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upon a pillow, and irrigation used. A drawing of the irrigatoremployed in Guy’s Hospital was exhibited, and its advantagespointed out. The following is a classification of the injuries towhich the treatment described is especially adapted:-

1. All incised and lacerated wounds of the integuments.2. The same wounds complicated with similar injuries of the

muscles or tendons.3. Incised and lacerated wounds by which the joints are cut

open.4. Compound fractures of the bones of the metacarpus and

phalanges with severe contusion, and those accidents by whichone or more of the fingers are torn off by machinery; leaving-as in the case of the thumb, for example—more or less of thebone of that important organ exposed without any covering ofsoft parts.

5. Injuries produced by the explosion of guupowder fromfirearms, with or without shot, by the force of which the softparts are more or less lacerated, contused, and destroyed, andthe bones fractured.A discussion of some length followed, in which several mem-

bers took part. It was admitted, generally, that no exceptioncould be taken to the plan of treatment recommended in thepaper. It was not novel; but practical, and such as should befollowed by every surgeon in lieu of the old practice of strap-ping. Mr. Poland remarked that he had seen cases in which,the flexors of the fingers having been implicated in the injury,after amputation was necessary, to remove the inconvenienceof stiff members. -

PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 20TH, 1857.DR. WATSON, PRESIDENT, IN THE CHAIR.

DR. PEACOCK exhibited a specimen ofDISEASED AORTIC VALVES,

removed from a gentleman, forty years of age, who enjoyed fairhealth, and had had no serious illness till about three weeksbefore his death. He then took cold, and, living in an aguishdistrict, had an attack of ague, and this was succeeded bydyspnoea, palpitation, oedema, of the ankles, and other symp-toms of cardiac disease. Ths heart’s dulness was found in-creased in extent, and there was a loud systolic murmur heardmost distinctly at the base and in the course of the aorta. Hesoon became anasarcous, had great dyspnœa, and the pulse wasvery irregular, and he died suddenly. The body was examinedby Messrs. Beale and Williams, of Plaistow, under whose carethe patient had been, and the heart was found greatly hyper-trophied and dilated, especially the left ventricle, and theaortic valves were very greatly thickened and indurated, andin places osseous and united together, so as to form a kind ofdiaphragm, extruded across the orifice of the vessel, and per-forated by a triangular aperture. Dr. Peacock expressed theopinion that the disease most probably originated in malfor-mation of the valves, and that the thickening and indurationhad been the result of very slow change. The case was re-markable from the circumstance that, with such extensive dis-ease, the patient had presented none of the symptoms ofcardiac affection till the occurrence of the ague. The absenceof the ordinary symptoms of obstruction was referable to thegreatly increased power of the left ventricle.Mr. HoLMES presented a specimen illustrating

INTRA-THORACIC CANCER.

The patient was admitted into St. George’s Hospital on Sept.16th, being then a stout man, of twenty-three years of age.He had been a marine on board one of the ships which servedin the Baltic campaign, but had not to his knowledge sufferedin health thereby. He began to be troubled by cough lastMarch, which had increased since that time; had had

haemoptysis, and, for the previous week, dysphagia. On ad-mission, he had a tumour presenting itself above and to theright side of the sternum ; it was pulsating, and on applyingthe stethoscope over it a systolic murmur was heard ; the

pulses at the wrists were unequal in beats. He had consider-able dyspnœa, and the expectoration was frothy, unmixedwith blood. While in hospital the dyspnœa increased greatly,and he died on October 4th, apparently chiefly from thatcause. After death, the sternum, surrounding muscles, upperportions of the lungs, heart, and pericardium, were all foundinfiltrated with cancer, causing pressure on the neighbouringparts. The microscope showed oval cells, nuclei, fat, andgranular matter in the tumour.

Mr. BALDING showed a specimen ofPERFORATING ULCERATION OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS.

This occurred in a man, sixty-five years of age, who had beencomparatively well till six weeks before his death, when hebegan to be troubled by dysphagia, which increased till theday before the fatal event, when he had an attack of haemoptysisto about three pints, which recurred about twenty hours after-wards with fatal result. The constriction in the œsophagusfound on post-mortem examination would not admit more thanthe little finger. At the seat of constriction was an ulcer withelevated indurated edge, opening in the centre into a pouchabout the size of a walnut, situated in front of the oesophagus.The left subclavian artery also opened into this pouch, whichaccounted for the haemoptysis. Mr. Balding believed thetumour to present under the microscope the appearance ofepithelial cancer.On the motion of Dr. BRINTON, the president appointed a

committee, consisting of Dr. Brinton and Dr. Wilks, to examinethis specimen.Mr. MITCHELL HENRY exhibited a

TUMOUR GRO’’.T’IN& FROM THE UPPER PART OF THE HUMERUS.

The woman from whom this had been removed, had, twelvemonths before the operation, begun to suffer from what sheconsidered rheumatic pains in the shoulder; but it was not tillten months after that she observed any swelling accompanyingthem. When once it made its appearance, however, the-tumour grew rapidly, and was accompanied by excruciatingpain, and the snperjacent integument began to form adliesionsto it. Two months after its appearance she was admitted intothe Middlesex Hospital, and the urgency of the suffering in.duced Mr. Henry to remove the arm the second day after ad-mission. During the operation, it was found that the headof the humerus had been detached from the shaft by the soften.ing effect of the disease. The tumour, which was about thesize of the closed fist, was examined by Mr. Sibley, and foundto consist of ossified fibro-plastic material, but also showing,in some portions, a large number of myeloid cells., Dr. HARE then presented a specimen of

HYDATID EXPECTORATED FROM THE LUKG.

The patient had for some months laboured under symptomsresembling phthisis—cough, emaciation, and haemoptysis, butfor the first six months not distressing; he had then an attackof pyrexia, and the cough distinctly changed its character, be-coming of a peculiar hoarseness. A short time after, he ex-pectorated a membrane, about the size of a florin; subse-quently he coughed np another, about the size of five-shillingpiece, which was followed by an expectoration resembling pus,but containing particles which the patient compared to portionsof undigested nuts. Dr. Henry believed that the symptomswere caused by the presence of acephalocysts, which he hopedmight be completely expectorated. He (Dr. Henry) had notbeen able to confirm his opinion by finding the heads of anyechinococci in the expectoration: he believed that their seatwas in the left lung, from the dulness, flattening, and bronchialbreathing which he found below the left clavicle.The PRESIDENT, before closing the meeting, informed the

Society that the council had made an alteration in the regu-lations relating to the furnishing to the secretary of the com-munications of members, which were in future to be given inwithin a month after the meeting at which they were read.He also intimated, that the council had appointed a standingcommittee for the session to examine all specimens of suprs-renal capsules which were exhibited, and to report thereon, aswell as to take any other means which they might think properfor furthering the elucidation of the pathological relations ofthese organs.

Reviews and Notices of Books.Man: his Structure and Physiology Popularly Explained and

Demonstrated. By ROBERT Kaox, M.D., F. R. S. E.,Lecturer on Anatomy, Corresponding Member of the 1m.perial Academy of France, &c. With- Eight Movable Dis-sected Coloured Plates, and Five Wood Engravings.London : H. Bailliere. 1857.

. THE spread of popular education and the desire to extendthe benefits of an instruction heretofore limited to the educatedfew, led, no doubt, a few years ago, to the establishment ofvarious institutions of a popular character; to the publication