i

PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, DAN

UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE

(STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG

TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2014-2015)

SKRIPSI

Diajukan untuk Melengkapi Tugas dan Memenuhi Syarat dalam Mencapai

Gelar Sarjana Ekonomi Jurusan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Disusun Oleh:

LENI PRADASARI

NIM. F0313049

PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI

FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2017

ii

ABSTRAK

PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, DAN

UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE

(STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG

TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2014-2015)

Oleh:

Leni Pradasari

F0313049

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh corporate governance

yang diukur dengan kompensasi Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi dan

investor institusional serta pengaruh profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap

tax avoidance. Tax avoidance diukur menggunakan Generally Accepted

Accounting Principle Effective Tax Rate (GAAP ETR), dimana nilai GAAP ETR

berbanding terbalik dengan tax avoidance. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam

penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling yang menghasilkan sampel 124

data perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada

tahun 2014-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis

statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan pengujian hipotesis.

Berdasarkan hasil pengujian analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa

corporate governance yang diukur menggunakan kompensasi Dewan Komisaris

dan Dewan Direksi berpengaruh positif terhadap tax avoidance. Corporate

governance yang diukur menggunakan investor institusional tidak berpengaruh

terhadap tax avoidance. Profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap tax avoidance.

Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap tax avoidance. Variasi variabel

tax avoidance (GAAP ETR) yang dijelaskan oleh variasi variabel kompensasi

Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi, investor institusional, profitabilitas, dan

ukuran perusahaan sebesar 66,8%, sedangkan sebesar 33,2% dijelaskan oleh

variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian. Kata kunci: Kompensasi Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi, Investor

Institusional, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Tax Avoidance

iii

ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITY, AND

FIRM SIZE TOWARD TAX AVOIDANCE

(EMPIRICAL STUDY ON MANUFACTURED COMPANIES LISTED IN

INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) 2014-2015)

by:

Leni Pradasari

F0313049

This primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of corporate

governance as measured by compensation for the Boards of Commisioners and

Directors and institutional investor and we also explore the impact of profitability

and firm size expertise on tax avoidance by Indonesian companies listed on IDX.

This study find using purposive sampling technique that generates the data 124

manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period

2014-2015. This study uses data analysis and multiple regression analysis of the

elements of corporate governance, profitability, firm size and tax avoidance.

Based on the test results of multiple regression analysis showed corporate

governance is measured using a compensation for the Boards of Commisioners

and Directors has positive impact on tax avoidance. Corporate governance is

measured using institutional investor has no impact on tax avoidance.

Profitability has negative impact on tax avoidance. Firm size has positive impact

on tax avoidance. The effect of independent variables (compensation for the

Boards of Commisioners and Directors, institutional investor, profitability, and

firm size) on the dependent variable (tax avoidance) can only explain by 66,8%.

Keywords: Compensation for the Boards of Commissioners and Directors,

Institutional Investor, Profitability, Firm Size, Tax Avoidance

iv

v

vi

vii

MOTTO

Sesungguhnya jiwa itu bagaikan kaca, dan akal pikiran bagaikan lampunya dan

hikmah (kebijakan) Allah bagaikan minyaknya, dan jika ia padam kamu menjadi

mati.

(Ibnu Sina)

Ilmu itu lebih baik daripada harta. Ilmu akan menjaga engkau dan engkau

menjaga harta. Ilmu itu penghukum (hakim) sedangkan harta terhukum. Kalau

harta itu akan berkurang apabila dibelanjakan, tetapi ilmu akan bertambah apabila

dibelanjakan.

(Ali bin Abi Thalib)

Pengetahuan diperoleh dengan belajar, kepercayaan dengan keraguan, keahlian

dengan berlatih, dan cinta dengan mencintai.

(Thomas Szasz)

Ingatlah selalu bahwa Anda lebih berani dari yang Anda yakini, lebih kuat dari

yang Anda lihat, dan lebih cerdas dari yang Anda pikirkan.

(Christopher Robin)

Doa adalah kunci pembuka hari dan sekrup penutup malam.

(Mahatma Gandhi)

Prestasi adalah apa yang mampu anda lakukan. Motivasi menentukan apa yang

anda lakukan. Sikap menentukan seberapa baik anda melakukannya.

(Lois Holtz)

Hidup itu perpaduan antara etika dan estetika, maka berlomba-lombalah berbuat

kebaikan dengan meng-elokkan pikiran, perasaan dan tindakan untuk menebar

kebaikan agar bermanfaat untuk semesta.

(Leni Pradasari)

viii

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

Penulis mempersembahkan skripsi ini kepada:

Allah SWT. Yang senantiasa memberiku kekuatan dan keberkahan;

Bapak dan Ibu serta Nenekku tercinta;

Adikku tersayang;

Keluarga Besar dan Sahabat-sahabat terkasih;

Ibu Djuminah selaku pembimbing skripsi; serta untuk almamaterku Universitas

Sebelas Maret Surakarta;

Masa Depan yang menjadi harapan dalam setiap doa

ix

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu‟alaikum, Wr., Wb.

Alhamdulillah, segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah

SWT. yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat

menyelesaikan tugas akhir berupa skripsi yang berjudul “PENGARUH

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, DAN UKURAN

PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA

PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK

INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2014-2015)” sebagai salah satu prasyarat guna

mencapai gelar Sarjana Ekonomi Jurusan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Sholawat serta salam penulis sampaikan

kepada Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW. yang mendorong penulis untuk meneladani

sifat dan perangainya.

Terselesaikannya tugas akhir skripsi ini tentunya bukan semata-mata

perjuangan seorang diri penulis saja. Rahmat Allah SWT. menjadikan penulis

selalu bersyukur atas petunjuk, bimbingan, dukungan, dan bantuan dari berbagai

pihak sehingga skripsi ini dapat selesai pada waktunya. Oleh sebab itu, penulis

mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

1. Dr. Hunik Sri Runing Sawitri, M,Si., Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi

dan Bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

2. Drs. Santoso Tri Hananto, M.Si., Ak., Selaku Kepala Program Studi

Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret

Surakarta.

x

3. Drs. Hanung Triatmoko, M.Si., Ak., Selaku Dosen Pembimbing

Akademik.

4. Dr. Djuminah, M.Si., Ak., Selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang

senantiasa membimbing dan mengarahkan untuk dapat menyelesaikan

penulisan tugas akhir skripsi ini.

5. Ibu Lulus Kurniasih, S.E., M.Si., Ak., Selaku pembimbing magang kerja

yang telah memberikan pengetahuan seputar dunia kerja.

6. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis yang telah

memberikan ilmu pengetahuan yang bermanfaat.

7. Kedua orang tuaku yaitu bapak Winarto dan ibu Salamah serta kedua

nenekku Mbah Admirah dan Mbah Sampurni yang selalu mendidik,

mendukung, mengingatkan, dan mendoakan penulis setiap saat.

8. Adik kandungku yaitu Jenar Mahesasari dan semua keluarga besar serta

saudara-saudaraku yang selalu menghibur.

9. Pendamping hidupku kelak, yang senantiasa terucap didalam doa.

10. Teman-teman dekatku Annisa Rose dan Asa Kurnia, serta Puput,

Setyarti, Syarah, Ravinda, Bilqis, Amalya, Dynar, Bella, Ervinda, Tami

yang memberikan hiburan, bantuan, dan motivasi selama ini.

11. Para sahabatku “Mardilah” yaitu Helena Tara, Laeli Suryani, Maylia

Nurkhusna, Merry Anggita, Multiningrum Mabruroh yang telah bersedia

menjadi keluarga kedua dan berbagi kasih sayang, dan Malinda, Indri,

Rizal, Agus, serta “Mubro” (Faris, Fendy, Mahes, Ryan) yang telah

bersedia membantu, menjadi teman nge-trip, dan berbagi cerita selama

kuliah di Universitas Sebelas Maret.

xi

12. Teman-teman organisasi dan alumni Kajian Ekonomi Islam FEB UNS

dan semua warga Akuntansi angkatan 2013 yang telah memberikan

pengalaman berharga dalam berorganisasi dan menjalin relasi.

13. Bu Asri, Pak Andre, Pak Topo dan Pak Budi yang telah membantu dan

memudahkan penulis dalam mengurus persyaratan delegasi atas berbagai

lomba yang telah diikuti penulis selama masa kuliah, serta Mas Agung

dan Pak Gunawan yang memberikan informasi dan kemudahaan

mengurus administrasi perkuliahan bagi mahasiswa.

14. Pak Man dan Pak Pur atas nasihat dan canda tawa yang diberikan setiap

masuk maupun keluar parkiran bagian atas FEB.

15. Teman-teman magang (Dynar, Lail, Novi, Febri, Oki, Sindinia, Riza),

Mbak Hessy dan Mas Zaki yang telah memberikan bantuan, nasihat dan

berbagai informasi tentang skripsi dan ujian komprehensif.

16. Teman-teman KKN Desa Sidomukti Kecamatan Jenawi Kabupaten

Karanganyar 2016 (Angga, Dewi, Rani, Jati, Kaesar, Kiko, Levi, Nawa,

dan Ulfi) atas kerjasama, kebaikan, dan kesolidan selama KKN hingga

saat ini.

17. Teman-teman Alumni SD Negeri 1 Grantung, Alumni SMP Negeri 1

Karangmoncol, dan Alumni SMA Negeri 1 Purbalingga yang selalu

menjalin tali silaturahmi dan komunikasi dengan baik hingga saat ini.

18. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang

telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir skripsi ini.

Demikianlah skripsi ini disusun, penulis menyadari bahwa dalam

penulisan skripsi ini masih terdapat berbagai kekurangan karena keterbatasan

xii

baik waktu maupun pengalaman yang dimiliki. Oleh karena itu, penulis

mengharapkan adanya kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak

sebagai bahan evaluasi bagi penulis. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini menjadi

sumber ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya dan bagi para pembaca

pada umumnya. Aamiin Yaa Robbal „Aalamiin.

Wassalamu‟alaikum., Wr., Wb.

Surakarta, April 2017

Penulis,

Leni Pradasari

NIM. F0313049

xiii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ················································································· i

ABSTRAK ····························································································· ii

ABSTRACT ····························································································· iii

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ················································· iv

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ······································································ v

SURAT PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS SKRIPSI ·········································· vi

HALAMAN MOTTO ················································································ vii

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ···································································· viii

KATA PENGANTAR ··············································································· ix

DAFTAR ISI ·························································································· xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ···················································································· xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ················································································· xviii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ·············································································· xix

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah ······························································· 1

1.2. Perumusan Masalah ···································································· 10

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ······································································· 11

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ····································································· 11

1.5. Orisinalitas Penelitian ································································· 12

BAB II. LANDASAN TEORI DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS

2.1. Landasan Teori

2.1.1. Theory of Planned Behavior ·················································· 14

xiv

2.1.2. Teori Institusional ······························································ 14

2.1.3. Corporate Governance ························································ 15

2.1.3.1. Kompensasi Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi ············· 17

2.1.3.2. Investor Institusional ················································· 19

2.1.4. Profitabilitas ····································································· 20

2.1.5. Ukuran Perusahaan ····························································· 21

2.1.6. Tax Avoidance ·································································· 22

2.2. Penelitian Terdahulu dan Pengembangan Hipotesis

2.2.1. Pengaruh Kompensasi Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi

terhadap Tax Avoidance ······················································· 26

2.2.2. Pengaruh Investor Institusional terhadap Tax Avoidance ················· 28

2.2.3. Pengaruh Profitabilitas terhadap Tax Avoidance ·························· 29

2.2.4. Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance ·················· 31

2.3. Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ····················································· 32

BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN

3.1. Data dan Sampel Penelitian ··························································· 34

3.2. Definisi Operasional dan Pengukuran Variabel ···································· 35

3.2.1. Variabel Dependen

3.2.1.1. Tax Avoidance ························································ 35

3.2.2. Variabel Independen

3.2.2.1. Corporate Governance

3.2.2.1.1. Kompensasi Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan

Direksi (KOMP) ········································ 38

3.2.2.1.2. Investor Institusional (INST) ························· 39

xv

3.2.2.2. Profitabilitas (ROA) ··············································· 40

3.2.2.3. Ukuran Perusahaan (SIZE) ······································· 40

3.3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ···························································· 41

3.4. Metode Analisis Data

3.4.1. Analisis Statistik Deskriptif ·················································· 42

3.4.2. Uji Asumsi Klasik ······························································ 42

3.4.3. Uji Model Regresi ······························································ 45

3.5. Alat Statistik ············································································ 47

BAB IV. ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1. Hasil Pengumpulan Sampel ·························································· 48

4.2. Hasil dan Analisis Data ······························································· 49

4.2.1. Statistik Deskriptif ····························································· 50

4.2.2. Uji Asumsi Klasik

4.2.2.1. Uji Normalitas ························································ 52

4.2.2.2. Uji Autokorelasi ······················································ 53

4.2.2.3. Uji Heteroskedastisitas ·············································· 54

4.2.2.4. Uji Multikolinearitas ················································ 55

4.2.3. Uji Model Regresi

4.2.3.1. Uji Koefisien Determinasi ·········································· 56

4.2.3.2. Uji Koefisien Regresi Simultan ···································· 56

4.2.3.3. Uji Koefisien Regresi Parsial ······································ 57

4.3. Pembahasan ············································································· 60

BAB V. KESIMPULAN, KETERBATASAN, DAN SARAN

5.1. Kesimpulan ············································································· 68

xvi

5.2. Keterbatasan ············································································ 69

5.3. Saran. ···················································································· 70

5.4. Implikasi ················································································· 70

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ················································································ 73

LAMPIRAN ··························································································· 78

xvii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel III.1 Kriteria Uji Durbin-Watson ··························································· 44

Tabel IV.1 Hasil Pengambilan Sampel ···························································· 49

Tabel IV.2 Statistik Deskriptif ······································································ 50

Tabel IV.3 Hasil Pengujian Normalitas Data K-S ··············································· 52

Tabel IV.4 Hasil Pengujian Autokorelasi ························································· 53

Tabel IV.5 Hasil Pengujian Heteroskedastisitas dengan Metode Glejser ···················· 54

Tabel IV.6 Hasil Pengujian Multikolinearitas ···················································· 55

Tabel IV.7 Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi (R2) ········································ 56

Tabel IV.8 Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Regresi Simultan (F) ··································· 57

Tabel IV.9 Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Regresi Parsial (t) ······································· 58

xviii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar II.1 Kerangka Konseptual Hubungan Antar Variabel ································· 33

xix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran I. Daftar Perusahaan Sampel ···························································· 78

Lampiran IV. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif ··························································· 86

Lampiran III. Hasil Uji Asumsi Klasik ···························································· 87

Lampiran IV. Hasil Analisis Regresi Berganda ·················································· 88

Lampiran V. Rangkuman Penelitian Terdahulu ·················································· 90