31
M. Pourkashanian Director, UKCCSRC PACT www.pact.ac.uk J. Gibbins Director, UKCCSRC www.ukccsrc.ac.uk

PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

M. PourkashanianDirector, UKCCSRC PACT www.pact.ac.uk

J. GibbinsDirector, UKCCSRC www.ukccsrc.ac.uk

Page 2: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

UK CCS Research CentrePilot Advanced Capture Technology Facilities• National facility – too big for an individual university to use fully• Established early 2012 as an integral part of the UK CCS Research 

Centre, now fully operational• £3M capital + £1M operating costs from DECC and EPSRC for all PACT 

facilities, plus equipment donation from RWE• Covers CCS and power from gas, coal and biomass• Right‐sized facilities – can be operated for extended periods at 

sustainable costs and modified rapidly• Emphasis on capability to vary conditions and make detailed 

measurements rather than size (i.e. we are researchers, not industry  or equipment manufacturers seeking to demonstrate the biggest and  shiniest plants)

• Allows the UK to compete in Europe with long‐established national  research centres

• Contracts for approx £1M industry and £1M academic testing on  solvents in place; amine plant fully booked for next 2 years

• Six applications involving 10 universities included PACT testing

in bids  to the latest EPSRC Capture Challenge Call

Page 3: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

IPCC Special Report on CCS, 2004

Hydrocarbon fuels

Types of Carbon Capture Technology 

and hydrocarbon production

Page 4: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

IEA GHG (2006), CO2 capture as a factor in power station investment decisions, Report No. 2006/8, May 2006

Costs include compression to 110 bar but not storage and transport 

costs.  These are very site‐specific, but indicative aquifer storage costs 

of $10/tonne CO2

would increase electricity costs for natural gas 

plants by about 0.4 c/kWh and for coal plants by about 0.8 c/kWh.

Natural gas plants Coal/solid fuel plants

IEAGHG 2006:  electricity  costs for capture options

Note high fuel component for gas

P O S T

P R E

O X Y P

O S T

P R E

O X Y

Page 5: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Illustrative

cost breakdown for UK generation options (2009/2011)

Based on Redpoint: Decarbonising

the GB power sector: evaluating investment pathways, generation

patterns and 

emissions through to 2030, A Report to the Committee on Climate Change, September 2009.

2008 capital costs, assumed £30/tCO2

carbon price, gas price £12.5/MWhth

, coal price £6.25/MWhth

. 10% interest rate 

£/MWh

If wind or nuclear is run as fill 

in power then costs go up even 

more than for fossil

If CCGT+CCS is costed

at 20% 

LF then 63% LF electricity at 

very low cost is not being used.

Generating Technology and Load Factor

Low carbon electricity supply and distribution – Grid balancing and  threats to grid stability,  Jon Gibbins, Presentation to DECC Science Advisory Group meeting, 15th

July 2011, London

Page 6: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

The Energy Innovation Processhttp://www.energyresearchpartnership.org.uk/Innovation+Landscape

Page 7: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

• Obvious that the 2nd

generation of a CO2

capture technology will be  better than the 1st

generation and the 3rd

better than the 2nd

and so 

on.  This is ‘learning by doing’!

• But a novel technology that first comes to market at the same time as  2nd, 3rd

etc. generations of established technologies cannot itself 

anything be anything but a 1st

generation of that particular novel  technology. 

7

Incremental development and  novel technologies –

need both

Novel technologies may be better than later generations of pre‐ established technologies when they both come to market –

but this 

cannot be taken for granted as for true 2nd and 3rd generations of a  technology compared to the 1st generation of the same technology.

It is a common fallacy (or deliberate attempt to imply superiority) to call  novel CO2

capture technologies ‘2nd or 3rd generation’

when they  come to market they will be 1st generation examples of that technology

Novel technologies will also need incremental development!

Page 8: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Previous expectation that fundamental CCS research will be either:• relatively high‐level exploration of a range of novel issues, with key 

outputs often intended to inform policy makers, or • early stages of development for novel technologies.  

Now additional learning‐by‐doing opportunities exist: • maximise future impact for ongoing research;• human and infrastructure capacity development

UKCCSRC complementary strategies for feedback from learning‐by‐doing:A.

Research and Pathways to Impact Deliver (RAPID) process; academics 

and other stakeholders systematically identify knowledge required;B.  Larger‐scale pilot plants and trial storage injections including UKCCSRC 

PACT facilities

and links with other relevant facilities within the UK and  overseas; and

C.  Closest possible links with relevant full‐scale CCS projects

and the  people who are, or will be, developing, building and operating them  (anywhere in the world since there are currently so few opportunities).

Completing the chain ‐

a new age  for CCS Research?

Page 9: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

The name plaque for the UK‐China (GD) CCUS Centre, founded under the Guangdong MOU, 

being handed over by Xie

Zhenhua, a vice chairman of the National Development and 

Reform Commission and the lead negotiator for the People's Republic of China in the last 

three United Nations Climate Change Conferences. This was part of the launch ceremony 

for the Guangdong emission trading scheme, on 19 December 2013. 

Guangdong – planning 1MtCO2

/yr  demonstration project

Also wider  China links:

MOST 20/2/14NDRC 27/3/14

Page 10: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

About PACT

• Pilot‐scale Advanced Capture Technology facilities – Funded jointly by the EPSRC and DECC – Partners: Cranfield, Edinburgh, Imperial, Leeds, Nottingham, 

Sheffield– Part of the UK Carbon Capture & Storage Research Centre 

(UKCCSRC)• Scope: Specialist national facilities for research in advanced fossil‐

fuel energy, bioenergy

and carbon capture technologies– Comprehensive range of pilot‐scale facilities – Specialist research and analytical facilities – Supported by leading academic expertise

• Aim: Catalyse and support industrial and academic research to  accelerate the development and commercialisation of novel 

technologies• Objectives

– Bridge gap between bench‐scale R&D and industrial pilot trials– Provide shared access to industry and academia

Page 11: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

PACT Locations

• 3 Facility Sites • PACT Office

Page 12: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Edinburgh PACT Facilities

• Advanced Capture Testing in  a Transportable Remotely‐

Operated Mini‐lab  (ACTTROM)

• Integrated, mobile carbon  capture media testing 

laboratory• Designed for long‐term on‐

site testing of CO2

capture  media on real flue/process  gases with a possibility of 

multiple parallel tests • Facility is transported to the 

test site and connected  directly to onsite 

flue/process gases• Remotely monitored and 

operated by University of  Edinburgh

• About to go on site at  Peterhead

• ACTTROM–Aids technology development and scale‐

up for technology developers –Provides site‐specific operational data to 

operators, for example, in advance of the  deployment of a specific capture system 

Page 13: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Cranfield PACT Facilities 

• PACT is part of new energy  facilities at Cranfield 

• 750kWth Burner Rig for  Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path 

Research• 350kWth Circulating 

Fluidised Bed Facility• 50kWth Chemical/Calcium 

Looping Facility• 150kWth Pulverised Fuel 

rig• Dense‐phase CO2

Flow  Loop Rig

Page 14: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

PACT Beighton Facilities 

• Solvent‐based (Amine) Carbon Capture Plant (SCCP) 

• Gas Mixing Facility (GMF) synthetic flue/process 

• 250kW Air/Oxy Combustion Plant 

• 25kW Air/Oxy Solid Fuel Combustion Rig 

• 300kW (CHP)Gas

Turbine System planned FGR and HAT

• Analytical facilities: – Online monitoring 

– Onsite analytical labs • Complementary combustion research facilities

Page 15: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

CAPABILITIES: 1.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (synthetic flue gas)

2.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (coal/biomass)

3.

Oxyfuel

carbon capture 

(coal/biomass)

4.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (Gas Turbines)

PACT Core Facility: Overview A plug‐and‐play facility!

Page 16: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Gas heaters

250kW Air/Oxy 

Combustion Rig

Oxyfuel

gas 

mixing skidTrace 

gases

Steam boiler 

and injection 

skid EGR

Large gas 

storage tanks: 

N2

, CO2 

and O2

Gas TurbinesFuels

Site stack

Central 

exhaust 

duct

Exhaust Gas RecycleEGR

Amine Plant 

Air 

compressor 

Synthetic Flue Gas 

Mixing  facility (O2

CO2

, N2

, trace gases)

Air supply skid 

CAPABILITIES: 1.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (synthetic flue gas)

2.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (coal/biomass)

3.

Oxyfuel

carbon capture 

(coal/biomass)

4.

Post‐combustion carbon 

capture (Gas Turbines)

PACT Core Facility: Overview Key to components

Page 17: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Applications

• Testing & development of  alternative solvents

• Benchmarking & energy  requirements

• Solvent degradation & enhancement  studies 

• Real aged solvents assessment

• Plant and system modelling 

• Assessment of plant flexibility and  performance with different fuels 

(e.g. biomass) or other conditions

• Integrated systems modelling and  control

• Validation of baseline economics

Solvent‐based CO2

Capture Plant

Page 18: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Solvent‐based CO2

Capture Plant

Page 19: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

1. Flue gas in

3. Solvent sprayed from top

6. Pre- heat CO2 rich solvent

4. Absorption at 40ºC, but temp raises due to exothermic reaction 7. Heat CO2 rich solvent to 120ºC to

reverse reaction and release solvent

2. Sulphur removal

8. Reflux condenser

9. Vent to atmosphere (or transport)

5. Flue gas (-CO2 ) wash 11. Water

top up

10. Fresh Solvent charge/top-up

Solvent‐based CO2

Capture PlantKey to processes

Page 20: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Synthetic Flue Gas/ Process Gas Facility

Overview

• Three gas metering and  mixing lines, fed from 

O2

, CO2

and N2

storage  tanks

• Complemented by trace  gas injection NOx

and 

SOx, other trace gases 

• Generate simulated   flue/process gases

• Connected directly to  the Solvent‐based 

Carbon Capture Plant

Page 21: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

ApplicationsCarbon capture from a variety of combustion processes with different  concentration of CO2or trace gases Simulate system‐specific conditions Evaluate impact and system flexibility for different process conditions/fuels 

CO2

capture from  industrial processes 

(Steel, Cement,…)capture from a variety of 

combustion processes with 

different  concentration of 

CO2

or trace gases Process gases can differ 

considerably from 

conventional power plant 

flue gasesDevelop bespoke solutions 

for industrial installations Enable work off‐site where 

site/process constraints 

might make it difficult to set‐

up onsite testingLong‐term solvent evaluation

Synthetic Flue Gas/ Process Gas Facility

Page 22: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250kW Air/Oxy Combustion Plant

Overview• ~250kWth, 4.5m high; 0.9m radius, cylindrical, 

down‐fired rig with 8 sections 

• Fuel: Coal, Biomass, Co‐firing, Gas (primarily preheating)

• 2 x (interchangeable) coal/biomass burners ‐

scaled 

from Doosan

Power Systems  commercial low‐NOx

burners

• Dedicated, high precession air metering skid 

• Flue gas candle filter ( >99% ash removal); 

• Furnace pressure (negative) balanced by exhaust fan• Temperature and flow monitored water cooling system for 

the combustion rig, flue gas duct and heat exchanger.

• SCADA operating system with internet monitoring 

Page 23: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250kW Air Combustion Plant

Page 24: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250kW Oxyfuel

Combustion Plant 

Page 25: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250kW Air/Oxy Plant ‐

Analytical

Online monitoring 

• Highly instrumented rig

• Temperature + pressure  monitoring

• Combustion gas analysis: O2,  CO, CO2, NOx, THC (Signal 

analyser) 

• Combustion Gas Analysis  (Servomex

2700) 

• Provisions for ash deposition,  slagging

and fouling studies for 

coal burnout and ash  characterisation

• Thermal imaging and laser  diagnostics

Probe access ports 3D/2D visualisation/imaging ports

Page 26: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250kW Air/Oxy Plant ‐

Analytical

• In‐flame temperature  profiles using suction  pyrometry

• Heat flux profiles using  an ellipsoidal radiometer 

and total heat flux  probes

• Laser Induced  Fluorescence (LIF) 

• In‐flame and exhaust  species profiles

• 3D Particle Image Velocimetry

(PIV), Laser Doppler Velocimetry

(LDV);• Flame characterisation, including 

shape, luminosity, and frequency, using 2D and 3D flame imaging with  photographs and videos as well as computer tomographic

reconstruction 

of the flame in 3D• Particle velocity profiles within the top section of the furnace

(for both 

non‐reactive and reactive species)

3D laser diagnostics and thermal imaging

Page 27: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Gas Turbine System Overview

• Two Turbec

T100  Microturbines

• Consume 330kW of  Natural gas 

• Fuel: Natural gas, biogas,  syngas, diesel, kerosene,  methanol, LPC

• Generation 100kWe and   150kWth 

• Overall efficiency up to  77% (33% electrical) 

Page 28: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Gas Turbine System:  EGR – Exhaust Gas Recycling 

• EGR system

• Selective EGR  with membrane 

technology   

Page 29: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

250 kW plant Gas Turbine

Control & Monitoring System 

Page 30: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Analytical Facilities: Labs

• Analytical labs• Unique Continuous Emission Monitoring 

mobile laboratory for  solid‐state detector 

based ICP‐OES (SUWIC)

• Cambustion

DMS500 Fast

particulate

analyser 

• CHNS/O Elemental Analyser

• GC MS and TG‐MS

• Thermogravimetric Analyser and TG‐MS

• FT‐IR and TG‐IR• Portable SERVOFLEX MiniMP

gas analysers 

(CO2

and O2

)

Page 31: PACT Core facilities Update - UKCCSRC · Cranfield PACT Facilities • PACT is part of new energy facilities at Cranfield • 750kWth Burner Rig for Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Research

Overview & Contacts

• Comprehensive research capability and support• Consolidating a wide range of facilities and supporting expertise• Maximising equipment utilisation through shared access to 

industry and academia • Services 

– R&D Services • Collaborative research • Contract research 

– Analytical services – Technical consultancy – Training