Peat and GHG Science- KFCP REDD+ Demonstration

Peat and GHG Science- KFCP REDD+ Demonstration

Grahame ApplegateIndonesia- Australia Forest Carbon Partnership

International Indonesia Peatland ConversationFebruary 25-27, 2013Bandung, Indonesia

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership

International Indonesia Peatland Conversation | February 25-27, 2013 | Bandung, Indonesia

REDD+ demonstration activity in the Ex-Mega Rice Project area in Central Kalimantan which aims to:•

– Develop methodologies for REDD+ in peat swamp forests – Inform UNFCCC negotiations on REDD+– Facilitate Indonesian participation in future international

carbon markets

Supported by a A$47 m commitment from Government of Australia



KFCP, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Land Cover in KFCP Site in 2010

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership Activities


1. Physical and ecological interventions (peatland rehabilitation- canal blocking, PSF nursery production reforestation, tatas blocking and alternative livelihood development )

2. Social and economic incentives3. Baseline and changes to peatland

carbon stocks and monitoring4. Governance and payment

mechanisms 5. Supporting research, M&E, and

capacity building



Component 2: Emissions Estimation &Monitoring

• KFCP GHG emissions estimation and monitoring program established and linked to INCAS.



• Develop a science-based methodology for estimating changes in forest biomass and GHG emissions from peat lands

• Apply the methodology to estimate the pattern of historical forest changes and emissions

• Develop methods to forecast the effects of REDD+ interventions (canal blocking, fire management , reforestation, livelihooods) on changes to the forest and future GHG emissions



1. Tropical peat and green house gas emissions science

2. Peatland/forest and hydrology monitoring for inputs into the greenhouse gas emissions accounting model and changes to PSF

1. Peat Science


• KFCP has undertaken a comprehensive “Review of the science underpinning a methodology for GHG accounting in tropical peat lands”

• KFCP has developed a “Framework methodology for estimation of GHG emissions from tropical peat lands in Indonesia”

• Characterisation of peat including; bulk density, moisture content and ash content and ignition probability estimates

• Determine GHG emission factors from fire in tropical peat• Develop a modelling platform to be used to establish the temporal

pattern of carbon emissions for the KFCP site and surrounding region. The approach is consistent with IPCC GHG accounting methodology

• Understand degrading peat carbon loss dynamics in peatland• Forest biomass and carbon content of peat swamp forests (disturbance

classes) including root biomass and root:shoot ratios

2. Peat & Hydrology Monitoring


Long time monitoring to evaluate the impact of hydrological rehabilitation by: • Groundwater monitoring using dipwells

over 80 km of transect – 3+ years• Establishing and monitor a series of steel

subsidence poles and elevation surveys• Regular monitoring of canal surface

water tables using stream gauges• Recording rainfall using rain gauges• Measuring temperature of top soil on the

transects• Measuring canal discharges near the

transects

Hydrological Monitoring Parameters


Parameter Instruments Type Number Instruments/Locations Methode Unit Frequency of Monitoring

Groundwater Level Dipwell 460 locations (KFCP)14 locations (MP-EMRP)41 Locations (CKPP)

Manual, Bubble Tube cm Monthly

Surface Water Level Staff Gauge, Diver Transduser

50 locations (KFCP)3 Diver transducer (KFCP),8 locations (MP-EMRP),8 locations (CKPP)

Manual and Automatic Logger

cm Monthly and every 60 minutes for 3 locations Logger-transducer

Precipitation Rain Gauge 5 locations daily measurements12 locations monthly measurements (KFCP)

Manual mm Daily and monthly

Discharge) Float 50 locations Manual, Velocity Area Method, Float

m3/sec Monthly

Peat Characteristics and Monitoring Parameters


Parameter Instruments Type Number Instruments/Locations Method Unit Frequency of Monitoring

Land (Peat) Subsidence

Subsidence Pole 68 Locations (KFCP)3 Locations (MP-EMRP)

Manual, Tape (Steel) Measure

mm Monthly

Temperature Digital thermometers At each locations subsidence pole - 0C Monthly

Elevation Water Level, Water Hose About 80 km along transect monitoring hydrology and peat and about 70 km transect additional measurements of peat depth in Block E PLG

Manual, Water level cm One time

Peat Depth Hand Auger At each site installation and Subsidence dipwell pole, 293 observation points (about 90 km long transect)

Manual, 3 replication for each location

cm One time

Bulk Density Soil Pits, Ring and Box Sample

45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200 cm

Gravimetric g/cm3 One time

Moisture Content Soil Pits 45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm

Gravimetric % One time

Ash Content Soil Pits 45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm

Loss on Ignition (LOI)

% One time

Humification Degree Soil Pits 45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm

Manual, Von Post Scale

- One time

Root / woody below ground biomass

Soil Pits 45 locations, 20 cm depth intervals to a depth of 200cm

Soil pits - One time

Lidar Survey


• Point density of 2/m2 is sufficient• Discrete return LIDAR has better

accuracy than full-waveform for topography

• LIDAR used for subsidence monitoring - 5 to 10 years, cost- IDR 18,500 /ha

• Peat dome shape for head heights for canal blocking

• LIDAR to determine DTM based on the minimum value in 100x100 m cells

• Determine extent of flooding along the Kapuas River

• Biomass determination

KFCP Experience in Peat Measurements and GHG Estimations


Comprehensive and reliable peatland data can only be obtained by:• good design, planning, work plan,

managing, and documenting data collection

• trained and experienced personnel under tight supervision

• credible and internationally accepted methodologies and practices

• SOP, guidebooks / manuals, and clear instruction on how to undertake the various monitoring tasks in the field

Relevance to Peatland Policy in Indonesia


• Peatlands difficult to get consistently good quality data-all methods and information used for policy should be verified

• Clear relation between water table depth and carbon loss from oxidation and fire in space and time- supports canal blocking to reduce GHG emissions

• Lack of elevation and reliable peat depth lead to inaccurate assumptions on land suitability and vulnerability

• Solution- Lidar and other remote sensing in combination with credible field data(bulk density, elevation for DEMs and peat loss



Documents

Peat and GHG Science- KFCP REDD+ Demonstration