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OverviewWater Resources Engineering

By. Cita Adiningrum, ST., MT.

Water Resources Engineering (WRE)

Its about the conception, planning, and execution of designs to make use ofthe water (water utilization) or avoid damage from to much water (watercontrolling).

Water controlling : to control of water so it will not cause excessivedamage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss of life.

Ex : flood mitigation, storm drainage, sewerage, highway culvert .

Water utilization : to utilize the water for beneficial purposes.Ex : municipal water supply, irrigation, hydroelectric-powerdevelopment, navigation improvement , pollution control

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Problem Identifications (1)

Water quantity too much (Wet Periods Floods)too little (Dry Periods Drought)

Water queue Dry river

Floods, Jakarta

The nature of water availability variesboth time and space.

WA = f (x,t)

Problem Identifications (2)

Water quality pure quality of water resourcePollution threatens the utility of water for municipal and irrigation uses andseriously despoils the aesthetic value of river.

Jl. Thamrin, Banjir Feb. 1996, Majalah Alami

Polluted river

Clean river

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Resourcesfor life

Protection/conservationof resources

Over Exploitation of resources

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6 billion people in the world Plain forest Trash in Manggarai gate

National Geographic Pers Jakarta

21st Century population 4X, globalconsumption of fresh water 7X

Demand Behavior

Multi purposeMulti sectorWhich will lead to competitive use and conflicting objectives.

Jl. Thamrin, Banjir Feb. 1996, Majalah Alami

General approach for obtaining solution

Establishment of water resources developmentprogram

System engineering and system analysis Tools : simulation and optimization using

mathematic model.

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Studies & Facilities Required to solve theProblems of WRE

How much water is needed? How much water can be expected? Quantitative

Hydrology Probability Concepts in Planning Who may use the water? What kind of water is it? Chemical Bacteriological

Sediment What structural problems exist? Does project affect wild life or natural beauty? Is the project economic?

Although water covers nearly three-quarters of the earth, most isundrinkable seawater. Less than 3 percent is fresh water, and only a fractionof that is available for human use; the rest is locked in ice caps and glaciers.

Water Resource

Wateras anasset

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The fact is the total amount of water on Earth is relatively the sameeven when the Earth was created. The changes is form of water (freshwater / saline water) (surface water/groundwater)(freshwater/contaminated water).

If it is true, why in Dry season the water is scarce ?

Water never goes awayThis picture of the water (hydrologic) cycle shows how our planetrecycles water.

Water uses

The amount of precipitation falling on land is almost 110 000 km3 peryear. Almost two-thirds of this amount evaporates from the ground ortranspires from vegetation (forest, rangeland, cropland).The remaining 40 000 km3 per year is converted to surface runoff(feeding rivers and lakes) and groundwater (feeding aquifers). These arecalled renewable freshwater resources. Part of this water is beingremoved from these rivers or aquifers by installing infrastructure. Thisremoval of water is called water withdrawal. Most of the withdrawnwater is returned to the environment some period of time later, after ithas been used. The quality of the returned water may be less than thequality when it was originally removed.

three types of water withdrawal are distinguished :AgriculturalMunicipal (including Domestic)Industrial water withdrawal.

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the withdrawal ratios are 70 percentagricultural, 11 percent municipal and 19percent industrial.

But its biased strongly by the fewcountries which have very high waterwithdrawal.

Averaging the ratios of each individualcountry, we find that "for any givencountry" these ratios are 59, 23 and 18percent respectively.But the ratios also vary much betweenregions Developing / Developed country

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What is the meaning of :

Water use

Water withdrawn

Water consumed

Give an example (picture or data) that can strengthen your answer.

Vocabularies

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Topics for presentation

Potency and Utilization of Water Resource

Rainwater (1)

Surface water (Freshwater) River and Waterfall (2)Lake and Reservoir (3)

(Brackishwater) Swamp (4)

(Brinewater) Coastal and Seashore (5)

Groundwater Spring (6)Aquifer : Unconfined, Confined, Artesian Aquifer (7)

Underground river in Karst area (8)

Water quantity problem & Solution : Floods (9) and Drought (10)

(Freshwater)

(Freshwater)

After Mid

Water Management, Water Conservation, andOptimization for PlanningWater Law / Water Legal

Water Management

WR Optimization using Mathematical ModelLinier, Non Linier, and Dynamic Programming

UUD 1945 Pasal 33UU No.7 Tahun 2004 tentang SDA

PerMen No. 63 Th 1993 tentang Sempadan SungaiPP No.38 Th 2011 tentang Sungai

Integrated (terpadu/multisektor) ; Sustainable (and Conservation -Antar generasi dan Berwawasan Lingkungan) Water Management

River basin district

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The Ilustration of Water Resources Management

( One River One Plan One Integrated Management )

Water Resources Development Public Corporation JapanWater Resources Development Public Corporation, Japan

Concept

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Implementation of IWRM (1)

Good Governance

Transparency is a mustSupervision by many stakeholder

Participative in decision makingStrategy will be decided together

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Good Governance

Fair and non discriminatingEnhance public accountability

Equity in providingProfessionalism in services

Implementation of IWRM (2)

Wise and optimal utilizationResponsive to aspiration and complaints

Good Governance

Implementation of IWRM (3)

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Scope of Activities

1.Catchment area management

2.Water quantity management

3.Water quality management

4.Flood management

5.River environment management

6.Water resource infrastructure management

Catchment area management

Wrong land management Terasering system

PERUM JASA TIRTA I

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Water quantity management

Water warranty for basic necessities of life, food, economy, and ecosystem

Ditjen SDA

Water quality management

PERUM JASA TIRTA I NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

Polluted river versus clean river

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www.bom.gov.auBureau of Meteorology Australian Government

Stream gauge & stationtelemetry in South Dakota Flood sirine

Flood managementFlood Warning System

River environment management

RIVERS OF JAPANKompas, 06 07 03

Floodplain Ciliwung River and Yodo river

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No Levee

With Levee

Water resource infrastructuremanagement

Perum Jasa Tirta I

Dam safety monitoring and O & M of reservoir