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Part 3 BUILDING CODE
MYTHS & INTERPRETATIONS
November 18, 2016
Frank Durante, RBO
Building Inspector
District of Mission
Phone 604 820 3729
Wendy Morrison, AScT, BCQ
GHL CONSULTANTS LTD
Fire Science and Engineering
950 – 409 Granville Street
Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2
Phone 604 689 4449
Fax 604 689 4419
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Copyright and Limitations
This presentation is conceptual and for educationalpurposes only. GHL takes no responsibility for application ofany concepts or interpretations in this presentation tospecific projects unless specifically retained for that project.
This presentation is intended to be presented by GHL andthese slides must not be considered complete orexhaustive. Code provisions have been generallyrepresented and may not reflect all exceptions.
This presentation is a copyright of GHL Consultants Ltd andall rights are reserved.
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GHL’s Role
To know and understand the Code.
To know and understand the fire science behind theCode.
To assist in correct application of the Code.
To develop new solutions based on fire science toenable creative safe buildings.
To understand the needs of the client and of theAuthorities and first responders.
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Frank’s Role
As a Registered Building Official:
To know and understand the Code.
To assist in correct application of the Code.
To provide impartial, courteous, fair, efficient andeffective service to the public.
To strive to increase public awareness regarding theBOABC.
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GHL Building Code Committee
Work
CP Committee (David Graham)
APEG Building Code Committee (John Buscemi)
BC Appeal Board (Frankie Victor)
City Vancouver Appeal Board (Teddy Lai)
BC Building Code Interpretation Committee (Teddy Lai)
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What is the Building Code’s
Approach To Risks ?
Buildings are subject to risks:
Code compliance ≠ no risk.
Code compliance = risks at acceptable level.
Failure will occur:
Limit it to an acceptable level.
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Objective Based Code
Establishes function and objectives.
Acceptable solution is only 1 option.
An alternative solution may be proposed provided itsatisfies the level of performance attributed to theacceptable solution.
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Objective Based Code
Appendix A, at A-3 notes that Part 3 is intended to beapplied with discretion to:
Buildings of unusual configuration.
Buildings in which processes are carried out which makecompliance impracticable.
Existing buildings, where the judgment of the AHJ isrequired - A-1.1.1.1.(1).
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The Building Code’s Building
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Reality
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Reality
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Reality
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Objective Based Code
The NRC User’s guide to Part 3 states:
“the requirements of the Code are intended to beinterpreted, applied, and enforced by reasonable and wellinformed persons using good judgment”.
This was written prior to the objective based Code.
The function statements, objectives, and intents nowprovided in the Code should be useful in guidinginterpretation.
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: Plywood backing used to attach electricalequipment must be fire retardant treated (FRT).
Fact: FRT wood is only required in unsprinklered buildingswhich fall under Subsection 3.2.6.
Combustible interior finish permitted in noncombustibleconstruction and high buildings – 3.1.5.10.(2)(typical wood flame spread rating <150)
Flame spread rating (FSR) in service rooms reduced inunsprinklered or Group B high buildings – 3.1.13.7,Table 3.1.13.7, Sentence 3.1.13.7.(2)
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: Wood is not permitted in buildings required to benon-combustible.
Fact: Wood blocking, backing, raised floors and supports,partition framing, cladding, and interior finish is permitted.
Wood blocking within wall assemblies for attachment ofitems mounted on the surface of the wall – 3.1.5.2.(1).
Raised wood floors on wood sleepers – 3.1.5.8
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Part 3 Myths
Partition walls (not loadbearing and not enclosing exits or vertical shafts) – Division A, 1.4.1.2.(1), 3.1.5.13.Depending on sprinklers and occupancy, interior walls can include wood framing.
Wood interior finish at walls if not more than 25mmthick – 3.1.5.10.(1).
Wood interior finish at ceilings if not more than 25mmthick and FSR not more than 25 –3.1.5.10.(2)(exceptions depending on area).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: Paint and wallpaper must meet the FSRrequirements of Table 3.1.13.2.
Fact: Paint and wallpaper are considered to provide thesame FSR as the substrate they are adhered to.
FSR and smoke developed classifications (SDC) forcombinations of common interior finish materials aredocumented at Appendix D, Table D-3.1.1.A.
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Part 3 Myths
Paint or Varnish not more than 1.3mm thick, or 1 layer of cellulosic wallpaper on plywood has FSR 150 and SDC 300(same values for plywood without finish).
Paint or Varnish not more than 1.3mm thick, or 1 layer of cellulosic wallpaper on gypsum wallboard has FSR 25 and SDC 50(same values for gypsum wallboard without finish).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: FRT wood is noncombustible.
Fact: FRT wood is impregnated with chemicals per CAN/CSA– O80 “Wood Preservation” that reduce FSR to 25.
Noncombustible materials have met the acceptancecriteria of CAN/ULC-S114 “Test for Determination ofNon-Combustibility in Building Materials – Division A,1.4.1.2.(1).
Materials tested to ULC-S135 and meeting the criteriastated in the Code can be used in noncombustibleconstruction buildings without limitation – 3.1.5.1.(2).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: In a 2 stage fire alarm system, activation of any 2fire alarm devices will immediately initiate a 2nd stage firealarm signal.
Fact: 2nd stage fire alarm signal occurs automatically 5minutes after activation of a device.
2 stage fire alarm system causes an alert signal to soundupon operation of any device and automatically causesan alarm signal if the alert signal is not acknowledgedwithin 5 minutes – 3.2.4.4.(2).
2 stage fire alarm can be manually operated to cause animmediate 2nd stage alarm through key equippedmanual station – 3.2.4.4.(2).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A 2 stage fire alarm system is only permitted in abuilding with 24h staff or on-site security.
Fact: The code permits the use of a 2 stage fire alarmsystem in any occupancy other than F-1.
Single or 2 stage fire alarm system may be used in GroupA, B-3 (up to 3 storey buildings), C, D, E, F-2, F-3 –3.2.4.3.
2 stage fire alarm system required in Group Boccupancies (except B-3 up to 3 storeys) – 3.2.4.3.(1)(b).
Fire department must be notified at 1st stage alert –3.2.4.8.(3).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: Every door leading to the exterior from a buildingmust be provided with a manual station.
Fact: Manual station is only required at an exit door.
Manual station to be installed:
near principle entrance to the building. at every required exit. at every egress facility that has been designed and identified
as an exit and has all the features of a required exit -3.6.3.1.(1).
Doors and stairs provided for convenience that do notinclude all the features of required exits need not beprovided with a manual station – A-3.2.4.17.(1).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: 2 exit signs must be visible from all points in a floorarea.
Fact: Directional exit signage is only required in publiccorridors and open floor areas with occupant load >150.
Every exit sign shall be visible on approach –3.4.5.1.(2).(a).
Where no exit sign is visible from either a public corridor(includes Group A and B corridors serving the public) orprincipal routes serving an open floor area withoccupant load more than 150, directional exit signage tobe provided – 3.4.5.1.(6). 23
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: Exit signs are required at every exit door.
Fact: Exit signs are only required if the exit servesspecifically described buildings. Exit signs are also requiredat room egress doors in specific circumstances.
When occupant load is >60, exit signs to be provided over egress doors from rooms in theatres, dance halls, licensed beverage establishments, and other similar occupancies – 3.4.5.1.(7).(Only when lighting levels are below that which would provide easy identification of the egress door)
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Every exit door shall have an exit sign placed over oradjacent to it if the exit serves a building which meetsany one of the following:
More than 2 storeys in height With an occupant load more than 150 A room or floor area served by a fire escape
3.4.5.1.(1)
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Part 3 Myths
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A building cannot have more than one exit lobby.
Fact: The number of exit lobbies is limited by the numberof exits which serve a floor area.
Not more than one exit from a floor area is permitted tolead through a lobby – 3.4.4.2.(1).
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Part 3 Myths
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: An interconnected floor space per 3.2.8.2.(6) is notpermitted in buildings of Group B or C major occupancy.
Fact: The restriction on occupancy applies only to the firecompartment containing the interconnected floor space,not the building.
The interconnected floor space may contain only GroupA, D, E, F-2 or F-3 major occupancies – 3.2.8.2.(6).
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Part 3 Myths
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Part 3 Myths
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A storage garage may only be used forstorage/parking of motor vehicles.
Fact: Storage of items subsidiary to the parking use is permitted.
The definition of storage garage has been revised andexpended to indicate that the primary use is storage orparking of motor vehicles – Division A, 1.4.1.2.(1).
As a subsidiary use, storage garages may also containspace for parking or storing other vehicles such asbicycles and boats - Division A, Appendix A.
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A fire separation is required at all electrical rooms.
Fact: A fire separation is not required at an electrical roomunless:
The room contains liquid filled equipment – 3.6.2.1.(5)
The equipment is required by the electrical code to be in aservice room (generally refers to liquid filled equipment) –3.6.2.1.(6)
The floor area is not sprinklered and the equipment withinthe room is essential to the operation of fire safety systems –3.6.2.1.(7) & (8).
See BOABC Interpretation 12-004132
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A kitchen exhaust duct must be located within a 1hor 2h shaft depending on building height.
Fact: Vertical shafts which penetrate 2h floors may be 1hrated and 1h floors may be 3/4h rated.
Kitchen exhaust shaft must be installed per NFPA 96except as required by 3.6.3.1.(1) – 6.2.2.7.(1).
A vertical service space shall be constructed with a fireseparation having a rating based on the floor assemblyrating – Table 3.6.3.1, 3.6.3.1.(1)
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: A membrane only ceiling which is relied upon toprovide a fire separation may not include any openings orpenetrations.
Fact: Ceiling assemblies R1, M1, and M2 in Table A-9.10.3.1.B are permitted in Part 3.
A ceiling assembly may be assigned an FRR on the basisof Assembly Number R1, M1, or M2 in Table A-9.10.3.1.B – 3.1.7.1.(3) & (4)
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Part 3 Myths
Penetration of a membrane forming part of an assemblyrequired to have an FRR shall be firestopped, cast inplace, or tightly fitted – 3.1.9.1.(1).
A membrane forming part of an assembly assigned anFRR on the basis of Sentence 3.1.7.1.(4) is permitted tobe penetrated by openings leading into ducts within theceiling space, provided the ducts are sheet steel andconform to the requirements in Appendix D –3.1.9.5.(1).
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Part 3 Myths
Myth: CO vestibule doors required weather-stripping.
Fact: Weather-stripping is only required by the Code
At doors in Group B-2 or B-3 fire compartmentscontaining sleeping rooms to retard the passage ofsmoke – 3.3.3.5.(6).
In unsprinklered buildings at doors in zones to createareas where persons with disabilities can beaccommodated - 3.8.3.19.(4)
At a door between a garage and a dwelling unit toprovide a barrier against gas and exhaust fumes –9.10.13.5.(1) 36
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
Fire Separations: Are to be constructed as a continuouselement and have a fire resistance rating (FRR) as specified– 3.1.8.1.(1).
A fire separation is not always required to have an FRR;however, the fire separation must act as a barrier to thespread of smoke and fire until some response isinitiated.
In a sprinklered building, an unrated fire separation isintended to be constructed so that it will remain in placeand act as a barrier against the spread of smoke untilthe sprinkler has actuated and controlled the fire.
Appendix A – 3.1.8.1.(1)(b)37
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
Unrated fire separations must be continuous.
Unrated fire separations may consist of studs anddrywall on one side only.
Penetrations in unrated fire separations must befirestopped, tightly fitted, or cast in place – 3.1.9.1.(1)
Closures in an unrated fire separation do not require arating; doors must have self-closing devices and latches– 3.1.8.11 & 3.1.8.13.
Ducts penetrating an unrated fire separation do not require fire dampers – 3.1.8.8.(2) & (3)[expected to change in next BCBC edition].
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
Public Corridor Fire Separations – 3.3.1.4:
With exception, a public corridor is required to beseparated from the remainder of the storey by a 45minrated fire separation – Sentences (1) & (2).
In a sprinklered storey the public corridor fire separationdoes not require a rating – Sentence (3)(except Group C or Group B-3 suites of care occupancyserved by a public corridor).
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In a sprinklered floor area where the public corridor is not relied upon to extend travel distance (i.e. travel distance from the most remote point within a suite to the exit is not more than 45m) a fire separation is not required – Sentence (4).(Does not override suite separations which are required to the remainder of the building).
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
Example 1: Sprinklered Group D storey with multiplemedical office suites where travel distance from the mostremote point within a suite to the exit stair is 45m.
Fire separations are not required between suites –3.3.1.1.(4).
Public corridor not required to be fire separated fromthe remainder of the building – 3.3.1.4.(4)
Corridor is 6m wide with 3m open waiting area in themiddle.Each medical office has a sliding glass window between thereception desk and the corridor.
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Part 3 Fire Separations / Ratings
Example 2: Sprinklered Group C storey with multiple suiteswhere travel distance from the most remote point within asuite to the exit stair is 45m.
Residential dwelling units are required to be separatedfrom the remainder of the building by a 45min or 1h fireseparation depending on floor rating – 3.3.4.2.(1) & (2).
Public corridor not required to be fire separated fromthe remainder of the building – 3.3.1.4.(4)
Walls between the corridor and residential suites rated perArticle 3.3.4.2.No walls required between the corridor and other ancillaryuse rooms (e.g. amenity space, lounge, etc.). 42
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Glass Guards
The basic requirements for guards for both Part 3 and Part 9 buildings are similar.
9.8.8.7 Glass in Guards
1) Glass in guards shall be
a) safety glass of the laminated or tempered typeconforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1-M “Tempered orLaminated Safety Glass”, or
b) wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M,“Wired Safety Glass”.
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Glass Guards
So how does a Building Official know if a glass guardcomplies?
Should we solely rely on Professionals to review andsign off on a Glass Guards?
Where do I find out what must be incorporated in aglass guard?
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Glass Guards
CAN/CSB – 12 – M89 “Structural Design of Glass for Buildings”.
The brittle nature of glass is addressed here, especiallywhen used as a structural member as in a guard. It statesthat the glass members
‘…be designed with a redundant load path. The underliningprincipal being that if one member fails a cascading orcatastrophic failure mechanism does not develop...Freestanding glass guards must have a top cap which spans overtwo or more panels and be designed to resist the factoredload after failure of alternate panels.’
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Glass Guards
ASTM E 2353 “Standard Test Methods for Performance ofGlass in Permanent Glass Railing Systems, Guards andBalustrades”.
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Glass Guards
APEGBC Professional Practice Guidelines Designing Guards for Buildings.
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Glass Guards
Does this stair guardrail comply?
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Questions?
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Thank you
Frank Durante, RBO
Wendy Morrison, AScT, BCQ
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