Pages of Changes

1

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9


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1312


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1716


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2726


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2928


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3534


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Living Color Magazine rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/

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73


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L.C / / xm;0,fa&eufpDrHudef;uawmh paeNyD/ / / xm;0,fa&eufpDrHudef;uawmh paeNyD/

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awG *kPf,lMuatmif obm0ywf0ef;usif tav;xm;

oifhw,f/


Photo-Moe Kyaw Lwin

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y,fudk umuG,fay;oifhwmxufydkNyD; umuG,fay;vdkY

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Photo-Moe Kyaw Lwin

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[m trsm;jynfol&JUqEygw,f/ trsm;jynfolbufu

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communication Insurance awG pojzifh yGifhvmr,faygh/


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Photo-DDA

8180


Axl; rD'D,m - tck &GmawG ajymif;&awmhr,hftxJrSm Axl; rD'D,m - tck &GmawG ajymif;&awmhr,hftxJrSm

tpfudkwkdYvnf;ygw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ tJvdkajymif;& tpfudkwkdYvnf;ygw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ tJvdkajymif;&

r,fvdkYodawmh a'ocHawGu b,fvdkcHpm;Mu&ovJ/r,fvdkYodawmh a'ocHawGu b,fvdkcHpm;Mu&ovJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - vlawmfawmfrsm;u awmfawmfudk pdwfysuf

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ta&mif;t0,f vHk;0r&Sdawmhbl;/ vlawGvnf; awmf

awmf pdwf"mwfusqif;oGm;w,f/ NcHawGudkvnf; rjyK

jyifawmhbl;/ awmvnf; rckwfawmhbl;/ opfyifawG

vnf; tpmrauR;awmhbl;/

Axl; rD'D,m - wjcm;&GmawGqDua&m bmtoHawG Axl; rD'D,m - wjcm;&GmawGqDua&m bmtoHawG

Mum;ao;vJ/Mum;ao;vJ/

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vnf;rSefrSmaygh/ vlawGuawmhaMumufaeMuwm tao

tcsmyJ/

Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf; pDrHudef;om jzpfvm Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf; pDrHudef;om jzpfvm

r,fqdk&if &Gmom;awGtwGuf b,favmuftusKd;&SdEkdif r,fqdk&if &Gmom;awGtwGuf b,favmuftusKd;&SdEkdif

r,fvkdYxifvJ/r,fvkdYxifvJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - t"du uawmh tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;yJ?

'Da&eufqdyfurf;jzpfvm&if tajccHtvkyform;awG

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a'ocHawG tvkyf&Mur,fxifw,f/ a'ocHawmfawmf

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ZkefrSm csnfxnfpuf½HkwkdYvdkrsKd; pufrIvkyfief;awGvnf; ZkefrSm csnfxnfpuf½HkwkdYvdkrsKd; pufrIvkyfief;awGvnf;

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a'ocH -a'ocH - &Ekdifygw,f/ 'gayrJh vlUt&if;tjrpf tae

txm;u r&Sdbl;/ vkyfEkdifudkifEdkifwJh vli,fawGtm;vHk;

u xkdif;rSmjzpfaew,f/ wpfcsufawmh &Sdw,fayghav/

'Duay;wJh vpmu xkdif;rSmxuf tqifajy&ifawmh

olwkdYjyefvmcsif jyefvmMurSmaygh/

Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf;om jzpfvm&if a'o Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf;om jzpfvm&if a'o

cHawG? xm;0,fa'otwGuf aumif;jcif;eJY qkd;jcif; cHawG? xm;0,fa'otwGuf aumif;jcif;eJY qkd;jcif;

b,f[mu ydkrsm;r,fvkdYxifvJ/b,f[mu ydkrsm;r,fvkdYxifvJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - tif; . . . pD;yGm;a&;taeeJYMunhf&if tvkyf

tudkif tcGifhtvrf;awG zefwD;ay;Edkifr,fqdk&ifawmh

uRefawmfwkdYvnf; tm;ay;ygw,f/ aemufwpfcku

olwdkYu a'ocHawGudk ajr,mydkifqdkifrIeJYywfoufNyD;

awmh xkdufoifhwJhavsmfaMu; ay;vdkufr,fqdk&ifawmh

tm;vHk;tqifajyajy aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif jzpfoGm;ygvdrhf

r,f/ tckvuf&Sdu 'DpDrHudef;u NrdKUaevlxkeJY ynm

wwfwJh vltenf;pkav;uawmh axmufcHMuw,f/

'Dtajctaeudk nd§ay;zkdYu pDrHudef;vkyfolawGyJ/ xkdif;

ya&m*suform;awGu ynmay;oifhw,f/ b,fajr

b,fajrawGudk ,lr,f/ b,fvkdpuf½HkawGaqmufr,f/

avsmfaMu;awGudk b,fvkday;r,fpojzifhaygh/ b,fvdk

tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;rsKd;awG zefwD;ay;r,f

pojzifhaygh/ 'gqkd&if a'ocHawGvnf; aysmfoGm;r,f/

tck[mu wpfzufowfBuD; jzpfaew,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - tckvuf&Sduawmh 'Da'ou wu,fhudk Axl; rD'D,m - tckvuf&Sduawmh 'Da'ou wu,fhudk

pdrf;vef;wJh e,fajrjzpfaeqJaygh/ a&eufqdyfurf;BuD;a&m pdrf;vef;wJh e,fajrjzpfaeqJaygh/ a&eufqdyfurf;BuD;a&m

pufrIZkefa&m wnfaqmufvkdYNyD;oGm;NyDyJ xm;vkdufyg pufrIZkefa&m wnfaqmufvkdYNyD;oGm;NyDyJ xm;vkdufyg

awmh/ tJ'gawGjzpfvmr,fqdk&if 'Da'o&JU ywf0ef;usif awmh/ tJ'gawGjzpfvmr,fqdk&if 'Da'o&JU ywf0ef;usif

npfnrf;rI jzpfvmEdkifajcawGu a'otay: b,f npfnrf;rI jzpfvmEdkifajcawGu a'otay: b,f

avmuftxd xdckdufEdkifvJ/avmuftxd xdckdufEdkifvJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - 'gu enf;enf;ajym&cufw,fAs/ uRefawmf

wkdYEkdifiHudk,füuvnf; zGHUNzdK;NyD;om;EkdifiHwpfEdkifiHr[kwf

awmh rvkyf&bl;wm;vdkY rjzpfEdkifbl;/ puf½HkawGu pGefY

ypfypönf;awGudk b,fvkdpGefYypf&r,f bmnmayghaemf?

tJvdk oabmwlnDrIawG &Sdxm;&ifawmh aumif;r,f/

aemufwpfcku tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;udpöyg/

'Da'orSm awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ig;zrf;Muwmrsm;w,f/

urf;eD;aygh/ wu,fvdkY tJvdkpuf½HkawGom yifv,fxJ

pGefYypfypönf;awG pGefYypf&ifawmh 'DteD;tem;wpf0dkufrSm

ig;zrf;vdkY&awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ avStBuD;BuD;awGeJY

urf;a0;xGufzrf;wJh avSawGu jyóemodyfr&Sdbl;/

avStao;av;awGeJY acsmif;em;urf;em;rSm urf;eD;ig;

zrf;vkyfief;vkyfaewJholawG tcufawGUvdrfhr,f/ puf½Hk

awGu b,favmufyJ pnf;pepf&Sd&Sd pGefYypfpGefYypf

tenf;eJYtrsm;awmh xdckdufrSmyJ/

Axl; rD'D,m - olwkdYEdkifiHrSmawmif pnf;pepfwus Axl; rD'D,m - olwkdYEdkifiHrSmawmif pnf;pepfwus

rpGefYypfuswJh xkdif;awGu uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm pnf;pepf rpGefYypfuswJh xkdif;awGu uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm pnf;pepf

wus pGefYypfvdrfhr,fvdkY xifvm;/wus pGefYypfvdrfhr,fvdkY xifvm;/

a'ocH -a'ocH - 'guawmh bmjzpfvmr,fqdkwmudk ,wdjywf

rajymEdkifbl;/ tpkd;&u b,fvdk oabmwlnDrIawG

xm;ovJqkdwJhtay:rSmyJ rlwnfr,fxifw,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - wu,fvdkY a&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkef Axl; rD'D,m - wu,fvdkY a&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkef

om jzpfvmr,fqdk&if b,fvdkrsKd;awG jzpfvmr,fvdkY om jzpfvmr,fqdk&if b,fvdkrsKd;awG jzpfvmr,fvdkY

xifvJ/xifvJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - vlwef;pm; ESpf&yfuGJoGm;Ekdifw,f/ tckawmif

uGJaeNyDAsm/ &Gmuvlxku 'Da&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkef

udpöudk rBudKufMubl;/ NrdKUaevlxkuusawmh tJ'gudk

vufcHw,f/ BudKufMuw,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - 'DpDrHudef;BuD;omjzpfvm&if tpdk;&&,f? Axl; rD'D,m - 'DpDrHudef;BuD;omjzpfvm&if tpdk;&&,f?

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif&,f? aus;&Gmvlxk&,f Mum;rSae pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif&,f? aus;&Gmvlxk&,f Mum;rSae

r,hf &yf&GmtajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;awGu b,favmuf r,hf &yf&GmtajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;awGu b,favmuf

txd ta&;ygvmrvJ/ b,favmuftxd vlxkbufu txd ta&;ygvmrvJ/ b,favmuftxd vlxkbufu

&yfwnfay;EkdifrvJ/ tpfudkU&JU tjrifaygh/&yfwnfay;EkdifrvJ/ tpfudkU&JU tjrifaygh/

a'ocH -a'ocH - awmfawmfta&;ygygw,f/ tJ'DtzGJUav;awG

uyJ bmawGawmh jzpfaeNyD/ NyD;awmh &yf&Gmvlxkudk

ynmay;wmawGaygh/ tJ'DtzGJUav;awGuyJ vkyfay;&

rSmyg/ NyD;awmh oabmwlnDrIawG jzpfvmzkdYaygh/ puf½Hk

b,fESpf½Hkaqmufr,f/ b,fvkdrsKd; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;

awG xdef;odrf;&r,fpojzifhaygh tJ'grsKd;awG jzpfvm

atmif vkyf&r,fxifw,f/ NyD;awmh tJ'DtzGJUav;awGu

tNrJwrf;apmifhMunfhaer,f/ puf½HkawG wkd;aqmufvm

ovm;/ pGefYypfypönf;awG wtm;trsm;BuD;pGefYypfae

ovm;/ tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;awGay;Ekdif&JUvm;?

tJ'DvdkrsKd; vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&; ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD;

apmifhMunhfaer,f/ tJ'Dvdkqkd&if obm0ywf0ef;usif

xdef;odrf;a&;twGufvnf; jyefNyD;nd§vdkY&r,f/ NyD;awmh

oabmwlnDrIawG jzpfvmzkdYaygh/ a'ocHvlxkvufcHEdkif

wJh oabmwlnDrI? a'ocHawG&JUtusKd;&Sdr,fh oabmwl

nDrIrsKd;awGjzpfvmzkdYqkd&if tusKd;tjrwfrMunfhwJh tzGJU

av;awG? a'ocHawGbufu&yfay;r,fh tzGJUav;awG

&SdzkdYvdkw,f/ tpdk;&udkcsnf;yJ tm;udk;vdkYr&awmhbl;/

olwkdYu Oya'udk vufxJudkifNyD; vkyfcsifovdk vkyfae

wm/ tJ'DtzGJUav;awGu apwemygyg eJYvnf;vkyfr,f

vkyfomudkifomwJh taetxm;rsKd;vnf; &Sdr,fqdk&if

awmfawmfav;udk xda&mufr,f/ tusKd;&Sdr,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - tpdk;&&,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif&,f? Axl; rD'D,m - tpdk;&&,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif&,f?

a'ocH&,f tJ'DaxmufwdkifoHk;wdkifMum;rSm vlrIa&;tzGJU a'ocH&,f tJ'DaxmufwdkifoHk;wdkifMum;rSm vlrIa&;tzGJU

tpnf;awGu wu,faum vkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdyghrvm;/tpnf;awGu wu,faum vkyfEkdifpGrf;&Sdyghrvm;/

a'ocH -a'ocH - xkdif;rSm jzpfoGm;wmuusawmh ywf0ef;usif

ysufpD;aeygNyDqdkNyD;awmh w&m;½Hk;udkwkdifw,f/ wu,f

vnf; tJ'DpufrIZkefwpf0dkufrSm&SdwJh rdom;pkawGu

rdom;pktvdkufudk uifqmawGjzpfaeMuw,f/ 'gayrJh

w&m;&ifqkdifpOfrSm ,m,Dydwfxm;wJh puf½Hk 74 ½HkrSm

72 ½Hk xifw,fAsm/ tJ'gudk jyefzGifhcGifhay;vdkufw,f/

qdkawmh vlrIa&;tzGJUawGu b,favmufxd vkyfEdkifrSm

vJ/ uRefawmfwkdYqDrSmaygh/ xdkif;taetxm;eJYawmh

rwlEkdifbl;xifwmyJ/ uRefawmf arQmfvifhwmuawmh

tpkd;&u b,favmufqkd;wJhtpdk;&jzpfjzpf jynfolawG

'Davmufxd 'ku©jzpfrSmukdawmh rvkyfavmufbl;xif

wmyJ/ xkdif;rSmu b,fvdktajctaeawGaMumifh jyef

zGifhcGifhay;vdkufovJrS rodwm/ wu,fvdkYom tpdk;&

u a'ocHawGbufrSm&Sd&if olwkdYrvkyfavmufygbl;/

uRefawmfuawmh tJ'Dvdk,lqw,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - vlaerIb0awGa&m ajymif;vJoGm; Axl; rD'D,m - vlaerIb0awGa&m ajymif;vJoGm;

Ekdifovm;/ qdkygawmh vlwef;pm;uGm[rIrsm;vmwm Ekdifovm;/ qdkygawmh vlwef;pm;uGm[rIrsm;vmwm

rsKd;aygh/rsKd;aygh/

a'ocH -a'ocH - tif; . . . / jzpfvmEkdifygw,f/ ynm

wwfwJholawGeJY ynmrwwfwJholawG wjznf;jznf;

uGmoGm;vdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfhtjrift&awmh a'ocHawG

tckawmif uGJaeNyDAsm/ &Gmuvlxku

'Da&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkefudpöudk

rBudKufMubl;/ NrdKUaevlxkuusawmh tJ'gudk

vufcHw,f/ BudKufMuw,f/

8382


u tm;vHk;tembufucsnf;yJ/ ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;

a&;bufuMunhfMunfh? vlrIa&;bufu MunhfMunhf?

pD;yGm;a&;bufu MunhfMunfhaygh/

Axl; rD'D,m - wu,fvdkY pufrINrdKUawmfBuD;jzpfvmNyD Axl; rD'D,m - wu,fvdkY pufrINrdKUawmfBuD;jzpfvmNyD

qdk&if a'ocHawGeJY b,fvdk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG qdk&if a'ocHawGeJY b,fvdk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG

vkyfudkifzkdY tcGifhtvrf;aumif;awG &vmrvJ/ tJ'D vkyfudkifzkdY tcGifhtvrf;aumif;awG &vmrvJ/ tJ'D

twGuf bmawGjyifqifxm;oifhw,fvkdY xifvJ/twGuf bmawGjyifqifxm;oifhw,fvkdY xifvJ/

a'ocH -a'ocH - odyfawmh rajymwwfbl;As/ pufrINrdKUawmf

jzpfvmawmh vlawGrsm;vmr,fAsm/ qdkawmh wkd;vmwJh

vlOD;a&tay:rSm rSDNyD;awmh pwdk;qkdifav;? vloHk;ukef

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&&if&r,faygh/ vlawGpdrfh0ifvm&ifawmh olU[moljzpf

oGm;r,fxifygw,f/ tJ'gawGtwGuf BudKjyifqifxm;

oifhw,fxifw,f/ BudKNyD;vufOD;rI,lxm;oifhw,f

aygh/ aiGtvHk;t&if;eJY vm&if;ESD;wJholawGvm&if a'ocH

awGtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;u enf;oGm;vdrfhr,f/

Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrINrdKUawmf pDrH Axl; rD'D,m - 'Da&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrINrdKUawmf pDrH

udef;eJYywfoufNyD; a'ocHwpfa,muftaeeJY bmajym udef;eJYywfoufNyD; a'ocHwpfa,muftaeeJY bmajym

csifao;vJ/csifao;vJ/

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taeeJY pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sif? obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m

ynm&Sif tJvdkoufqdkif&m ynm&SifawGeJY taMutvnf

aqG;aEG;oifhw,fvkYd jrifw,f/ NyD;awmh wu,fvkyfNyD

qdk&ifvnf; a'ocHvlxkudk b,fvdkvkyfay;r,f/ yxr

qHk;Asm ajr,majymif;a&TU&rIeJY ywfoufNyD; bmawG

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wJh avsmfaMu;ay;oifhw,f/ NyD;awmh a'ocHvlxk

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Dr.AKK / / / / FDI vkdYajym&if EdkifiHjcm; wkdif;jynfawG?

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Photo-Moe Kyaw Lwin

8584


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Dr.AKK / / / / 'gu ESpfydkif;&Sdwmaygh/ wpfydkif;u olwkdY

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Dr.AKK / / / / a&&nf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIu ydkaumif;wm

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jrifMuwJhtay: q&m b,fvdkoHk;oyfrdygovJ/jrifMuwJhtay: q&m b,fvdkoHk;oyfrdygovJ/

Dr.AKK / / / / ukd,fhbufu rSefrSefuefuef oHk;&if

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Dr.AKK / / / / SEZ awGu wkdif;jynfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufzkdY

vrf;aMumif;wpfckaygh/ tJ'Dvrf;aMumif; wpfckwnf;

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ay;zkdYvdkw,f/ 'grSjynfwGif;rSmvnf; Capital Accumu-

lation vkyfxm;Edkifr,f/


8786


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9190


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qkdifwJh{utwdkif; 'Dbufajymif;wJhtcg jyefay;rSmvm;/qkdifwJh{utwdkif; 'Dbufajymif;wJhtcg jyefay;rSmvm;/

UTMZ : vuf&Sdv,f? NcHvkyfolawGudk pufrIZkefjyify

rSm v,f? NcHrsm;0,fNyD; tpm;xdk;vkyfudkifapr,f/ v,f

todrf;cH&wJholudk v,ftpm;xdk;vkyfapNyD;? NcHtodrf;

cH&wJholu NcHtpm;xdk; vkyfykdifcGihfay;r,f/ v,f? NcH

tpm;xdk;r,lwJholawGudk a'ovuf&Sdaygufaps;twdkif;

aiGaMu;tpm;xdk;ay;r,f/ v,f? NcHjyefvdkcsifwJholawGudk

v,f? NcHjyef&atmif rjzpfrae vuf&Sd{utwdkif;&atmif

aqmif&Gufay;r,f/ vuf&SdNcH&SifawG repfem&atmif

a&mfbmNcHqkdvnf; vuf&Sda&mfbmNcH? oD[kdVfNcHxuf

aumif;wJhNcHukd tpm;xdk;ay;r,f/

Voice : tDwmvsH-xdkif;ua&m? jrefrmEdkifiHua&m 'gudk tDwmvsH-xdkif;ua&m? jrefrmEdkifiHua&m 'gudk

jrefrmvlxkeJY a'ocHjynfolawG tvkyftudkif tcGihf jrefrmvlxkeJY a'ocHjynfolawG tvkyftudkif tcGihf

tvrf;awGydkvmr,f/ jrefrmjynfu olrsm;EdkifiHawGrSm tvrf;awGydkvmr,f/ jrefrmjynfu olrsm;EdkifiHawGrSm

tvkyfoGm;vkyfaewJholawG jyefvmNyD; 'DrSmtvkyfvkyf tvkyfoGm;vkyfaewJholawG jyefvmNyD; 'DrSmtvkyfvkyf

&r,fvkdY qdkw,faygh/ jrefrmtvkyform; tvkyfvkyfzdkY &r,fvkdY qdkw,faygh/ jrefrmtvkyform; tvkyfvkyfzdkY

jrefrmb,favmuf&mcdkifEIef; tvkyfvkyf&r,fqdkwm jrefrmb,favmuf&mcdkifEIef; tvkyfvkyf&r,fqdkwm

awGudk q&mwkdY b,fvdkpDpOfay;xm;vJ/awGudk q&mwkdY b,fvdkpDpOfay;xm;vJ/

UTMS : Skill Worker vdkYac:w,faygh/ ynm&Sifvkyfom;

awGu xdkif;awGvkyfr,f/ usefwm tukefvHk; jrefrm

tvkyform;awG tvkyfvkyf&r,f/ tcktcsdefu puf½Hk

awG bmrSrvkyf&ao;bl;/ uRrf;usifvkyfom;awG?

Project pDrHcefYcGJrIwG vkdtyfaewkef;yJ/ tckrS tkyfcsKyfrI

½Hk;aqmufw,f? vrf;azmufw,f/ tckrStpyJ&Sdao;

w,f/ Deep Sea Prot eJY ½Hk;awGNyD;&if wdkYwdkif;jynfu

tvkyform;eJYawmif rvHkavmufbl;/

Voice : tckvuf&Sd xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;twGuf tckvuf&Sd xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;twGuf

ajcmuf&Gma&TU&r,fvdkY q&majymcJhw,faygh/ tJ'Da&TU ajcmuf&Gma&TU&r,fvdkY q&majymcJhw,faygh/ tJ'Da&TU

&r,folawGudk bmawGtoday;NyD;NyDvJ/ b,fvdkyHkpH &r,folawGudk bmawGtoday;NyD;NyDvJ/ b,fvdkyHkpH

today;ovJ/today;ovJ/

UTMS : tm;vHk;u 'D Project pawmhqkdwmeJY uGif;

qif;NyD;awmh &Gmol&Gmom;awGtm;vHk;ukd &Sif;jyw,f/

tacgufacguftcgcg &Sif;jyw,f/ t&ifuawmh &Gmom;

awGu vufrcHbl;/ b,fvkdtajctae&Sdw,fqkdwm

&Sif;jyrS olwdkYvufcHvmw,f/ rjzpfrae a&TU&awmhr,f

qdkwmodawmh uRefawmfwdkYeJY yl;aygif;yg0ifvmw,f/

tckoabmu odrf;wmr[kwf? BudKufa&mif; BudKuf0,f

oabmyJ/ NcHb,favmufwefvJ wefwJhaps;ay;r,f/

&Gmol&Gmom;awGudk awGUqHkw,f/ tpnf;ta0;awG Photo-KT

9392


vkyfw,f/ olwdkYawG vufrSwfxdk;Muw,f/

Voice : tcktcsdeftxd tDwmvsH-xdkif;bufu b,f tcktcsdeftxd tDwmvsH-xdkif;bufu b,f

tcsdefrSm p0ifr,f/ bm tcsdefrSm p0ifr,f/ bm Project t&ifvkyfr,f? pwJh t&ifvkyfr,f? pwJh

Project Planing u bmawG&SdNyDvJ/u bmawG&SdNyDvJ/

UTMS : Project Planing u &SdNyD;om; a&eufqdyfurf;

udk pvkyfr,f/ Deep Sea Port udk t&if paew,f/

tck pvkyfaeNyD/ Survey tqifhayghaemf/ aemuf Soil

Test awG bmawGvkyfaew,f/

Voice : a&eufqdyfurf;u a&eufqdyfurf;u ITD(tDwmvsH-xdkif;) ukrÜPD (tDwmvsH-xdkif;) ukrÜPD

wpfckwnf;vkyfrSmvm;/ wjcm;wkdif;&if;om; jrefrmvkyf wpfckwnf;vkyfrSmvm;/ wjcm;wkdif;&if;om; jrefrmvkyf

ief;&SifawGygao;vm;/ief;&SifawGygao;vm;/

UTMS : 'D Project u ITD wpfckwnf;vkyfrSm r[kwf

UTMS : olwdkY*sme,fvpfawGrodvkdY aerSmyg/ ITD u

Sub Contractor taeeJYiSm;wm/ olwdkYOuú|u olwdkY

owif;axmufawGudk ITD taeeJYyJ pum;ajymrSmyJ/

'D Project BuD;u DDC taeeJYyJ vkyfrSmyg/

Voice : tck tck ITD u xdkif;owif;pmawGa&m EdkifiH u xdkif;owif;pmawGa&m EdkifiH

wumowif;pm ukrÜPDawGua&m wumowif;pm ukrÜPDawGua&m ITD vkyfaewm vkyfaewm

vkdUyJ odMuwmaygh/ vkdUyJ odMuwmaygh/ DDC vdkY rodMubl;? tJ'gua&m vdkY rodMubl;? tJ'gua&m

b,fvdkjzpfvkdYvJ/b,fvdkjzpfvkdYvJ/

UTMS : tckupcgp&Sdawmh rodwmjzpfr,f/ aemufqkd

'D Project wpfckvkH; DDC &JU tcef;u@yJ/

Voice : tJ'D tJ'D DDC &JUtcef;u@u a&eufqdyfurf; &JUtcef;u@u a&eufqdyfurf;

wpfckwnf;vm;? txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkeftwGufygvm;/wpfckwnf;vm;? txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkeftwGufygvm;/

UTMS : tJ'gu 'DtxJrSmvkyfr,fh Project tukefvHk;

yJ/ vlawGu pufrIZkefvkdYodMuwm/ 'Dtxl;pD;yGm;a&;

Zkefaygh/ a&eufqdyfurf;a&m pufrIZkefa&maygif;NyD;

txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefvkyfrSm/ 'DtxJrSm tBuD;pm;pufrIZkef?

tao;pm;pufrIZkef? "mwkaA'eJY a&eHvkyfief;awG?

ausmufrD;aoG; "mwftm;ay;puf½HkawG trsm;BuD;/

tJ'DZkefawGtm;vHk;udk txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefvdkYajymwm/

jrefrmEdkifiH&JU txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefBuD;? 'gu bmvJqkd

awmh r[mrJacgifa'o&JU tpdwftydkif;BuD;wpfckaygh/

Voice : a&eufqdyfurf;pDrHudef;rSmygrSmu ajcmuf&Gm a&eufqdyfurf;pDrHudef;rSmygrSmu ajcmuf&Gm

aygh/ t&ifu ajryHkwGufxm;wm 19 &GmvdkY wGufxm; aygh/ t&ifu ajryHkwGufxm;wm 19 &GmvdkY wGufxm;

wm/ 'gt&if ajryHkxJygaewJh usefwJh&GmawGu 'DpufrI wm/ 'gt&if ajryHkxJygaewJh usefwJh&GmawGu 'DpufrI

ZkefxJae&r,hfoabmvm;/ZkefxJae&r,hfoabmvm;/

UTMS : tck wkdYay;wm 240 pwk&ef;uDvdkrDwm {u

ig;aomif;ausmfu 'Dckepf&GmeJY vHkavmufygw,f/

Voice : tJ'gu txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefwpfckvHk;twGuf tJ'gu txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefwpfckvHk;twGuf

vm;/vm;/

UTMS : [kwfygw,f/ tJ'D 240 pwk&ef; uDvdkrDwmeJY

vkHavmufygw,f/ Sea Port rSm Basain oHk;ck,lNyD;

wcsKdUpuf½HkawG tJ'DrSmwnfrSm/

Voice : tckvkyfr,hf a&eufqdyfurf;eJYtxl; pufrI tckvkyfr,hf a&eufqdyfurf;eJYtxl; pufrI

ZkefawGrSm ygvmr,fh a&eH"mwkvkyfief;awG? obm0 ZkefawGrSm ygvmr,fh a&eH"mwkvkyfief;awG? obm0

ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rIeJY vlawGqdk;usKd;jzpfapEdkifwJh[m ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rIeJY vlawGqdk;usKd;jzpfapEdkifwJh[m

awG ygvmr,faygh/ tJ'DtwGuf b,fvkdjyifqifxm;vJ awG ygvmr,faygh/ tJ'DtwGuf b,fvkdjyifqifxm;vJ

rodbl;/rodbl;/

UTMS : 'gu odyfta&;BuD;wJhtcsuf? tJ'g ITD udk

vnf; ay;vkyfvdkYr&bll;/ tpdk;&uvnf; vkyfvdkYr&bl;/

cifAsm;wkdYvnf; vkyfvdkYr&bl;? uRefawmfvnf; vkyfvdkY

r&bl;/ wpfcku Third Party wpfcku 0ifvkyfay;&r,f/

EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) ywf0ef;usif

npfnrf;rItpD&ifcHpm SIA (Social Impact Assessment)

vlrIpD;yGm;xdcdkufrI tpD&ifcHpm EPA ( ) HIA (Health

Impact Assessment) usef;rma&;xdcdkufrI tpD&ifcHpm?

tJ'gawmhvkyf&r,f/ tJ'D[mukdvkyfzkdY EdkifiHwumtqifh

&SdwJh xdkif;tajcpdkuf TEAM Consulting Engineering

and Mangement Company iSm;xm;NyD; tJ'DrSm xdkif;

ynm&SifawGvnf;ygw,f? jrefrmawGvnf; ygw,f/

olwkdYu ISO &xm;NyD;om; olwdkYpaeNyD/ pwkef;qdkawmh

Survey tqihfyJ &Sdao;w,f/

Voice : 'D 'D Project u u Dirty Industrial (npfnrf; (npfnrf;

pufrIZkef)awGygrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf obm0ywf0ef;usifeJY pufrIZkef)awGygrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf obm0ywf0ef;usifeJY

vlxkusef;rma&;udk xdckdufrSm aocsmoavmuf&Sdw,f/ vlxkusef;rma&;udk xdckdufrSm aocsmoavmuf&Sdw,f/

tJ'gawGudkumuG,fzdkY b,fvdktpDtrHawG&SdovJ/tJ'gawGudkumuG,fzdkY b,fvdktpDtrHawG&SdovJ/

UTMS : [kwfygw,f? tJ'guta&;BuD;w,f/ apmapm

uajymwJh EIA, SIA, EPA, HIA tJ'gawGu ta&;BuD;

w,f/ tJ'gawG Clear rjzpfbJ b,folrSvkyfrSm r[kwf

bl;/ olwkdYu EkdifiHwumukrÜPDjzpfwJhtwGuf tJ'gawG

Clear rjzpfbJ b,fbufurS ydkufqHacs;rSm r[kwfbl;?

wu,fynm&SifawG avhvmNyD;rS tJ'D Result u Clear

jzpfrSm Pass jzpfrS 'gudkcGihfjyKrSm/ 'DpDrHudef;udk bmvdkY

vkyf&rvJqdkawmh udk,fwkdYwdkif;jynf csrf;omzdkYtwGuf

vkyfwm/ EdkifiHtwGuf qdk;usKd;rsm;r,f? xdcdkufrIrsm;

r,fqkd vkyfrSmr[kwfbl;/


ajymif;a&TU&rnfha'ocHrsm;ukd jyefaqmufay;rnhf

tdrfykHpHi,f

pDrHudef;{&d,mtwGif;&Sd ½kd;&maetdrfwpfvkH;

bl;/ Dawei Development ukrÜPDqdkNyD;? ITD ESihf Max

wdkYaygif;NyD;vkyfrSm? Asia World uvnf; Sub Contractor

tjzpfygr,f/ Dawei Development ukrÜPDu w&m;0if

rSwfyHkwifNyD; Max u Board &SdolESpfa,muf? (tDwm

vsH-xdkif;) ITD u ESpfa,mufaygif;NyD; zGJUpnf;xm;wm/

'DrSm&SdwJh vkyfief;awGtm;vHk;udk EdkifiHjcm;om;vufxJ

xnhfrxm;bl;/ wkdif;&if;om; vkyfief;&SifawGvnf;

yg0ifw,f/

Voice : wpfckr&Sif;wmav;&SdvdkY xyfar;yg&apcifAsm/ wpfckr&Sif;wmav;&SdvdkY xyfar;yg&apcifAsm/

tckuawmh tckuawmh Dawei Development Company u u

vkyfr,hf tck vkyfr,hf tck The Nation wdkY wdkY Bangok Post wkdY xdkif; wkdY xdkif;

owif;pmawGrSm owif;pmawGrSm DDC taeeJY olwdkYpum;rajymbl;/ taeeJY olwdkYpum;rajymbl;/

ITD taeeJYyJ pum;ajymwm/ tJ'gudk &Sif;jyay;yg/taeeJYyJ pum;ajymwm/ tJ'gudk &Sif;jyay;yg/

9594


,ckESpfydkif;twGif; pwifwnfaqmufvsuf&Sdonhf xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;ESihf txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkeftwGif; ,ck

vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom a'ocHrsm;ESihf tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPDMum; v,f,majrESihf a&TUajymif;&Gmjyóemrsm;ukd

0dkif;0ef;ulnDajz&Sif;ay;&ef tqdkyga&eufqdyfurf;ESihf txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefjzpfay:vmNyD;aemuf a'ocHrsm;cHpm;vm

&rnhf obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf avxka&xknpfnrf;rIrsm;? usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;? qdk;usKd;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfu

BudKwifoHk;oyfEdkif&ef owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfazmfay;NyD; a'ocHrsm;udk todynmay;&ef? xm;0,fa'owGif;

zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm; qufvufvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef &nf&G,fzGJUpnf;xm;onhf xm;0,fa'ozGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;tzGJU Dawei

Development Association (DDA) \ ajyma&;qdkcGihf&Sdol OD;oefYZifESihfawGUqHkar;jref; azmfjyvdkufygonf/

Voice : Dawei Development Association (DDA) eJY ywfoufNyD;&Sif;jyay;yg/ b,ftcsdefrSmpzGJUNyD; b,fol eJY ywfoufNyD;&Sif;jyay;yg/ b,ftcsdefrSmpzGJUNyD; b,fol

awG yg0ifygovJcifAs/awG yg0ifygovJcifAs/

UTZ : xm;0,fzGHUNzdK;a&;toif; DDA qdkwmu uRef

awmfwdkY xm;0,fa'orSm ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rIeJY

usef;rm;a&;xdcdkufrItwGuf wtm;pdk;&drf&wJhausmufrD;

aoG;puf½HkwdkY? a&eH"mwkpuf½HkawGygr,hf txl;pD;yGm;a&;

ZkefwdkY vmvkyfr,fvdkY 2008 avmufuod&w,f/

2010 usawmh pDrHudef;pNyD; v,f,majrawGodrf;w,f/

vrf;awGazmufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh a'ocHawGu pdwfyl

vmw,f/ tJ'geJY 'DZifbmvrSmpwifNyD; ,ckvuf&Sd

pufrIZkefeJY a&eufqdyfurf;wnfaqmufr,hf a'owGif;

uvlawG? Impact cHpm;ae&wJholawG? bmoma&;

acgif;aqmifawG? xm;0,fNrdKUcHawGaygif;NyD; a'ocHawG

bmjzpfaervJ? 'D Project eJYywfoufNyD; bmawGcHpm;

&rvJ? bmqdk;usKd;awG&SdrvJqkdwm a'ocHjynfolvlxk

udk ajymjyzdkY? a'ocHawGukd,fpm;wifjyay;zkdY? aemufNyD;

a'ocHjynfolvlxkudk 'D Project eJYywfoufNyD; a'ocH

awG&JU tcGihfta&;bmawG&SdovJqdkwmudk odatmif

vkyfay;csifwm/ aemufwpfcku 'Da'o&JU pD;yGm;a&;?

ynma&;? usef;rma&;? obm0ywf0ef;usifudpö&yfawG

udk zGHUNzdK;atmifynmay;csifw,f/ tckawmh xm;0,f

a&eufqdyfurf;eJY ywfoufwmawG vkyfaeygw,f/

Voice : xm;0,fzGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJU xm;0,fzGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJU (DDA)taeeJY xm;0,f taeeJY xm;0,f

a'o&JU obm0ywf0ef;usifeJY a'ocHjynfolawG&JU a'o&JU obm0ywf0ef;usifeJY a'ocHjynfolawG&JU

ta&;ukd umuG,fay;zdkY ta&;ukd umuG,fay;zdkY Action Plan taeeJYbmawG taeeJYbmawG

vkyfaqmifzdkY&SdygovJ/vkyfaqmifzdkY&SdygovJ/

UTZ : tckvuf&Sd tzGJUzGJUNyD; a'ocHawG&JU toHudk

wjcm;jynfolawGeJY EdkifiHawmftpkd;&udkodatmif vkyf

ay;zdkY? a'ocHawG&JU qEúdkxkwfay;EdkifzkdY? a'ocHawG

tusKd;pD;yGm;cHpm;cGihf? vmvkyfwJhvlawG&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;

cHpm;cGihfawG avsmhenf;atmifjzpfvmr,hf Change awG

b,fvdkumuG,frvJ? &Sd&if;pGJpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;? ,Ofaus;

rI? ½dk;&m"avhawGukd b,fvdkumuG,fzdkY? a'ocHawG

tm;vHk; ylaygif;yg0ifvmatmif aqmif&GufzdkY? tck

vuf&Sduawmh Dawei Development Association u

ajr,mydkifqkdifcGihfeJYywfoufNyD; a'ocHawG ynmay;Zkef

twGif; tvkyfvkyfr,f/ jrefrmvkyfom;awGtwGuf

tvGeftEÅ&m,fBuD;ygw,f/ obmywf0ef;usifvJ ydkrdk

xdcdkufapwJh puf½HkawGjzpfygw,f/ xkdif;EdkifiHurvdkcsif

awmhvdkY jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vmvkyfwmvdkYvnf; xkdif;0efBuD;

csKyfa[mif; tbDqpfukd,fwkdif EdkifiHwumrD'D,mawG

udkajymcJhwm/ xdkif;EdkifiH &a,mif;jynfe,f rwåmyGwf

pufrIZkefrSm a'ocHawGeJY xkdif;tvkyform;jyóem

aygif;rsm;pGm cHpm;ae&vkdY 'Da&mufvmwJh pDrHudef;jzpf

w,fvdkY od&w,f/ rwåmyGwfpufrIZkefrSm 1982 ckESpf

uaepvdkY xdkif;EdkifiHzGHUNzdK;rItwGufqkdNyD; pufrIZkefpvkyf

w,f/ tJ'Da'o&JU pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;tm;vHk; ysufpD;

oGm;w,f/ a'ocHawG tvkyfvufrJh jzpfukefw,f/

pdkufysKd;ajrr&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;w,f/ tJ'DrSm &SdwJha&

uvnf; oHk;vkdYr&awmhbl;/ tpdk;&u 'Da'o&JU oHk;a&?

aomufa&roHk;&vdkYawmif trdefYxkwfxm;w,f/ uifqm

jzpfEdkifajcEIef;uvnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk;&JU 7 &mcdkifEIef;&Sdw,f/

tvkyfvufrJhuvnf; &a,mif;jynfe,frSm trsm;qHk;

jzpfaewmyJ/ 'gu tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPDu wm0ef

,lNyD; vkyfaewmyJ/ tDwmvsH-xdkif;u umuG,fay;zdkYeJY

aemifjzpfvmr,fh tusKd;qufawGudk ajymjyay;zkdY a&&Snf

pDrHudef;awG qGJxm;wmawG&Sdygw,f/

Voice : DDA eJY xm;0,fa'ocHawGu 'Da&eufqdyf eJY xm;0,fa'ocHawGu 'Da&eufqdyf

urf;eJYywfoufNyD; b,fvdkqEóabmxm;rsKd;&SdMu urf;eJYywfoufNyD; b,fvdkqEóabmxm;rsKd;&SdMu

ovJ/ a&eufqdyfurf;zGHUNzdK;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; bmvdkcsif ovJ/ a&eufqdyfurf;zGHUNzdK;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; bmvdkcsif

wm? b,ft&mu r&Sdoihfbl;qdkwmudk &Sifjyay;yg/wm? b,ft&mu r&Sdoihfbl;qdkwmudk &Sifjyay;yg/

UTZ : xm;0,fa'ocHawGeJY DDA tzGJUu vlawG

tm;vHk; weoFm&DzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIudk vkdcsifygw,f/

zHGUNzdK;rIudkvnf;vkdvm;w,f/ EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufzdkY

twGuf 'Da'oeJY a&eufqdyfurf; Project u tvGef

ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh a'ocHawGeJY jrefrmjynf

twGuf tEÅ&m,fr&SdEdkifr,hf Project rsdK; ydkvkdvm;yg

w,f/ Dirty Industry (npfnrf;rIpufrIZkefawG) ygvm

r,hf pDrHudef;rsKd;awmh rvkyfapcsifbl;/ vkyfvnf;rvkyf

oifhbl;/ Oyrm-ausmufrD;aoG;puf½Hk? a&eH "mwkpuf½Hk

awG[m a'ocHawGusef;rma&;ukd xdkif;ukrÜPDawmif

olwkdYxdkif;awG&JU jyóemudkr&Sif;Edkifbl;qdk&if uRefawmf Photo-KT

97


96

awGUqkHar;jref;rIrsm;

wkdYEdkifiHtwGuf b,fvdkwm0ef,lajz&Sif;ay;rvJqdkwm

pOf;pm;p&myg/ aemufwpfcku 75 ESpfqdkwJh Project

oufwrf;u xm;0,fa'oukd xkdif;vlrsKd;awG&JUvufxJ

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ajym&&if npfnrf;pufrIZkefawG rvdkcsifygbl;/ EdkifiH

twGuf a&&SnfwnfwJh Sustainable Development yJ

vdkcsifygw,f/

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odrf;a&;taMumif;awG? pufrIZkefOya'awGudk a'o odrf;a&;taMumif;awG? pufrIZkefOya'awGudk a'o

cHawG od&Sdem;vnfatmif b,fvkdpDpOfxm;vJ/cHawG od&Sdem;vnfatmif b,fvkdpDpOfxm;vJ/

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npfnrf;pufrIZkefawG&JU jzpfpOfawG? ajr,mOya'awG

taMumif; a'ocHawGudk yl;aygif;yg0ifapNyD; Informa-

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csifygw,f/

9998

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

owif;pmawG? *sme,fawG? TV awGrSm tckwavm

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tckvdk udk,fh&JUa'orSm tajcwnfNyD;vkyfr,fh pDrHudef;

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xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;pDrHudef;taMumif; pOf;pm;

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tm;omcsufu tvGefBuD;rm;wm/

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bufurf;ajc[m tifrwefrSvSyom,mNyD; emrnfausmf

armif;ruef urf;ajc&Sdygw,f/ xm;0,fom;wpfOD;

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tajctaeu tvGefaumif;rGefvSygw,f/

xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;vdkY ajymwJhae&mrSm

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xkwfNyD; EdkifiH&JUpD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIudk zefwD;EdkifcJh

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udef;[m w½kwfEdkifiHu emrnfBuD; Shenzhen txl;

pD;yGm;a&;a'oeJY yHkpHwlwpfckjzpfw,fvdkY qdkEdkifygvdrfh

r,f/ 'Dtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefrSm ukefxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief; Photo-KT

101100

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

awGudk tBuD;tus,faqmif&GufEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/

wu,fawmh 'DpDrHcsufaMumifh xm;0,fa'o[m

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tckvdk ajymif;vJvmwJhtajctaeudk oHk;oyf

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aqmif&GufwJhae&mrSm ywf0ef;usif xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdwm

awGU&ygw,f/ 'Dvdkrjzpfatmif BudKwifpOf;pm;zdkYvdkrSm

jzpfygw,f/ pOf;pm;vdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/ Oyrm

-BuD;rm;wJhpDrHcsufawG aqmif&Gufwdkif; Environmental

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xdcdkufrIudk qef;ppf&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk aqmif&GufNyD;rS

wwfEdkiforQ xdcdkufrIavsmhenf;atmif pDpOfaqmif&Guf

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jyif xdcdkufrItjyif urf;ajc&JU pDrHudef;rSmygwJhtwdkif;

befaumufNrdKUtxd azmufvkyfr,fhvrf;wpfavQmuf

b,fyHkb,fenf; xdcdkufEdkifrvJqdkwmudk xnfhoGif;

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w,f/ pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmf&mrSmvnf; NrdKUcH?

e,fcH? &GmcHvlawGeJY wdkifwdkifyifyif vkyfaqmifoGm;&rSm

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olawGu 'DudpöawGudk tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;wkdifyif

qHk;jzwfMuvdrfhr,fvdkY ,lqrdygw,f/

'Dxm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;pDrHudef;udk Regional

Development a'oqkdif&m wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rI½Iaxmifhu

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103102

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105104

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107106

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Pic-MPA

109108

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

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111110

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zGHUNzdK;rIa&SUwpfvSrf;ckefysH ausmfvTm;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/


Photo-Sayar Zaw

113112

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115114

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Reference: - Emissions of Hazardous air Pollutants

from coal-fi red power Plant., by Enviromental Health & Engnieering,

- Minamata and Mercury Issues in Japan, Citizens Against Chemicals Pollution (CACP), Japan http:// www.ne.jp-asahi/ kagaku/poco/

- Dirty Kilowats. pdf, www. kuuvikriver, info

- http:// www.eurelectric.org/


117116

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119118

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armif;ruefurf;ajcudk 0ifa&mufvmr,fh EdkifiHjcm;

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Munfhr,fqkd&if 1996 ckESpfuwnf;u *syefEdkifiHu

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ebl&Dudk qufoG,fr,fh um;vrf;azmufvkyfzdkYavhvmrI

awG jyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Duwnf;u xdkif;EdkifiHu xm;

0,fa'orSm a&eufqdyfurf;aqmufvkyfNyD; a'owGif;

ukefoG,fvrf;aMumif;topfwpfck azmufvkyfrIudk pdwf

0ifpm;cJhNyD; jrefrmppftpdk;&eJY aqG;aEG;rIawG&SdcJhw,fvdkY

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tusyftwnf;aMumifh xdkif;pD;yGm;a&;udk tBuD;tus,f

xdcdkufcJhwJhtwGuf jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&; jyefvnfemvef

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Sirapat Trinvuthipong eJY awGUqHkpOfwkef;u olu &Sif;jy

cJhygw,f/ tckvnf; xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;eJY txl;

pD;yGm;a&;Zkef tajccHtaqmufttHkawG wnfaqmuf

a&; pDrHudef;yHkpHa&;qGJwJhtxJrSm Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.

vnf;yg0ifygw,f/

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xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkefaqmufvkyfa&;

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urf;½dk;wef;wpfavQmufeJY xm;0,f-uefcsebl&D ta0;

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a&eufqdyfurf;eJYtwl oabFmwnfaqmufjyKjyif

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aqmufrSmjzpfygw,f/ a&eufqdyfurf;&JU ajrmufbuf

tpGef;rSm tBuD;pm;a&eH"mwkpufrIvkyfief; (Upstream

Petrochemical Industries) awGjzpfwJh a&eHcsufpuf½HkeJY

a&eHodkavSmifuefBuD;awG? obm0"mwfaiGU oefYpif

puf½Hk? "mwfaiGUodkavSmifuefawGeJY obm0"mwfaiGUeJY

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pufrIvkyfief;awGudk Upstream eJY Downstream qdkNyD;

cGJjcm;avh&Sd&mrSm Upstream pufrIvkyfief;awGrSm a&eH

pdrf;eJY obm0"mwfaiGUawGudk &SmazG? wl;azmf? xkwfvkyf?

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a&eH"mwk tajccHukefypönf;awGjzpfwJh yvwfpwpf?

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xkwfvkyfwJh puf½HkawG? um;wm,mpuf½HkawG? tenf

usausmufvTmawGrSm awGU&Sd&wwfwJh *spfyqrf (Gyp-

sum) uae aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;oHk; ypönf;awGeJY

vlUtoHk;taqmifypönf;trsKd;rsKd;xkwfvkyfwJh puf½HkawG

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ta&SUbufjcrf;u xm;0,fjrpfxJpD;0ifr,fh wvdkif;&m

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urf;eJY xkdif;EdkifiHe,fpyf Puh Nam Ron &Gmtxd quf

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133132

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

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w,f/

tJ'DavmufBuD;rm;wJh a&eufqdyfurf;eJY txl;

pD;yGm;a&;ZkefpDrHudef;BuD;udk tar&duefa':vm 8 'or

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xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;eJY txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefu

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xdkif;EdkifiH[m xm;0,fa'oudk bmjzpfvdkY pdwf0ifpm;

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tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPD&JU Marine Division u EdkifiH&yfjcm;

pDrHudef;nd§EdIif;a&;rSL; Sirapat Trinvuthipong &JU tajz

uawmh xdkif;EdkifiHrSm 'DvdktcsuftcsmuswJh yx0D

taetxm;rsKd; r&SdvdkYygwJh/ 'ghtjyif 'Dar;cGef;twGuf

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tcsufjzpfygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh a'owGif;eJY EkdifiH

wum ukefoG,fa&;eJYo,f,lydkYaqmifa&; (Regional

and Global Trade & Logistic) u@? pufrIZkefxlaxmif

a&; (Industrial Establishment) u@eJY xkdu@ESpfck

vHk;udk jznfhqnf;ay;r,fh obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;xkwf

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tvm;tvmtay: xkdif;tpdk;&eJY tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPD

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qdyfurf;uwpfqifh rJacgifa'oEdkifiHawGjzpfwJh xdkif;?

vmtdk? uarÇm'D;,m;? AD,uferfeJY w½kwfEkdifiHawmifykdif;

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ta&SUtv,fydkif;? tmz&dueJY Oa&mywdkYqDudk (wpfaeY

wjcm; tEÅ&m,frsm;vmwJh rvufuma&vufMum;udk

jzwfoef;p&mrvdkbJ) wifydkYEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ tjyef

tvSeftm;jzihf urÇmhwpfzufjcrf;u wifoGif;ukefawG

udkvnf; rJacgifEdkifiHawG[m xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;eJY

qufoG,fxm;wJh tm&Sta0;ajy;vrf;rBuD;uwpfqifh

o,faqmifcsdefrSmjzpfygw,f/

tDwmvsH-xkdif;ukrÜPD

'Dae&mrSm xdkif;EdkifiH&JU trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m

wGufcsufrIu befaumufNrdKUudk rJacgifa'oukefoG,f

a&;eJY o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; A[dkcsuftjzpf arQmfrSef;xm;

ygw,f/ a'owGif;EdkifiHawG&JU o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;

tajccHtaqmufttHkydkif;rSm tqifhtjrihfqHk;jzpfae

wm? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;0efaqmifrIydkif;rSm acwfrDae

wm? urÇmeJYcsdwfqufxm;EdkifwJh cdkifrmwJh aps;uGuf&Sd

aewmeJY jrefrm? vmtdk? uarÇm'D;,m;eJY AD,uferfEdkifiH

wdkYrS o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm;&JU qHkrSwfjzpf

aewm pwJhtcsufawG[m xdkif;EdkifiHtwGuf a'owGif;

pD;yGm;a&;A[dkcsufjzpfvmEdkifwJh tm;omcsufawGjzpfyg

w,f/ 'ghtjyif xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;udk wnf

aqmuf pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&vdkufjcif;[mvnf; 'Dqdyfurf;u

wpfqifh tdE´d,aps;uGufudk xdkif;ukefypönf;awG o,f

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awmhrSm jzpfygw,f/

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awG xlaxmifa&;[mvnf; xdkif;EdkifiHrSm&SdwJh pufrIZkef

awGaMumifhjzpfay:vmwJh obm0ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;

rIeJY jynfolUusef;rma&;qdkif&m jyóemawGudk ajz&Sif;

a&SmifvTJzdkY jzpfygw,f/

pufrIvkyfief;&SifawG wpfaeYwjcm; wdk;NyD;&ifqkdif

vm&wJh xdkif;jynfolawG&JU qefYusifrIawGeJY &v'f

taeeJY pufrIvkyfief;awGtay: Oya't&ydkrdkwif;usyf

vmaewmaMumifh xm;0,ftxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef[m xGuf

aygufwpfck jzpfvmvdrfhr,fvdkY xdkif;tpdk;&u ½Ijrif

xm;ygw,f/


wnfaqmufcGifhudk jrefrmtpdk;&eJY tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPD

wdkY pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkNyD; rMumcif 2010 jynfhESpf Edk0ifbmrSm

tJ'Dwkef;u xdkif;0efBuD;csKyf tzdqpfa0hcsmcsD0 (Abhisit

Vejjajiva) u ]]wcsKdUpuf½HkawGu xdkif;EdkifiHrSm tajccszdkY

roihfavsmfygbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh 'Dpuf½HkawGudk tJ'DrSm

(xm;0,frSm) wnfaqmufzdkY qHk;jzwfcJhwmyg}} vdkY ol&JU

tywfpOf ½kyfjrifoHMum; rdefYcGef;wpfckrSm ajymMum;

oGm;ygw,f/

2011 ckESpf ZGefvxJrSmyJ xkdif;pufrIvkyfief;toif;

csKyf&JU 'k-Ouú| wmepfqdk&wf (Tanit Sorat) u ]]jrefrm

awGu obm0ywf0ef;usifjyóemawGudk vspfvsL½Ixm;

wkef;ygyJ/ obm0ywf0ef;usifudk xdckdufapzdkY urÇmh

wpfjcm;ae&mawGrSm wm;jrpfxm;wJh tBuD;pm;pufrI

vkyfief;BuD;awGtwGuf xm;0,futajzwpfckyg}} vdkY

AFP owif;XmeeJY awGUqHkar;jref;cef;wpfckrSm ajymqdk

cJhygw,f/

'DajymqdkcsufawGt& xdkif;EdkifiHrSm obm0ywf

0ef;usifeJY vlUtzGJUtpnf;udk xdcdkuftEÅ&m,fjyKaewJh

pufrIvkyfief;awG&JU tajctae b,favmufqdk;qdk;

&Gm;&Gm; jzpfaeovJqdkwm rSef;MunfhEdkifygw,f/ (xdkif;

EdkifiH&JU tBuD;qHk; rwfwzGwf Map Ta Phut pufrIZkef

taMumif; a&SUtywfawGrSm qufvufazmfjyoGm;yg

r,f/)

wwd,tcsufjzpfwJh xm;0,fa'o&JU obm0

t&if;tjrpfawG xkwf,loHk;pGJEdkifrIrSm r[mAsL[mus

jcif;u xdkif;EdkifiHtwGuf yxreJY 'kwd,tcsufawGu

&nfrSef;csufawGatmifjrifa&;twGuf t"dutaMumif;

&if;jzpfaeygw,f/

wu,fawmh xdkif;EdkifiHrSm xm;0,fvdk a&euf

qdyfurf;eJY pufrIZkefwGJvsufwnfaqmufr,fh r[m

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w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH&JU awmifbufpGef; aumhaomif;NrdKU

uae awmifbufudk qufqif;oGm;&if xdkif;EdkifiHawmif

ydkif;u qmxkefa'o (Satun Province) rS ywfbm&m

(Pak Bara) a&eufqdyfurf;eJY (Southern Seaboard

Development Project)udk xdkif;tpdk;&ua&;qGJ taumif

txnfazmfzdkYBudK;pm;cJhwm ESpftawmfMumygNyD/ 'gayrJh

a'ocHjynfolawG&JU tjyif;txefqefYusifuefYuGufrI

aMumifh taumiftxnfrazmfEdkifbJ &SdaecJhygw,f/

'DtajctaeeJYywfoufNyD; xdkif;tpdk;&&JU ukef

oG,fa&; 0efBuD;a[mif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpf? trsKd;om;pD;yGm;

a&;eJY vlrIa&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; bkwftzGJU (NESDB)

&JU 'g½dkufwmwpfOD;vnf;jzpfcJhwJh em½kefcsKdif; tu&m

pefeD; Narongchai Akrasanee u ]][dkwkef;u uRefawmf

wdkY Southern Seaboard eJY Pak Bara a&eufqdyf

urf;taMumif; ajymavh&SdMuw,f/ 'gayrJh tckawmh

tJ'gawGtm;vHk;udk arhvdkufMuygawmh/ xdkif;EdkifiHrSm

t"du&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGjzpfwJh oHrPdpufrIvkyfief;BuD;

awG xm;0,fudk aocsmaygufa&TUajymif;&awmhrSmyg/

xdkif;jynfolawGu tJ'DpufrIvkyfief;BuD;awGudk qefYusif

xkdif;EdkifiH[m olYEdkifiHwGif;rSm

'Dvdknpfnrf;wJhpufrIvkyfief;awG

qufvufwdk;csJUxlaxmifoGm;zdkY

tcufBuHKaevdkY

xm;0,fudkrsufpduswm[m

taMumif;tcsufwpfckyJjzpfygw,f/

xm;0,fpDrHudef;{&d,m

135134

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

ckESpfckESpf &wemurf;vGef &wemurf;vGef

obm0"mwfaiGUobm0"mwfaiGU

&JwHcGefurf;vGef &JwHcGefurf;vGef

obm0"mwfaiGUobm0"mwfaiGU

pkpkaygif;wifoGif;rI pkpkaygif;wifoGif;rI

yrmPyrmP

xkdif;EkdifiH jynfwGif; xkdif;EkdifiH jynfwGif;

xkwfvkyfrIpkpkaygif;xkwfvkyfrIpkpkaygif;

jrefrmjynfyrSjrefrmjynfyrS

wifoGif;rI (%)wifoGif;rI (%)

1998 2 2 1698 0.11%

1999 2 2 1860 0.10%

2000 129 36 165 1953 8.44%

2001 377 119 496 1900 26.10%

2002 418 199 617 1986 31.06%

2003 410 275 686 2077 33.02%

2004 439 287 726 2158 33.64%

2005 431 426 857 2292 37.39%

2006 452 417 869 2353 36.93%

2007 473 433 906 2515 36.02%

2008 434 394 828 2778 29.80%

2009 409 394 803 2990 26.85%

jrefrmEdkifiHrS xdkif;EdkifiHodkY ESpfpOfwifoGif;aom obm0"mwfaiGUyrmP

Unit: MMSCFD

Energy Policy and Planning Offi ce (EPPO), Thailand

uefYuGufaevdkY uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkrS a&SUqufwdk;vdkY

r&wJh tajctaeyg}} vdkY befaumuftajcpdkufae;&Sif;

(The Nation) t*Fvdyfowif;pmudk 2011 ckESpf rwfv

xJrSm ajymMum;cJhygw,f/

'gayrJh xkdif;EdkifiH[m olYEdkifiHwGif;rSm 'Dvdknpfnrf;

wJhpufrIvkyfief;awG qufvufwdk;csJUxlaxmifoGm;zdkY

tcufBuHKaevdkY xm;0,fudk rsufpduswm[m taMumif;

tcsufwpfckyJjzpfygw,f/ 'Dxufta&;BuD;wJh wjcm;

r[mAsL[m tusKd;pD;yGm;wpfckuawmh wpfaeYwjcm;

vdktyfcsufBuD;rm;vmaewJh xdkif;EdkifiH&JU pGrf;tifvHkNcHK

rIudk jznfhqnf;ay;r,fh jrefrmjynfu pGrf;tift&if;

tjrpfawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk xm;0,fpDrHudef;u

b,fvdkjznfhpGrf;ay;EdkifygovJ/

xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tBuD;

qHk; obm0"mwfaiGUodkufBuD;ESpfckjzpfwJh rkwåryifv,f

auGUu &wemeJY weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;tvGef tef'ref

yifv,fxJu &JwHcGefwdkYtMum;rSm yx0Dtaetxm;

t& r[mAsL[musus wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ 'Dtcsuf

wpfckwnf;u tpOfwpdkufBuD;xGm;aewJh EdkifiH&JUpGrf;

tifoHk;pGJrIudk jznfhqnf;EdkifzdkYtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHu

obm0"mwfaiGUwifydkYrIudk tm;udk;ae&wJh xdkif;EdkifiHudk

xm;0,fpDrHudef;rSm &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHzdkY qGJaqmifaewmyg/

rkwåryifv,fauGUxJu obm0"mwfaiGUodkuf

awGrSm xdkif;EdkifiHu b,favmufrsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHxm;

ovJqdkwm avhvmMunfh&atmifyg/

xdkif;EdkifiH&JU tBuD;qHk;a&eHukrÜPDpkBuD;&JU PTTEP

(PTT Exploration and Production Public Company

Ltd.) ukrÜPD&JU tifwmeuf0ufqdkufrSm wifxm;wJh

tcsuftvufawGt& PTTEP [m rkwåryifv,fauGU

xJu obm0"mwfaiGU&SmazGxkwfvkyfa&; vkyfuGuf

trSwf M3, M4, M7, M9 eJY M11 wdkYudk 100 &mcdkifEIef;

tjynfhydkifqkdifxm;NyD; tJ'DvkyfuGufawGtm;vHk;&JU teD;

qHk;ae&m[m xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;yJ jzpfygw,f/

'ghtjyif jyifopfEkdifiHtajcpdkuf wkdw,f (TOTAL)

a&eHukrÜPDBuD;u wl;azmfxkwfvkyfcGifh&xm;wJh obm0

"mwfaiGUwGif;awG&JU 25 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef;eJY rav;&Sm;

EdkifiHtajcpdkuf ywfx½dkeyfpf (Petronas) a&eHukrÜPD

BuD;u wl;azmfxkwfvkyfaewJh obm0"mwfaiGUawG&JU

19 'or 3178 &mcdkifEIef;udkvnf; PTTEP u ydkifqkdif

xm;ygw,f/

'gaMumifh obm0"mwfaiGU odkavSmifuefawG?

'D"mwfaiGUawGudk toihfoHk;pGJEdkifwJhtqifhtxd t&nf

tjzpf oefYpifajymif;vJr,fh puf½HkawGeJY xm;0,fa&euf

qdyfurf;uae xdkif;EdkifiH uefcseyl&Dc½dkiftxd "mwfaiGU

ydkufvdkif; oG,fwef;wifydkYr,fh tpDtpOfawGudk a&euf

qdyfurf;eJY txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefpDrHudef;BuD;rSm xdkif;EdkifiH&JU

r[mAsL[m tusKd;pD;yGm;awGtjzpf a&;qGJxm;ygw,f/

'DvdkvkyfEdkifr,fqdk&if xkwfvkyfp&dwf tukef

tusoufomNyD; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; avmifpmqDaps;EIef;

jrifhwufrIudk tpdk;&taeeJY txdkuftavsmufxdef;xm;

EkdifrSmjzpfovdk a&eHcsufpuf½HkawGeJY obm0"mwfaiGU

oefYpifpuf½HkawGaMumifh aemufqufwGJjzpfay:vmr,fh

obm0ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rIjyóemawG xdkif;EdkifiH

rSm wdk;yGm;rvmatmif a&Smif&Sm;&mvnf;usygw,f/

xdkif;EdkifiH&JU obm0"mwfaiGUoHk;pGJrI[m wpfaeY

wjcm; jrifhrm;vmaeygw,f/ xdkif;tpdk;&&JU pGrf;tif

rl0g'eJY pDrHudef;qdkif&m½Hk; EPPO (Energy Policy and

Planning Offi ce of Thailand) &JU udef;*Pef;tcsuf

tvufawGt& vGefcJhwJh 12 ESpfwm umvtwGif; jrefrm

EdkifiHuae xdkif;EdkifiHudkwifoGif;cJhwJh obm0"mwfaiGU

yrmP[m yxr 2 ESpf jzpfwJh 1998 eJY 1999 ckESpf

wdkYrSm wpfaeYudk ukAayoef;aygif; 2 oef; pwifwif

oGif;cJhNyD; aemufydkif;ESpfawGrSm wjznf;jznf;jrihfrm;

vmNyD; 2009 ckESpfrSm wpfaeYudk ukAayoef;aygif;

803 oef;txd wdk;wufcJhygw,f/ 'g[mqdk&if xdkif;

EdkifiH&JU jynfwGif;obm0"mwfaiGUxkwfvkyfrI&JU 26 'or

85 &mcdkifEIef; &Sdygw,f/

xdkif;tpdk;&&JU Electricity Generating Authority

of Thailand (EGAT) u xkwfjyefxm;wJh "Summary

of Thailand Power Development Plan 2010-2030"

pDrHudef; tpD&ifcHpmu 2010 jynfhESpfrSm EdkifiHwGif;

vQyfppf"mwftm;oHk;pGJrI tjrihfrm;qHk; 23239 r*¾g0yf

jzpfNyD; 2030 ckESpfrSm 52890 r*¾g0yftxd wdk;wuf

vmr,fvdkY wGufcsufcefYrSef;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh

vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwfvkyfzdkYtwGuf obm0"mwfaiGU

vdktyfcsufuvnf; jrifhrm;vmr,fqdkwm cefYrSef;Edkifyg

w,f/

xdkif;EdkifiH[m obm0"mwfaiGUpGrf;tifukd vQyfppf

"mwftm; xkwfvkyfwJhae&mrSm trsm;qHk;toHk;csNyD;

pufrI vkyfief;u 'kwd,ae&mvdkufygw,f/ EPPO &JU

udef;*Pef; awGt& vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwfvkyfa&;rSm

obm0"mwfaiGUoHk;pGJrIyrmP[m wpfEdkifiHvHk; obm0

"mwfaiGUoHk;pGJrI pkpkaygif; &JU 68 'or 32 &mcdkifEIef;

(ukAay 2ç435 oef;) &SdNyD; pufrIu@u oHk;pGJrIrSm

10 'or 85 &mcdkifEIef; (ukAay 387 oef;) &Sdygw,f/

'DyrmP[m vGefcJhwJhESpf 20 u udef;*Pef;jzpfwJh

1989 ckESpf xdkif;EdkifiH&JU obm0"mwfaiGU oHk;pGJrIyrmP

eJY EIdif;,SOf&if 6 'or 7 qavmuf jrihfrm;vmwmudk

awGU&ygw,f/

vmr,fh ESpf 20 twGif; BuD;xGm;vmr,fh xdkif;

pD;yGm;a&;u pGrf;tifoHk;pGJrIvkdtyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;

EdkifzdkYtwGuf jrefrmeJY vmtdkwdkYeJY obm0"mwfaiGU

ydkufvdkif;awG? vQyfppfr[m"mwftm;vdkif;awGudk oG,f

wef;wnfaqmufNyD; EdkifiH&JUpGrf;tifvHkNcHKa&; tmrcHcsuf

&&Sda&;twGuf xdkif;tpdk;&taeeJY r[mAsL[majrmuf

BudK;pm;taumiftxnfazmfaewm xdkif;pGrf;tifrl0g'eJY

pDrHudef;awGt& awGU&ygw,f/

a&SUwpfywfrSm xdkif;EdkifiHu pufrIvkyfief;awG

aMumifh obm0ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rItajctaeawG

udk qufvufwifjyoGm;ygr,f/

xdkif;EdkifiHu rufwzGwf Map Ta Phut pufrIZkef\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh

jynfolUusef;rma&; jyóemrsm;

xdkif;yifv,fauGUa'ou &a,mif; (Rayong) a'o

[m xm;0,fvdkyJ ajzmifhwef;vSywJh oJjzLyifv,furf;

ajcwpfckudk ydkifqdkifxm;ygw,f/ 1980 jynfhvGefESpfawG

tapmydkif;umv xdkif;yifv,fauGUrSm obm0"mwfaiGU

odkufawGU&SdcJhcsdefupvdkY yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;? pkdufysKd;

a&;vkyfief;awGeJY toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKaewJh 'Da'o

[m pufrIvkyfief;awG&JU A[dkcsuftjzpf tBuD;tus,f

ajymif;vJcJhygw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefumvrSm xdkif;EdkifiH[m urÇmha&eHaps;

BuD;jrihfrIjyóemeJY &ifqdkifae&ovdk? xdkif;bwfaiG

137136

tjrifrsm; tjrifrsm;

wefzdk;[mvnf; tar&duefa':vm? *syef,ef;aiGwefzdk;

wdkYeJY,SOf&if tawmfav;usqif;aecsdefvnf; jzpfyg

w,f/ EdkifiHwGif;xkwfvkyfrIp&dwf BuD;jrihfvmwJh *syef?

awmifudk&D;,m;eJY xdkif0rfwdkYvdk zGHUNzdK;NyD;p ta&SUtm&S

EdkifiHawGu pufrIvkyfief;&SifawG[m xkwfvkyfrIp&dwf

oufomwJh ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHawGrSm &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHzdkY

&SmazGaecsdefvnf; jzpfygw,f/

'DtajctaeawGudk oHk;oyfrdwJh xkdif;tpdk;&[m

&ifqdkifae&wJh pD;yGm;a&;tcuftcJudk ausmfvTm;Edkifr,fh

tcGifhtvrf;wpf&yftjzpf obm0"mwfaiGUodkuf wnf

&Sd&m xdkif;yifv,fauGU &a,mif;c½dkifrSm ta&SUbufyif

v,furf;ajczGHUNzdK;a&; (Eastern Seaboard Development

Plan) trnf&SdwJh zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wpf&yfudk taumif

txnf pazmfcJhygw,f/ rufwzGwf (Map Ta Phut)

a'oudk pufrIZkefxlaxmifNyD; ta&SUtm&SEdkifiHawGqDu

t&if;tESD;awG xdkif;EdkifiHwGif; pD;0ifvmatmif vkyfEdkif

cJhygw,f/

rufwzGwf pufrIZkefrSm tajccHtaqmufttHk

awG wnfaqmufzdkY &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI[m xdkif;bwfaiG

oef;aygif; 370ç000 &SdcJhygw,f/ vuf&Sd a':vmaps;eJY

wGuf&if a':vmoef;aygif; 12ç000 (12 'or 5 bDvsH)

&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh xm;0,fa&eufqdyfurf;eJY pufrI

Zkef&JU tajccHtaqmufttHk wnfaqmufrIrSm &if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHrIyrmPcsif; odyfruGmygbl;/

tvm;wlyJ rufwzGwfwnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;

awGrSm t"duyg0ifcJhwm[m xm;0,fpDrHudef;udk taumif

txnfazmfaewJh tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrÜPD jzpfygw,f/

ukrÜPD&JU xm;0,fpDrHudef; refae*sif;'g½dkufwm qGrfcsuf

wDemaygif (Somchet Thinaphong) [mvnf; rufwzGwf

pufrIZkef pDrHudef;a&;qGJwJhtxJrSm yg0ifcJholwpfOD;jzpf

ygw,f/

tJh'gaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm wnfaqmufr,fh

xm;0,f txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef[m rufwzGwfeJY EdIif;pm&if

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