Peranan Serangga Akuatik pada Ekosistem Sawah Organik

Webinar PEI Bandung Series #2

-Vira Kusuma Dewi-Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran

01Latar Belakang

02Rice Ecosystem Food Web

&Dynamic Interaction in

Food Web

03

04Pentingnya Serangga Akuatik

& Komposisinya

Permasalahan di Dunia Pertanian

05Hasil Riset & Simpulan

-Latar Belakang-Tingginya keanekaragaman hayati pada ekosistem

sawah memiliki kolerasi positif dengan produksipertanian (Luo et al, 2014)

Organisme akuatik (serangga) memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung (indirect effect) & Serangga terestrial

berpengaruh langsung (direct effect) pada pertanaman padi (Kiritani 2000; Dewi et al., 2017)

01

Organic matter

Bacteria

Protozoa

Rotifers Phytoplankton

Microcrustacea Tubificids worm

Chironomids& Mosquites

Arthropod Predators

Detritivores

Rice Plant

Phytophagous

Parasitoids

CO2PO3NH4

Other

Rice Ecosystem Food Web

Rice ecosystem ( Edirisinghe & Bambaradeniya 2010; Schoelny et al, 1998; Dewi et al., 2017)• Ecosystem for people whose staple diet, plants, organisms ( aquatic and terrestrial)• As shelter, food, breeding, and visit for a variety of purpose

Bacteria

: Ekosistem TerestrialEkosistem Akuatik

Direct effect

Indirect effect

02

DynamicInteraction in Food web

Top-predator (Carnivora)

Primary producer

Direct effect

Direct effect

Bottom-up mechanism

Top-down mechanism

• Intraspecifics competition

• interspecificscompetition

(Strauss 1991; Wootton 1994; Vanni et al., 2000)

Indirect effectIntermediate

consumer

Permasalahan di Dunia Pertanian

• Sebagian besar riset hanya fokus pada peningkatan hasil panen

• Upaya peningkatan hasil panen seringkali bertumpu pada penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik yang berlebihan sehingga berdampak tidak baik terhadap lingkungan

• Beberapa permasalahan timbul terkait penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik misalnya resistensi, resurjensi dan persistensi

• Penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik yang berlebihan dapat menurunkan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman serangga akuatik di lahan sawah

03

Serangga Akuatik : Mengapa kita harus peduli ?

Komponen utama dalam rantai makanan

• Siklus nutrisi : decomposer (Dunbar et al., 2010)• Kualitas air : filter feeder (Seetle et al., 1998)• Jaring makanan : Prey & Predator (Kiritani, 2000)• Keberadaan beberapa serangga akuatik dari

ordo Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera danOdonata dapat berperan sebagai musuh alamibagi hama tanaman padi (Thongphak, 2016)

Indicator of Aquatic health

Pollution tolerant vs

non polution tolerant species

Berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan manusia• Vektor penyakit pada manusia• Suka menggigit manusia

04

Komposisi Functional Feeding Guilds Serangga Akuatik

Functional Feeding Guilds dikelompokkan menjadiCG = Collection-Gatheres, Pc = Piercers, Pr = Predator,

Ft = Filter, Sh = Shredders, Sc = Scrapers danSh-Hb = Shredders yang hidup di jaringan tanaman

(Ramirez and Pablo, 2014)

Predator Collector

Shredders

• Predator : Ceratopogonidae, Dolichopodidae, Dytiscidae, Gerridae, Corixidae, Libellulidae

• Collector : Culicidae, Ephydridae, Elmidae, Chironomidae, Isotomidae,

• Shredders : Haliplidae

Hasil PenelitianPemanfaatan bio-based nutrition

asal Mud snail (siput sawah) pada Lahan Sawah

2013-2015

05

The Effect of Mud Snail on Total Abundance of Aquatic Organisms in2013-2015

1500

1000

500

0

2000

2500

No Snail Snail No Snail Snail No Snail Snails

2013 2014 2015

Tota

l ab

un

dan

ce o

f aq

uati

corg

an

ism

s

Scrapers

Collectors

Predators

• There were significant differences in the abundance of aquatic organisms with and without mud snails

in 2013, 2014 and 2015

• The mud snail influenced on community structure of aquatic organisms including functional feeding

group such as predators, collectors and scrapers in paddy fields

2013 2014 2015

.

Years Plant height

(cm)

Tiller number

perhill

Plant Biomass

(dry weight)

(g)

Brown Rice Yields

(g)

No Snails Snail No Snails Snails No Snails Snails No Snails Snails

2013 (88.6±0.56)a (86.0±0.43)b (17.54±0.56)a (21.46±0.43)b (681.50±36.24)a (715.50±27.35)a (304.68±17.72)a (323.43±16.30)a

2014 (90.0±0.54)a (91.3±0.46)a (15.73±0.42)a (17.90±0.35)b (870.79±49.11)a (1018.00±37.17)b (336.92±11.57)a (394.45±22.14)b

2015 (101.2±1.53)a (101.7±0.76)a (18.4±1.38)a (23.10±1.02)b (736.40±32.24)a (833.33±36.54)b (278.71±8.90)a (324.48±16.76)b

The Effect of Mud Snail on Rice Plant Growth in 2013-2015

• There were no significant differences in plant height between the treatments except in 2013• There was the greater number of tillers in snails treatment• Plant biomass tended to be greater in fields with snails & the difference was significant in 2014 and 2015• Brown rice yields were significantly higher in the field with snails in 2014 & 2015

• The previous studies suggested that aquatic organisms might have important effect on rice plant developmentdue to bio-based nutrient from aquatic snails and other organisms (Simpson et al. 1994; Vromant and Chau2005)

Hasil PenelitianPemanfaatan pupuk organik asal

ampas bungkil mimba dan gulma siam2018-2020

01

•713 individuA

•583 individuB

•905 individuC

•1104 individuD

•640 individuE

Perlakuan:A = pupuk kotoran hewan,B = NPK mutiara,C = kompos gulma siam,D = pupuk ampas bungkil mimba,E = kontrol (tanpa perlakuan).

Kelimpahan Arthropoda Akuatik padaEkosistem Sawah Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

Riset : Tiara Febricyanti, 2016 (Mahasiswa Prodi Agroteknologi)

Hubungan antara Kelimpahan Arthropoda Akuatik dengan Performa Tanaman Pada Ekosistem Lahan Sawah Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

Keterangan : A = Pupuk Kotoran Hewan, B = NPK Mutiara, C = Kompos Gulma Siam, D = Pupuk Ampas Bungkil Mimba, E = Kontrol (tanpaperlakuan), TA = Total Arthropoda Akuatik, TT = Tinggi Tanaman, JA = Jumlah Anakan, S = SPAD Value, r = Koefisien korelasi (PeasonsCorrelation), * = Korelasi, Signifikan pada dan 1%. Data arthropoda akuatik diperoleh dari total seluruh pengamatan, performa tanaman (tinggitanaman dan jumlah anakan) berdasarkan rata-rata data pengamatan 14 MST, sedangkan data SPAD value diperoleh dari rata-rata pada padapengamatan 10 MST. Tanda – dan + menunjukan arah hubungan.

Perlakuan

Total

Arthropoda

Akuatik

Performa Tanaman PadiKorelasi

TA x TT TA x JA TA x S

Tinggi

Tanaman

Jumlah

AnakanSPAD value

r F hitung r F hitung r F hitung

A 713 ab 101,34 ab 22,42 ab 60,80 ab -0,736 0,048 0,809 0,026 0,437 0,193

B 583 a 94,78 a 19,04 a 55,71 a 0,084 0,875 0,058 0,913 -0,047 0,93

C 905 bc 103,35 b 23,49 b 67,43 b -0,287 0,291 0,781* 0,033 -0,23 0,33

D 1104 c 101,39 ab 21,28 ab 62,07 ab -0,459 0,18 0,48 0,168 0,622 0,094

E 704 ab 96,71 ab 21,52 ab 55,88 a -0,292 0,287 0,527 0,141 0,571 0,118

ts ts

Organic matter/detritus

Phytoplankton

Braconidae

Rice Plant

CO2

PO3

NH4

Other

Delphacidae Acrididae Aphididae Ephydridae

SpiderEupelmidae

Leeches Dytiscidae Hydrophilidae Red mites Ceratopogonidae

Cladocera Physidae MUD SNAIL

Chironomidae OstracodaOligochaeta Copepoda

Periphytic algae

ChironomidaeCeratopogonidaePlecoptera

Natural enemies

Dolicophodidae Platygasteridae

Phytophagous

Other insects

Collectors

Predators

Scrapers

Other plants/weeds

Bacteria

1

2

3

4

Kompleksitas Interaksi Organisme di Ekosistem Sawah Organik: Terrestrial ecosystem

: Aquatic ecosystem

SimpulanPemanfaatan bahan organik dapat meningkatkan jumlahkelimpahan dan keanekaragaman serangga akuatik danmemberikan pengaruh positif terhadap performa tanamanserta kompleksitas dalam sebuah ekosistem

Terima Kasih