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1 PECUTAN SPM 2015 Compound P Sebatian P Compound Q Sebatian Q PECUTAN SPM 2015 Nama : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Ting : 5 ………. ATOMIC STRUCTURE, PERIODIC TABLE AND CHEMICAL BOND 1. (a) Properties of compound W are shown in the box below. Sifat-sifat sebatian W ditunjukkan dalam kotak di bawah. (i) Is compound W an ionic or covalent compound? Explain your answer Adakah sebatian W merupakan sebatian ion atau sebatian kovalen? Terangkan jawapan anda. (ii) State one more property of compound W. Nyatakan satu lagi sifat bagi sebatian W. [4 marks] (b) Diagram 7 shows electron arrangement of compounds P and Q. Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian P dan sebatian Q. Diagram 7 Colourless liquid at room condition Cecair tidak berwarna pada keadaan bilik Have melting point of -27 O C and boiling point of 77 O C Mempunyai takat lebur -27 O C dan takat didih 77 O C Does not mix with water Tidak bercampur dengan air O O Na + - Cl

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Page 1: Pecutan SPM 2015 Smtjb Dan Skema (2)

1 PECUTAN SPM 2015

Compound P Sebatian P

Compound Q Sebatian Q

PECUTAN SPM 2015

Nama : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Ting : 5 ……….

ATOMIC STRUCTURE, PERIODIC TABLE AND CHEMICAL BOND

1. (a) Properties of compound W are shown in the box below. Sifat-sifat sebatian W ditunjukkan dalam kotak di bawah.

(i) Is compound W an ionic or covalent compound? Explain your answer Adakah sebatian W merupakan sebatian ion atau sebatian kovalen? Terangkan jawapan anda.

(ii) State one more property of compound W. Nyatakan satu lagi sifat bagi sebatian W.

[4 marks] (b) Diagram 7 shows electron arrangement of compounds P and Q. Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

Diagram 7

Colourless liquid at room condition Cecair tidak berwarna pada keadaan bilik

Have melting point of -27OC and boiling point of 77 OC

Mempunyai takat lebur -27OC dan takat didih 77

OC

Does not mix with water Tidak bercampur dengan air

O O

Na

+ -

Cl

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2 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(i) Compare compound P and compound Q in terms of

Type of bonds

Type of particles forms

Type of attraction force between the particles

Way for the atoms to achieve the stable octet electron arrangement

Bandingkan sebatian P dan sebatian Q dari segi

Jenis ikatan

Jenis zarah-zarah yang terbentuk

Jenis daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah

Cara bagi atom untuk mencapai susunan elekton oktet yang stabil

[8 marks]

(ii) Oxygen atoms can react with sodium atoms to produce a compound. Draw the

electron arrangement of compound formed. Atom oksigen boleh bertindak balas dengan atom natrium untuk menghasilkan

satu sebatian. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. [ Number of proton : O = 16; Na = 11 ]

[2 marks]

(iii) Nitrogen atom can react with hydrogen atom to produce a compound. Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed. Atom nitrogen boleh bertindak balas dengan atom hidrogen untuk menghasilkan satu sebatian. Lukiskan susunan electron sebatian yang terbentuk

[ Number of proton : N = 7; H = 1 ] [ 2 marks ]

(c) Tartaric acid is a covalent compound which is widely used as a flavouring in soft drinks. The composition according to the mass of tartaric acid is 32% carbon, 4% hydrogen and 64% oxygen.

Asid tartarik merupakan sebatian kovalen yang banyak digunakan sebagai perasa dalam minuman ringan. Komposisi menurut jisim bagi asid tartarik ialah 32% karbon, 4% hidrogen dan 64% oksigen.

(i) Determine empirical formula of tartaric acid Tentukan formula empirik bagi asid tartarik.

[4 marks]

(ii) Molar mass of tartaric acid is 150 g mol-1. Determine molecular formula of tartaric acid. [Atomic relative mass : H, 1; C, 12; O, 16]

Jisim molar asid tartarik ialah 150 g mol-1

. Tentukan formula molekul bagi asid tartarik. [Jisim atom relatif : H, 1; C, 12; O, 16]

[2 marks]

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3 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(d) Diagram 2 shows an atom of carbon-13. It is an isotope of carbon element. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu atom karbon-13. Ia merupakan isotop bagi unsur karbon.

Diagram / Rajah 2

(i) Describe the atomic structure of carbon-13 Huraikan struktur atom bagi karbon-13.

[4 marks]

(ii) Another isotope of carbon element is carbon-14. It has 8 neutrons. Compare the two isotopes of carbon element.

Satu isotop lain bagi unsure karbon ialah karbon-14. Ia mempunyai 8 neutron. Bandingkan dua isotop bagi unsur karbon itu.

[4 marks] (e) There are many uses of radioisotopes, namely in the field of medicine, agriculture,

industry and archaeology. Choose one of the above examples. State one radioisotope and its uses.

Terdapat banyak kegunaan radioisotope iaitu dalam bidang perubatan, pertanian, industry dan arkeologi. Pilih satu daripada contoh di atas. Nyatakan satu radioisotope dan kegunaannya.

[2 marks] (f) Diagram 5.1 shows solid M and solid R submerged in paraffin oil in two separate

reagent bottles. The labels on the two bottles have dropped off. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pepejal M dan R yang direndam di dalam dua botol reagen yang mengandungi

minyak paraffin.

When a small piece of metal M and R are burn separately in oxygen, the changes

observed are shown in the table below. Apabila seketul logam M dan R dibakar secara berasingan dalam oksigen, pemerhatian yang diperoleh telah ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah.

6 p 7 n

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4 PECUTAN SPM 2015

Type of metal Jenis logam

Observation Pemerhatian

M

Burns rapidly and violently with lilac flame in oxygen. White fumes are formed. When cooling down to room temperature, a white solid is deposited. Terbakar dalam oksigen dengan nyalaan ungu secara sangat cepat dan cergas. Wasap putih terbentuk. Apabila sejuk pada suhu bilik, pepejal putih terbentuk.

R

Burns slowly and less vigorously with a red flame in oxygen. White fumes are formed. When cooling down to room temperature, a white solid is deposited. Terbakar dalam oksigen dengan nyalaan merah secara perlahan dan kurang cergas. Wasap putih terbentuk. Apabila sejuk pada suhu bilik, pepejal putih terbentuk.

Table / Jadual 5.2

(i) Based on table 5.2, compare the reactivity between M and R. Explain your answer. Berdasarkan jadual 5.2, bandingkan kereaktifan diantara M dan R. Terangkan jawapan anda.

[4 marks] (ii) Suggest metal M and metal R. Write a chemical equation for the reaction

between metal M and oxygen gas. Cadangkan logam M dan logam R. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas diantara logam M

dengan gas oksigen

[4 marks]

(iii) In the above reaction, 0.1 mol of metal M reacted completely with oxygen gas. Calculate the mass of the product formed.

[ Molar mass of M oxide = 94 g mol-1] Dalam tindakbalas di atas, 0.1mol logam M telah bertindakbalas lengkap dengan gas oksigen.

Hitung jisim bagi hasil tindakbalas yang terbentuk. [Jisim molar bagi oksida M = 94 g mol

-1]

[2 marks]

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5 PECUTAN SPM 2015

ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2. (a) A student has carried out an electrolysis process using dilute ethanoic acid and carbon

as electrodes. What is produced at the cathode? Write a half equation for the reaction. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan proses elektrolisis dengan menggunakan larutan asid etanoik dan

karbon sebagai elektrod. Apakah yang terhasil di katod? Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[ 2 marks] (b) Diagram shows two types of cells. Rajah menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y in their chemical reactions. Include the

observations and half equations for reactions at the electrodes in both cells in your answers.

Banding dan bezakan sel X dan sel Y dalam tindak balas kimianya. Sertakan pemerhatian dan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di elektrod kedua-dua sel di dalam jawapan anda.

[ 8 marks ] (c) Taufiq needs to electroplate an iron ring. He has given some materials and apparatus

as below: Taufiq dikehendaki menyadur sebentuk cincin besi. Dia telah dibekalkan bahan dan radas seperti berikut :

(i) State two purposes of electroplating. Nyatakan dua tujuan penyaduran.

[ 2 marks]

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6 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(ii) Plan a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron ring. Your answer should consist:

Procedure of the experiment

Half-equations for the reactions at both electrodes.

Observations for both electrodes.

Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur cincin tersebut. Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi:

Prosedur eksperimen

Persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di kedua-dua elektrod

Pemerhatian di kedua-dua elektrod.

[ 8 marks ] (d) You have an impure silver plate. You intend to purify the silver plate. Suggest a method

and electrolyte that can be used to purify it. Write the half equation for the reaction at anode and cathode.

Anda mempunyai satu kepingan argentum tak tulen. Anda ingin untuk menulenkan kepingan argentum itu. Cadangkan satu kaedah dan elektrolit yang boleh digunakan untuk menulenkannya. Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di anod dan di katod.

[4 marks] (e) Table 2 shows the setup of apparatus of two experiments to investigate electrolysis

process by using different electrodes. Jadual 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses elektrolisis dengan

menggunakan elektrod yang berlainan.

EXPERIMENT EKSPERIMEN

SETUP OF APPARATUS SUSUNAN ALAT RADAS

I

II

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7 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(i) Compare the observation and product formed at the anode for both experiments.

Bandingkan pemerhatian dan hasil yang terbentuk di anod bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.

(ii) Write the half equation at the anode for both experiments. Tuliskan persamaan setengah di anod bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.

[6 marks] (f) Table below shows the descriptions and observations for three experiments, I and II.

Jadual dibawah menunjukkan penerangan dan pemerhatian bagi tiga eksperimen, I dan II.

Experiment Eksperimen

Description Penerangan

Observation at anode Pemerhatian di anod

I

Electrolysis of 2 mol dm-3 copper (II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes. Elektrolisis larutan kuprum (II) klorida 2 mol dm

-3 menggunakan

elektrod karbon

Greenish-yellow gas released. Gas kuning kehijauan terbebas

II

Electrolysis of 0.001 mol dm-3 copper (II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes. Elektrolisis larutan kuprum (II) klorida 0.001 mol dm

-3

menggunakan elektrod karbon

Colourless gas released Gas tanpa warna terbebas.

Compare the product of electrolysis at anode between experiment I and experiment II. In each case explain the difference in the products. Write half equation for the reaction at anode in experiment III. Bandingkan hasil elektrolisis di anod antara eksperimen I eksperimen II dan eksperimenIII. Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan hasil itu. Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di anod dalam eksperimen III.

[ 10 marks]

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8 PECUTAN SPM 2015

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE FOR INDUSTRIES 3. (a) Diagram 13.1 show ammonium sulphate formed from the reaction between substance

X and ammonia. Substance X is produced from Contact process whereas ammonia from process Z. Contact Process also produces pollutant Y.

Rajah 13.1 menunjukkan ammonium sulfat yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas bahan X dan ammonia.

Bahan X dihasilkan daripada Proses Sentuh manakala ammonia dihasilkan daripada Proses Z. Proses Sentuh juga menghasilkan bahan pencemar Y.

(i) State the name of substance X and pollutant Y. Nyatakan nama bahan X dan bahan pencemar Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) State one use of ammonium sulphate. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between substance X and ammonia to produced ammonium sulphate. Nyatakan satu kegunaan ammonium sulfat. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara bahan X dan ammonia untuk menghasilkan ammonium sulfat.

[3 marks]

(iii) Describe briefly Process Z in industry to produce ammonia. Huraikan dengan ringkas Proses Z dalam industri untuk menghasilkan ammonia.

[4 marks]

(iv) State three effects of pollution caused by pollutant Y. Nyatakan tiga kesan pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh bahan pencemar Y.

[3 marks]

(b) Diagram 13.3 shows particles arrangement in two different materials, X and Y. X is a pure metal and Y is its alloy. Y is harder than X.

Rajah 13.3 menunjukkan susunan zarah dalam dua bahan yang berbeza, X dan Y. X ialah logam tulen dan Y ialah aloinya. Y lebih keras daripada X.

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9 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(i) Explain why Y is harder than X. Terangkan mengapa Y lebih keras dariapada X. (ii) By using one suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to show the

hardness of the alloy compared to its pure metal.

In your description, include the following aspects:-

Materials and apparatus

Procedure of experiment

Tabulation of data

Observation

Dengan menggunakan satu contoh yang sesuai, huraikan eksperimen makmal untuk menunjukkan kekerasan bagi aloi dibandingkan dengan logam tulennya.

Dalam huraian anda, sertakan aspek-aspek berikut:-

Bahan dan alat radas

Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data

Pemerhatian

[10 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.1 shows two types of ammonium fertilisers that usually been used in paddy cultivation. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua jenis baja ammonium yang sering digunakan dalam penanaman padi.

Between these fertilisers which one is the most suitable to be used in paddy cultivation. Explain your answer. [Relative atomic mass : C = 12; O = 16; N = 14; H = 1; S = 32]

Antara baja berkenaan yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan dalam penanaman padi. Jelaskan jawapan anda. [Jisim atom relatif : C = 12; O = 16; N = 14; H = 1; S = 32]

[ 6 marks]

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10 PECUTAN SPM 2015

(d) Table 8 shows three substance, example and their components respectively. Jadual 8 menunjukkan tiga jenis bahan, contoh dan komponen masing-masing.

Substance Bahan

Example Contoh

Component Komponen

P Reinforced concrete

Konkrit yang diperkukuhkan

cement, sand, small pebbles and steel

simen, pasir, batu kecil dan keluli

Alloy Aloi

Q copper and zinc kuprum dan zink

Polymer Polimer

R ethene

etena

Table 8

Based on Table 8 answer the following questions: Berdasarkan Jadual 8 jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(i) Name substance P and suggest how the strength of concrete can be increased to

be used as pillars of building. Namakan bahan P dan cadangkan bagaimana kekuatan konkrit dapat ditingkatkan bagi kegunaan

membuat tiang bangunan.

[2 marks] (ii) Polymer R is formed through polymerization process Polimer R terbentuk melalui proses pempolimeran.

Write the chemical equation to produce the polymer R and give a name for the

polimer Tuliskan persamaan bagi penghasilan polimer itu dan namakan polimer R

[3 marks]

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11 PECUTAN SPM 2015

RATE OF REACTION COLLIDING PARTICLE 1. Zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen Chemical equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ionic equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Colliding particles : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid calcium carbonate + water + carbon dioxide Chemical equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ionic equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Colliding particles : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + sulphur + sulphur dioxide + water

Chemical equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ionic equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Colliding particles : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen Chemical equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Ionic equation : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Colliding particles : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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4. Table 10 shows the results of three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction. 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected in each experiment.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar

tindakbalas. 50 cm3 gas karbon dioksida dikumpulkan dalam setiap eksperimen.

Experiment Eksperimen

Reactants Bahan tindak balas

Temperature / oC Suhu /

oC

Time taken to collects gas / s

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan gas / s

I

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid + excess marble chips 50 cm

3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm

-3 + serpihan

marmar berlebihan

28 240

II

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid + excess powdered marble chips 50 cm

3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm

-3 + serbuk

marmar berlebihan

28 60

III

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid + excess marble chips 50 cm

3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm

-3 + serpihan

marmar berlebihan

40 150

Table 10

(a) Nitric acid reacts with marble chips to produce calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide gas and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in experiment I. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] Asid nitrik bertindak balas dengan serpihan marmar untuk menghasilkan kalsium nitrat, gas karbon dioksida dan air. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dalam eksperimen I. [Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm

3 pada keadaan bilik]

[5 marks] (b)

Calculate the average rate of reaction in Experiment I and in experiment II. Kira kadar tindak balas purata untuk eksperimen I dan II

[4 marks]

(c) Based on table 10, compare the rate of reaction between: Berdasarkan Jadual 10, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:

(i) experiment I and experiment II eksperimen I dan eksperimen II

(ii) experiments I dan experiment III eksperimen I dan eksperimen III

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13 PECUTAN SPM 2015

In each case explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory. Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

(c) The size of reactants can be used to increase the rate of reaction between metal and acid. By using a suitable named of metal and acid, describe an experiment to show how size of metals affects the rate of reaction. Saiz bahan tindak balas boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas antara logam dan asid. Dengan menggunakan satu logam, asid dan mangkin yang dinamakan, huraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana saiz logam boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

[10 marks]

(d) Another experiments are conducted to determine the factors that affect the rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Particulars of experiment are listed as below. Eksperimen yang lain dijalankan untuk menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara zink dan asid hidroklorik. Butiran eksperimen disenaraikan seperti di bawah.

Experiment Eksperimen

Reactants Bahan tindak balas

Time taken to collects 50 cm3 of CO2 gas / s

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 50 cm

3 gas hidrogen / s

I

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + excess zinc granule 50 cm

3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

-3 + butiran

zink berlebihan

300

II

50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + excess zinc granule 50 cm

3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm

-3 +

ketulan zink berlebihan

180

III

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + excess zinc granule + copper (II) sulphate solution 50 cm

3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

-3 + butiran

zink berlebihan + larutan kuprum (II) sulfat

150

(i) Sketch the graph of volume against time for experiment I and II in same a graph. Explain

your answers. Lakarkan graf isipadu melawan masa untuk eksperimen I dan II di dalam graf yang sama. Terangkan jawapan anda.

[6 marks]

(ii) Sketch the graph of volume against time for experiment I and III in same a graph. Explain your answers. Lakarkan graf isipadu melawan masa untuk eksperimen I dan III di dalam graf yang sama. Terangkan jawapan anda.

[6 marks]

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CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE FOR CONSUMER 5 (a) Food process or fast food is the food component that can be consumed directly without

cooking first. It’s maybe canned food, western foods such as burgers and hot dog, frozen foods and other fast food. This is not the best food choices because of its contents that are not nutritious enough. Regular intake of fast food can cause heart attack and stroke. The content of fat and excess sugars in food can immediately resulting in the fast food lovers experiencing obesity and so on obesity.

Makanan proses atau makanan segera adalah komponen makanan yang boleh dimakan terus tanpa perlu memasaknya terlebih dahulu.la mungkin makanan dalam tin, makanan berasaskan corakpemakanan barat seperti burger dan hot dog, makanan sejuk beku dan sebagainya. Makanan segera ini bukanlah pilihan makanan yang terbaik kerana kandungannya yang kurang berkhasiat. Pengambilan makanan segera yang kerap boleh menyebabkan serangan jantung dan strok. Kandungan lemak dan lebihan gula dalam makanan segera boleh mengakibatkan penggemar makanan segera mengalami kegemukan dan seterusnya obesiti.

Diagram 10.1 shows two examples of fast food preferred by teenagers. Based on Diagram 10.1, give two types of food additive used and the their function.

Rajah 10.1menunjukkan dua contoh makanan segera yang disukai oleh golongan remaja. Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1, berikan dua jenis bahan tambah makanan yang digunakan dan fungsi masing-masing.

[4 marks]

(b) Diagram 10.2 shows a conversation between Sarah and Suzie. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan perbualan antara Sarah dan Suzie.

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These two students met a doctor and some medicines were prescribed to them. For each medicine, state its name, type and the correct usage. Kedua-dua orang murid ini berjumpa dengan doktor dan beberapa ubat telah dipreskripsikepada mereka.

Bagi setiap ubat, nyatakan jenis ubat dan cara penggunaan yang betul. [4 marks]

(c)

Diagram 10.2 shows structural formula of soap. Name Part A and Part B and its function during cleaning. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan formula struktur untuk sabun. Namakan Bahagian A dan Bahagian B serta fungsinya semasa pembersihan

[4 marks]

(d) You are given liquid soap, samples of hard water and soft water and cloth with oily stains. Describe an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of cleansing action of soap in different type of water. Your description must include example of hard and soft water, observations and conclusion.

Anda dibekalkan dengan cecair sabun, contoh air liat dan air lembut dan kain yang mengandungi kotoran berminyak. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan pencucian sabun dalam jenis air yang berbeza. Huraian anda hendaklah mengandungi contoh air liat dan air lembut, pemerhatian dan kesimpulan.

[10 marks]

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A house wife`s discovered that the cake she bake did not rise. Seorang suri rumah mendapati kek yang dibakarnya tidak naik.

A farmer discovered that plants in his farm not growth well. Seorang petani mendapati tanaman dalam kebunnya tidak membesar dengan baik

SALT 6.

(a) Suggest how they can overcome these problems. Give a reason. Cadangkan bagaimana mereka boleh mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut. Beri satu sebab.

[4 marks] (b) Diagram 9 shows a series of reaction starting from Salt P. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bermula daripada garam P.

Based on Diagram 9 : Identify salt P, residue X, gas Y and acid M.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between residue X and acid M. Berdasarkan

Rajah 9 : Kenal pasti garam P, baki X, gas Y dan asid M. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara baki X dan asid M.

[6 marks] (c) Barium sulphate can be prepared by double decomposition reaction using salt A and

salt B solution. Both salts are soluble. Suggest salt A and B. Describe preparation of barium sulphate salt by using salts that you have stated and then write chemical equation involved.

Barium sulfat boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda dua menggunakan larutan garam A dan larutan garam B. Kedua-dua larutan garam ini merupakan garam terlarutkan. Cadangkan garam A dan garam B. Huraikan penyediaan garam Barium sulfat dengan menggunakan garam-garam yang anda nyatakan seterusnya tuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.

[10 marks]

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(d) A student has carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead (II) iodide.

Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan plumbum(II) iodida.

Seven test tubes of the same size were labelled 1 to 7. A fixed volume of 5.0 cm3 of 1.0

moldm-3 potassium iodide solution was placed in each test tube. 0.5 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution was added into test tube 1, 1.0 cm3 into test tube 2 and so on until 3.5 cm3 was added into test tube 7. The heights of the precipitate formed in each test tube were measured.

Tujuh buah tabung uji yang sama saiz dilabelkan dengan 1 hingga 7. Isipadu tetap 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium iodide 1.0 moldm-3 diletakkan dalam setiap tabung uji .0.5 cm3 larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambah kedalam tabung uji 1, 1.0 cm3 ke dalam tabung uji 2, dan seterusnya sehingga 3.5 cm3 ditambah ke dalam tabung uji 7. Tinggi mendakan yang terbentuk dalam setiap tabung uji diukur.

The results are shown in Table 11.1 Keputusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 11.1

Test tube / Tabunguji 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Volume of 1.0 moldm-3 lead (II) nitrate solution / cm3 Isipadu larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm

-3

/ cm3

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Height of precipitate /cm Tinggi mendakan / cm

1.1 2.2 3.4 4.4 5.5 5.5 5.5

(i) Based on Table 11, plot a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of

lead (II) nitrate solution. Berdasarkan Jadual 11, plotkan graf tinggi mendakan lawan isipadu larutan plumbum (II) nitrat .

[3 marks] (ii) Determine the volume of lead (II) nitrate solution that had reacted completely

with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium iodide. Tentukan isipadu larutan plumbum (II) nitrat yang telah bertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm

3

larutan kalium iodide 1.0 mol dm-3

.

[1 mark] (iii) Using the volume obtained in (a) (ii), calculate the number of moles of lead (II)

ions and iodide ions that are required for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Dengan menggunakan isipadu yang diperolehi dalam (a) (ii), hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion

plumbum (II) dan ion iodida yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan plumbum (II) iodida.

Then, calculate the number of moles of iodide ions that has reacted with 1 mol of

lead (II) ions. Kemudian, hitungkan bilangan mol ion iodida yang bertindakbalas dengan 1mol ion plumbum (II).

[4 marks] (iv) Write the ionic equation for the formation of lead (II) iodide. Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan plumbum (II) iodida.

[2 marks]

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PAPER 3

RUSTING OF IRON 7. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of metal in contact with iron on the

rusting of iron. The irons are coiled with metal zinc, copper and tin and kept inside a jelly solution which contains a small amount phenolphthalein and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution. The test tubes are put aside for 5 days and the observations are recorded. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan logam yang bersentuhan dengan besi terhadap pengaratan besi. Besi yang dililitkan dengan logam zink, kuprum dan timah disimpan di dalam larutan jeli yang mengandungi sedikit fenoftalein dan larutan kalium heksasianoferrat(III). Tabung uji disimpan selama 5 hari dan pemerhatian direkodkan.

DAY 1 / Hari Pertama

DAY 5 / Hari kelima

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

Test Tube 1

Tabung uji 1

Iron nail coiled

with tin metal

Iron nail coiled

with copper

metal

Iron nail coiled

with zinc

metal

Test Tube 2

Tabung uji 2

Test Tube 3

Tabung uji 3

Jelly solution + Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution + Phenolphthalein

Iron nail coiled

with tin metal

Iron nail coiled

with copper

metal Iron nail coiled

with zinc

metal

Jelly solution + Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution + Phenolphthalein

Test Tube 1

Tabung uji 1

Test Tube 2

Tabung uji 2

Test Tube 3

Tabung uji 3

Pink colour

Warna merah

jambu

Blue colour

Warna biru

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(a) Based on diagram 1, Record all observations and corresponding inferences at day 5 in table 1. Berdasarkan rajah 1, rekod semua pemerhatian dan inferens pada hari kelima di dalam jadual 1.

[ 6 marks ]

Observations Pemerhatian

Inferences Inferens

Test Tube 1 : Tabung uji 1 ……………………………………………………………………….

……….……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………

Test Tube 1 : Tabung uji 1 ……………………………………………………………………..

……….…………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….

Test Tube 2 : Tabung uji 2 ……………………………………………………………………...

……….…………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………

Test Tube 2 : Tabung uji 2 ……………………………………………………………………..

……….……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………..

Test Tube 3 : Tabung uji 3 ……………………………………………………………………….

……….……………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………….

Test Tube 3 : Tabung uji 3 …………………………………………………………………….

……….…………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….

Table 1 / Jadual 1 (b) For this experiment, state:

Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:

(i) Manipulated variables.

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Responding variable

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Fixed variable

Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks ]

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(c) Write the half equation for the formation of rust in test tube 3. Tulis setengah persamaan bagi pembentukan karat dalam tabung uji 3.

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ] (d) By comparing test tube 1 and 2, state the hypothesis for the experiment.

Dengan merujuk kepada tabung uji 1 dan 2, nyatakan hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ]

(e) Referring to test tubes 2 and 3, state the relationship between the position metal from iron in electrochemical series and the rusting of iron. Merujuk kepada tabung uji 2 dan 3, nyatakan hubungan di antara kedudukan logam dari ferum dalam siri elektrokimia dan pengaratan besi.

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ]

(f) Classify metal zinc, copper and tin into more electropositive than iron or less electropositive than iron based on the electrochemical series. Kelaskan logam zink, kuprum dan timah kepada lebih elektropositif daripada ferum atau kurang elektropositif daripada ferum berdasarkan siri elektrokimia.

[ 3 marks ]

(g) State the operational definitional for the rusting of iron. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengaratan paku besi.

……………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ]

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HARDNESS OF ALLOY AND PURE METAL

8. An experiment to determine the hardness of pure copper metal and bronze is conducted as diagram below. Diagram 2 shows a weight with mass of 1 kg is released at the height of 50 cm above the steel ball bearing which is placed on top of a block of pure copper metal. The experiment is repeated three times. The experiment is then repeated again by using bronze block to replaced pure copper block. Satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kekerasan kuprum tulen dan gangsa telah dijalankan seperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu pemberat 1 kg dilepaskan pada ketinggian 50 cm di atas bebola keluli yang diletakkan di atas blok kuprum tulen. Eksperimen ini diulangi tiga kali. Eksperimen ini diulangi semula dengan menggunakan blok gangsa untuk menggantikan blok kuprum tulen.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

The diameter of each dent is measured to determine the hardness of blocks. Diagram 3 shows the dent made from each experiment. Diameter setiap lekuk diukur untuk menentukan kekerasan blok logam. Rajah 3 menunjukkan lekuk yang terbentuk dalam setiap eksperimen.

Observations on pure copper / Pemerhatian pada kuprum tulen

Experiment 1

Diameter of dent =

……………

Experiment 2

Diameter of dent =

……………

Experiment 3

Diameter of dent =

……………

Thread

Weight 1 kg

Steel ball bearing strap

with cellophane tape

Pure copper block

/ bronze

Ruler

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22 PECUTAN SPM 2015

Observations on bronze / Pemerhatian pada gangsa

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

(a) Measure and record the diameter of dent at spaces provided in diagram 3. Ukur dan rekodkan diameter lekuk pada ruang yang disediakan dalam gambar rajah.

[ 3 marks ]

(b) Construct a table to record the diameter of the dent and average diameter of dent on pure copper and bronze.

Bina satu jadual bagi merekodkan diameter lekuk dan purata diameter lekuk untuk bongkah kuprum tulen dan gangsa

[ 3 marks ]

(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ]

Experiment 1

Diameter of dent =

……………

Experiment 2

Diameter of dent =

……………

Experiment 3

Diameter of dent =

……………

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(d) State the following variables Nyatakan pembolehubah yang berikut.

(i) Manipulated variables. Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Responding variable Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Fixed variable Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks ] (e) State the relationship between the diameters of dent with hardness of metal. Nyatakan hubungan di antara diameter lekuk dengan kekerasan logam.

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks ] (f) Classify the following substance into pure metals and alloy Klasifikasikan bahan berikut kepada logam tulen dan aloi.

Aluminium Brass Manganese (Aluminium) (Tembaga) (Mangan)

Stainless steel Chromium Duralumin (Besi tahan karat) Kromium (Duralumin)

[ 3 marks ]

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PAPER 3 ESSAY

CONDUCTIVITY OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUND 9.

Ionic compound can conduct electricity in aqueous and molten states but covalent compound cannot conduct electricity in all states.

Sebatian ion boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan dan larutan akueus tetapi sebatian kovalen tidak boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam sebarang keadaan.

Using lead(II) bromide as an example of ionic compound and naphthalene as an example of covalent compound, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the electrical conductivity of molten ionic and covalent compounds.

Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) bromida sebagai contoh sebatian ion and naftalena sebagai contoh sebatian kovalen, rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekonduksian elektrik leburan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen.

Your planning should include the following aspects: Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek berikut:

(a) Problem statement

Pernyataan masalah

(b) All the variables

Semua pemboleh ubah

(c) Hypothesis

Hipotesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

(e) Procedure

Prosedur

(f) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data

[17 marks]

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VULCANISE AND UNVULCANISED RUBBER 10. Diagram 3 shows a car tyre. The car tyre is made from vulcanized rubber. Vulcanized rubber is

stronger than unvulcanized rubber. Rajah 3 menunjukkan tayar sebuah kereta. Tayar kereta itu diperbuat daripada getah tervulkan. Getah tervulkan adalah lebih kuat daripada getah tak tervulkan.

Diagram 3

Based on the statement above, plan one laboratory experiment to compare the strength of vulcanized and unvulcalnised rubber. Merujuk kepada pernyataan di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekuatan getah tervulkan dengan getah tak tervulkan.

Your planning should include the following aspects: Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) Aim of the experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

(b) All the variables

Semua pembolehubah

(c) Statement of the hypothesis

Pernyataan hipotesis

(d) List of substances and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan alat radas

(e) Procedure for the experiment Prosedur eksperimen

(f) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data

[17 marks]

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SOAP AND DETERGENT 11.

Referring to the information in the diagram above, plan an experiment to investigate the

cleaning effect of soap and detergent in hard water. Your planning should include the

following aspects:

Merujuk kepada maklumat dari gambarajah di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan

pencucian sabun dan dtergen dalam air liat. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) Problem statement

Pernyataan masalah

(b) All the variables Semua pemboleh ubah

(c) Hypothesis Hipotesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan alat radas

(e) Procedure Prosedur

(f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data

[17 marks]

Soft water is water that is used daily in our life, such as tap water, drinking water, water from river, spring water and water from lake. Hard water is water that contained a high percentage of calcium ions and magnesium ions. Soap is very effective to clean grease and oil in soft water but detergent is effective in both soft and hard water. Air lembut adalah air yang di gunakan seharian dalam kehidupan kita seperti air paip, air minuman, air dari sungai, air mata air dan air dari tasek. Air liat adalah air yang mengandungi peratusan kandungan ion kalsium dan ion magnesium yang tinggi.

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RUSTING OF IRON

12. Diagram 3(a) and 3(b) below shows the apparatus set up to study the effects of metals X and metal Y on the rusting of iron. Rajah 3(a) dan 3(b) di bawah menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk mengkaji kesan logam X dan logam Y ke atas pengaratan besi.

Referring to the information in the diagram above, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of a named X and Y metals on the rusting of iron. Your planning should include the following aspects. Merujuk kepada kenyataan yang diberi pada rajah di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan logam X dan Y yang di namakan kepada pengaratan besi. Perancangan anda mesti disertakan dengan aspek berikut.

(a) Aim of the experiment Tujuan eksperimen

(b) All the variables Semua pemboleh ubah

(c) Hypothesis Hipotesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan alat radas

(e) Procedure Prosedur

(f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data

[17 marks]

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SOLUBILITY OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Diagram 4 shows a conversation between two students about the solubility of an ionic compound in water and organic solvents. Rajah 4 menunjukkan perbualan di antara dua orang pelajar mengenai keterlarutan sebatian ion di dalam air dan pelarut organik.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

Referring to the above conversation, plan a laboratory experiment to study the solubility of an ionic compound in water and organic solvent. You are required to use one example of ionic compound, distilled water and another example of organic solvent. Merujuk kepada perbualan di atas, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji keterlarutan satu sebatian ion di dalam air dan pelarut organik. Anda dikehendaki menggunakan satu contoh sebatian ion, air suling dan satu contoh lain pelarut organik.

Your planning should include the following aspects: Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

(a) Problem statement Penyataan masalah

(b) All the variables. Semua pembolehubah.

(c) Statement of the hypothesis Pernyataan hipotesis

(d) Lists of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas

(e) Procedure for the experiment Prosedur eksperimen

(f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data

[17 marks]

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Na

+ 2-

O 2

MARKING SCHEME FOR PECUTAN SPM 2015

ATOMIC STRUCTURE, PERIODIC TABLE AND CHEMICAL BOND

1 (a) (i) Covalent Has low melting point /boiling point Cannot dissolve in water (ii) Cannot conduct electricity / volatile (b) (i)

Compound P Compound Q

Type of bonds Covalent Ionic

Type of particles forms Molecule Ion

Type of attraction force between the particles

Intermolecular force / Van der Waals

Electrostatic force

Way for the atoms to achieve the stable octet electron arrangement

Sharing the electron

Transferring of electron // sodium atom donates electron

and chlorine atom accept electron

(ii)

(iii)

N H

H

H

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(d) (i) The nucleus at the centre of atom contains 6 protons and 7 neutrons It nucleon number is 13 and proton number is 6 It has 6 electrons occupying in 2 electron shells. The electron arrangement is 2.4 with 4 valence electrons.

(ii) Both carbon isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons that is 6 protons and 6 electrons.

They have the same electron arrangement, thus they show similar chemical properties.

Carbon-14 has an extra neutron (8 neutron) compare to carbon-13 (7 neutron). The masses of the two isotopes are different, thus they have different physical

properties such as densities, melting and boiling points. (e)

Radioisotope Use

Medicine

Cobalt-60 To kill the malignant cancer cell in radiotheraphy

Sodium-24 Injected into the patient’s body detect the blood clots

Agriculture

Carbon-14 Used in investigation of respiration process and photosynthesis in plants

Phosphorus-32 Used as a tracer in investigating the rate of fertilizer absorption in plants

Industry

Sodium-24 Added into underground pipe to detect leaking in pipe

Archaeology

Carbon-14 To determine the age of fossils

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(f) (i) M is more reactive than R. Atomic size of atom M is bigger than atom R // Valence electron of atom M further than atom R from nucleus. Force of attraction between valence electron and nucleus weaker// It is easier for atom M to release electron.

(ii) Metal M : Potassium Metal R : Lithium 4M + O2 → 2M2O (iii) 1 mol of H2SO4 produce 1 mol of H2 0.05 mol of H2SO4 produce 0.05 mol of H2 Volume of H2 = 0.05 × 24 = 1.2 dm3

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

2. (a) Hdrogen gas 2H+ + 2e H2 (b)

Cell X Y

Name of the cell Electrolytic cell Chemical cell

Energy change Electrical energy to chemical energy

Chemical energy to electrical energy

Electrodes Anode: Copper Cathode: Copper

Negative terminal : Zinc Positive terminal: Copper

Ion in solutions Cu2+, SO42- ,H+ ,OH- Cu2+ , SO42- ,H+ ,OH-

Half equations Anode: Cu Cu2+ + 2e Cathode: Cu2+ + 2e Cu

Negative terminal: Zn Zn2+ + 2e Positive terminal: Cu2+ + 2e Cu

Observation

Anode: The electrode becomes thinner Cathode: The electrode becomes thicker

Negative terminal: Zinc electrode become thinner Positive terminal: Copper electrode becomes thicker

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(c) (i) 1. To improve the appearance/ to make the object more attractive 2. To prevent/ reduce corrosion/ rusting. (ii) Procedure 1. 50 cm3 of silver nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is poured into a beaker. 2. Clean the iron ring with a sand paper. 3. The iron ring is connected to cathode / negative terminal of the battery

while the silver plate is connected to anode/ terminal positive of the battery.

4. Both plates are immersed in silver nitrate solution. 5. The switch is turned on.

6. Record the observation Half equation At anode : Ag Ag+ + e At cathode : Ag+ + e Ag Observation Anode : The silver electrode becomes thinner Cathode : The shiny silver deposits on the iron ring. (d) Method : Electrolysis of silver nitrate solution Electrolyte : Silver nitrate solution Procedure

1. Pour 0.5 mol dm-3 of silver nitrate solution into a beaker. 2. Connect pure silver to the cathode and impure silver to the anode 3. Dip / immerse the electrodes into the silver nitrate solution 4. Turn on the switch 5. Record the observations

Half equation At anode : Ag Ag+ + e At cathode : Ag+ + e Ag (e) (i) and (ii)

Experiment I Experiment II

Anode becomes thinner Gas bubbles are released

Copper (II) ion Oxygen

Cu Cu2+ + 2e 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e

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(f)

Experiment I Experiment II

Chloride ion and hydroxide ion are attracted to anode during electrolysis

Chloride ion and hydroxide ion are attracted to anode during electrolysis

Product at anode is chlorine gas Product at anode is oxygen gas

The concentration of chloride ion is higher than hydroxide ion

Hydroxide ion is placed below than Cl- ion in Electrochemistry Series

Chloride ion is selected to be discharge at anode during electrolysis

Hydroxide ion is selected to be discharge at anode during electrolysis

2Cl- Cl2 + 2e 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e

Chloride ion release 2 electrons to produced chlorine gas

Hydroxide ion release 4 electrons to produced oxygen and water

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE FOR INDUSTRIES

3. (a) (i) X : sulphuric acid Y : sulphur trioxide

(ii) Fertilizer H2SO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4)2SO4 (iii) Raw materials; Nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas Mix with ratio 1: 3 // N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 Temperature = 400 – 500 oC Pressure = 200 atm Catalyst = Iron (iv) Soil becomes acidic, plant destroy pH of lake/river decreases, aquatic life die

Building damage (b) (i) 1. Atoms of substance X are arranged in orderly arrangement 2. When forces are applied the atoms in X can easily slide onto each other 3. Atoms of substance Y have foreign atoms that disrupt the orderly

arrangements of pure atoms 4. The foreign atoms prevent the atoms from slide easily (ii) 1. List of apparatus: Weights, metre rule, retort stand with clamp, string 2. List of substances: steel ball bearing, bronze blocks /[a named alloy],

copper / [its pure metal]

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Procedure: 3. Ball bearing is placed on the surface of a copper/ pure metal block 4. 1 kg weight is hung above the copper / pure metal block at a fixed height [50

cm – 2 m] 5. The weight is dropped on the ball bearing 6. The diameter of the dent on the copper / pure metal block is measured and

recorded. 7. The experiment is repeated using a bronze / alloy block. Observation: 8. The diameter of the dent on the copper / pure metal is bigger Discussion: 9. Tin atom in bronze disturbs the orderly arrangement of copper atom. 10. Tin atom reduces the layer of copper atoms from sliding over each other. (c)

Karbamida

2 x 14

12+16+2(16) x 100% = 46.67%

% kandungan N dalam Baja Ammonium sulfat

2 x 14

2(18)+32+4(16) x 100% = 21.21%

% kandungan N dalam Karbamida lebih tinggi daripada baja Ammonium sulfat (d) (i) Composite material, Adding steel rod into the concrete

(ii)

Alloy Q/brass is harder than it pure metal/copper

The presence of zinc atom in alloy Q disrupts the orderly arrangement of copper atom

These make the atomic layers of atoms harder to slide over on another

In pure metal/copper the atoms are arranged packed closely and in orderly manner.

This allow the layers of atoms are easily to slide one another

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RATE OF REACTION

1. Zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen Chemical equation : Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Ionic equation : Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2 Colliding particles : Zn and H+ ions 2. Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid calcium carbonate + water + carbon dioxide Chemical equation : CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Ionic equation : CaCO3 + 2H+ Ca2+ + H2O + CO2

Colliding particles : CaCO3 and H+ ions 3. Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + sulphur + sulphur dioxide + water

Chemical equation : Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + S + SO2 + H2O Ionic equation : S2O3

2- + 2H+ S + SO2 + H2O Colliding particles : S2O3

2- and 2H+ 4. Hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen Chemical equation : 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Ionic equation : none Colliding particles : H2O2 and H2O2

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4. (a) CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Number of mol HNO3 = (50 X 0.1)/1000 = 0.05 mol 2 mol HNO3 : 1 mol CO2 Number of mol of CO2 produced = 0.05 / 2 = 0.025 mol

Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.025 X 24

= 0.6 dm3 = 600 cm3

(b) Rate of reaction = 50 / 240 = 0.2083 cm3 s-1

Rate of reaction = 50 / 60 = 0.8333 cm s-1 (c) (i) 1. The rate of reaction of Experiment II higher than Experiment I

2. Powdered marble chip has higher Total Surface Area that exposed to collision with hydrogen ions

3. The frequency of collisions between CaCO3 and H+ ions in experiment II are higher.

4. So, the frequencies of effective collisions between particles in experiment II are higher

1. The rate of reaction of Experiment III higher than Experiment I 2. The temperature in experiment III is higher than experiment I. 3. The kinetic energy of particles/hydrogen ions in experiment III is higher //

the reactants move faster. 4. The frequency of collisions between CaCO3 and H+ ions in experiment III are

higher. 5. So, the frequencies of effective collisions between particles in experiment

III are higher

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(c) metal : Zinc acid : Nitric acid//hydrochloric acid//sulphuric acid

Materials and apparatus:

Burette, conical flask, basin, delivering tube, spatula, electronic balance, measuring

cylinder,

Procedure:

1. Fill a burette with water , invert into a basin with water, clamp with retort stand, adjust the meniscus to 50 cm3

2. Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 of nitric acid using a measuring cylinder. 3. Pour acid into the conical flask. 4. Measure 4 gram of granule zinc using an electronic balance 5. Add zinc into the acid 6. Collect the gas released (refer to diagram) 7. Start the stop watch 8. The time taken/ to collect 50 cm3 of gas is recorded. 9. Step 1 to 5 are repeated by using zinc powder

(d) (i)

1. The number of mole of acid is twice than in experiment I 2. Thus, the volume of gas is twice than experiment I. 3. The concentration of hydrochloric acid in experiment II is twice than experiment I 4. The rate of reaction in experiment II is higher. 5. Thus the graph in experiment II is steeper

Volume / cm3

Time / s

I

II

2V

V

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(ii)

1. The number of mole of acid is the same in both experiments 2. The volume of gas released is the same. 3. Catalyst copper (II) sulphate is added 4. The rate of reaction in experiment III is higher 5. The graph in experiment III is steeper

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE FOR CONSUMER

5. (a)

Jenis bahan tambah makanan Kegunaan

Preservative Melambatkan proses tertumbuhan

mikroorganisma

Flavouring Memberi rasa kepada makanan

(b)

Nama Jenis ubat Cara penggunaan

Sarah Analgesic Makan selepas makan

Suzie Psychotherapeutic Ikut arahan doktor

(c) Bahagian A : hydrophobic

Bahagian B : hydrophilic (d) Bahan dan radas:

Air hujan (air lembut), air laut ( air liat), sabun, bikar, silinder penyukat, rod kaca, 2 helai kain yang mengandungi kesan gris

Prosedur

Volume / cm3

Time / s

I III

V

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39 PECUTAN SPM 2015

1. Masukkan 250 cm3 air liat ke dalam bikar A dan 250 cm3 air lembut ke dalam bikar B.

2. Tambahkan 5 cm3 sabun ke dalam setiap bikar. 3. Kacau campuran dengan rod kaca. 4. Masukkah kain yang bergris ke dalam bikar A dan bikar B. 5. Bersihkan kain di dalam larutan sabun. 6. Bilas kain dengan air. 7. Pemerhatian dicatatkan Pemerhatian

Jenis air Pemerhatian

Air hujan (soft water) Gris hilang

Air laut (hard water) Gris kekal

Kesimpulan Sabun berkesan di dalam air lembut berbanding air liat.

SALT

6. (a) Add baking powder/sodium bicarbonate/bicarbonate soda. Baking powder produces carbon dioxide gas Add Ammonium nitrate//lime stone Fertilise//neutralise alkaline soil

(b) Salt P = Lead (II) carbonate Residue X = PbO Gas Y = CO2 Acid M = HNO3 PbO + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O (c) 1. Salt A = Ba(NO3)2 2. Salt B = Na2SO4 // K2SO4 3. [Apparatus : beaker, filter funnel, filter paper] 4. Pour [ 20-100 ] cm3 of [ 0.1-2.0 ] mol dm-3 Barium nitrate solution into a beaker. 5. Add [ 20-100 ] cm3 of [ 0.1-2.0 ] mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution. 6. Stir the mixture. 7. Filter. 8. Rinse the residue with distilled water. Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaNO3

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(d) (i) (ii) 2.5 cm3 (iii) moles of Pb2+ ions = 2.5 x 1.0 / 1000 = 0.0025 moles of I- ions = 5 x 1.0 / 1000 = 0.005 Moles of I- ions react with one mol Pb2+ ions = 0.005/0.0025 = 2 mol (iv) Pb2+ + 2I- → PbI2

RUSTING OF IRON

7. (a)

Observations Inferences

Test Tube 1 : Tabung uji 1 Pink colour formed

Test Tube 1 : Tabung uji 1 Iron does not rust

Test Tube 2 : Tabung uji 2 Blue colour formed

Test Tube 2 : Tabung uji 2 Iron rust

Test Tube 3 : Tabung uji 3 Blue colour formed

Test Tube 3 : Tabung uji 3 Iron rust

Height of precipitate / cm

Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 of

lead (II) nitrate / cm3

5.5

5.5

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(b) (i) Manipulated variable : Type of metal coiled to iron nail (ii) Responding variable : Rusting of iron (iii) Fixed variable : Type of iron nail / type of solution (c) Fe Fe2+ + 2e (d) When zinc is used, iron nail does not rust but when copper is used iron nail rust (e) The further the positions of metal to iron nail in electrochemical series the higher the

rate of rusting. (f)

More electropositive than iron Less electropositive than iron

Zinc

Copper tin

(g) When metal is coiled to the iron nail is placed in a jelly solution, iron nail rust when jelly

solution turns to blue.

HARDNESS OF ALLOY AND PURE METAL

8. (a) 2 decimal places dan mesti tulis unit cm (b)

Experiment Diameter of dent / cm

Pure copper Bronze

I

II

III

Average diameter of dent / cm

Jawapan mesti 2 decimal places (c) Bronze is harder than pure copper (d) (i) Manipulated variable : Type of metal blocks (ii) Responding variable : Hardness of metal // diameter of dent (iii) Fixed variable : Mass of weight // height of weight // size of steel ball bearing (e) The smaller the diameter of dent the harder the metal (f)

Pure metals Alloy

Aluminium Chromium Manganese

Brass Stainless steel

Duralumin

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CONDUCTIVITY OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUND

9. (a) Which compound conduct electricity in molten state, ionic or covalent compounds?

(b) Manipulated variable : type of compound Responding variable : conductivity of electricity Fixed variable : molten state (c) Ionic compound can conduct electricity in molten state but covalent compound cannot

conduct electricity (d) Materials and apparatus: Crucible, carbon electrodes, tripod stand, Bunsen burner, clay pipe triangle, connecting

wire, voltmeter, spatula, switch and battery (e) Procedure:

1. Fill crucible with lead (II) bromide solid 2. Place the crucible on a clay pipe triangle which is on the tripod stand 3. Dip carbon electrodes in lead (II) bromide 4. Connect the carbon electrodes to the battery and voltmeter 5. Turn on the switch 6. Record the voltmeter reading 7. Repeat experiment using naphthalene

(f)

Type of compound Voltmeter readings / v

Lead (II) bromide

Naphthalene

VULCANISE AND UNVULCANISED RUBBER

10. (a) To determine the strength of vulcanized and unvulcanised rubber (b) Manipulated variable : Type of rubber Responding variable : Strength of rubber Fixed variable : Thickness of rubber (c) Vulcanised rubber is stronger than unvulcanised rubber (d) Substances and apparatus:

Vulcanised rubber, unvulcanised rubber, ruler, retort stand, bulldog clip, 2 kg of weight.

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(e) Procedure:

1. Cut vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber into a same shape and size. 2. Hang vulcanised rubber using a bulldog clip to the retort stand 3. Measure the length of vulcanised rubber 4. Placed 2 kg of weight to the vulcanised rubber 5. Measure the length of vulcanised rubber 6. Released the weight 7. Measure the length of vulcanised rubber 8. Record the reading 9. Repeat experiment using unvulcanised rubber

(f)

Type of rubber Length of rubber during

the experiment / cm Length of rubber after the experiment / cm

Vulcanised rubber

Unvulcanised rubber

SOAP AND DETERGENT

11. (a) Which cleaning agent is effective in hard water, soap or detergent?

(b) Manipulated : soap and detergent / cleaning agent

Responding : cleaning effect

Fixed : hard water

(c) Soap is not effective in hard water whereas detergent is effective in hard water (d) Apparatus:

1. Basin @ Beaker 2. Oily cloth 3. Spatula / spoon

Materials:

1. Hard water 2. Soap 3. Detergent

(e) Procedure :

1. Fill a basin with hard water 2. Add 5 spoon of soap to the basin filled with water 3. Stir the water 4. Add oily @ greasy cloth to the basin 5. Scrub / wash / brush the oily stain from cloth 6. Record the observation 7. Repeat experiment using detergent

(f)

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Cleaning agent Observations

Soap

Detergent

RUSTING OF IRON

12. (a) To determine the effect of magnesium and copper to the rusting of iron

(b) Manipulated variable : Type of metal coiled to iron nail Responding variable : Rusting of iron

Fixed variable : Type of iron nail // type of jelly solution (c) When magnesium is used, iron nail does not rust but when copper is used iron nail rust (d) Materials and apparatus:

Test tubes, test tube rack, dropper, glass rod, sand paper, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution, jelly solution, phenolphthalein solution, beaker

(e) Procedure:

1. Prepare jelly solution 2. Add potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution to the jelly solution. 3. Add 5 drops of phenolphthalein solution to the jelly solution 4. Stir the mixture 5. Pour the mixture to a test tube 5. Clean magnesium with a sand paper 6. Coiled magnesium ribbon to the iron nail 7. Placed it into the test tube 8. Repeat experiment using copper strip. 9. Leave it for a few days 10. Record the observations

(f)

Type of metal Observations

Magnesium

Copper

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SOLUBILITY OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS

13. (a) To determine the solubility of an sodium chloride in water and methylbenzene

(b) Manipulated variable : Type of solvent Responding variable : Solubility Fixed variable : sodium chloride / ionic compound (c) Sodium chloride is soluble in water but not in methylbenzene (d) Materials and apparatus:

Sodium chloride, water, methylbenzene, test tube, stopper, test tube rack

(e) Procedure:

1. Add half spatula of sodium chloride to a test tube 2. Add 5 cm3 of water to the test tube 3. Put a stopper to the test tube 4. Shake the test tube 5. Record the observations 6. Repeat experiment using methylbenzene

(f)

Type of solvent Observations

Water

Methylbenzene