TIAPATAKCMlIKE M XMI10TAKCMlIKE OllHOCHE PElIEHMUE*

MKDOIIJ KOBA4EBl1Fi

Y)JK 1\08.61-561.7

1. MaJIO je xoja CIImaKClflIKa (II VOrrUITe rpaaarn-nca) resra 6IIJIa TaKO

-recr npenaer IICTpa:>KIIBalha xao llITO je TO CJIYqaj C O,llHOCHIIM IIJIlI peJIaTIIB­

HIIM pe-reaanaaa.' Y eHopMHO 6pOjHIIM panonaxa 0 O,llHOCHOj pexeaana V II

na pa3JIIIqIITlIM je3IIuIIMa,2 TemKO je II OqeKIIBaTII na HeKO mrran,e 0 pena­TIIBHIIM peseaanaua IIJIlI V Be3II C IhIIMa HIIje 6IIJIO npenner umpe pacnpase,a KaMOJIII zra HIIje HII rrocranrseao.

M3Menv mrran.a aa xoja je ncnpasnaje pehn na CV nanaojeaa aa aHaJIII3V

Hero na CV mllpe enaoopapaaa jecre II mrran.e CIIHOHIIMHOCTII XIIrrOTaKCIIq­

KIIX II rraparasca-ncax O,llHOCHIIX pe-renaua. A ClIHOHIIMHOCT 3aBIICHIIX II He­

3aBIICHIIX peJIaTIIBHIIx pe-renaua V JIIITepaTVpII ce vrJIaBHOM nesvje casro aa

T3B. O,llHOCHe pexeaaue panranaiseae CTpVKTVpe, rj, sa pexeamre V KojIIMa ce

3aBIICHa KJIaV3a O,llHOClI ira canpxcaj unjene nanpebene KJIaV3e. Ken TIIX pe­

xemrua arrreuenear 3aBIIcHoj peJIe3IIBHoj KJIaV3II HIIje, naxne, HeKII cvncraa­TlIBHII ,llIIO nanpebene KJIaV3e Hero UIIO canpxcaj 're KJIaV3e. Ilonrro Be31IBHlI

enexerrr TaKBe 3aBIICHe O,llHOCHe KJIaV3e vrrvhvje na UIIjeJIY nperxortav KJIa­

V3V (a He HeKlI n.err onpeberm ,llIIO), OH je Ha3BaH upocentueuuujantuaiuopousPeJIaTIIBHe pe-rennne C rrpoceHTeHUIIjaJIII3aTOpOM aannojeae CV II onncaae V

BeJIIIKOM fipojv c.rrOBeHCKlIX II HeCJIOBeHCKlIX je3IIKa, a rrpa IhIIXOBOM orrIICV

rro npasanv je VKa31IBaHO zra OHe IIMajv rOTOBO rrornvae CIIHOHlIMe V je,llHOM

rnrrv naparaxcasxax pexerraua. HII cep60KpoaTIICTIIKa TV aaje II3V3eTaK.

YOqeHO je TaKO zra vnorv npocearennajannaaropa lIMa aaxijenaua 1jJ.WO, xao

II TO na je raxaoj peJIaTIIBHoj KJIaV3II ClIHOHIIMHa He3aBlICHa KJlaV3a vsenenaV C.TIO:>KeHV cnojeu alu WO, O,llHOCHO alu 060 (xao nrrp.: Kpeuvo je onacnaunvrev, uituolu iuo Me 6PIIHYJ10). Y CBlIM cnvsajeamra rrpocerrremmja.raaarop1jJ.WO MO:>Ke ce cyrrcTIITYIIcaTII cnojexr alu WO, II 06pHYTO, mTO vxasvje narOTOBO norrrvrrv CIIHOHlIMHOCT OBaKBlIX 1jJ.WO-3aBlICHlIX II alu WO-He3aBHCHIIX

01lHOCHHX KJIaV3a, C TIIM na je jennna pa3JIIIKa V IhIIXOBOM rpaMaTH"LfKOM

* Pecpcpar rrpanpcscsen aa XII MCDYHapOlIHH xoarpec CJIaBHCTa y Kpaxosv 1998. rozmae.I V cepooxpoaracrana ce pasaorrpasao vnorpefcsasa H TCpMHH OOHOC/-la H TepMHH pena­

1Ii.u8Ha peueuuua. 06a TepMHHa, npBcHcTBCHO H3 CTfu"ICKHX pasnora, vnorpefin.aaano H y OBOMCpazrv, H TO xao nOTnYHe CHHOHHMC.

2 Ha "eHopMHy KOJ"IHqHHY mrreparvpe 0 peJIaTHBHHM peaenauava" vnoaopasa Kopzrah(1995: 9), xoja, y nocan aajoorsoj MOHorpa¢HjH 0 peJraTHBHHM PCqCHHuaMa, naje H KplITH%HnperJICll penpC3eHTaTHBHC -- aJIH BpJIO 60raTc -- JIHTeparype npH pacnpaBH 0 (roToBo) CBHMpC."ICBaHTHHM nHTaI-hHMa pC."IaTHBHHX peseamra.

3 TepMHH, KaKO HaBOllH KJIajH (1985: 78), npnnana R. Jackendoffu,

50 MYlJIOlli KOBALIEBYIfi

3Ha~efbV: zyiUO-KJIaV3e CV CV60p,1UIHIIpaHe a ula iUO-KJIaV3e xao fbIIXOBII CII­HOHIIMII CV xoopnaaapane KOHCTPYKUIIje.4

1.1. 3a pa3JIIIKV on MeovonHoca 3aBIICHIIX II He3aBIICHIIX peJIaTIIBHIIXKJIaV3a ~jII je anreuenenr UIIjeJIa nperxozraa KJIaV3a, a raj je MeovonHoc Hecaxo vo-tes Hero II rrOnp06HO aHaJIII3IIpaH V BeheM fipojv je3IIKa,5 - Meov­OnHOC 3aBIICHIIX II He3aBIICHIIX peJIaTIIBHIIx KJIaV3a ~IIjII je airreuenenr nexacvncraarnaaa JIeKCeMa IIJIII CIIHTarMa rOTOBO na je OCTao II nenpasrajehen VcIIHTaKcII~Koj JIIITepaTYpII. 6 Ha OCHOBV JIIITepaTYpe MOrJIO 6II ce 3aKlb~HTII

na, sa pa3JIIIKV on zyiUo-peJIaTIIBHIIx KJIaV3a, peJIaTIIBHe KJIaV3e vseneae 3a­MjeHIIuoM «oju II HeMajy csoje (TIIrrII~e) eKBIIBaJIeHTe Meov He3aBIICHIIMKJIaV3aMa. 113V3eTaK npencraarsajv nna pana? V KojIIMa CMO, V OKBIIPV paasra­Tpafba HeKIIX crreuacpaanax mrran,a He3aBIICHOCJIO:>KeHIIX pexeaaua, YKa3aJIIIII na nocrojarse He3aBIICHOCJIOJKeHIIX pexeaana V KojIIMa ce jenaa on KJIaV3aMO:>Ke cMaTPaTII CTPVKTYpHo-CeMaHTII~M eKBIIBaJIeHTOM 3aBIIcHoj peJIaTIIB­HOj Koju-KJIaV3H. A CTpVKTYpHe, ceMaHTII~Ke, CTIIJIIICTII~e II nparxara-nceKapaKTepIIcTIIKe TIIX He3aBIICHIIX KJIaV3a nocaarpaanx Kp03 cvonnoc ca pena­THBHIIM Koju-KJIaV3aMa II jecv OCHOBHII npenxer aHaJIH3e V OBOMe panv.

2. Kao lIITO je rr03HaTO, 3aMjeHHua KOjU OCHOBHII je II HajeppeKBeHTHHjIIBe3IIBHII eJIeMeHT (peJIaTIIBII3aTop) peJIaTHBHIIx KJIaV3a xoje ce onaoce naJIeKCII~H IIJIH CIIHTarMaTCKH cyrrcTaHTIIBHII aareuencirr H3 nanpebene KJIav­ae. Koju je, ztaxne, OCHOBHH peJIaTIIBH3aTop CTPVKTYpHO nepanrxnan.eaes CJIO­xcene pexemme ca peJIaTHBHOM 3aBHCHOM KJIaV30M. Kao peJIaTIIBII3aTop, sa­MjeHIIua KOjU je YBHjeK ,IlBOepVHKUIIOHaJIHa: V3 epVHKUHjV 3aBIICHor Be3HIIKaOHa VBIIjeK HMa V CTPYKTYpII 3aBHCHe KJIaV3e H epYHKUIIjV nexor CHHTaKCII~­

xor xnana (cvojexra, oojexra HJIH np.), PeJIaTHBH3aTOp KOjU V TOj ce npncvn­CTaHTIIBHoj VJI03H MOJKe xao CHHOHHMOM (V epyHKUHjH CTIIJICKe pesepse) cvn­CTHTYHcaTH cnojen Be3HIIKa zyiUo II JIH~e 3aMjeHHue V peCYMIITIIBHoj VJI03II.Pa3JIIIKa H3Meov peJIaTHBII3aTopa KOjU II CIIHOHHMCKor Be3HII~o-3aMjeHH~Korcrroja V TOMe je lIITO 3aMjeHHUa KOjU (xao H CBII 3aMjeHH~KH peJIaTHBH3aTopH)HMa H Be3HH~V II 3aMjeHH~V vnorv, nOK CV "V peJIaTHBHHM pexeaanaxaYBeneHHM noaonv zyiUoN (= HeCKJIOfbHBO, Be3HII~KO zyiUo) OBe nBHje vnorenozmjerseae - Be3HII~V lIMa zyiUON, a 3aMjeHH~V HMa JIII~a 3aMjeHHua"9(vn, anp.: To je onaj MOj npnjarers, KOla / Wiuo ia CBII unjene).

11 TaKBe 3aBIICHe peJIaTIIBHe KJIaV3e IIMajv csoje eKBIIBaJIeHTe Meov He­3aBIICHIIM KJIaV3aMa. Ta eKBHBaJIeHTHOCT (CIIHOHHMHOCT) 3aBIICHe H He3aBHCHeKJIaV3e aanpaso ce rexen,a na eKBIIBaJIeHTHOCTH enesrenara KOjII npme Be­3HII~Ko-3aMjefbHBa~v vnorv V 3aBIIcHoj II He3aBIIcHoj KJIaV3H.

4 B. HTIp.: CTeBaHoBHn (1991: 790-791), TIpaIhKoBHn (1984: 70-71); Mpa30BHh H Bvxa­llHHoBHn (1990: 363-364. H 548-549), KOBaqeBHn (1993, 1993a, 1996, 1996a: 41-94), Kopnah(1995: 148-153).

5 Illro noxaavje H KOPllHn (1995: 148-153).6 Maxorpenno aa Ih xao MorynHocT yrrynyjy Benomamcona (1977: 184) H Illsenosa (pen.)

(1980: 512).7 KOBaqeBHn (1996), KOBaqeBHn (1993), C ruM na je nocrsemsn pan npenrrannaa H y

KOBaqeBHn (1996a: 41-68).8 0 CTpyKTYPHOj (He)paIll'IJIaIheHOCTH CJIO)KeHe peseaane B. nnp. EeJIOrnanKOBa (1977:

216-227).9 KOPllHn (1995: 158).

TIAPATAKCI1l.fKE 11 XI1TIOTAKCI1l.fKE OlIHOCHE PEl.fEHI1UE 51

2.1. Ilpeua xparepajvsrv napaxcaaarsa aHaJIOrOHa penarnaaoj 3aMjeHlfUIfy crpvxrvpn neaanacne KJIay3e, CBe ce aesaaacae KJIay3e ClfHOHlfMHe KOjU­-KJIay3aMa Mory paaspcrarn y ,llBlfje rpyne, xoje penpeaenrvjv crseneha ,llBanpaajepa."

(1) Hapon KOjH BOJIM H raja KOH>C ... OKpCHyr jc «a CKUUlI-bU, a cxuiuna [~ Koja) HHKOMnofipa HHjC llOHCJIa. (I(. HCHalIMh, 49)

(2) YMecTo na nosrorrrv na ce Arapena nOTYKY, nperrvcrnhe HM cpucxe 3eAl.ibe, a one[~ Koje) cy calla jemsaa YCTaBa najeana. (Il. HCHaD:Mh, 76).

Haseneae He3aBlfCHOCJIO)l(eHe pesenane y rOTOBO CBlfM 6lfTHlfM xapax­repacrmcaaa nonvnapae cy ca 3aBlfCHOCJIO:>KeHlfM peseaanaaa C peJIaTlfBHOMKoju-KJ1ay30M. Y IhlfMa ce, HalfMe, npvra KJIay3a O,llHOCIf caao na cvncranran­Hlf zrao nperxozrae KJIa3ye xao arrrenenear (yn. tea CKuiIl1-bU, cpucxe 3eM.ibe),TaKO na If OBaKBe He3aBlfCHOCJIO:>KeHe pe-reaaue norrvr eKBlfBaJIeHTHIIX lIM3aBIICHOCJIO)l(eHIIX pesenaua IIMajy nepanrrnaa.errv CTPyKTypy. Kao If y 3a­BlfCHOj penarasaoj KJIaY31f, TaKO je If oanje y npvroj nesaaacaoj KJIay3II ca­"LlYBaHa aa arrreueneirr CIIHTaKCIf"LlKO-CeMaHTIf"LlKa epyHKUIIja. Pa3J1lfKa je canoy Ha"LllfHY sacrvnarsa Te epyHKUlfje y 3aBIIcHoj If neaanacnoj KJIaY3II. Y 3aBII­CHOj Koju-KJ1ay31f aareuezrear je vsajex 3aCTYnJbeH peJIaTIIBlf3aTopOM KOjU,TaKO na OH y TOj KJIaY3II HY:>KHO BpJlIIf je,llHY on ClfHTaKCIf"LlKlfX epYHKUIIja(cvojexra, oojexra, npIIJIOJlIKe onpenfie IfJIII CJI.). OCIIM JlITO je xao 3aCTYnHIIKarrrenezterrra ClfHTaKCIf"LlK1f "L"[JlaH saaacne KJIay3e, peJIaTIIBII3aTOp KOjU je IICTO­BpeMeHO, 6y.uynlf na nacrvrra II y epYHKUlfjlf aasacaor nesmrxa, II BepIIepIIKa­TOp rpaaamnxor saaseaa cvtiopnanaunje 're KJIay3e.

11 y aHaJIOrHHM aanenenmr He3aBIICHlfM KJIaY3aMa ca-rvnaaa je CIIHTaK­CIf"LlKO-CeMaHTIf"LlKa epyHKulfja aa arrreuenerrr. Y rrpsoxr (1) rrpavjepv sacrvna­Ihe aareuezrerrra ocrsapeao je IherOBOMpeutuepauujosc (nonann.arsesr) y,llPy­roj KJIay31f, a y npvroa (2) npanjepv IherOBOM upououunanusauujou (rj.vnorpefiox aaacpopcxe 3aMjeHlfue YMjecTo cvncraaranaor anreueneara). 113­60p II3Meny penrepauajcxor (1) If npOHOMlfHaJIHOr (2) 3acTYnHIIKa arrrerre­neara y OBlfM KJIay3aMa y cpncxosr je3IIKy je epaKyJITaTIIBaH, II no npaBIIJIyje YCJIOBJbeH CTIIJICKIIM pa3J103lfMa.

OCHoBHa paanaxa 1f3Meny Koju-KJIay3a II OBIIX (1-2) He3aBlfCHIIX KJIay3ajecre ynpaBo y IhlfXOBOM rpaMaTII"LlKOM 3Ha"LleIhY: OHe ca KOjU YBIIjeK cy cy6­opnaaannjcxe, aOK cy aasenene (1-2) KJIay3e xoopnnaannjcxe a scpncpaxa-

10 Ilpnnjepe xoje HaBon:HMO y OBOMC panv eKCUCpnHpaJIH CMO H3 crsenehax msopa: 11BOAnnpah, Ilpoxneiua aenuja, E11r3, Beorpan, 1990; Maraja Eehxosah, KOC060 - uajcxyiin;«cpiicxa pe«, .Fnac npxse", BaJbCBO, 1989; Panocnas Eparah, Ciupax 00 3601-la, CK3, Eeorpan,1991; MHpOjC BYKOBHh, la-Tapa, YHMPEKC, Iloztropana, 1996; I(parOCJIaB MHXaMJIOBHh, Kao0' ueeiuane wUK6e, Marana cpncxa, HOBH Can, 1990; no6pMJIo HCHan:Hh, Pouau 0 Otncnutty,Hapozma KH>Hra, Eeorpan, 1990; )KHBOjHH IlaBJIoBHh, Lluiancxo ipoiine, Pan, Eeorpazr, 1990;HOBHua IleTKoBHh, 00 cP0pMa.llU3Ma «a ceuuoiiiuuu, EMr3, Beorpan, Jen:HHcTBO, IlpHUITHHa,1984; Merna CCJIMMOBHh, 3a It apotuue BYKa, EMr3, Eeorpan, 1983; MHpOJby6 M. Crojanosnh,POOOC.Il06, KH>H)J(cBHe HOBMHC, Eeorpan, 1991; MMJIorn UpH>aHCKH, Ceo6e 1, EMr3, Eeorpan,1987; MMJIorn UpH>aHCKH, Ilpyia toeuia Ce06a, EMr3, Eeorpan, 1987; Eororsvti IIlHjaKoBHh, 3001-1UO.1UWUKOI-I, YHMPEKC, Ilonropaua, 1994; 3aTMM H3 nenjersamca HUH, Eeorpan; H, na xpajv,H3 n:HCBHMX HOBHHa: S.Il uu , Beorpan; Ileuoxpaiau]a, Eeorpazr; Beueptee 1-I060CWU, Eeorpan; HaiaaBopoa, Eeorpan; Ilotijeoa, Ilonropnua H Tlonuiuuxa, Eeorpan.

52 MI1J10111 KOBA 4EBl1fi

TOp TOr aaasersa xoopnanauaje jecre Be3HHK a KOjH .nOJIa3H aa noxerxvHe3aBHCHe KJIay3e YBHjeK npaje penrepannjcxa HJIH npOHOMHHaJIHO sacrv­TIJbeHOr airreuencara. He3aBHCHOCJIO)l(eHe pexenane onora THna (1-2)CrpyKrypHO cy aHaJIOrHe CJIO)l(eHHM peseaanaaa C Be3HHKOM WUIO H pecvxn­THBHOM 3aMjeHHuoMII y CrpyKrypH peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e. Jep, xao llITO je, Cjenae crpaae, Be3HHK willo y TaKBHM 3aBHCHOCJIO)l(eHHM pcxenauava casroHOCMJIau rpaxarnsxor saaxea.a cy60P.D:HHaUHje, TaKO je H Be3HHK a y nase­.neHHM He3aBHCHOCJIO)l(eHHM HOCHJIau rpaaarasxor saasersa xoopnaaauajenpvre KJIay3e, H, C .npyre crpane, xao IIITO ce Be3HHK Willo He MO)l(e vnorpn­je6HTH (H3BaH cvojexarcxe n03HUMje) 6e3 pecyMnTHBHe aaxjeaaue xao aa­CTYTIHHKa aareueneara y saaacaoj KJIay3H, TaKO ce HH Be3HHK a y OBOM 'rnrrvHe3aBHCHHX KJIay3a He MO)l(e vnorpajeonra 6e3 "peCYMTITHBHOr" (pearepaunj­cxor HJIH TIpoHOMHHaJIHor) 3acryTIHHKa aareneneara y TOj neaanacaoj KJIay­3H. Pa3JIMKa M3Meby KOHKypeHTHMX willO-KJIaY3a H a-KJIay3a caao je naxne yrpaMaTHqKOM 3HaqelhY cvoopnaaanajc (willo) H KOOp.D:HHaUHje (a) xoje jeHMaHeHTHO HaBe.neHHM Be3HHUHMa.

2.1.1. Haxo cy no crpvxrvpaoxr yCTpOjCTBy rOTOBO nozrvnapae, He3aBM­CHe peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e pnjerxo ce xan Mory cyncTHTYHcaTH Willo-peJIaTHBHMMKJIay3aMa, jep ce y3 peJIaTMBHH Be3HHK Willo He MO)l(e pearepanajcxa Herocaao npOHHMHHaJIHO YKa3HBaTH na aareuenear; a HH C pecyMTITMBHOM aaxje­HHUOM xao 3aCTYTIHHKOM arrreneneara Be3HMK Willo H Be3HHK a najseurheHHCy cvncnrrvetrra jep y3 Willo .nOJIa3e casro fiecnpajennourxa (H TO eHKJIM­TH"tIKH) 06JIMUH peCYMTIrnBHe 3aMjeHHue y epyHKUHjH (HH).D:HpeKTHOr 06jeKTa,.nOK y3 a najsemhe .nOJIa3H rrvaa 06JIHK 3aMjeHMue y npHjeMoIIIKMM H 6ec­npHjeMoIIlKHM epopMaMa H y CBHM CHHTaKCH"tIKMM epyHKUHjaMa.

3aTO ce TeK y pHjeTKHM npnjxepaaa, KaKaB je crseneha (3), MO:>Ke OCTBa­pMTH cvncrarvnaja He3aBHCHe 3aBHCHOM WillO-KJIay30M:

(3) 11 nopen napa, a HMao ia je nanperer, [~ wwo ia je HMao narrperex], H KfhHre xojeje nonapao CBOjHM 4HTaOUHMa, nocnemsc romme )KHBota 6HJIe cy My HeBeCeJIe Hnecpehae (Ilomrraxa, 29054, 5. 9. 1994, 16: Baca IIaBKoBHh).

Haseneae He3aBHCHe KJIay3e, aa pa3JIHKy on willO-KJIaY3a, YBHjeK cy aa­MjelhHBe Koju-KJIay3aMa, C ruM na ce .rana 3aMjeHHuoM KOjU cvncrarvanre HBe3HHK a H pearepanajcxa HJIH npOHOMHHaJIHH 3acryTIHHK anreneztetrra:

(4) Y je)lHOM ce CBH cnazcv - TO je jenaa 011 najvxcacaajnx parosa, a HHje ux 6HJIO MaJIOy HCTOpHjH Eamcaaa [~ KOjUX HHje 6HJIO MaJIO Y HCTOpHjH Eamcaaa j (Hama Bopoa,163, 13. 7. 1995, 11); 3a <rnPCT can rpefia cnoxoj, a y fhHX je ciioxoja najaarse [~

Kola je y fhHX aajaarse] CU. Heaanah, 2); Crajao je aa jezraoj OOaJIH, a otiana je oHJlaon xasretra [~ «oja je OHjla on xaveaa] (M. Ilprsaacxa, llpyra KfhHra Ceooa, 517);HHKO HeMa npaso na cnpesaaa MYCJlHMaHe, a OHU [~ KOjU] npencrasrsajv orposmvBehHHy CTaHOBHHlIlTBa y TypCKOj, na acrrorsanajv csoja sepcxa ocehan,a (IIoJIHTHKa,29306, 23. 5. 1995, 4); Onvsex aacrvnav Te3Y na UCHe Mopajy 6mH HH)Ke H na MopaMoHMaTH sehv notiar, a eeha oo6uw [~ Koja] ce MO)KC ocrsaprrra casro BehHM npoxe­TOM (IIoJIHTHKa, 29178, 12. 1. 1995, 1) nm,

11 "Ta JIH'IHa 3aMjeHHUa Ha3HBa ce pecyMfiwU6HOM jep je fheHa jemraa vnora na y pena­THBHOj pesemnm 'peamorpa' ¢YHKUHjy H 3Haqefhe aareneneara" - Kopnah (1995: 158).

nAPATAKCHl.JKE H XHnOTAKCHl.JKE OlIHOCHE PEl.JEHHUE 53

Pa3JUIKa ll3Menv nesaaacaax II peKOHCTpYllCaHliX aasacaax penaranaaxKJIaV3a, KaKO ce sana, CaMO je V rpaMaTJIliKOM 3Ha"tleav cvoopnaaannje (xojenonpaavaajesa savjeaana KOjU) II xoopnanauaje (xoje rronpasvaajesa Be3­HliK a).

2.1.2. To, MenYTllM, He 3Ha"tllI Hll na ce CBaKa penarasaa Koju-KJIaV3aMO)J(e 'rpaaccpopaacara V He3aBliCHY KJIaV3V onora rima, HllTli na ce CBaKaaeaaaacna KJIaV3a onora THrra MO)J(e rpanccpopaacara V peJIaTllBHY KOjU­

-KJlaV3V·Taxo 3aMjealiBocT aanacne Koju-KJIaV3e He3aBliCHOM 3aBliCH II on 'rora

na JIll je Koju-KJIaV3a pecrpaxrasaor ann nepecrpmcraanor Tllna.12 HaHMe, C063llpOM aa TO na JIll ce peJIaTllBHOM 3aMjeHlluoM penvnnanapa llJIli MO.n:H­epllKvje CeMaHTJIliKll orrcer peepeperrra V aareuenerrrv, CBe ce saaacae pena­THBHe pe-reaaue .n:HjeJIe na aepecrpmcrasae (KO.n: KOjHX je cesranrasxa oneerpccpepeara V aareuenerrrv nonvnapaa ca CeMaHTll"tlKHM oncerox 3aMjeHllue)II peCTpliKTHBHe (KO.n: KOjHX je cexatrra-nor oncer aavjeaane V)J(ll on ceaaa­Tll"tlKOr orrcera aareuenearaor pecpepeara). M3Menv Ta nsa ceaaarasxa ranapeJIaTHBHllX aasacaax Koju-KJIaV3a cauo cy nepeciupuxtuuene KOHK);peHil1HeHe3aeUCHUM OdHOCHUM K/laY3GMa, jep je KO.n: He3aBHCHliX peJIaTllBHHX KJIaV3aceMaHTll"tlKli oncer pearepauajcxor llJIli npoHOMHHaJIHOr 3aCTYnHllKa arrreue­nearavaajex nozrvnapaa ca CeMaHTH"tlKHM oncerox arrrcueneirra. PeCTpHKTllB­HOCT ce, naxne, aaxaaa He MO)J(e 06llJbe)J(HTli O.ll:HOCHOM He3aBHCHOM KJIaV30M(vn.: To je xosjex KOjU MU je iiocyouo noeau; aJIH He a: "To je xonejx, aontuoeje« MU je uocyouo uoeaus. C npvre crpaae, V epVHKUlljH sacrvmraxaarrreneneara on 3aMjeHHua ce He jaarsajv casro JIll"tlHe Hero TO Morv 6llTHnpacsojue (MOj, nam, Balli, II np.), all noxaaae, II TO KaKO rrpensrerne noxasae(onaj, raj, oaaj), TaKO H xaxsohne noxaaae 3aMjeHllue (OBaKaB, TaKaB, OHa­KaB). Kao aaacpopcxa cvrrcrtrrveimr, rj. xao sacrvmrana arrreuenerrra VCTPVKTYpli He3aBHCHe penarasne KJIaV3e, OBe aaxjeaaue - 6e3 oosapa na JIHCV vnorpajeorsene caxe HJIH V cxnorrv CvrrCTaHTHBHe caararxe - CBOjOMCeMaHTHKOM npenonpebvjv H300P rana 3aMjeHllue xao penarnaaaaropa VeKBHBaJIeHTHoj saaacaoj KJIaV3H.~

2.1.2.1. YKOJIHKO je aaacpopcxa cyncTHTYeHT rrpenxeraa nOKa3Ha 3aMje­naua, cava llJIH V CKJIOrry cvncrarrrnaae CHHTarMe xao sacrvrraaxa arrreue­neara, oaaa je seaaa-nco-aaacpopcxoa .n:lljeny He3aBHCHe KJIaV3e CHHOHliMaHpeJIaTllBll3aTop KOjU:

(5) KOCOBO je liMe aa aanrv aefiecxv oTau6HHY, a illy oiIlal!-6uHY [~ KOjy] MO)l(eMOlury6mH caxo .rxyxOBHHM caMoy6HcTBOM (M. Behsoaah, 27); Haxora HHje 6lUIOOCHM, paavxe ce, CH6HHa, a iIlaj [~ KOjU1je crajao, BHCOK H norvpea, noravre rrrasexao jacrpef KOKOIUap (ll. Heaazmh, 33) H en,

2.1.2.2. AKo je V caCTaBV aaacpopasxor 3aCTynHHKa arrreuenerrra nexanocecasna 3aMjeHHu;a HJIH nax nexa JIH"tlHa 3aMjeHllua V arpaovrcxoj epVHK­UHjH, oana je cexaarnsxa eKBliBaJIeHT Be3HHKV G II TOj rrocecasaoj 3aMjeHllUlipeJIaTllBH3aTOp uuju:

12 0 rOTOBO CBHM naraaaxa peCTPHKTHBHOCTH H HepeCTPHKTHBHOCTH penarasae pexenaueonIUHpHO rosopa Kopnah (1995: 60-175). .

54 MvL10lil KOBA4EBl1fi

(5a) Y HapoZJY y KOMe cy naMeTHH n04HHH,'IH TOJIHKe rrvnocrn jeJlHHH CHMa MHHyTHHO­BHO Ba:>KH xao JIYnaK, a oo ueioeoi [~ od l.fujei] J'YnH"1a naje 6HJIO HHKaKBe IlITeTe(Marnja Eehxoaah, 0 I-herorrry, Fnac upxae, Illaoan, 1988, crp. 10-11); CHMYJIaIlHjanajanora, a neu [~ l.fuju] vsop MO:>Ke na 6yne HneaJIH30BaHH nJIaTOHOBCKH najanorxao J1HTepapHH MeJlHjYM onnrre CarJIaCHOCTH ca COKpaToM, vxana paamncv a THMC Hv-recmnce nnjanora (E. IIlHjaKoBHo, 144-145); Maora npHroBopH BYKY, a HCXOnHW­ra cy UM [~ «uja cy ncxonaurra] pa3.1HQHTa, QeCTO cy aeonpaanaan (M. CeJIHMOBHh,109) H CJ1.

2.1.2.3. YKOJIliKO ce xao sacrvrranx aareueneara y neaanacaoj KJIay31Ijanrsa xaicsotura nOKa3Ha 3aMjeHlIlia (caaa lIJIli y CKJIony cvncratrranae ClIH­rarxe xao sacrvnamca), OH):(a je raxsoj aeaasacaoj KJIay31I eKBliBaJIeHTHaaanncna KJIay3a C peJIaTlIB1I3aTopOM «axae:

(56) rJIaBHa npHMen6a KOaJIHIlHje ,,3ajeJlHo", a iuaxea upuueotia [~ KaK8a] He nOJla3H HHon jenne npvre KOaJIHIlHje HJIH crpaaxe, HaKO cy y HeKHM OnllITHHaMa H npvrecrpamce OCBojHJ1e BJIaCT, jejcre] WTO ce H360PH noaasrsajv na onpebeaou 6pojyMeCTa (ITo,'IHTHKa, 29849, 24. 11. 1996, 15); Yrnenaure TOMa3JIYK, a TOMa3JIYK iisaxeoiia [~ KaK8oia] y KpajHHH HeMa PIC ITaBJIOBHO, 38) H CJI.

2.1.2.4. AKo je nax y aareuenerrrv nexa JIeKCeMa lIJIli ClIHTarMa C Mje­CHlIM, O):(HOCHO BpeMeHCKliM 3Haqel:beM a y aaacpopa-ncov cvncrarvearv aexa3aMjeHlIlia lIJIli 3aMjeHlI~1I npanor C nplIJIOIIIKoo):(pe):(6eHoM epyHKUlIjOM,onna je Be3HlIKY a 1I TOM aaacpopa-ncoa 3aCTynHlIKy eKBliBaJIeHTaH npllJIOIIIKlIpeJIaTHB1I3aTOp ioje aa MjecHo, O):(HOCHO xao aa BpeMeHCKO aaaxerse peJIaTlIBHeKJIay3e:

(5B) Ilobeu nOJIaKO, K.'bYIlHeM ra nsa-rpa rrvra zrapexroa y QeJIO - a OH je wy [~ idjeje OH] OCeTJbHB KOJIHKO H 6mOH (II. MHXaHJlOBHh, 27); on 1959. rOJlHHe no nanac, awada [~ Kada] ce Hncnrrvr y Bopv rne caM panao 6aBHo OBOM np06JIeMamKOM,HHKana HHCMO vcnemr na yTBpnHMO rrpasv ueav xonrrassa pvne ¢oc¢aTa (ITOJIHTHKa,29244, 19. 3. 1995, 11) H CJI.

2.1.3. Kao IIITO Hli CBe aanacae peJIaTHBHe Koju-KJIay3e HliCY CynCTlITY­eHTHe He3aBliCHliM KJIay3aMa paasrarpaaor rana, TaKO Hli CBe neaaaacac on­HOCHe KJIay3e He Mory 6HTli 3aMlIjel:beHe 3aBliCHliM YBe):(eHlIM 3aMjeHlI~lIM

peJlaTlIB1I3aTopHMa. Hajnpnje - 1I3 rpaaarnsxax paanora, Hamre, nexa rpa­MaTHqKa orpaan-reaa xoja lICK.lb~jy vnorpeov 3aMjeHlI~or peJIaTlIB1I3aTo­pa, He lICK.lb~jy ocrnapeise peJIaTHBHe neaasacae KJIay3e. Taxo ce anp.penarnsasaropa KOjU 1I xaxae ca CBOjlIM aHTeue):(eHTOM Mopajy cnarara ypo.nv 1I 6pojy, nOK TO cnararse nnje Hy)l(HO 1I3Me15y aarenenerrra 1I aaacpo­pHqKOr pearepauajcxor llJIll npOHOMliHaJIHOr 3aCTYnHlIKa y neaasacaoj on­HOCHOj pexenaua, na ce y TaKBliM cnvxajesaaa aa aapaxcasarse peJIaTlIBHOCTlilICKJhyqyje aasacaa 1I xao jenaao Moryna HaMene He3aBHCHa peJIaTlIBHa pe­-remnra, xao nnp.:

(6) JOBaH fiapanos je on OHHX JbynH KOjH ce ca CBaKHM CBOjHM uooyxeaiuou, a OHU cyH MHorocTpYKH H fipojan, vnvnrrajv y pacrepasarse OHe npoBHHIlHjaJIHe MarjIe HaBH­xa H yCTaj&10CTH (IToJ1HTHKa, 29785, 21. 9. 1995, 24: BHJla Ortsenosah); Ilpaje cenaveujexoea - a euje« TH je y JbyncKoM :>KHBOry xparax xao naH - CYK06Hwe ce[BOjCKC] na Fara-ncov nOJbY (P. Eparah, 170); ITocJIe "o6yxBaTHHX" paiuoea, a iuaxae

OAPATAKCl14KE I1 Xl100TAKCl14KE OJ1HOCHE PP-IEHI1UE 55

cy y npaauarrv BO;:m:JIli XpBaTII li MYCnliMaHli BliIIIC on ronanv nana, y ztpvroj ¢a3lice HaCTaB.Jba ca KOPCKTliBHliM axunjaxa (Tlo.mrraxa, 29068, 19. 9. 1994, 7) li en,

2.1.3.1. OClfM 'rora, 3aMjeHIf"tfKH pcnarasaaarop He MO)Ke aa ce6e neaana­TIf najenan ClfHTaKClflIKH nonpebena -maa, HlfTIf MO)Ke 6HTIf nojaxan IfHTeH­

3mlmKaTopoM, ,lIOK aaacpopa-nor sacrvnnaun arrrenenerrra y aeaaaacnoj O.IJ,­

HOCHOj pexcnana Mory 6lfTIf If ClfHTarMaTCKIf nponrapena If arrremncpaxo­BaHIf, TaKO .IJ,a Hlf y TlfM cnvsajesaaa 3aMjeHa neaasacne 3aBlfCHOM O)),HOCHOM

KJIay30M naje Moryna, liITO norspbvjv If crseneha npaajepn:

(6a) I1 KOH., a ~{apCKU KOH> My je OCTao on ona, nacrasa na 6lipa no MpaKy, na li3 H.eraxao li3 finara li3BJlatrn li orrer OKOMliTO cnYIIITa xornrra (M. Crojanoaah, 34); Tacpencrsa, a U OHa cy reunco nabeaa, HliCY llOBO.JbHa Hli sa Mjeceu nana sa CBeKOpliCHHKe 6yuCTa (HI1H, 2254, 11. 3. 1994, 27) li en,

2.1.4. Ma.IJ,a 6H If caMIf OBIf cnvxajesa aenorvhaocra cvncrnrvunje He­

aanacnax aanacaaa KJIay3aMa MOrJIIf 6lfTIf .IJ,OBOJbaH pa3JIOr nocrojaa.a If vno­

Tpe6e nesasacanx O)),HOCHlfX KJIay3a, "t.{lfHIf ce .IJ,a nnax TO HlfCY najfiarnajapa3JI031f lhlfXOBe vnorpefie. HalfMe, If y Me15yc06HO cyncTHTYeHTHlfM npavje­paxa 3aMjeHa aeaasacae 3aBlfCHOM KJIay30M -recro OCTaBJba CYMlbY y nOTnyHY

eKBlfBaJIeHTHOCT (ClfHOHlfMHOCT), nocefino y nornenv nO.IJ,y.IJ,apHOCTIf CTlfJIIf­

CTIf"t.J:KlfX KOMnOHeHTIf aaaxea,a.To ce napo-nrro O.IJ,HOCIf na neaasacne peaenane C nOHOBJbeHlfM arrre­

ue.IJ,eHTOM (rj. C perrrepanajox atrreuenerrra y O.IJ,HOCHOj KJIay31f), xoje cy

MHoro eKcnpeclfBHlfje O.IJ, KOHKypeHTHHX IfM 3aBlfCHOCJIO)KeHlfX pe"tfeHlfua C

peJIaTlfBHOM Koju-KJIay30M, lIITO je rOTOBO caxo O"t.{lfrJIe)),HO y CJbe.IJ,enlfM rrpn­

MjeplfMa:

(7) Y UPHY ropy je Morno crara casro jemro. To jemro je 6liO jesus; a y jesuxy [~ yKOMe] je 6lino CBe: li KOCOBO, li KOCOBCKa Mlicao (M. Eehxosnh, 52); Cpncxn aaponje napon 6yHa, a 6yHe [~ Koje] onncvjv npOlIJ.JIOCT (M. Behxoaah, 61); YOCTa.l0M lixan 6li ra 06Y3eno caacanene, a caxcanene [~ Koje] ra je 06y3liMaJIO liCTO TaKOnnaxo, nocrre .JbYTH.e, li oana 6li )Keneo na C H.liMa one HeKYll, narse on osor )KliBOTali on oaor xpaja (M. UpH.aHCKli, Cc06e 1, 93); KOCOBO je najoon,e aanaxhena 60j yCpUCKOj uciuopuju, a uciuopuja [~ Koja] He jawrn HH na ra je 6liJl0 (M. Eehxosah,19) nrn,

3aMjeHa neaaaacne 3aBlfCHOM KJIay30M, KaKO ce If 1f3 HaBe.IJ,eHlfX npaxije­pa BIf.IJ,If, 6lfTHO Mlfjelha CTlfJIHCTIf"t.J:Ky npajenaocr CJIO)KeHe pexeaane. CTlfJIIf­

CTIf"t.J:Klf je aevnopenaao vrrexarrsaaaja aesaaacna O.IJ, saaacne penarasae KJIa­

Y3e y OBlfM cnvxajeaaxa, jep ce aHa.IJ,lfnJI031f"t.J:KlfM nOHaBJbalbeM l3 nojau y

aHTeue.IJ,eHTY nOCe6HO acraxe, OH aa ce6e npevaana (npnanasn) eMepaTlfqKIf

axueaar, a raj axueaar He MO)Ke 6lfTIf aa KOHKypeHTHOM 3aMjeHIf"t.J:KOM peJIa­

TlfBH3aTOpy jep OH vsajex y aaaacaoj penarnaaoj KJIaY3H IfMa nparMaTIf"tfKy

epYHKUlfjy CTlfJIHCrn"t.J:KH aeaapxapane aies«.

13 0 CTIIneMaTWIHOCTH li CTHJ10reHOCTli cTpYKTVPa ca aaanannoaoa B. y Kosavesati (1995:151-160).

56 MI1.10W KOBAlfEmm

PeJIanIBHllM Koju-KJIay3aMa 3aTO cy ceaarrravxo-cranacrauxa MHOrO

6.m·DKe nesaarrcne KJIay3e C rrpOHOMllHaJIll30BaHllM Hero OHe C pearepaunj­CKllM aHaepopllqKllM aarenenerrrox.

2.1.4.1. JOIII jenan CTHJIllCTllqKll paanor MO:>Ke y onpebemnr KOHTeKCTHMa

npenonpemrrn vnorpeov neaanacae on:HOCHe KJIay3e, a TO je pa3JIOr ciiiu.iu­CWllLtKOl pasjeonauaeau.a (rj. cranacra-ncor ll36opa). Penarnana 3aMjeHllua

KOjU je, y3 Be3HllK oa, jeznro on najcppexserrrnajax seaanaax cpencrasa y

cpncxoxr je3llKy,14 TaKO na ce y BllIIIeCTPYKOCJIO:>KeHllM pe-renauasra y KojHMa

je norpeono BHIIIe rrvra rroaosarn peJIaTllBH3aTOp «oju TO noaaan.aa,e ll36je­

rana vnorpefioa epopMe nesaaacne penarnaae pesenaue, xao IIITO je TO CJIy­

-raj y napenamr rrpaujepaaa:

(7a) Onxax 3aTHM yCJmjeJJ:HO je y,ilap 00 KOla ce xvna pacnana xao na ce 0 THKBH pazm,A /13 !-bE [~ U3 Koje] je 6YKHYo Mon:ap nnauea KOjU je y TOj MarnH njenosao 3aHCTaCa6JlaCHO (M. BYKOBHO, 63); 11 nopen llapa,A HMao FA je [~Kola jc HMao] nanperex,H KFbHra «oje je nonapao CBOjHM qHTaOUHMa, nocnemse romme :>KHBOTa 6Rne cy MyHeBeCCJle H necpehne (ITonHTHKa, 29054, 5. 9. 1994, 16: Baca ITaBKOBHh); TOM rrpe­cyllOM crsapa ce aa rvxcaona y vnpasaoj CTBapH xoja jc npemrer crropa HOBa npasaacnrvauaja, A OHA [~ Koja] HMa nperexoro xapaxrep vrrpasaor arcra (EnHU, 6p. 102,17. 1. 1997, 2: PaTKo Mapxosnh) H en.

2.1.4.2. Kparepajvsr CTllJICKOra ll360pa nocefino zronasa no napaacaja y

cnvnajenmra exctupauonupana penarasae pe-reaaue." Haaxe, neaasacna pe­

JIaTllBHa peqeHllI.:(a II CTllJIllCTll"tIKH II CTpyKTVpHO je Ky,n:llKaMO rrpnajepenajaon aaaacne y xorrrexcrnaa xoja HaMeny ,n:llCTaKTHOCT aarenenerrra n pena­TllBll3aTopa, IUTO nornpbvjv II crseneha npmrjepa:

(76) OH y cyK06y ca crapajmr fiparoa, a cyKo6 [~ KOjU] je HeMHHOBaH, ry6H vaarrpezr6HTKy (M. Aaapah, 59); 3a naa zraaa OKO cillo Cy60iILu'1a1w HMa.rlO je npenoue PYKYH norv, a ueby /-bUMa [~ ueby KojuMa] je najsame crapajnx oco6a (Bexepa,e HOBO­CHI, 5. 1. 1997,3); CBOjHM TaHKHM, FbC:>KHHM PYKaMa, aaxsarana je sonv H3 Mor 6p3aKaH rnura je y n:yrHM rvrrsajnaa zrox ce neua cjeuxa seceno nrpana y nona, a ca /-bOM[~ ca KOjOM] je arpano H H36pyrneHo KaMeH.e, nnecane aevscopae paoe... (M. By­KOBHh, 81); I-hYKaCTn My [Eo6Hjy Po6coHY] je Hen:aBHO nonvnao MeCTO MeHaI,Iepa yFbHXOBOj exnna, vrrpazoseao OnnaCKOM Kareaa, a oeaj [~ KOjU je] TO CJ1craHTHOOn:6HO (Ileuoxparaja, 15. 1. 1997, 16); MH MopaMo oxvrnrra CBe jvrocnoaencxa onpc­lIHje.JbeHe ipabane on Tparnaaa no Besbennje, a /-bUX [~ KOjUX] HHje Mano (Iloojeaa,9790, 11. 12. 1992, 6) H en,

2.2. Eea ooaapa na TO IUTO je ,n:llCTaKTHOCT penarasne KJIay3e II aarene­nerrra MHOro csojcrseaaja (H CTPYKTVpHO II rpaaarasxa npnajepeaaja) He­

aasncnoj nero aanncaoj O,n:HOCHOj xnavsa, Te cy KJIay3e nozrvnapne .C 063llpOM

na «puiuepujys« ujeciua «oje Moly saysuuaiuu y cnanceuoj peuenuuu. Pa3JIllKa

je caao y TOMe IUTO Koju-KJIay3a xao cnooonaa penaraana KJIay3a MO:>Ke 6llTll

npenoaosaaa OCHOBHOj KJIay3H (nnp.: Koju opyiosu: jauy xoiia, can y Ihy

vnana) , n:OK ce xonxvperrraa joj neaasacaa o,n:HOCHa KJIay3a mncan He MO:>Ke

ocraaptrra y arrCOJIYTHoj npenoaarraja. He3aBHcHe o,n:HOCHe KJIay3e onora TH-

14 3aTo ce cpncxa je3HK y mana qeCTO Ha3HBa "oa"-KaecKu H "Koje"-KaecKu je3HK.15 0 ncropajarv TepMHHa H rrHTaFbHMa eKCTParr03HUHje 3aBHcHe penarasae peseanne HC­

uprrHO rosopn KOPlIHO (1995: 261-276).

f1APATA/(OI4/(E YI XYlf10TAKCYl4/(E O.JHOCHE PE4EHYlUE 57

na Mory Ol1Tl1 l1JIl1 Y nOCTn0311Ul1jl1 l1J111 y l1HTepn0311Ul1jl1 y O,UHOCY na nper­

xo.nehv 11M KJ1ay3y, UITO 3aBl1Cl1 O,U 'rora xoje MjecTo y TOj KJIay311 3aY311Ma

aareuenerrr. He3aBUCHe OOHOCHe «nayse yeuje« cy HY.7lCHO y uociauosuuujucauo upeua aniueueoetuuy ua KOjU ce oonoce, TaKO .na npeOCTaJIl1 "lfJIaHOBl1

.arrreuenenroac'' KJIay3e (Ka,U arrreuenerrr anje y epl1HaJIHOj n0311Ul1jl1) Mory

cnnjenarn 113a peJ1aTl1BHe He3aBl1CHe KJIay3e. To 3Ha"lf11 na He3aBl1CHa pena­Tl1BHa xnavsa, OCl1M UITO MO:>Ke Ol1TI1 nOCTnOHOBaHa, uooice 6liWli U uutuep­iionupana (Y/vlewHyilla) usueby oujenoea upeiaxoone xnayse, urro rroxaavjv 11

crsenehn rrpmrjepn:

(8) OH Y cYKooy ca crapnjmr opawM, a cyxoi) je HOMUHoeaH, ryoM vnarrpea OMTKy (11.Aanpah, 59); MHorM rrparosopa BYKY, a ucxoouiuiua (J UM pasnu-unua, QCCTO cyneonpaanaaa (M. CC.'IMMOBMO, 109); PYKOBO..:lCTBO oocaHcKMx Cpoa ooehano jc 4yp­KMHy na he CBM rtpanaanana XOJ'IaHnCKOr OaTaJbOHa, a H>UX je OKO ceoa.u ciiioiiiuua.vcxopo MohM na nanvcre pCjOH CpCOpCHMUC (ITOJmmKa, 29360, 16. 7. 1995, 2);jyrOCJIOBCHCKa KlhM:>KCBHOCT [jc) y CBOjMM najnemmra OCTBapClhMMa - a OHa cy6pojHa - TV 3aMKy M30CL'Ia (Ilo.ITMTMKa, 29285, 29. 4_ - 2. 5. 1995, 15) M c.rr.

Caxa MorynHocT yMeTaH>a He3aBl1CHe peJIaTl1BHe KJIay3e 113Meby zmjenoaa'upyre KJIay3e YHeKOJIl1KO ,UOBO,Ul1 y nl1TaH>e KOOp,Ul1HaUl1jcKl1 KapaKTep Tl1X

KJIay3a. Hamre, xao jenaa O,U OCHOBHl1X xparepajvsra paarpanaxen.a KOOp.LJ:l1­

Hl1paHl1X 11 cvoopnanapaaax peseaaua aasobea je vnpano 'raj na ce 3aBl1CHe

KJIay3e Mory a He3aBl1CHe He Mory l1HTepnOJIl1paTl1 113Meby 'ul1jeJIOBa 'upyre

KJIay3e y CJIO:>KeHoj peaeaaun.> O,U CBl1X He3aBl1CHl1X KJIay3a, KaKO CMO TO Y

noce6HOM pazrv nOKa3aJIl1,17 cavo ce peJIaTl1BHl1 nO,UTl1nOBI1 eKCnJIaHaTl1BHl1X

(o6jaCHl1,U6eHl1X) KJIaY3a l8 (Meby xoje cnanajv KJIay3e 0 xojmra OB,Uje rOBOpl1­

MO 11 He3aBl1CHe KJIay3e ca Be3Hl1"lfKl1M cnojexr alu i110) Mory yMeTaTl1 113Meby

najenona .n:pyre KJIay3e. Taxo OBe KJIay3e npeva xparepajvxv pacnopena KJIa­

Y3a y CJIO:>KeHoj pe-remnra 'ul1jeJIe OC0611He 3aBl1CHl1X a He He3aBHCHHX KJIay3a.

2.3. He caxo no MorynHOCTl1 peanmauaje y l1HTepMe'ul1jaJIHOM nOJIO:>Ka­

jy, Hero 11 no jour je,UHOM xparepajvsrv OBe (xao 11 peJIaTl1BHe KJIay3e C lilai110) KJIay3e ,UOBo,Ue y mrrarse CBOjy npl1na,UHOCT KOOp,Ul1Hl1paHl1M pe-renmra­Ma. OHe, Hal1Me, nernpajv OCHOBHl1 npnauan KOOp,UMHaUl1je, npesra KOMe

KOOp,Ul1Hl1paHy Be3Y Mory "lfl1Hl1Tl1 caxo XOMOepyHKU110HaJIHe jemnrnue. Han­Me, l1aKO y KOOp,UHHl1paHY Be3Y Mory, OCl1M jenanaua I1CTOra, YJIa311Tl1 11

jenaanue pa3JIl1"lfHTl1X Hl1BOa (anp. Cl1HTaKCeMal1 Cl1HTarMa.Cl1HTarMa 11 KJIa­

Y3a l911 eJI.), HY:>KHO je na 're jenanane 6y.uy l1CTOra rpaxrara-ncor crarvca, Tj.

na o6je 6y,Uy l1JIl1 He3aBl1CHl1 I1JIl1 3aBl1CHH "lfJIaHOBl1. Ilpeueceno na KJIay3e,

TO 3Ha"lf11 na xoopnmraunjv He MO:>Ke "lfl1Hl1Tl1 cnoj 3aBl1CHe 11 He3aBl1CHe KJIa­

vse, Hero cnoj aajxarse ,UBl1je HJIl1 He3aBl1CHe, l1JIH ,UBl1je 3aBl1CHe KJIay3e. Avnpaso TO OCHOBHO CBOjCTBO xoopnaaauaje nernpajv He3aBl1CHe peJIaTl1BHe

KJIay3e, urro norapbvjv 11 crseneha npmrjepn:

16 IlCIlIKOBCKMH (1959), Benomanxosa (1977: 176 M 197), Ilpassxoanh (1984: 32-33).17 KOBaqCBMO (1993) M KOBaqCBMh (1996a: 41-68).18 0 OBOM rarrv HC3aBMCHMX KOHCTpYKUMja y cprrcxov jC3MKy rosopa ce acupnno y KOBa­

-resah (1993a) M KOBaqCBMO (1996a: 68-94).19 Ynopenn aaxenao y Benourarncona (1977: 23), KOBaqCBHO (1996a: 58), nOK aaamrsv

jezmor rnna xoopmraapaae BC3C aTPH6yn M aTPHOYTcKC xnavae naje Ilonosah (1990).

58 MVlflOlil KOBA4EBVlfi

(9) AKO caoa 3aMUC/lU.AtO cnyua] - a OH je y yueiuuocun: unaue Lf.eci11 - xaa ce sehYCTa..TbeHO aapvmasaa,e raxobe aapvmasa, no6Hhc ce 3HaK 3HaKa 3HaKa (H. ITeTKo­BHh, 228); To je noceono saasajao, jep cy yuecnuuu xondiepenuuje, a 6u/lo ux je 1500U3 iipexo 130 seua/ui, ,,J1CrHTHMHH npell.CTaBHHUH pacnonoacersa 3CMaJba H3 KOjHXll.OJ1a3C" (ITOJIHTHKa, 29259, 3. 4. 1995, 2); BeJIHKa je IIITeTa wwo Jlyxun He Ate1baC80j KYpC, a waj KYpc youwwe uuje cuiypau (ITOJIHTHKa, 28461, 5. 1. 1993, 20) H en.

Kao UITO ce BHJlH, Be3HHK a KOjH je noxaaarers KOOpJlHHHpaHOr crarvcaKJIay3e He vcnocrann.a KOOpJlHHHpaHY Be3Y ca CHHTaKCH"llKH HCTOBpCHOM KJIa­Y30M. IIpOHCTWle TaKO na y npBOM npnajepv KOOpJlHHHpaHY Be3Y "t.JHHe 3aBH­CHa yCJIOBHa H He3aBHCHa OJlHOCHa KJIay3a, y JlpyroM - vaposna H He3aBHCHaOJlHOCHa KJIay3a, HTJl. A TaKBe sese vnpaso HHllITe OCHOBHO Ha"t.JeJIO KOOpJlH­aannje no xojea y xoopmnrapanv Be3Y Mory yhH casro JlBHje He3aBHCHe lfJIH.LJ:Blfje aasncne KJIay3e, a HHKaKO jemra aesaaacaa H jenaa aasacaa KJIay3a jepje TO Ha"t.JeJIO cvoopnrraauaje.>' H, aancra, He3aBHCHe peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e osora'nma nonanrajv ce, 6e3 ofisapa aa cpopaanaa ofiarsezcja He3aBHCHOCTlf (rj, 6e3ofisapa na Be3HlfK a), xao 3aBHCHe KJIay3e, jep OHe He xoopmmapajv C KJIay­30M y "t.JlfjeM je cacraav IhlfXOB arrrenenerrr, Hero ce noTIYT CBHX 3aBlfCHHXKJIay3a "YKJIanajy" y TV KJIay3y. OHe cy JlaKJIe <PopMaJIHO (no Be3HHKY)aesanacne, a CTpyKTVpHO If ccxaara-uca cy CpOJlHHje 3aBlfCHHM Hero He3aBH­CHHM KJIay3aMa. MOrJIlf 6lfCMO HX TaKO OJlpeJlHTH xao npenasaa THn H3Menyxoopnaaapaaax H cvoopnnaapasax pesemnra, HJIH HX, rrax, HCKJbY"t.JlfTH H3KOOpJlHHHpaHlfx nOllITO CBa IhHXOBa cnojcrsa, H3Y3eB Be3HHKa a, same onro­sapajv cy60pJlHHaUHjH Hero KOOpJlHHaUlfjH.

2.4. YOCTaJIOM, H caao IhHXOBO nonsobea,e non OJlHOCHe/peJIaTHBHe pe­xennue nonpaavaajesa nponmpea,e KpHTepHjYMa penaranaocra, jep je O"t.JHTOna ce penaraaaax pesenauaxa He Mory CMaTpaTlf caxo OHe ca Be3HH"llKlfMlfJIlf npanouncaa peJIaTHBH3aTopOM xao nocaouen rpaaara-ncor anasersa cy6­OpJlHHaUHje. AKo ce HCKJbY"t.Jlf xparepajva rnna penarnaaaaropa, oaaa ce noCBlfM CBOjlfM ocoonaaxa H KJIay3e C Be3HlfKOM a y3 KOjH JlOJIa3H xao HY:>KaHCTPYKTYPHlf eJIeMeHT KJIay3e penrepanajcxa HJIH npOHOMHHaJIHH 3acTynHHKaareuenerrra (xoja sacrvna canraxca-mo-ceaarrrasxv H nparMaTH"llKy <PYHK­uajv airreneneirra) - If OBe KJIay3e Mory nozraecra non OJlHOCHe HJIH peJIa­TlfBHe.21 I-blfXOBHM YKJby-qeIheM y penaranne pe"t.JeHlfue, KaKO CMO TO Y OBOMepa.uy Y"t.JlfHHJIH, He paspjemaaajv ce, MenYTHM, np06JIeMH xoje Te peseaaueHaMehy y nesa C rrpeacrnrraaaaea rOTOBO ormrrenpaxsaheaax JlH<pepeHUH­jamrax KpHTepHjYMa xoopnaaaunje H cvoopnnaanaje.

20 Yn.: "OCHOBHa pa3JIHKa Meoy fbHMa (rj. xoopmraauajox H cvtiopnaaarrajou - M. K.)cacrojn CC y TOMC IIITO je KOn KOOplJ.HHauHjc PCq 0 nOBe3HBafbY KJIay3a jemraxor rpaxara-ncorcrarvca, nOK jc y cnvsajv cvoopnaaanaje jemsa on KJIay3a y epYHKUHjH ll.pyre (rj. 'rJIaBHe'KJIaY3C)" - KpHCTaJI (1996: 95).

21 IIITO jc norspna MHIII.JbefbY: "CO<rnHCHHe H nozrsnaeaae npCJlJlO)J(eHHH - 3TO TaKHecnocoou 06Hapy)J(CHH5I cymeCTBYJOUIHX Me)J(.1lY HHMH CMhICJIOBbIX OTHOllIeHHH, H3 KOTOpbIX OlJ.HH(COqflHCHHe) nepenaer 3TH OTHOIlICHH5I B MeHee paUIJIeHeHHOM, a ll.pyrOH (nonxaaeaae) - B60JICC ll.HqxpCpeHuHpoBaHHoM BHll.C. HHhIMH CJIOBaMH, COqflHHTeJILHhIe H nO)l'illHHTCJILHhIC COlO3bIpa3JlHQaIOTC5I rrpezcne scero CBOHMH Bhl5IBJI5IIOUIHMH (¢oPMaJIH3YJOIIlHMH) B03MO)J(HOCT5IMH" ­IIIBenoBa (pen.) (1980: 463). Y OCTaJIOM, peJIaTHBHa ce pesemma H He MO)J(C necpaaacara npexonojxa pCJIaTHBHe 3aMjeHHUe jep "KaKO na nojax pCJIaTHBHe 3aMjeHHUc nOCJIY)J(H xao OCHOBHHnojav npa neepHHHpafby pCJIaTHBHe peseaane xan ce aeh H caaa peJIaTHBHa 3aMjcHHUa ne¢HHHpa

nAPATAKCVl4KE VI XVinOTAKCVl4KE OlIHOCHE PE4EHVlUE 59

3. 11 na, aa xpajv, cvsrapano pesvrrrare amUIH3e. OCHM He3aBHCHOCJIO­

)KeHHX pexemma C Be3HH~HM cnojesr ula illo xoje cy CHHOHHMHe 3aBHCHO­

CJIO)KeHHM pexenauaxa ca 3aMjeHH~HM peJIaTHBH3aTOpOM Willo (KaO nnp.:MapKO Hac je lIoc.rryrnao, u illo/Willo je noopo) - y CplICKOM KfbH)KeBHOM

jesaxv nocroje H He3aBHCHOCJIO)KeHe pexenane nepamxnatsene crpvxrvpe

xoje cy CHHOHHMHe 3aBHCHOCJIO)KeHHM pe-renanaaa ca peJIaTHBH3aTopOM

KOju22 (HJIH KaKa8 H Ltuju), xao nrrp.: IIo3ajMHo cax HOBau on Mapxa, aoH/MapKO / KOjU je MOj npajarers. He3aBHCHe peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e y nepamana­fbeHHM He3aBHCHOCJIO)KeHHM pe-reaauaxa HeMajy rpaMaTHKaJIH30BaHe pena­THBH3aTope xao 3aBHCHe peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e, aJIH cy lIO CBHM OCTaJIHM OC06H­

HaMa C fbHMa rronvnapae. Taxo ce vsnjex ozmoce na cylIcTaHTHBHH arrreue­

near H3 nperxonae KJIay3e (TaKO na HMajy aepaurxnaaeav CTpyKTyPY), aa Taj

airreuenerrr y KJIaY3H je casvaaaa CHHTaKCHqKO-CeMaHTHqKa H nparaarasxaepyHKUHja, a OH je (raj arrreuenerrr) xao HY)KaH CTpyKTypHH eJIeMeHT KJIay3e

3aCTylIJbeH HJIH pearepanajcxa HJIH lIpOHOMHHaJIH3aUHjcKH. Y CJIO)KeHY pe­

qeHHuy vsone ce CeMaHTH~ He.n:HepepeHUHpaHHM Be3HHKOM a Y3 KOjH ana­epoPHqKH 3aCTylIHHK arrrenenetrra (H3pa)KeH pearepannjcxa HJIH lIpOHOMHHa­

JIH3aTopoM) HMa epYHKUHjy KOHKpeTH3aTopa peJIaTHBHOCTH He3aBHCHe KJIaY3e.

Be3HHK a H raj aaacpopasxa KOHKpeTH3aTOp vnajex cy CylIcTHTyeHTHH pena­THBH3aTopoM KOjU (HJIH HeKHM .n:pyrHM 3aMjeHH~HMpeJIaTHBH3aTopOM - xa­KaB, Ltuju nnp.), 11 lI03HUHOHO cy TaKBe He3aBHCHe KJIay3e rrozrvnapne ca

peJIaTHBHHM Koju-KJIay3aMa: OHe vsajex .n:OJIa3e H3a csor arrrenezterrra (najse­IIIne y KOHTaKTHOM lIOJIO)Kajy C fbHM) TaKO na 3aBHCHO on lIOJIO)Kaja airreue­

zreara Mory 6HTH mill lIOCTlIOHOBaHe HJIH YMeTHYTe y CTpyKTyPY nperxonneKJIaY3e. CaMO y onpebeana JIeKCH~O-rpaMaTH~HMH CTHJIHCTH~HM yCJIO­

BHMa He3aBHCHe KJIay3e HHCy cvncnrrvearae 3aBHCHHM KJIay3aMa ca 3aMje­

HH~M peJIaTHBH3aTopHMa. 06pHYTa CylICTHTYTHBHOCT Moryna je caxro xanje 3aBHCHa Koju-KJIay3a nepecrpaxranna. To 3HaqH na cy He3aBHCHe nepa­nrsnarseae peJIaTHBHe pexeaaue KOHKypeHTHe caxo HepeCTpHKTHBHHM nepa­III"1ffiafbeHHM 3aBHCHHM peJIaTHBHHM pexeamraaa. He3aBHCHe peJIaTHBHe pe-te­

nmre onora THlIa vsajex ofiarsexcanajv HeKH HaKHa,n:HH nonarax HJIH o6pa­

3JIO)Kefbe 0 Ben H.n:eHTHepHKOBaHOM (onpebeaon) lIOjMY H3pa)KeHOM y aare­ueneirrv. 3aTO ce OBe, xao H He3aBHCHe peJIaTHBHe KJIay3e ca Be3HH~HM

crrojea a/u illo, Mory cxarpara lIoce6HHM lIO,n:THlIOM eKClIJIaHaTHBHHX (o6ja-

xao 3aMjeHlfUa xoja YB01Uf peJIaTHBHy pexeamrv? AKo H peJIaTHBHy pexeamrv necpaaapaxo xao3aBHcHy peseamrv xoja canpaca peJIamBHY 3aMjeHHuy, ,n:06HjaMo circulus vitiosus, Kpy)J(Hy ne­epHHHUHjy". - KOP1Ufh (1995: 37-38).

22 YlHTepecaHTHO je, npn TOM, na y caspeaeaox cpncKOM jesaxv aaje srorvha 3aMjeHa3aBHCHHX peJIamBHHX paJIJqJIalheHHX waio-KJIaY3a H HepaJIJqJIalheHHX Koju-KJIay3a (yn. Hnp.: OHje ,n:OIIIao, Waio je ooopo, aJIH He H: *OH je nomao, xoje je ooiipo). Kozr He3aBHcHHX KJIay3anoaexaa, MeDYTHM, cnoj a/u aio KOjH je npauapaa eKBHBaJIeHT 3aMjeHHuH Waio, MO)J(e OUTH HeKBHBaJIeHT 3aMjeHHIIH KOjU, xao arrp.: MO)J(,n:a je MHCJIHO na oxea H3Be3eHH jaCTYK, a aio [~

KOjll] je KOJIOHHCT~H ,n:ap, vcnoueaa H3 Baaara (Pa,n:OCJIaB EpaTHO, CAUKa 6e3 oua, EYlr3,Beorpan, 1992, 27); 3HaM caxo na jenaa xasce KaKO ce TO 36HJIO Y nexoj nanexoj 3eMJbH, ,n:pyrHBeJIH y PyCHjH (a aio [~ Koja] HHKa,U sa Hac HHje OHJIa crpana 3eMJba), a TpeOH xaxce na je TOMOrJIO 6Hm y MJIeUHMa (Pa,n:OCJIaB Bparnh, 311Ma y Xepueioeuuu, CK3, Beorpan, 1995, 161­162).

60 MH:10W KOBAYEBHfi

CHHJl,OemfX) KOOp,llHHHpaHHX peseanua, C THM na HM najfion,e onrosapa Ha3HB:iipux.asy-u«: penaiuuono-oojacnuotiene K.IlaY3e oooaiuuo; KOMeHWapa.

J1l1TEPATYPA

EC~iOlIlanKOBa (1977) - B. A. ECJIOlIlanKOBa, Coepeuenuuii pyccxuii JL3b1K. Cuniuaxcuc,Bucuras urxo.ra, MOCKBa.

Knaja (1985) - l1. KJIajH, 0 $y1-lK4uju U upupoou 3aMe1-lU4a, l1HCTHTYT sa cpncxoxpsar-CKH jC3HK, EHOJIHOTCKa Jy)KHOCJIOBCHCKor epHJIOJIOra, Klh. 7, Beorpan,

KOBaqCBHO (1988) - M. KOBaqCBHO, Y3P0'UW ceuauuaooco iione, CBjCTJIOCT, Capajeso.KOBaqCBHO (1992) - M. KOBaqCBHh, KP03 cU1-liUaiMe U peueuuue, CBjCT.iOCT, Capajeso.KOBaqCBHh (1993) - M. KOBaqCBHh, Paciiopeo «naysa y nesaeucuocnoxcenoj peLfeHU/4U,

360pHHK Marnne cpncxe sa epHJIoJl0rHjy H JIHHrBHCTHKy, HOBH Call, XXXVII2, 181-206.KOBaqCBHO (1993a) - M. KOBaqCBHO, 06jaC1-IUo6eHe (exciinanaiuueue] KOopOU1-IUpa1-le KOH­

ciupyxuuje, 360pHHK Maruue cprrcxe sa epHJIOJIOrHjy H JIHHrBHcTHKy, HOBH Call, XXXVIII, 99­121.

KOBaqCBHO (1995) - M. KOBaqCBHO, Ciuunuciuuxa U tpauatuuxa ciUUACKUX $uiypa, IInonvrscao H3nalhC, YHI1PEKC, HHKlIlHO.

KOBaqCBHh (1996) - M. KOBaqCBHh, C10JlCeHa peueuuua C He3aeUC1-IOM penaaiuenosc K.1a­

pOM, CpnCKH jC3HK, Eeorpan, III-2, 78-89.KOBaqCBHh (1996a) - M. KOBaqCBHO, Cyuauactneeno U uuuoipeouo y nuuieuciiiuuu, Ilon­

ropnua. YHI1PEKC.Kopnnh (1995) - C. Kopnah, PCMiUueHa penenuua, 3arpe6, Xpsarcso q)H~iOJIOlIlKO npy­

lIlTBO.Kpacran (1996) - ll. KpHCTaJI, KeM6pw'IKa enuuxnoueouja jesuxa, Beorpan, HOJiHT.Mpa30BHh H BYKanHHOBHn (1990) - TI. Mpa30BHo H 3. BYKanHHOBHh, Fpawatuusa cpu­

ctcoxpeaiiictcoi jesuxa sa ctupauue. CpCMCKH Kap.'lOBUH - HOBH Can.TIClIlKOBCKHH (1959) - A. M. TIClIlKOBCKHH, Cyiueciueyeiu AU e pyCCKOM JL3blKC COLfU1-Ie1-lUe

U LlOOLfU1-IC1-IUC upeonancenuii, 1136paHHbIC TpyllbI, Mocxsa, 131-146.Ilonoaah (1990) - Jb. Ilonosah, Jeoau uapouuiuu iUULl naiiopeonux «ouctupyxuuja c

upuoeecxuu OOHOCHUM peueuuuaua, Ham jC3HK, Eeorpan, XXVIII/3-4, 246-261.Ilparssosah (1984) - H. Ilparsxonah, Koopouuauuja y xpeaiucxou KfbUJICCe1-lOJ'd jesuxy,

3arpe6, Xpsarcxo cPH..'lOJIOlIlKO npYIIITBo.CTcBaHoBHh (1991) - M. CTcBaHoBHh, Caepeueuu cpiicxoxpeaiucxu jesux II (tpauaiuuwcu

CUCiUCMU U xn-uaceeuojesu-uca nopua]. CUHiUaKca, nCTO H3llalhC, Eeorpan, Hav-ma KlhHra.IlIBCllOBa (pCJ.) (1980) - PYCCKafl ipascuaiiiuxa, iUOM 11. Cuniiiaxcuc, rJIaBHbIH penaxrop

H. IO. Illaenosa, Mocxsa, AHCCCP.

Mu.aoiu Koeaueeuu

TIAPATAKTl14ECKl1E 11 rl1TIOTAKTI14ECKl1EOTHOCI1TEJIbHbIE TIPEllnO)KEHI151

PC310MC

113navx THnOB rrpanaro-mux OTHOCHTCJIbHbIX npCllJIO)KCHHH Bccp60KpoaTHQeCKOH H 60JICClIlHpOKOH .'lHTcpaTYPC, KaK npasano, JIHlIlb OTHOCHTCJIbHbIC npCllJIO)KCHH5I paCqnCHCHHOH CTPYK­TypbI C COlO30M ljJiUo, OTHOC5IlIlHCC5I K UCJIOMy COllCp)KaHHIO npC!lbIllVIllCH KJIay3bI (KJIaY3a ­npCJl.;iO)KCHHC KaK xacrt, CJIO)KHOrO npCllJIO)KCHH5I), BbI!lBHHyTbI H orracaau H CHHOHHMHtICCKHCHC3aBHCHMbIC npC!lJ10)KCHH5I C COlO3HbIM npHCOC!lHHCHHCM uta iUo (KaK, aanp.: OH yqHTC5I xopo­nro, 'ITO (H :3TO) Hac paJlYCT - 01-1 YLfU oo6po, ljJiUo (u iuo) Hac paoyje].

nAPATAKCH4KE H XHnOTAKCHl,lKE O,1HOCHE PE4EHHUE 61

ABTOp B HaCT05IIUCH pa60TC 3aHMMaCTC5I aHa,TIBOM B JJMTCpaTVpc no-rm HcooHapy>KCHHOrO

B3aMMHOrO OTHOWCHM5I HCpaCtUICHCHHblX rrpanaro-nrux OTHOCMTC,lhHblX npClLHO)KCHHH C pc.rarn­

BM3aTOpOM KOjU (KOTOpblH) M CMHOHMMHblX HC3aBMCMMblX npCllJlO)KCHMH. TIoKa3aHO, -rro H npnna­

TO'lHblC KOjU' K;Iay3hI 06.'laLIaKH CBOMMM no-rm nO,lHhIMM CTPYKTVpHO-CCMaHTMqCCKHMM 3KBMBa­

JICHTaMM MC)KlIY HC3aBMCMMblMM KJJay3aMM. HC3aBHCMMblC OTHOCMTCJJhHhIC KJ1ay3hI BCCrLIa (KaK H

KOHKypMPYJOIUMC KOjU - KJJay3b1) OTHOC5ITC5I TOJlhKO K HCKOTOpOMy cy6cTaHTMBHOMV aHTCUCLICH­

TV M3 npClIbILIYIUCH K.'lay3b1 M BBOll5ITC5I B C-'lO)KHOC npCllJlO)KCHHC npH nOMOIUH COlO3a a, C

KOTOpblM aceraa OCyIUCCTBJJCH M aaacpopavccsn npCLICTaBHTC,lh aHrCUCllCHTa B haqCCTBC KOHKpC­

rmaropa (sepmpaxaropa) OTHOCMTCJ1hHOCTM HC3aBMCMMOH xnavsu. AHaepopHqCCKHH rtpencrasa­

TCJJh aHTCUCllCHTa MO)KCT 6hITh Bblpa)KCH M,lM nOBTopCHMCM (perrreparmcn) aHTCUC1ICHTa M.1M cro

npOHOMMHaJJM3aUMCH, rtpn-tcx 3Ta COI03Ho-aHaepopHqCCKa5I -racrs xnavsu sccrna mUHOCThlO sa­

MCHMMa MCCTOMMCHHblM pcnaraaaaaropo» B KaqCCTBC CHHOHMMa (KaK, nanp.: 3nn napoa npen­

pacnOJJO)KCH CKMTa-'lhHM'lCCTBY, a CKHTa;IhHM'lCCTBO /a OHO if KOTOpOC mucoro HC npMBCJJO K

nofipv. - Taj uapoo je ospeuya: xa CKUlII1bU ,I a OHa II «oja uuxo» oo6pa uuie oone. ta).B pa60TC BhILIB'MHYTbI M onncaau BCC CTPYKTY'PHhIC, CCMaHTHqCCKMC H CTM.1HCTHqCCKHC

xapaKTCpHTHKH 3THX HCpaCqJJCHCHHblX HC3aBHCMMblX OTHOCMTC,'lhHhIX npC1L10iKCHHH H TO B HX

B3aHMHOM OTHOWCHHH C 3KBMBaJJCHTHhIMH npaaaro-msma OTHOCHTC,'lhHhIMH xnavaavu. TIoKa3aHhI

H npHqMHbl, 06yC,10BJJHBaIOIUHC (HC)B03MOiKHOCTH MX cvocrrrrvmm. B OT:lCJlhHOCTH BbI:lBHm/Ta

np06JJCMa HX nOLIBCLICHM5I non KOOpllMHMpOBaHHblC npClL.'lOiKCHH5I, HMC5I B BHlIY cpaxr, 'ITO B

OTJJM'lHC OT BCCX iI,pyrMX KOOPiI,HHHpOBaHHblX xnavs, OHH MorYT 6blTb HHTcpnO.'lHpOBaHhI MC)K}ly

qaCT5IMM llpyrMx KJJay3 H srro HC 1l0,1)KHbI KOOpLIMHMpOBaTh C rOMoepYHKUnOHa.JlbHOH CMHTaKCH­

qCCKOH C}lMHMUCH.