Pearson Edexcel Exemplar Pack for GCSE (9-1) Geography A ......L2_Geography_A.pdf • Questions will only ever use . one. command word. • Command words are used consistently across

Pearson Edexcel Exemplar Pack for GCSE (9-1) Geography A - Paper 2 -2019

Exemplar Pack for GCSE (9-1) in Geography A (1GA0) - Paper 2 - 2019

1

Contents Page number

Introduction 2 Section A – Changing Cities – Question 1 (b)(ii) 3 Candidate answers to question 1 (b)(ii) 4 Question 1 (e) 5 Candidate answers to question 1 (e) 6 Question 1 (f)(ii) 8 Candidate answers to question 1 (f)(ii) 9 Question 1 (f)(iii) 10 Candidate answers to question 1f(iii) 11 Question 1 (g) 12 Candidate answers to question 1 (g) 14 Section B – Global Development – Question 2 (c)(i) 18 Candidate answers to question 2 (c)(i) 19 Question 2 (c)(ii) 20 Candidate answers to question 2 (c)(ii) 21 Question 2 (f) 22 Candidate answers to question 2 (f) 23 Question 2 (g) 24 Candidate answers to question 2 (g) 26 Section C – Resource Management – Question 3 (b)(ii) 30 Candidate answers to question 3 (b)(ii) 31 Question 3 (b)(iii) 33 Candidate answers to question 3 (b)(iii) 34 OPTIONAL QUESTION: Energy Resource Management – Question 4 (c)

35

Candidate answers to question 4 (c) 36 Question 4 (d)(ii) 37 Candidate answers to question 4 (d)(ii) 38 Question 4 (d)(iii) 39 Candidate answers to question 4 (d)(iii) 40 Question 4 (e) 41 Candidate answers to question 4 (e) 43 OPTIONAL QUESTION: Water Resource Management – Question 5 (c)

47

Candidate answers to question 5 (c) 48 Question 5 (d)(ii) 49 Candidate answers to question 5 (d)(ii) 50 Question 5 (d)(iii) 51 Candidate answers to question 5 (d)(iii) 52 Question 5 (e) 53 Candidate answers to question 5 (e) 55

2

Introduction Question types

A range of different question types will be used within all examinations in order to assess a variety of requirements and facilitate differentiation.

The different questions types that are used are as follows.

Multiple-choice questions (MCQ): Students are required to select the correct answer from a choice of four (A, B, C and D). A variation of this that might be used is where students are required to select two correct answers from a choice of five.

Short open response: Usually a single word, up to a couple of sentences, for between 1 and 3 marks.

Open response: Usually a few sentences or a very short paragraph for 4 marks.

Calculation: These could both be short or long, and vary in mark allocations. These question types were generally done very well by candidates this summer, therefore we will not be considering these in this session; however, the exception to this question 1f(ii), where candidates were required to calculate percentage increase.

Extended open response: Students are required to demonstrate their ability to ‘assess’ by developing extended written arguments and to draw well-evidenced and informed conclusions about geographical questions and issues. Utilises a levels-based mark scheme.

Questions ramp in demand so that question parts that require higher order thinking skills and are worth the highest marks are used at the end of each question.

Command words

Command words are defined in the specification and will remain the same for the lifetime of the specification, see page references: Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Geography A – page 43:

https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/GCSE/Geography-A/2016/specification-and-sample-assessments/Specification_GCSE_L1-L2_Geography_A.pdf

• Questions will only ever use one command word. • Command words are used consistently across our question types and mark

tariffs. Please see page 19 of the Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9-1), AS and A level Geography assessments guide, which shows how command words are linked to mark tariffs.

• The command word ‘examine’ will only be used in Paper 1, Section A for the 8-mark extended open response questions; ‘Assess’ and ‘evaluate’ may be used in all three Papers for the 8-mark extended open response questions.

• Up to a further 4 marks are available for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology in the 8-mark question at the end of Section C.




3

Section A – Changing Cities

Question 1 (b)(ii)

Comments on Question Type

This is a 3 mark ‘suggest one…’ question that targets 1 x AO2 and 2 x AO3 marks.

For these question types, it is important that candidates read the question carefully before they start to answer it. This includes making sure that they make use of the resource that is associated with the question, in this case Figure 1b, and have the confidence to apply their own knowledge and understanding to the

4

Candidate answers to question 1 (b)(ii)

Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 2 marks. The candidate has correctly suggested one reason for the differences – more trade and shops (1), and has developed this by saying, ‘so will have more earnings per person (1); no ‘double-development’ though for the third mark.

Response 2

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 3 marks. After suggesting the initial reason of ‘uneven development in the UK’, the candidate has included a ‘double-development’ here about industry and earnings for the second and third marks.

5

Question 1 (e)

Comments on Question Type This is a scaffolded 4 mark ‘explain two…’ question that targets 2 x AO1 and 2 x AO2 marks. Therefore, a ‘2+2’ response is required, rather than a list of undeveloped strategies, or one strategy with a double (or even triple) development.

6

The first of the 2 marks is warded for the identification of a strategy – and the second marks comesfrom the explanation about how this makes urban living more sustainable. There is no requirement here for the use of place-specific detail – generic answers are fine.

Candidate answers to question 1 (e) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 3 marks. The candidate has developed the point in the first section about car-sharing (1+1). In the second section, a valid strategy (green transport / electric buses) has been identified for one mark, but there is no explanation attached to this for the second mark.

7

Response 2

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 4 marks. The candidate has identifies two different strategies (park & ride and pedestrianisation) – and has accompanied each one with an explanation about why they make urban living more sustainable.

8

Question 1 (f)(ii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 2 mark ‘calculate’ question that targets 2 x AO4. Candidates are required to use the resource to calculate the percentage increase; crucuially, candidates must show their working out and write their answer to one decimal place.

9

Candidate answers to question 1 (f)(ii) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 2 marks. The candidate has arrived at the correct answer and has included the completed methodology used to do this.

Response 2

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 1 mark. The candidate has calculated the correct percentage increase (1), but there is no further mark as the methodology is incomplete.

10

Question 1 (f)(iii)

Comments on Question Type This is another 4 mark ‘explain two…’ question that targets 2 x AO1 and 2 x AO2 marks because geographical knowledge and understanding are being used to explain why Abidjan might have had a rapid population growth. Candidates are required to identify a possible reason for the population growth (1) and then develop this point through explanation (1) – and repeat for a different reason to obtain full marks.

11

Candidate answers to question 1 (f)(iii) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments

This response was awarded 1 mark.

In the first section, the candidate has identified ‘increased birth rates’ (1) – but the reason for this (people wanting to have more children) is too vague for the second mark.

In the second section, the candidate appears to misunderstand the concept of death rates – and therefore receives no further credit.

Response 2


This response was awarded 4 marks.

The candidate has identified national/international migration (1) due to work/conflict (1) in the first section. In the second section, a different reason - natural increase/high birth rates (1) due to better health care (1) lifts the answer to full marks.

12

Question 1 (g)

13

Comments on Question Type This is an 8 mark ‘assess’ question that targets 4 x AO2 and 4 x AO3 marks. Candidates are required to consider the different effects of rapid urbanisation on a named city in a developing or emerging country. 4.7c and 4.8a on the specification – and therefore it is expected that the candidate would include information about increasing inequality, housing shortages, squatter settlements, unemployment, under-employment, pollution and inadequate services. NOTE: the command word is, ‘assess’ (different to 2g), which means that the candidate is NOT required to provide a substantiated judgement/conclusion; however, to address the command word, the candidate will need to consider a range of effects (good and bad) and determine which one(s) are the most important/significant.

14

Candidate answers to question 1 (g) Response 1

15



It is a good example of a mid-Level 2 answer. The candidate has considered a range of strategies used to improve the quality of life (AO2), with some attempted use of place-specific information; however, for top of Level 2 and into Level 3, greater depth of explanation (AO3) about how these effects have broader implications.

16

Response 2

17


This response was awarded 7 marks. The response gets to the bottom of Level 3 as there is a good balance of AO2 and AO3 supported by some useful place-specific information. The reason why this response does not score full marks is because it lacks the full assessment (i.e. which is the most significant effect?) that is required in response to an 'assess' question.

18

Section B – Global Development

Question 2 (c)(i)

Comments on Question Type This is a 3 mark ‘describe’ question that targets 3 x AO4 marks. This question targets AO4 because candidates are required to describe the distribution on a graphical resource. On these types of questions, the response should be be developed but does not need to includea justification or reason.

19

Candidate answers to question 2 (c)(i) Response 1



The candidate has correctly identified Africa (1) and Asia (1) as areas with the highest percentage growth in GDP.

Response 2



The candidate has correctly identified Africa (1) and Asia (1) – as in Response 1 – but has also named a country – India/China (1) for the third mark.

20

Question 2 (c)(ii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 3 mark ‘suggest one…’ question that targets 1 x AO2 and 2 x AO3 marks. Candidates are required to provide a reasoned explanation about why certain areas on Figure 2b have had a high growth in GDP. The AO2 mark comes from knowledge and understanding about economic factors that affect development, and the two AO3 marks are awarded for the development of this via application to the resource.

21

Candidate answers to question 2 (c)(ii) Response 1



The candidate has identified a possible economic factor – FDI (1), but there has been no further development of this idea.

Response 2



The candidate has identified one economic factor – TNC investment (1) and has included a chain of explanation – more jobs / money (1) leading to more spending / higher GDP (1) for the second and third marks.

22

Question 2 (f)

Comments on Question Type This is a scaffolded 4 mark ‘explain two…’ question that targets 2 x AO1 and 2 x AO2. Candidates are required to recall geographical knowledge about advantages of community-led projects (AO1) and go on to develop this initial point with some further explanation about why this is an advantage (AO2).

23

Candidate answers to question 2 (f) Response 1



The candidate has identified two different features of community-led schemes (one in each section) – and has developed each of these points by explaining ‘why’ the feature is an advantage.

Response 2



The candidate has made the point ‘community are able to get a say’ in the first section (1) – but this has not been explained; i.e. we do not know why this is significant.

No marks in the second section as ‘quicker and easier’ is too vague i.e. than what?

24

Question 2 (g)

25

Comments on Question Type This is an 8 mark ‘evaluate’ question. Candidates are required to consider the ways that the government has improved the quality of life in a specific developing or an emerging country. This links to Key idea 5.8b on the specification – and therefore it is expected that the candidate would include information about different place-specific initiatives – either on a local, regional or national scale. NOTE: the command word is, ‘evaluate’ which means that the candidate is required to consider a range of different strategies and then ultimately provide a substantiated judgement/conclusion, either about which one was most successful, or whether the collective strategies have been successful in increasing the quality of life.

26

Candidate answers to question 2 (g) Response 1

27



The candidate has demonstrated some understanding about the issue, and has included some ideas about a range of top-down strategies (AO2). Whilst the quality of the AO2 is good (possibly top of Level 2), the AO3 content is weak (but certainly evident) – and only Level 1; therefore, applying the mark scheme holistically, this response was awarded 4 marks (low level 2 overall).

28

Response 2

29



The candidate has demonstrated accurate understanding about a range of strategies used by the Indian government to improve the quality of life – with some good supporting place-specific detail (AO2). There are also some good connections made between concepts throughout (AO3). There is also some evaluative, reflective comments through the response – and a final conclusion, something that is expected from a response to an ‘evaluate’ question.

The response does not get to full marks because it does lack some depth of explanation about the different strategies (e.g. supporting local colour would have been useful to augment explanations).

30

Section C – Resource Management

Question 3 (b)(ii)

Comments on Question Type This is a scaffolded 4 mark ‘suggest two…’ question that targets 2 x AO2 and 2 x AO3. Candidates are required to recall geographical knowledge about negative impacts of exploitation on the environment. Candidates need to interpret the trend shown by the resource (AO3) and then apply their prior knowledge and understanding to this unfamiliar context.

31

Candidate answers to question 3 (b)(ii) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 3 marks. The candidate has made a developed point in the first section about more machinery (1) leading to pollution (1). In the second section, there is a valid impact – the idea of the destruction of land for farming (1), but this point has not been developed further for the second mark.

32

Response 2



The candidate has written a developed point in the first section (1+1) about the possible impact of deforestation leading to habitat loss; also, in the second section, there is another developed point – this time about the possible cause and impact of eutrophication (1+1).

33

Question 3 (b)(iii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 2 mark ‘describe one…’ question that targets 2 x AO4. Candidates are required to describe a technique that could be used within the context of the question. This type of question is used to assess the candidate’s ability to select a geographical technique as part of an investigation – and to communicate their ideas in writing.

34

Candidate answers to question 3 (b)(iii) Response 1



The candidate has identified a suitable technique (a table) for one mark, and then developed this by describing what could be shown by this table for the second mark.

Response 2



The candidate has identified a suitable technique – a line graph (1), but there is no further description here for the second mark.

35

OPTIONAL QUESTION: Energy Resource Management

Question 4 (c)

Comments on Question Type This is a 3 mark ‘explain one…’ question that targets 1 x AO1 and 2 x AO2 marks. Candidates are required to recall one advantage of any type of non-renewable energy resource (AO1) and the provide a detailed understanding of this information through a ‘double-development’ (AO2).

36

Candidate answers to question 4 (c) Response 1



The candidate has identified an advantage of nuclear energy (emits less CO2 than oil, gas and coal) for one mark, and has developed this point for a second mark by saying that this will decrease the effect on climate change.

Response 2



The candidate has identified a suitable advantage of nuclear energy through the implication that no greenhouse gases are released through burning (1) and has extended this with a chain of explanation about the positive impact on the environment (1+1).

37

Question 4 (d)(ii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 2 mark ‘state two…’ question that targets 2 x AO3. Candidates are required to deconstruct information in the resource, and apply their knowledge and understanding about the development of solar energy. Candidates need to provide suggestions about further information that might be used to investigate whether the site shown in the resource would be suitable for the development of solar energy .

38

Candidate answers to question 4 (d)(ii) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 2 marks. The candidate has stated two valid pieces of information that would help to investigate whether the site in Figure 4 is good location for the development of solar energy.

Response 2



A common error on this question was the tendency for some candidates to simply describe what was shown in the resource; the response needs to be set in the context of additional information.

39

Question 4 (d)(iii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 4 mark ‘suggest one…’ question that targets 1 x AO2 and 3 x AO3. Candidates are required to use the the resource to identify the energy resource (solar) and identify one disadvantage of this type (AO2); after an initial point has been made, the candidate must use the information in the resource (energy resource type and/or site information provided in the photograph) and apply their knowledge and understanding about the solar energy to develop a chain of explanation (3 x AO3).

40

Candidate answers to question 4 (d)(iii) Response 1

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 1 mark. The candidate has provided some idea of ‘unreliability’ of solar energy in the responses (1) without any further explanation.

Response 2

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 3 marks.

The candidate has identified one disadvantage of developing solar power i.e. it will not work if there’s no sunlight (1) and has developed this by saying, as a result, it is unreliable (1) and therefore at night, other energy resources will be needed (1). For full marks, this chain of explanation could be developed further by suggesting that this reliance on a second, possibly more costly energy resource, could push up energy costs for consumers.

41

Question 4 (e)

42

Comments on Question Type This is another 8 mark ‘assess’ question that targets 4 x AO2 and 4 x AO3 marks. Candidates are required to consider a range of different viewpoints about the management of energy resources, and (as in the earlier ‘assess’ question in 1g) the candidate will need to determine which viewpoint(s) are the most important/significant. NOTE: Four additional marks are available in the question for the use of SPAG.

43


44



A further 2 marks were awarded for SPGST as the candidate has used a good range of specialist terms and the spelling and punctuation is used with considerable accuracy. The response was not awarded 3 marks as the paragraphs consist of a limited number of long sentences which means that some coherence is lost.

This candidate has included some views of both types of stakeholder - but with limited depth of knowledge and understanding (AO2). Nevertheless, there is clear evidence of AO2 (what is being done / what the viewpoint is) and AO3 (the 'why') in this response – sufficient for mid-level 2.

Unfortunately, there is no conclusion / attempt to ‘access’ which is the most influential / significant viewpoint; this is something that one would expect for top of level 2 / into level 3.

45

Response 2

46


This response was awarded 7 marks (+ 3 for SPGST).

This candidate has written a response that includes viewpoints by governments AND organisations, and this information is generally well balanced. Overall, the material that is linked to AO2 is strong – some good details about 'what' is being done; AO3 is also good - 'why' is it being done, i.e. reflective / evaluative comments are also what is expected of level 3.

There is a conclusion / attempt to access, but this is quite weak, therefore into Level 3 but not 8 marks.

47

OPTIONAL QUESTION: Water Resource Management

Question 5 (c)

Comments on Question Type This is a 3 mark ‘explain one…’ question that targets 1 x AO1 and 2 x AO2 marks. Candidates are required to recall one reason why variations exist between countries in the domestic usage of water (AO1) and the provide a detailed understanding of this information through a ‘double-development’ (AO2).

48

Candidate answers to question 5 (c) Response 1



The candidate has identified a reason for the difference (difference in levels of development) for one mark, and has explained why this is significant for a second mark by saying that this will influence access to white goods / washing machines.

Response 2



The candidate has identified a suitable reason for the difference – variations in development (1) and has extended this with a chain of explanation about how this can influence the domestic water consumption in developed/developing countries (1+1).

49

Question 5 (d)(ii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 2 mark ‘state two…’ question that targets 2 x AO3. Candidates are required to deconstruct information in the resource, and apply their knowledge and understanding about water usage. Candidates need to provide suggestions about further information that might be used to investigate water usage rather than simply descibe the water usage shown in the photograph.

50

Candidate answers to question 5 (d)(ii) Response 1



The candidate has stated two valid pieces of information that would help to investigate variations in water usage between countries at different levels of development.

Response 2



A common error on this question was the tendency for some candidates to just describe water usage in countries at different levels of development.

51

Question 5 (d)(iii)

Comments on Question Type This is a 4 mark ‘suggest one…’ question that targets 1 x AO2 and 3 x AO3. Candidates are required to use the the resource to identify a reason why the type of water usage (irrigation system) is used in the area shown in Figure 5 – the UK (AO2); after an initial point has been made, the candidate must use the information in the resource and apply their knowledge and understanding about variations in water usage to develop a chain of explanation (3 x AO3).

52

Candidate answers to question 5 (d)(iii) Response 1



The candidate has identified a reason for variations – climatic differences (1) without any further explanation.

Response 2



The candidate has identified one reason i.e. climate / possibility of droughts (1) and has developed this by saying that the method of irrigation shown can facilitate quicker / more even watering of crops (1) and therefore less wastage / more sustainable (1) i.e. placed in the context of the initial reason.

53

Question 5 (e)

54

Comments on Question Type This is another 8 mark ‘assess’ question that targets 4 x AO2 and 4 x AO3 marks. Candidates are required to consider a range of different viewpoints about the management of water resources, and (as in the earlier ‘assess’ question in 1g) the candidate will need to determine which viewpoint(s) are the most important/significant. NOTE: Four additional marks are available in the question for the use of SPAG.

55


56

Examiner’s Comments This response was awarded 5 marks (+ 3 for SPGST). The candidate has included some quite good AO2 material, e.g. place specific information about UK and China; however, the information about viewpoints held by organisations is less strong – overall, top of level 2. In terms of AO3, it is certainly is evident, with some attempt to assess at the end, but is clearly weaker than AO2 - bottom of Level 2

Therefore, considering the response holistically, it is placed in the middle of Level 2 (5 marks).

57

Response 2

58


This response was awarded 7 marks (+ 3 for SPGST).

This candidate has written a response that considers viewpoints held by governments and organisations. There is some excellent AO2 e.g. place specific information with the use of supporting facts and figures. The evidence supporting AO3 is also good - Level 3 - with reflective/evaluative statements throughout.

There is an assessment at the end, but this is quite weak, and one would expect something stronger for full marks.

Documents

Pearson Edexcel Exemplar Pack for GCSE (9-1) Geography A ......L2_Geography_A.pdf • Questions will only ever use . one. command word. • Command words are used consistently across