C[ [O.\IEHWJKA [;A[ J[nmA

MapKO Tl o ii o e u ti

y 4K 904"652"('19 711) HACAE1)E

OCTAIJI1 AHTI1QKOrCl1Hrl14YHYMA Y YPBAHOMJE3rpy CABPEMEHOr rpA4A

T pa~O~M zryre ncropnje rpa4a,

KOJM Je npe rOTOBO 4Ba MMAeHM­

jyMa 3aCHOBaH xpai yrnha Case y

4yHaB, y A11KY caspenenor BcorpaaarOTOBO ;1a 11 H11CY np11CYTH11. PeTKa cy

CTapa eBponCKa yp6aHa Cpe411WTa

xoja cy TOKOM csor ztvror 'rpajan.a TO­

A11KO nyTa 611Aa pyweHa 11 nOHOBO

rpahena, xao WTO je TO 6MO CAy-raj ca

OB11M rpa40M. Hayaerau CTpaTeWK11

nOAO>Kaj, na rpaH11IJ11 BeA11K11X espon­

CK11X pernja 11 r xasno] xormenoj cao­

6panajH11IJ11 xa OA11CKOM Hc'roxy, -re­

CTO je crajao na nyry ocsajarsm-ra 11

paTH11M nOX0411Ma, M11rpaIJ11jaMa 11

TprOBa'-IKOM npostery, WTO je YT11IJa­

AO na ycnone 11 naztone rpaaa 11 npe­

404pel]MBaAo I-herOBY cy4611HY. Tpaana 4yHaBy - BeAMKoj esportcxo] pe­

IJ11, xoja je '-IeCTO paaasajaxa ztpzcane 11

napo.ie. 40>K11BlbaBaO je cy ztape IJ11B11­

A113aIJ11ja Kp03 pyuren.a 3aTe'-IeHOr 11

113rpa4IbY HOBor, 6MTHO pa3A11'-I11TOr

0;1 npe'rxoztaor. Cpe;1lhOBeKOBH11 oe­

orpazi HaKOH ocnaian.a 40611ja A11K

'rypcxe xacafie, 4a 611 n04 aycrpnj­

CKOM oxynarjnjosr na lheH11M pynrcan­nana H11KaO HOBM 6apOKH11 rpa4. ITOB­

parxon Typaxa nOHOBO necrajv en­

poncxa 34alha, 4a 611 TeK TOKOM npse

nOJ\OB11He 19. sexa, pytnen.en opjen­

TaJ\He BapOIIl11, 3anO'-IeO paasoj ca-

aper-renor rpazta. 11 xao WTO ce TO

.teurasaxo BI1we rryra na OBOM TAy,

crapa ypfiana crpytcrypa ca CBOjMM

34alh11Ma 6p30 je MW'-Ie3Aa npe4 HO­

BMM rpaljesanaxa, He ocran.sajyha

'rparose KOHTMHyMTeTa. Y TOM npo­

uecy fipse yp6aHM3aIJMje HMCy OCTa­

AM nourreljenn HM TparOB11 panujnx

enoxa, noxpan.eun y CJ\ojeBMMa 3eM­

Jhe nO;1 caBpeMeHMM rpa4CK11M TKM­

BOM. TeMeJbMMa HOBMX 34alha, Beo­

rpaa nOAaKO aAM carypno yunurraaa,

nope4 OCTaAor, 11 nocxe.nse 'rparose

CBor ;1aBHor npeTe'-Ie - aHTM'-IKOr

CMHrM4yHyMa. CYO'-IeH11 ca TeWKO

peW11BMM np06AeMOM 11 HeMOnH11 zta

aaycrase npoIJec YH11WTaBalha, 11C­

Tpa>K11Ba'-I11 11 nOCAeH11IJ11 Ha nOlbY

3aWT11Te CnOMeH11'-IKOr nac.xelja TaKO

nocrajy CBej{0IJ11 '-IMHa pasapan.a, no­

xyruasajyhn 4a np11KynJbeH11M no­

4aIJ11Ma ca-ryaajy aa 6Y4ynHocT MaAe

epparMeHTe 4aBHO 113ry6JheHe CA11Ke

osora rpaaa.

o P11MCKOM C11Hr11/lYHYMY KO/t

Hac je 40CTa n11CaHO. Haj-ieurhe cy TO

113BewTaj11 0 11CTpa>K11BalhMMa 11A11

IIoje4MH11M HaAa311Ma1, 'ronorparpajrr',

a passra'rpaaa cy 11 mrrarr,a y Be311 ca

HaCTaHKOM M paasojesr aHT11'-IKOr rpa-

1. 4. Faparnannn, Apxeo.\OWKI1 cnOMeHHIJI1 Y Beorpa.rv 11 OKO,\I1HI1. Fo.iaunsax Myseja rpa.ra Beo­QXl.1a 1.(954) 45 - 97:]. TO,~OPOIll1t1 - .\1. EmpTaWeBI1D. Apxeo.\OIJJKI1 cnovenaun YBeorpaay 11

OKO.\I1HI1. fO,lI1IJJlbaK Mf'b. II, (955).34 - 42: 4. bojOBI1D. TIpI1Aor ypfiano] I1CTOpl1jl1 Beorpa.ta y

lIepI1O,ly pI1;\ICKe ,lG:\lI1HaIJl1je. Fo.uuinsax rpa.ra Beorpa.ia XXII. (975), 5-6; Id, ApxeO,\OWKO

nac.xehe Beorpa.ia, MY3ej rpaia Beorpa.ia - xaraxor 113,\o)K6e 27, (1985). 87-95: M. TIonOBI1D.

AHTWIKI1 CI1HrI1clYHYM, .roca.tanm,a o'rxpnha - MoryhHOCTI1 ,~a,bI1X I1CTpa)KI1Balha. in: Singidunum

I (996), y npmlpeMI1 3a urraxrrry.

2. B. KOHi1I1D. OCHOBHI1 e.vevrerrra 'ronorpadntje CI1Hrl1clYHYMa, I1H: l1cTOpI1ja 5eorpa,la 1. (974).72-88;]. Todorovic-V. Kondic, Keltski i rimski Singidunum, Beograd 1971.

11

CnO\lEHWIKA 5AWHlIL\

4a3. I1cKa3aHa M11WJbeILa na OCHOBy

paCrrOAO/K11Be rpalje, 04HOCHO caaa­unser cran.a 11CTpa/KeHOCT11, qeCTO

6e3 40BOJbHor yrene.a.en,a, jow yBeK

cy cai-ro noxasaa OCHOBa aa 4aJba 'rpa­ran.a Y 6y4ynHOCT11. 40 HOB11X OT­

xpnha naura CA11Ka 0 C11Hr11/{YHYMY

OCTane 11 4aJbe epparMeHTapHa. Crorace OBOM rrp11j\11KOM uehesto 4eTaJLH11­

je 6aB11T11 11CTOp11jOM aHTWIKor rpaaa,H11T11 nperxeaon 40ca4aWI-bI1X 11C­

Tpa/K11BaI-ba, Ben he naura rraxosa npe­BaCX04HO 611T11 ycsiepeua na cran-eOqYBaHOCT11 aHT11qK11X OCTaTaKa 11

MorynHOCT11 I-b11XOBe npeserrratjnjey ypfianor« jearpy caspesrerror Eeo­rpazta.

CBeT aHT11Ke ca CBOjOM pa3B11­

jeHoM IJ11B11A113aIJI1joM 3aKopaq110 je

na OBO no.rpy-rje nocxe.ur.nx r0411Ha

crape epe. TIP040P Pm,1JLaHa na 4a­

HaWI-bY Tep11TOp11jy Beorpaaa 11MaO

je CBOjy npe411CTOp11jy 06eAe/KeHY

paTOB11Ma, KOjI1 cy TOKOM npBor sexa

rrpe name epe Bo!]eH11 ca 3aTeqeH11M

KeATCK11M cTaHOBH11WTBOM, xao 11

ynopnm« tracrojaa.nraa ocsaja-ra 4a ce

y-mpc're na OBOM cTpaTeWK11 Ba/KHOM

IleAy TI04YHaBJba. 3ay3eTa Tep11TO­

pnja, yxxarran.er« y OKB11p p11MCKe 4P­

/KaBe, yKJbyqeHa je y TOKOBe aHT11qKe

IJ11B11A113aIJ11je y ztpyurraeno-nOA11T11­

qKOM 11 eKOHOMCKOM norxezry, WTO je

611AO 04 4aAeKOCe/KHOr ana-raja aa

isen 4aJb11 paasoj. Kao jeznra 04 rroc­

Ae411IJa ocsajau.a 6110 je 11 HaCTaHaK

aHT11qKOr C11Hr114YHYMa, ztaenor rrpe­

're-te caspesreuor Beorpazra. 3a p11M­

CKy 4p/KaBY, xoja je TOKOM npnor sexa

vcnocrannxa cnoje rpaH11IJe na 4yHa­

BY, rroxozcaj 6pera 113Ha4 ywna CaBe

l1MaO je Cl1rypHo BeA11K11 046paM6eH11

3Haqaj. Crpareuixe npe4HOCT11 onorMeCTa na HOBOj rpaH11IJ11 I1Mrrep11je

611Ae cy yo-rene, 113rJ\e4a, BeOMa pa­

HO.-+ lfBpwna sojna 11 a4Ml1Hl1CTpaTl1B­

na OpraH113aIJl1ja na noapv-rjy 4yHaB­

cxor J\11MeCa vcnoc-ras.sena je y Bpe­

]\Ie 11MrrepaTopa 40Ml1IJl1jaHa. I'0411He

86. pannja npOBl1HIJ11ja Me311ja noae­.sena je na /lBe HOBe - Topn.y 11 40I-by

Me311jy. Ha no.apy-rjv Topn,e Me311je

Ta4a ce HaJ\a311j\a xernia VII CIA U­

DIA. I1cTe r0411He, pa411 ojavan.a

046paHe na rOpI-bOMe311jcKoM A11Me­

cy, npefiaxena je 113 4aAMaIJl1je Aer11­

ja IV FIA VIA. H11je noyaztano y'rup­

ljeno r 4e je OBa .xernja CMeWTeHa no

40AacKy Y TIo4YHaBJbe. HeWTO xac­H11je, no OKOHqaI-bY TpajaHOB11X paro­na y 4aK11jl1, BepOBaTHO TeK xpajesr

4pyre 4eIJeH11je 4pyror sexa, Aer11ja

IV FIA VIA KOHaqHO je npefiaxena vC11Hr114YHYM, r 4e he OCTaT11 CBe /lO

xpaja aHT11Ke5.

40Aa3aK OBe .xernje, ca KOjOM ce

C11Hrl1~1YHYM TOKOM csora nocrojan,apaasnjao 11 y BeA11Koj Mep11 rr011CTO­

seluraao, HeCYMI-b11BO je osrorvhnoI-berOBO npepacran.e y aHT11qK11 rpaa.Aer11jcK11 .xorop npcacrae.sao je IJeH­

Tap OKO xora he ce y Hape;lH11M CTO­

Aenl1Ma pa3B11jaTl1 rpa4CKO nace.se.

Ben y rtpsoj nOAOBI1H11 ztpyror nexa,

BepOBaTHO y speve m-mepa'ropa Xa­

/-lp11jaHa, C11Hr114YHYM nocraje MyH11­

IJ11n11jyM, a Cpe411HOM 'rpeher- aexa KO­

AOHl1ja6. Cy4en11 no apxeOj\OWK11M

HaAa311Ma, ycnon rpa4a MO/Ke ce jac­

HO npaT11T11 04 xpaja 4pyTOr, rra CBe

40 4pyre rrOJ\OB11He qeTBpTOr sexa.

TIPl1J\l1KOM l1HBa311je Fora rpazt je, 113­

rAe4a, rrpeTprreo BeA11Ka nycTOWeI-ba

0(1 KOjI1X ce (10 KOHaqHOr YHl1IUTeI-ba

OCTALJl1 AHTW1Kor ClIHrlI4YHYl\1A Y YP5AIIO\1JE3fPY CABPDIEHOf fPAil,\

441. rOI1I1He B11We H11je OnOpaB110-.

Tlocxe xyncxor pasapan,a Cl1Hr114Y­

HyM je OCTao Y pyweBl1HaMa CBe /10

npB11X 4eIJeH11ja 6. sexa. TIOHOBHO YC­

nocraa.sau,e rpaHI1IJe IJapcTBa na

4yHaBy 40Be,\0 je /10 O/K11BJLaBaI-ba

nopyurenor rpaaa. Meljv TBpl]aBaMa

xoje je ]YCTl1Hl1jaH 06HOB110, TIPOKO­

1II1je 11CT11qe 11 C11Hr11tWHYM. Mehy­T11M, 'ra 06HOBa H11je 611J\a 4yror sexa.

f0411He 584. rpazt cy npBl1 nyr .sayse­

;\11 Asapn, a 3aTl1M rrOHOBO 596. ro­

/{11He, xazta je paaopen jeztan 04 rpaa­CK11X 6e4eMa. KOHaQaH nazt C11Hr11­

4yHyMa, Cpe411HOM .tpyre 4eIJeH11je 7.sexa, 03HaQ110 je CAOM aHT11QKe IJ11B11­

A113aIJ11je na OB11M rrpOCTOpI1Ma8.

40Ca4aWI-ba OTKp11na,11aKO -re­

CTO 6e3 OCHOBH11X no.ta'raxa 0 CTpyK­

Typ11 11 CTpaT11rpaep11j11 cxojena, xao 11

40KyMeHTaIJ11je 0 OTKpI1BeHl1M OCTa­

IJ11Ma apxrrrexrype, ;1ajy 11naK rJ\O­

6aJ\Hy C\11KY 0 'ronorparpajn 11 yp6a­

HOj crpyarvpn, xao 11 e'ranaxra paseojaaHT11QKOr Cl1Hr114yHyMa9. I13BecHa

casnaa,a 40 KOj11X ce 40W;\0, noce6­

HO OHa xoja ykasyjy na snaxajne 113Me­

He nexa.aaum.er pe.sedia y CTapOM

jesrpy Beorpaaa, ya noaarxe 0 30Ha­

Ma nOTnyHor YHl1WTeI-ba aHT11QK11X

OCTaTaKa, rrpeztc'raa.sajy 4parOIJeHO

nOJ\a311WTe aa 4aJba I1CTpa/K11BaIba,

aA11 yxaayjy 11 na norpefiy peBl1;10Ba­

n.a HeKl1X 40Ca4aWI-bl1X 3aKJbYQaKa.

(TIAaH 1) PaCrrOAO/K11Ba 40KyMeHT­

aIJ11ja 0 TparOB11Ma aHT11QKOr ypfianor

nacxelja, y3 KPl1Tl1QKY aHaJ\113y, xror­

.xa 611 611T11 OCHOBa aa pa3Ml1wJbaI-ba 0

CTBapHI1M MorynHOCTl1Ma yxxanan.a

cpparnenara Pl1MCKl1X 3/{aI-ba y

cTpyKType caBpeMeHor rpa4a. OBa

nl1TaI-ba, 6e3 .ileTaJbH11jl1X 3aJ\a/KeI-ba y

3. M. Mirkovic, Rimski gradovi na Dunavu u Gornjoj Meziji, Beograd 1968; .\1. [apaWaHI1H. AHTWIKI1 CI1HrI1,lYHY:'-1, in: I1CTOpI1ja neorpa(la 1, (974),51-7L M. Mirkovic, Singidunum et son territoire, in: Inscriptions de la Mesie Superieure OMS), vol. I, Beograd 1976,21-43. ca ileTa.bHI1:'-1 rrpene,10M

I1 KQ;\leHTapOM I13BOpHe rpaf]e 0 CI1HrI1,lYHYl\IY.

4. M. MI1PKOBI1D, PI1MCKI1 rpa,lOBI1. 27- 28.5. Orr. IJI1T. 30-32.6. Orr. IJI1T. 44.7. Q. Bjelajac-V. Ivanisevic, Les temoignages archeologiques des Grandes Invasions a Singidunum. CTapI1Hap XLII. (993), 123-139.8. B. fIOIlOBI1D, Les temoins archeologique des invasions avaro-slaves dans 1 'Illyricum Byzantin, Melanges de l'ecole fransais de Rome 87, (975),489-496.~. M. fIoIloBan, AHTW-IKI1 CI1Hrl1,lYHY:'-I, y rrpI1rrpeMI1 3a WTaJ\my. ca ,1eTaJbHl1M rrpeL\e,lOJ\! CBI1X .aOca.13WI-bl1X H3.\33a.

12

c:I ]O,\lEliWIKA sxurrnn.,

Hxarr ICran.e O'-lyBaHOCTI1 aHTI1'-lKI1X

KY~\TypHI1X cxojesa:

1. YHI1WTeHI1 aHTI1'-lKI1 CJ\ojeBI1,

2. aHTI1'-lKI1 TparOBI1 no.i BI1COKI1M

pe3eHTHl1M HaCI1IUIMa

OCTAl JI1 AHTWIKor 011 IlTl;lYliY,\L\ Y YP]SAHO.'\1JE3rpy C\BPE:\[EHOr rPA4A

---- ---- --_.._-

1

V?::::12" ..

I

paanarpan,a 4P}THX upofixexra aHTH­

-ncor CHHrlI4yHyMa, 6Ht1e npe,1J\!eT

naurer .ia.i-er H3,\araJ-ba.

Y TOKy BHwer04HWJ-bHX apxe­

O,\OUIKHX I1CTpa:IKI1BaJ-ba xoja cy Bp­

urena ua npocropv beorpa.acxe TBp­

hane, xao II ira 4e~\y .1'lHaIIIJ-ber 4op­

ho.xa, vo-reno je .ta ce ca.tarnn.n rro­

~\o:IKaj pe-me ofia.xe 6HTHO H3;\IeIUIO y

O/lHOCY na cran,e xa.ia je nacrajao an­

TH'iKH rpa.r", AHa,\113a XI14PO,\OWKe

CI1TyalJHje ua yuihv, Y3 no.ta'rxe H3

apxeO;\OWKIIX COH,lH, rtoxasvje CTaA­

By TeH,leHlJIIjy nosrepan,a 4eCHe pe'i­

He ofia.xe xa cpe.rnurrv B040TOKa,

WTO yxasvje .ia je rrO'ieTKO;\1 HOBe

epe, vxrecro .ton.orpa.tcxe 3apaBHI1 y

no.auoacjy 6pera nocrojao caxro je4aH

pe,\aTI1BHO Ma,\11 rrojac ofia.xe, 'iHja ce

WHpHHa, rroro.taa 3a nace.i.asarse

xpera.xa H3;\leDY 501'160 M. To je, yCT­

BapH, 6I1,\a 6,\ara lIa4I1Ha xoja ce Oil

CTeHOBI1TI1X ,\IIn1lJa crrynrraxa npe­

r-ra 06a;\IL ca BI1CI1HCKOJ\! pa3;\HKOM na

nosrenvroj WHpI1HI1 o.; OKO 10 M. He­

WTO paBIUljH IIpOCTOp y npnofia.sy,

cy.iehu rrpe;\!a no.voxcajy TparoBa an-

10. M. I IOIIOBllrl. Eeorpa.icxa T1Jpi]ana. Beorpa.r 1982.23 -24: iK. LlIka.xaxrepa - ~1. Tlonoanh. Yp6aHlI paanoj 4opn(na. Fo.unmsax rpa.la Beorpa.taxxv. 09(8). 215-216.

13

CIIO\IEHWiKA JJAUlT11HA OCTALJl1 AHTJlclKOr UlHrJlI,1YI IYi\IA Y YP5AHO.\1JE3rpy CARPE\lEHOr rPAil~

IT

U.I'.aH ITTonorparpcxa cirrvatjaja Cl1Hr114YHYMay III-IV aexy:

1. J\erl1jcKl1 .xorop,

2. IJl1Bl1J\HO nace.se,

3. HeKponOAe

-

14

CIIQ.\IEIIWIKA bAUJHIHA

TWIKl1X ofijexara, rtocrojao je cai-ro na

rrpocTopy xacnujer 3arra/lHor no.t­

rpalja neOrpa/lCKe TBpl)aHe 11. Y 30Hl1

AOpnO,\a noxoxcai nexa.tannse ofia.xe

MO/Ke ce IIpeTIIOCTaBl1Tl1 113Mel)y

y,\l1.y:a Bl1COKOr CTeBaHa 11 COAyHcKe,

WTO 3Ha'-Il1 4a ueo 'raj Ca4aWI-b11 "leo

rpa.ia j\e/Kl1 ira Ce411MeHTl1:Ma nosnjer

nopex.xa, 6e3 'rparona crapujnx KyA­

TypHl1X cxojeaa". 3HaTHO je 113MelbeH

11 113L\e4 6pera ua KOMe ce rrexa.aa

HaJ\a3110 aHTl1t.IKl1 KacTpyM. Ca isero­

He cencpoaanaane 11 iyroaanaane

c'rpane Hao\a311Ae cy ce uenpacry­na-me CTeHOBl1Te Al1Tl1.y:e, xoje cy

ca4a rOTOBO y .y:eAl1Hl1 3acyTe HO­

Bl1jl1M uacununa. Hl1 ca.aaunsa rop­

u.orpa.tcxa 3apaBaH y 406a aHTl1Ke

unje TaKO 113L\e4aAa. TIO/{Y/KHl1 rpe­

6eH, y rrpo4Y/KeTKY KHe3 Ml1Xal1o\OBe

yAl1.y:e, xao najmnua 'ra-nca T3B. ,,6eo­

rpazicxe rpezre" npeceuao je onaj rrpo­

CTOp 06pa3yjynl1 ca 60t.IHl1X crpana

naanne". TIoCJ\'1aTpaH y .y:eAl1Hl1, 6110

je TO uepasan 11 nenoztecan TepeH .sa113rpa,lI-by yrsphen.a npannxne OCHO­

Be. Ca 4pyre CTpaHe, yCKO npnooa.eena r-rec'r'y zranarmr.er- Amber rpa.ra,

npY/Ka;\o je BeOMa OrpaHl1t.IeHe MO­

rynHOCTl1 sa paanoj ypfiaunx crpyx­

Typa na TOM npocropy, WTO npe.a­

CTaBJba 3Hal.J:ajHy t.Il1I-beHl1.y:y 3a paana­

TpaIba rrp06;\eMa y Be311 ca Torrorpa­

qmjoM Cl1Hrl1/(yHyMa, 0 l.J:eMy ne 4aJbe

611Tl1 pel.J:l1.

CTpyKType aHTl1t.IKOr Cl1Hrl1­

,\yHyMa, 6y4ynl1 4a Ae/Ke rrO/l TeMe­

;bl1Ma caBpeMeHor rpa4a, ca4a cy Ben

y HeJ\l1Koj Mepl1 YHl1WTeHe l1J\l1 He­

40cTynHe l1CTpa/Kl1Bat.Il1Ma. TIpo.y:ec

pa3rpa/lI-be aHTl1l.J:Kl1X 3/1aI-ba, KOjl1 je

3arrOt.IeO Cl1rypHo jom y BpeMe JYCTl1­

Hl1jaHoBe 06HOBe rpa4a, HaCTaB,beH je

CRe /lO HaUll1X4aHa. Y paHl1jl1M pa3­

406;bl1Ma cpe,:'lI-ber BeKa yp6aHa 30Ha

HeKa4aWI-ber Cl1Hr114YHYMa, no CBe-

My CY4et1l1 nyna pyurcnnua, 611,\a je

113BOpl1WTe rpahennnckor i-rarepaja­

.xa sa CKpOl\me norpefie rpa4a KOjl1 je

nacrajao. Tpa.umo .sa 6e/leMe 11 xv.xeH113aHTl1jcKor xacrexa, no.urrnvror

Cpe411HOM 12. sexa, 406pl1J:vr lJ,e.\OM

noru-re 0/1 paapyurennx aHTl1l.J:Kl1X

epopTlICtmKaI]l1ja. Y spevc 113rpa/lI-be

HOBl1X cpe/1I-bOBeKOBHl1X yrnpljeu,a,I10l.J:eTKOM 15. nexa, paapyuteun cy,

113r;\e,la, CBl1 Bl1j1,bl1Bl1 'rparonn aHTl1­

t.IKl1X xoacrpvxuaja, I10Ce6HO rrpeo­

CTaJ\l1 6e4eMl1 xac'rpyr-ra. Y HOBe

Cpe4I-bOBeKOBHe epOpTl1epl1Kal]l1je yr­paljenn cv 6POjHl1 aHTl1t.IKl1 xaa.tcpn,/le;\OBl1 CTeAa 11 /KpTBeHl1Ka, na t.IaK 11

KOMnaKTHl1KOMa/ll1 HeKa4aWI-bl1X r-rax­

TepHl1X crpyxrypa, najseurhe nozt­

Hl1.y:a. AeAOBl1 Pl1MCKl1X 6e/{eMa OCTa­

;\11 cy n04 TeMe;bl1Ma l1Al1 y jesrpyHOBl1X epOpTl1epl1Ka.y:110Hl1X 'rpaca,40K cy HeKl1, npoxonasan.en 'rnpljaa­

CKl1X pOBOBa, y .y:eAl1Hl1 pa30peHl1.

Taxo je crpaaao zteo C-116e4eMa xa­crpysra, a npoxonasan.cn posa l1C­

npezt J -11 6e4eMa Topn.er rpazta

YHl1WTeH je crapajn KYJ\TYPHl1 cxojca ocrarjm-ia Pl1MCKl1X 34aI-ba. HOBa

se.xmca pasapan,a, aHTl1t.IKO nacxeheCl1Hr114YHYMa 40/Kl1HeJ\0 je xpajexr

17. 11 Y npBl1M /(e.y:eHl1jaMa 18. sexa, y

BpeMe 0611MHl1X epOpTl1epl1Ka.y:110Hl1X

paaosa 11 fiapoxue pexonc'rpyxrjaje

rpa4a. 113rpa4I-bOM HOBe 6aCT110He

Tpace OKO TBpl)aHe pa30peH je cpe­

411WI-b11 npocTop KacTpyMa, a Hl1Be­

J\a.y:110Hl1M pa40Bl1Ma YHl1IlITeHl1 cy

aHTl1l.J:Kl1 11 Cpe4I-bOBeKOBHl1 cJ\ojeBl1 y

cpe/ll1WI-beM 4eAy [opI-ber rpa4a.

0611M pa3apaI-ba 6110 je jow Benl1 Ha

rrpocTopy HeKa/laUIIbe yp6aHe 30He

Cl1Hr114YHYMa. 113rpa4I-bOM HOBe ayc­

Tpl1jcKe 6aCT110He Tpace OKO OH/law­

I-be 6eorpa4cKe BapOWl1, YHl1WTeHa je

30Ha I1IlIpl1He 50 40 100 MeTapa 04

KOCaHt.Il1neBOr ReH.y:a, rrpeKo TIorr

AYKl1He YJ\l1.y:e, 3aTl1M 113Mel)y YJ\l1.y:a

OCTAI]11 AHTWIKor GIHnl/1YHY\IA Y YPbAHOMJE3rPY CABPE\IEHOr rPA4A

T onJ\l1l.J:l1HOr - 0611J\l1neROr senna 11

Mapma.xa Bupjysona, CBe /(0 Tpra Pe­

rry6J\l1Ke 11 11aJbe cDpaH.y:ycKoM YJ\l1­

.y:OM H113 4yHaBcKy IIa411Hy. Tparoanaycrpujcxnx Hl1I3e;\ar]l1ja, ca norrry­Hl1M 11.\11 4e.\l1Ml1t.IHl1YI yHl1WTaBa­

IbeM aHTl1l.J:Kl1X ocraraxa. sanaacajy ce

11 na ileJ\y KHe3 Ml1Xal1AOBe y J\l1.y:e,

ua npoc'ropy r 4e ce nexaaa HaJ\a311J\a

se.xmca xacapna npnmja AJ\eKCaH4pa

Bl1pTeH6epWKor. Tpacnpan,e 11 ype­

Ijen.e caBpeMeHl1X YAl1.y:a xpajer-i 19.sexa 611;\0 je 'raxolje npaheno 4eHl1­

Be.\a.y:l1jaMa 'repena. TIPl1J\l1KOM npo­

ccuarsa TIapl1CKe y,\l1.y:e 11 113rpa/.lI-be

'rpaneajcxe npyre YHl1WTeH je ijeojY/KHl1 yrao xacrpvsta ca HeJ\l1Kl1M zte­

J\OM JyrOl1CTOt.IHOr 6e/.leMa CBe 40

HeKa4aWI-be r-xasne jY/KHe xann]e, o.t­HOCHO MeCTa r 4e ce cazta HaJ\a311 cno­

MeHl1K Ml1J\aHy Paxnhy. 11 'rpacnpa­

n.e y J\l1.y:e Kpa.ea Flerpa C7 jy.xa), 04

Y3yH Ml1pKOBe H113 zrynascxy na411­

Hy, 'raxolje je 611J\0 npaheno 4eHl1Be­

j\a.y:l1jaMa 11 nornymor YHl1WTeIbeM

KYJ\TypHl1X cxojesa 40 paeun 34paBl1­

rje. Hacyupor TOMe, y Hl1/Kl1M 4eJ\0­

Bl1Ma 4YHaBCKe rta.nrne, 113Mel)y y;\l1­

ua I'ocno.iap JOBaHOBe 11 Ijapa 4y­

urana, KaCHl1jl1M 3aCl1naI-bl1Ma caaaur­

Ina paBaH TJ\a je 113/{l1rHyTa, TaKO 4a

ce rp060Bl1 aHTl1t.IKe HeKporroJ\e Ha

TOM rrpocTopy Her4e HaJ\a3e 11 Ha 4Y­

611HaMa 04 npeKO neT MeTapall.

0611MHa YHl1WTaHaIba aHTl1t.IKl1X Tpa­

rOBa, rrpoy3poKoBaHa Hl1BeJ\a.y:110Hl1M

pa40Bl1Ma npl1 rrpoce.y:aI-bY ca4aw­

I-bl1X rpa4CKl1X ca06panajHl1.y:a, 3ana­

/KeHa cy Ha Wl1peM npocTopy TIon

AYKl1He YJ\l1.y:e, 3aTl1M y 40I-beM 4eAy

DpaHKOBe, 4Y/K .y:e;\e YJ\l1.y:e Mapwa­

J\a Dl1pjy30Ba 11 rroce6HO y 30Hl1 OKO

3eJ\eHor HeH.y:a. Ha MecTy Ca4aWI-be

rrl1ja.y:e CBe 40 cpe411He npowJ\or BeKa

HaJ\a311Aa ce MOt.IBapa Koja je KaCHl1je

3acyTa, TaKO 4a je y 3HaTHoj Mepl1

113MeI-beH HeKa/1aWlbl1 peJbeep Ha

11. M. Oorrom1fl., op. cit. 24.12. JK. WKa.\a~lepa-M. Oorrom1fl., op. cit, 216.13. Y (MHOCy Ha rrpaBIJe rrppKalha 60'lHI1X aHTI1'lKI1X 6e4eMa, KOjl1 cy ce HaAa3l1Al1 Ha py60Bl1J\1a na,ll1Ha, rra4 TepeHa npeMa jyrOI1CToKy 113HOCl10 je OKO

15 ~!. Ha /l)'/KI1HI1 0/1 220 M, a rrpe~la Kpanoj CeBepOI1CTO'-lHoj CTpaHI1 6 M. Y 04HOCY Ha 4Y:>KI1HY 04 120 M.

14. B. KOH4l1n, PI1MCKI1 Ha.\a3 113 BI1Wlhl1neBe y.\I1IJe, rO,1l1WlhaK rpa4a neorpa4a VII,(1960) 29.

15

cr rO\lEHH 'iK,\ bAli ITliHA

OBOM npocropy. Hane.ienn npnvepavanurraaan.a 30Ha ca Ky,\TypHl1M

cxojext, Ha)KaAOCT, Hl1CY 11 je,ll1Hl1 na

upocropy nexaaaunt.e ypfiane 30He

aHTWIKOr Cl1Hrl1,TylIy:vra. Be.xnxe rro­

BplllIIHe ca 'rparoamaa paanjnx erroxa

'rpajao cy 113ry6,beHe yxonanan.cxr

rr043eMHl1X nocrpojeu,a CaBpeMeHl1X

34alba, KaO II rpa,lCKe l1HeppacTpyK­

Type.

Ha pe,\aTl1BHO cu6y ouyna­

HOCT 'rparosa aHTl1'lKMX 3,laIna y oeo­

rpa.ry YTl1Ijao je M KBa,\l1TeT 1\raTepl1­

ja.xa, CMHOCHO xaxreua 011 xora cyrpaljena. Y TOKy 40Ca4aLIllbl1X 11e­

'rpaxcanaa,a yo-rena je BeOMa -recra

yrrorpeoa J\OKaAHOr xaxreaa cxafior

KBa;\l1TeTa. Osaj MeKl1 rrelll'lap, KOjl1

l1CTpa)Kl1Ba'll1 0611'lHO osna-ranajy xao

'rann-raiaancxn, Ma4a no'rnue ca pa3­

Hl1X KaMeHO~\OMa y urnpoj OKO,\l1Hl1

rpaaa, BeOMa je neornopan ua aTJ\rOC­

¢epl1~\l1je 11 6P30 ce pacnazia. Canpe­

MeHl1 rrpl1Mepl1 noxaayjy 4a cy HeKl1

HaAa311 capxocpara 11 cre.xa, OTKpl1Be­

Hl1 na nexponoxn Cl1Hr114YHYMa y

pa3/l06Jby 113Me!)y 4Ba CBeTCKapara, a

rrOTOM 113~\0)KeHl1 na OTBopeHOM rrpo­

CTOpy, sa cai-ro HeKO,\l1KO ,1eIjeHl1ja

M3ry611,\11 cBoje HeKa4aLIllbe ¢opMe.

OCTalJl1 CTl1A06aTa ca O'lYBaHl1M 6a­

3aMa 3a cTy60Be, OTKpl1BeHl1 y TOKy

apXeO;\OlllKl1X l1CKOnaBalba Ha rrpoc­

TOpy napKa KaJ\eMer4aH, y TOKy caMO

je4He 311Me rrpaKTl1'lHO cy ce l1CTO­

rrl1Al1. 11 HeKl1 Oil KBa4epa 6e4eMa

KacTpyMa y6p30 rrOCAe OTKpl1Balba

rrOKa3aAl1 cy npBe 3HaKe pacna4alba.

OBe 'll1lbeHl1Ije oMorynaBajy /la ce

rrope4 cAa6e O'lYBaHOCTl1 pa3yMe 11

CKOpOrroTrryHl1 He40cTaTaK apXl1TeK­

TOHCKe rrJ\aCTl1Ke Kao 11 3Ha'lajHl1jl1X

KaMeHl1X cTpyKTypa, lllTO yKa3yje 11

Ha rrp06AeMe KOjl1 rrpaTe rroKylllaje

IIpe3eHTaIjl1je OTKpl1BeHl1X OCTaTaKa

aHTl1'lKOr Cl1Hr114YHYMa.

40ca4allllba l1CTpa)Kl1Balba,

Kao 11 cAy'lajHl1 Ha;\a311, 11 IIOpe4 'lM-

lbeHl1Ije 4a cy aexnxe nospnnme ca

apXeO~\OIIIKMl\r 'rparomora y ueirrpyBeorpa.ra 'rpajuo ymmrrcue. npyxcajy

OCHOBHe e.xevrerrre aa pasxra'rpan,a

nexa.iaunse 'ronorparpnje atrrn-ncor

rpa.ta. To Tll1TaILe zaoxvn.aaxo je

naxcn.y CBl1X paanjnx ucrpaacnaava,TaKO 4a je c'reopeua rrp116Al1)KHa C\l1­

xa pacnpoc'rnpaa.a Cl1HrM/l)'liyMa,

xoja 6M ce noc.xe nexnx liOBMjl1X

casnan.a caxro YC\OBHO MOfJ\a npnx­BaTMTMxao pe,\aTMBHO 'ra-ma. Hansre,

ronorpacpcxa CJ\MKa rpaaa nocsia'rpa­na je je4MHcTBelio .sa pa:~/106,be 04

xpaja I1pBOr nexa name epe rra CBe 40

xona-raor xyHcKor pa3apalba 441. ro­

411He, 6e3 1134Bajalba nojeznranx eno­

xa. TaKaB npnc'ryn, Me!)YTl1M, noxa­

sao ce xao HeO/lP)Kl1B. Y pasnojy Cl1H­

rl1/1YHYMa nocrojn HeKO;\l1KO erana

xoje 04C\l1KaBajy nponene Y CTpyK­

Typl1 rpa.ta, lllTO ce y sexnxo] Mepl1

04pa)KaBaJ\0 11 na n.erony 'ronorpa­

epl1jy. 3aKJby'lIjl1 0 noxoacajy xacrpy­

r-ra, Ijl1Bl1J\HOr nace.sa 11 nexponoxa,

40 KOjl1X cy pamrja l1CTpa)Kl1Ba'll1

40lllJ\11, )T;\aBliOM 611 ce MOfJ\l1 04HO­

Cl1Tl1 na pa3il06Jbe 0;1 xpaja 4pyror

nexa rra 110 rOTCKe l1HBa311je 378. ro­

411He. 3a paunje pa3406,be 40ca/lalll­

lbl1 3aK,by'lIjl1 611 ce MOpa~\l1 ITCMBpnl1

peB11311jl1, y3 pa3MaTpalbe CBl1X pac­

rrOAO)Kl1Bl1X rrO/~aTaKa, IIoce6Ho OHl1X

HOBl1jl1X, 0 Kojl1Ma ne 4aJbe 611Tl1 He­

lllTO Bl1LIle pe'll1. C;\l1'lali rrp06AeM ce

rrOCTaB,ba 11 3a n03lil1ja pa3406Jba,

KaKO OliO 40 xyHcKor pa3apalba rpa/la

441, TaKO 11 erroxy paHOB113aHTMjcKe

06HOBe y 6. BeKy.

nOAa3enM O/I OHora lllTO HaM

ce 'lMHl1 HeCIIopHMM, 3a4P)KaneMO ce

rrpBO Ha TonorpaqKKoj C\MIJM rpa/la

M3 BpeMelia IberOBor rryHor ycrroHa

TOKOM Tpener M BenMM 4e;\OM 'leTBp­

Tor BeKa. (n,\aH II) Aerl1jcKM ~\orop

ce y TO BpeMe HaJ\a3110 Ha npocTopy

4aHallllber rOplber rpa/la oeorpa4­

CKe TBp!)aBe M rrapKa Ka~\e;\Ier4aH.

OC1:\411 ,\l:lTll'IKOf CllHrll,c:(YHY\IA Y ypr,AHO\!JE3fPY C\RPDIEllor rpc\,c:(,\

OIL\O je TO vrnpheu,e 'rpanesacre OC­

HOBe, 4Y)KMlie 560 J\!. a nrupmrc y)KMX

crpana 330, O,lHOCHO 380 1\1, ca 6pa­

lbeHOJ\r nOBprLIIIHoM 0/1 rOTOBO 20xex'rapa. OO!]\[ onor OCHOBHor npoc­Topa, ca 4Ba 6e4eMa xoja cy ce

cnyurraxa HM3 na4IIHY, 6MO je o6yx­

sahen M .teo y npnoria.sy". Y TOKy

.tocaztaum.ax ncrpaacnnaa,a OTKpM­

BeH je 4eo Ceueposanaanor 6e4eMa

xacrpysra ca 'rparonm-ra xarrnje npesia

rra4MHM 11 OCTaIjl1Ma yraoue cesepne

xy.xc, 04 xoje ce oznsaja .teo xa npM­

ofia.sv, 3aTMM epparMeHT Ceneponc­TO'lHOr 6e4eMa ca IleAO;\1 jeane MCTy­

pene KBa4paTHe Ky~\e no.t KOHCTpyK­

Ijl1jOM, 04HOCHO Y crpyxrvpa Cpe4­

IbOBeKOBHe epopTIlC}:mKaIjMOlie 'rpace,

xao M 'rpar 'resre.t.ne 30He jyroaanaa­nor 6e4eMa. qeTBpTa, jyroucro-nracrpaua xacrpyr-ra o.rpehena je OT­

xpnhen OCTaTaKa KOMnAeKca LUBHe,

jy)KHe xann]e. OTKpl1BeHl1 4eJ\OBM an­

TM'lKMX 6e4eMa naj-reurhe cy O'lYBaHl1

caxto y TeMeJby, MAM HeraTl1Bl1Ma 're­

MeJba. Ha 4eAOBl1Ma KOjl1 cv 6M,\M no.t

cpe/UbOBeKOBHl1M epopTl1¢l1KaIjl1ja­

Ma, MeCTMMl1'lHO je O'lyBaH jeztan 40

11Ba pe4a xna.tcpa. Y mrran.y cy epl1liO

K~\eCaHM 6J\OKOBM MeKor rrelU'lapa

C\O)KeHl1 y npaBl1AHe pe4oBe. Me!)y

KBa/lepmvla y Ca'lYBaliOM 4e,\y CeBe­

POMCTO'lHOr 6e4eMa Ha~\a311 ce 11 je4­

Ha CnO;\Mja, 04HOCliO npeK,\eCali 4eo

cTeJ\e, KOjM 611 ce rrpeMa O'lyBaHoM

HaTrrl1cy Morao ,'{aTOBaTl1 HajKaCHl1je

y rrpBy nOJ\OllMHY 2. BeKa16. 3a pa3,\11­

Ky Oil 6e/leMa, 'll1jM OCTaIjl1 npY)Kajy

OCHOBHe rr04aTKe 0 no,\O)Kajy 11 lia­

'll1Hy rpa!)elba aHTM'lKOr yTBp!)elha,

YliYTpallllba CTpyKTypa KacTpyMa

jOlll yBeK je He40Bo,bHO rr03HaTa. YHelllTO 60,be MCTpa)KeliOM jy)KHOM

,le,\y KacTpyMa OTKpMBeHl1 cy OCTaIjl1

KOM)'Hl1KaIjMja OMe!)alil1X nOpTl1Ijl1Ma,

Koje npaTenM opTOrOlia,\liyllleMy 06­

pa3yjy cTaM6elie l1HC)7,\e 1-c. Ha)Ka­

AOCT, Cpe411lllIbl1 4eo ,\oropa, ca npo-

15. M. IIoIIomd1, neorpa,lcKa TBpl]asa. 27-32: ,10IlYlheH IIAaHIIpe:Vla I1CX0411:Vla HOBI1j11X 11CTpa)K11Balha Cf: Q. Bjelajac-V.Ivanisevic. op. cit, 125

16. M. Mirkovic. IMS. vol. 1. 81.17.4. nojomd'l. I1:1BeIlITajl1 Y ApXeO,\OIIlKI1:V1 npeL\e411Ma 18.(976).59-65.11 20. (978), 51-56.

16

CnO\IEllllcIK\ bAWTIIK\

CTOpOM r~e ce HaAa3MAa KO~aH~a

.xernje, ca.ia je rOTOBO y ije,\I1HI1 vun­

WTeH. Y rrpM06a_\HOM ,le,\y, KOjl1 je

6MO 6palbeH 6e~el\1I1Yla, OTKpMBeH je

KOMrr;\eKC CaKpa~\HMX 3,lalba, Me~lY

KojMMa ce Ha,\a3M 11 je.ian MaIbM crre­

i\eYM aa KOjM ce npe'moc'rae.sa ~a je

6MO nocneheu fiorv MMTPI1 18. Y nper-re

ncrpaaoman.a sa OCTaTKe aHTWIKMX

rpaljesnna y npnooa.ev 6M~\0 je 3aK­

;Ly'IeHO .ta npnnaaajy IIpOCTOpy tea­

Ha6a10, WTO 6M ce ca.ta, HaKOH HO­

BMjMX casnaa,a, TeIllKO MOL\O npMX­

BaTMTM.

TI pel\!a paCII(HO/KI1BI1M noaa­

IJMMa M3rpa/lI-ba KaMeHMX 6e?leMa ;\e­

rnjcxor ;\OrOpa y CMHrl1~YHYMY He 6M

ce :'-10L\a ~aTOBaTM rrpe xpaja ~p)Tor

M_\M car-tor IIO'IeTKa 'rpeher BeKa20. Ha

TaKBO .raronan,e, IIope/l KOHCTpyK­

TMBHI1X O~;\MKa 6e~eMa M xv.xa, yxa­

ayje 11'Il1IbeHI1IJa .ta r~\aBHMHaapxeo­

;\OWKMX uaxasa ca onor npocropa

rrOTM'Ie M3 'rpeher M ~eAOM 'IeTBpTOr

sexa, ~OK je c.xoj .rpyror sexa OB~e

3HaTHO cnponaumaju 11 car-to Mec­

TI1MM'IHO jacno 113pa/KeH21. OBy noja­

BY, xoja HMje 6e3 ana-raja aa ~a_ba npo­

y-rasan,a aHTM'IKOr CMHrl1~YHYMa,

'rpefiaxo 6M Y TOKy 6Y/wrmx MC­

'rpaaorsan,a nocefino IIpoBepMTM. Ta­

xolje, je.tan 011 ijM;beBa TMX MCTpa­

/KMBaIba Mopao 611 ~a 6y~e 11 noxyura]

~a ce 40l]e 40 ca3HaIba l1a ;\11M3rpa/{­

IbM CTa;\HOr ;\erl1jcKor ;\oropa Ha MC­

TOj AOKaijMjM npeTX0411 rrpl1BpeMeHM

ca 3el\LbaHO-rraAI1Ca4HMM epopTI1C!m­

KaijMjaMa, M;\11 6M ra Tpe6aAO Tpa/KM­

TM Ha "lp)TOM MecTy, 3a WTa I1Ma 03­

6M~bliMX Mli411IJMja.

Y3 _\erMjcKM .xorop, 04HOCHO

jY/KHO O~ n.era, y 0130M pa3il06;by,

O/lHOCliO TOKOM III 11 IV sexa. rrpY/Ka­

_\0 ce IJI1BMJ\liO nace.se. Tlpoc'rop yp­

Gaue sone CMlirl1/1YliYMa /lOCTa je

noya.iano o.rpeljeu 11 nope.i 'Il1IheIm­

ue 4a cy My ynpaBo pyfiua noapy-rja~e,\OM Ylil1IUTeHa rpa/1I-bOM Bapow­

KMX epOpTMepMKalJl1jay 18. nexv.To 6M

6M;\() no.tpy-rje najyxcer ijerrrpa can­peMeHor rpa4a, or-reljarro KOCaH'II1­

neBI1M 11 06MAMneBMM senuen rrpeJ\la

3arra4Y M Tprov Penyfixaxe npesra[yrv. Ca MCTOKa M CeBepOI1CTOKa Tpa­

rOBM aHTM'IKMX rpal]eBMHa rrpaTe ce

40 YJ\Mija CMMI1He, a MeCTI1MM'IHO M

[ocrrO/1apJeBpeMOBe, 40Kje ceBepHM

py6 LJMBI1AHOr nace.sa 6MO o.tpeljen

noxozcajen xacrpysra. L\aBHY KOMy­

HI1KaijMjy aHTl1'IKOr rpa4a, y 04HOCY

na xojy cy 611Ae 'rpacnpane OCTaAe

yJ\Mije, 'IMHI10 je HaCTaBaK VIA CAR­

DO KacTpyMa, KOjl1 je Oil jY/KHe xannje

1304110 npesia jyroncroxy, HaCTaBJba­

jylu: ce na rryr xa BMMMHalJl1jyMy.

C y 4dm npeMa neztanno oTKpMBeHI1M

ocraijm-ra n.ena 'rpaca noxxanaxa ce

je~HMM 4eAoM ca ca.iaum.or« YJ\MIJOM

KHe3a Mnxanxa22. HaCTaHaK r /\aI3He

KOMyHMKaijl1je na OBOM rtpamjv, 'II1jM

ce KOHTI1HYI1TeT nparn 04 aHTMKe 40

.tanac, yC;\OBMAa je raaa, xao M xac­

nnje, crrelJI1C!m'IHa KOHqmrypaijl1ja

'repena. 04HOCHO rpe6eH 011 Kora ce

crryUITajy 6J\are rra4MHe rrpeMa 06a­

AaMa CaBe M 4yHaBa23. 4pyra rrapa­

AeJ\Ha KOMyHMKaijl1ja rrOKAarra.;\a ce

ca npaBijeM rrpY/Ka:fua Ca4aWI-be Ba­

CMHe YJ\MLJe2~. TIpeMa 40ca4awlbMM

Ca3HaI-bI1Ma L\a13HM rpatKKM Tpr ­

epOpyM, ca CBeTI1/\I111ITeM rrocBet1e-

OCT.\LJll\! ITWIKOf ClIHrJl;\YlIY.\lA Y YPI:iAHO.\!JE3fPY C\BPE.\lEIIOf fPA4A

HMM Jvmrrepy, Ha;\a3MO ce na r-tec'ry

srpaztc Hapo.ane 6aHKe v YJ\l1ijl1 Kpa­

;ba Flerpa. 0/1 OCTa..'\e rpaacxe MH­

q)pacTpyKType aHTl1'IKOr CMHrM4Y­

nvr-ra l1Ma 'rparosa KaliaJ\M3aijMOHe 11

BO~oBo~He Mpe)Ke, KOjM yc.xez; BeOMa

epparMeHTapHe 01..JyBaHocTM He rrpy­

»cajysrorvhnocr sa UIMpa passrarpan,a.

o ypfianoj CTpyKTypM aHTM'I­

xor npe're-re CaI3peMeHOr rpa4a, yc­

;\e/l c.xafie O'IyBaHOCTl1 M peTKMX MC­

Tpa/KeHI1X npnnepa. 4aHac je TeWKO

rCmOpMTI1. TparOBM CO;\M4HMjMX 3M­

4aHMX 34aI-ba, 04 KOjMX cy nexa MMa;\a

M OCTaTKe CMCTeMa aa sarpesaise, OT­

KpMBeHM cy ira snure ;\OKa;\MTeTa, aJ\M

MMa ce YTl1caK 4a cv TaKBe rpaljcnnne

y CMHrMllyHy:VIy 6MAe pe;\aTMBHO r-ra­

J\06pojHe. Crpyxrypa xv.vrypaorc.xoja, 6e3 3Ha'IajHI1jMx TparoBa rpa­

l]eBMHcKor uryra, YKa3I1BaJ\a 6M 4a cy

xyhe aHTM1..JKOr rpa4a na OBOM rrpoc­

'ropy 6M;\e CKpoMHMje rpaljenc rrpe­

Te)KHO 04 ;\aKI1X xrarepajaxa. a 11 noja­

na 3M40Ba 6e3 ja-ter MaATepHor Be3M­

na HMje perxa. 0 M3r/\e4Y arpa.ra, I-b11­

XOBOj cnpaTHOCTl1, xao 11 rycTMHM

Hace;beHOCTM y ypfiano] 30Hl1 CMHrl1­

4yHyMa, rrpeMa 110Ca4aWI-bMM casaa­I-bl1Ma, rOTOBO ce HMWTa noyaaano He

MO/Ke pehn. TparOBM 3aHaTCKe 4eAaT­

liOCTl1, xoja ce 113rAe/la O/1Bl1jaAa ua

py6HMM 4eAoBMMa nace.sa, safiexe­

/KeHM cy Ha HeKOAMKO ;\OKaAMTeTa:

K04 4aHaWI-be TIaTpMjapwMje M KOHa­

Ka KI-berl1I-be Jby6Mije25, 3aTMM Hap04­

Hor rr030pl1WTa26 11 y 6J\OKY M3Mel]y

YAMija JOBaHoBe M Ta4eywa Kowny­

WKa2'. TIocMaTpaHo y ijeJ\MHM ijMBMA­

HO Hace/be aHTM'IKOr CI1Hr114YHYMa,

04HOCHO IberOBa Y/Ka yp6aHa 30Ha

18. ;'b. 30TOB110, PeAl1rl103Hl1 CIlOMeHI1IJI1 ca Tepl1TOpl1je Cmlrl1,lynY;\la. 1111: I1cTOpl1ja 5eorpa,la 1, 101.19. B. KOH,,1110, OCHOBlIl1 e_\el\leHTI1 T0I1Orpacj:mje CI1HI'I1,e\\'HyMa. 73-20. M. TIOTIOBI10.op. cit. 31-32.21. 3aK_bY'iaK je 3aCHOBaH Ha pC3y,\TaTI1;\la o6pao'-le TIOKpeTHllX apXeO_\OlLlKI1X HaAa3a 11 TepeHCKe .lOKY:-lcHTaIJl1je ca pa3.\I1'iI1TI1X _\OKa_\I1TeTa TBpI]aBe 11

Ka_\e;\ler,e\aHa, Koja je 113BpllleHa y 40KYMeHTaIJl10HOM IJeHTpy Hay'iHO-I1CTpa)KI1Ba'iKOr TIpojeKTa 3a 5eorpa_lcKY TBpI]aBy.

22. Jb. nje_\ajaIJ - 3. CI1J\1l1t1, op. cit, 18-19.23. M. TIOTIOBI10. TIo/lpy'ije KHC3 MI1Xal1,\OBe Y-\I1IJe y CK,\OTIy yp6aHor je3rpa PI1'\ICKor CI1HrI14YHY,\la. KHe3 MI1Xal1_\OBa y-\l1lJa, 3alllTl1Ta HaC\eI]a ­

ypeI]elbe npOCTopa, KaTa_\or ra.\epl1je CAHY 26.(975),10-14.24. D. Bojovic, Arheoloski pregled 16, (974). 92-94.25. 3aUlTl1THa I1CKOTIaBafua 3aBo,la 3a 3alIlTl1TY CTIOMeHI1Ka Ky,\Type rpa,e\a 5eorpa;la 1972 r. I10,l pyKOBO,lCTBOM 4p. M. TIonOB110a, Hl1je 06jaB~beHo.

26. 3alLlTl1THa I1CKOnaRalba MY3eja rpa4a 5eorpa'la 1987. r. TIO,e\ PYKOB04CTBOM 4· 50joB110a, Hl1je 06jaBJbeHo.

27. 3aWTl1THa I1CKOTIaBafua 3aBo4a 3a 3aWTl1TY CTIOMeHI1Ka KY_\Type rpa4a 5eorpaila 1992. r. n04 PYKOB04CTBOM 3. CI1MI10a, Hl1je o6jaB..'beHo.

17

1

2

1 OCTaIJI1 KOJ\1I1AeKCa jY)KHe xarrnje xac­

TpYMa Y "PI1MCKOj caxn" bI16o\I10TeKerpa;la Beorpazta

2 OCTaIJI1 aHTI1'IKe rpahenuae na IIjaIJeTI1

<DI1~\030epcKor¢aKYo\'rera, ;leo\I1MW-IHa

peKoHcTpYKIJI1ja I13Be;leHa caBpeMe­HI1M ncey40 OIIeKaMa

18

OCLUJll ,\HTWIKCX Clllln1,jnrnL\ Y YP5AHO:VlJE3rpy C\BPDIEIlOr rPA/\A

xoja ce pa3BYL\a jpKHO Oil .xerttjcxor

.xoropa, npOCTOpHCJ je 6I1o\a pe,\aTI1B­

HO xia.xa. Haena !ICmpLUI1Ha, no cner-ry

cyaehu. HI1je npe.vaanxa 3040 35 xa.

HapaBHO, TO HI1je 6I1AO 11 je4I1HO na­

ce.seno n04PY'Ije. Ha yp6aHI130Ba­

HOM upocropy caepcr-reuor oeorpa4a

OTKpI1BeHO je mILUe I130AOBaHI1X Ma­

I-bI1X CTal\I6eHI1X I1HcYo\a, aAI1 OHe

6I1THO He Melbajy nartpezt I13HeTI1

3aK~bY'IaK.

3a pa:nI1KY 0/1 peJ\aTI1BHO CK­

pOMHor vpfianor jesrpa, CI1HrI14YHYM

je I1MaO npocrpane nexpono.xe xojecy ra oxpvxasaxe rOTOBO ca CBI1X

c'rpana. [AaBHa, jyrOI1CTO'IHa nekpo­

noxa, npy%aAa ce IW% nyra nper-ra

BI1MI1HaljI1jyMy, na TpaCI1 caaannserByxeeapa PeBoAyIJI1je, ofiyxaa'rajyhnno.tpv-rje 40 TeXHI1QKOr epaKyo\TeTa,

a I13Met]y YAI1LJa MaKe40HCKe, MajxeJeBpOCI1.'Vle 11 T aun-rajaana ca je.ure

crpane 11 YM1IJe DpoJ\eTepCKl1X 6pl1­

ra.ta ca /1PyTe crparre. 4pyra, cese­

POI1CTOQHa nexpono.xa crryurraxa ce

H113 "WHaBcKy na4I1HY, rOTOBO 40 He­

Ka4aLUI-be pe-nre ofia.xe. Hoena rpann­

lja nper-ta nace.i.eaosr noapy-tjy He

MO%e ce npeuasuo nonyhn, 6Y4ynI1

ira ce v jeilHoM pa3406oby, najsepo­

narmrje TOKOM 4. sexa, caxpan.naan,e

BpLUl1 11 na npocropv r/le cy npe4­

X04HO 0I1M1 3aHaTCKl1 o6jeKTl1, KaKO

TO rtoxaayjy Hao\a311 na pannje nor-te­

HyTOM o\OKaAI1TeTY 113Met]y YAl1lja Jo­

BaHOBe 11 Ta.reyiua KOLUnyLUKa. Tpe­ha, npocropno najsran,a HeKponOAa,

HaAa311Aa ce Y3 jyT03ana/{HI1 py6 na­

ce.sa 11 ofiyxaaraxa je noapy-rje Don

AYKl1He 11 Bpanxone YAl1lje 40 3e,\e­nor semja.

Kao LUTO ce 113 uanpe.t 113HeTOr

MOL\O B114eTl1, 'ronorparpcxa C\l1Ka

rpaaa y BpeMe I-berOBOr nynor ycno­

na, TOKOM 3. 11 4eAOM 4. sexa, pe.xa­TI1BHO je iacna. Met]YTl1M, sa pa340­

6/be xoje 06eAe%aBa nacranax 11 npso

CTOAene pasuoja aHTI1'IKOr rpa/{a aa

MecTy caBpeMeHor Beorpa.ta, HaLUa

caanan,a BeOlVIa cy OCKy4Ha. Pa3He

npcrnocraskc xoje cy y TOM CMl1C/\Y

CnO\IEHJ1'1K.\ f,ATl1TJmA

/{O ca aa 113HOIIIeHe, naj-teurhe He40­

HO~LHO yreve.eene, y 6Y/WnI1M I1C­

Tpa)KI1BaI-bI1Ma sropajy ce 1I04BprHYTl1

peI3l13l1jl1. 3a ca.ia ce He yrO)Ke pehn

xaaa y Cl1Hrl14YHYMY uac'raje npHI1

.xernjcxa .xorop. HI1TI1 xaaa 3anOql1I-be

yp6aHl13aIJl1ja npocropa OKO n.era.MO)Ke ce cano npeTIIOCTaBI1TI1 .ia 611

TO MOL\O 6l1Tl1 pa3406,be 04 xpaja

npnor 40 cpe.trrne 4pyTor sexa, Ma4a

ce 11 OBO ;1aTOHaI-be Mopa nOCMaTpaTI1

CaCBI1M YC\OHHO. TIoAO)Kaj IIpBor Ae­

rnjcxor .xoropa 3eM~baHo-rraJ\I1Ca/{He

KOHCTpyKIJl1je, panujn I1CTpa)KI1Haql1

Tpa)KI1~\11 cv na srecry xacnnjer xac­

'rpyna, 04HOCHO na rr04pyqjy .ianam­n.e Beorpa.icxe 'rnpljaee, Ma4a na TOM

rrpOCTOpy HI1CY YOqeHI1 TparOBI1

epopTl1C!mKaIJl1ja KOjl1 611 npeTX0411J\11

113rpa,1I-b11 KaMeHI1X 6e4eMa xacrpy­Ma. HI1 apxeOAOWKI1 Ha~\a311 113 Tor

pannjer pa3406~ba ua I1CTpa)KI1BaHI1M

npOCTOpl1Ma Tnpljase HI1CY 6pOjHI1, a

ner-ra HI1 jacno 1134BojeHl1X cxojesa

KOjl1 611 ce noyaziaao MOr~\11 4aTOBaTl1

y noc.ve.nse 4eIJeHl1je npnor 11 no-te­

TaK ztpvror nexa. Ha .apyra-nrje MO­

ryhe pemelbe osora npofixena yKa3a­

AI1 cy HOBl1jl1 peayxra'rn 3allITl1THl1X

I1CTpa)KI1BaI-ba y KHe3 MI1Xal1AOBoj

y-\I1IJI1 30, rvre cy OTKpl1HeHI1 OCTaIJI1

jezuror /{BojHor ummjac'ror pona ca

'rparor-r 3eJ\LbaHor 6e4eMa2~. QCTaIJI1

OBe epopTl1C!mKaIJI10He 'rpace Mory ce

nperr03HaTl1 11 Ha HeKI1M paHl1je I1C­

Tpa)KI1BaHI1M~\OKaIJl1jaMa29, TaKO 4a joj

ce npaBaIJ MO)Ke npaTI1TI1 04 3Maj Jo­

HI1He YAI1lJe na CBe 40 KHe3 Ml1xal1­

~\OBe 44. r 4e ce 113rJ\e4a I1 3aHpwaBa,

6Y;Wnl1 4a Ha TOM npaBIJY y KHe3

MI1Xal1AOBoj 48. HeMa I-beHI1X Tparo­

Ba. QBaj 3HaqajaH Ha~\a3 yKa3yje Ha

MorynHocT 4a ce CTapl1ja ~\OKaIJl1ja

~\erl1jcKor J\oropa MO)Kt1a Tpa)K11 Ha

rtoxicnvron npocropv. Y TOM c\yqa­

jy, 3eM~baHO-na~\I1Ca/1HOM (POpTl1epl1­

KaIJl1joM 611,\0 je onacano no.ipv-rje

113Mel]y y~\I1IJa KHe3a Mnxanxa I1

5pane jvrosaha, YK~byqyjynl1 CTy­

4eHTCKl1 napK. QBOM yrnpljen.y MO­

rao 611 4a o.rroeapa najcrapnja XOpl1­

30HT OTKpl1BeH na IIl1jaIJeTI1 I1Cnpe4

cDl1~\030epcKor cpaxy.vrera, /1aTOHaH

na npe.xaa 113 rrpBor Y4pyrl1 BeK, KOjl1

0;1J\I1Kyjy OCTaIJI1 xyha rpaljeunx 04

n.xerepa". Bes 40BO~bHO aprynenara,sa cazra ce cano MO)Ke npeTIlOCTaBI1­

TI1 zta je osaj 'run xyha ql1Hl10 yHy­

'rpaiun,y crpvxrvpv 6paI-beHOr npo­

cropa. Ha TaKBy MorynHocT yxasyjy

3HaQajHl1 CJ\ojeBI1 nsropexe 3eMJbe ca

TparOBI1Ma nxe'repa y nacnrry KOjl1M je

sacyr /1BOCTPYKI1 1I1IIl1IJaCTl1 pOB. Ap­

xeO~\OWKI1 HaAa311 113 OBI1X c.xojena

vxasvjy Ha nOCAe4I-be 4eIJeHl1je 4PY­

ror nexa xao npesrc xazta je POB 3aCI1­

nan Y3 Hl1BeAI1Calhe OKO/\HOr npOCTO­

pa, KOjl1 je HaKOH 'rora yp6aHl130BaH.

3acl1naI-be pOBa jacan je TERMINUS

ANTE QUEM aa narryurran.e I1 pyure­

rse 3eMJbaHO naJ\I1Ca4He epOpTl1epl1­

xaunje, Ql1jl1 ce HaCTaHaK, aa ca.aa. jow

yueK He MO)Ke nOY3/1aHO 4aTOBaTI1.

Taxolje ocraje Hen03HaTO r4e ce Y3

OBO npe'mcc'raaa.eno yrnpljen,e no­

-iexo paaanjaru IJI1BI1~\HO nace.se 6y­

4yner MYHI1IJl1nl1jYJ\la, xoje he ce rroc­

Ae narpa.nee 3114aHOr KacTpyMa npo­

Wl1pl1TI1 11 Ha npOCTOp nopyweHI1X

3eM~baHo-na~\l1ca/1HI1X epOpTl1epl1Ka­

IJl1ja. HaAa311 rp060Ba y 06Al1Ky 6y­

Hapa, OTKpl1BeHI1 I1Cn04 CnOMeHI1Ka

KHe3Y Ml1xal1J\y 11 KO/l CTape 3rpa/le

"L\aBI-baqe", Cl1rypHO 03HaQaBajy

3aQeTKe HeKponOAa Koje ne ce Kac­

Hl1je Wl1pl1TI1 Hl13 .4yHaHcKy na4l1HY

I1 4aJbe Ka jyTOI1CTOKy, WTO yKa3yje Ha

MorynHocT /'1a 611 HajcTapl1je TparoBe

Oc:TAljll AHTJ1'1KOr C11Hl'V14YHY'vlA YYP5AHO\1JE3rpy CABPDIEHor rPAilA

IJI1HI1AHOr nace.sa MO)K4a 'rpefia.xo

Tpa)KI1TI1 na npOCTOpl1Ma npcna Ka­

.xesrer4aHy I1 KOCaHQl1neBOM BeHIJY.

Tonorpacpcxa C\I1Ka KaCHoaH­

Tl1qKOr Cl1Hrl14YHYMa 113 nOCJ\e4I-bI1X

;1eIJeHl1ja qeTUpTOr 11 IIpBe nOAOUI1He

neror sexa, 0/1HOCHO pa3406Jba 113­

J\Iel]y 378. 11 441. roznme, 'raxolje HaM

je He40BOJbHO n03HaTa. Hexa.raum,aypfiana 30Ha IJI1BI1J\HOr uace.sa CI1H­

rl1/WHyMa y OBOM pa3/{06~b Y je 4e­

J\I1Ml1qHO I1J\11 rOTOUO Y IJeAI1HI1 6l1Aa

narryurrena. TparOHI1 Hace06l1HCKOr

c.xoja 113 osora pa3406Jba OTKpl1BeHI1

cy caxio na yCKOM npocropy OKOyAI1­

IJe Kpa.r.a Tlerpa, O/lHOCHO Y nerto­cpeztuoj 6Al13l1Hl1 jyrOI1CTOQHOr 6e­

/leMa xacrpyxra. Ha OCTaJ\OM uexazta­

WI-beM npocropy aHTI1QKOr nace.sa y

TO npexe BpWI1 ce QaK I1 caXpalbl1Ba­

n.e, KaKO TO CHe40Qe HaJ\a311 HeKI1X

rp060Ba ca noapyvja KHe3 Mnxan­

AOBe y AI1IJe31. TI peoc'ra.xa norryAaIJl1ja

y OBoMe pa3406~bY rrOB~\aQI1 ce y OK­

nnpe 6e4eMa KacTpyMa, r 4e ce sare­-reua crpyxrypa ca opTorOHaAHOM

weMOM KOMYHI1KaIJl1ja narryurra I1 py­

paxnayje. PeTKI1 TparOBI1 ofijexara,

KOjl1 611 ce MOr~\11 4aTOBaTl1 y 0130 spe­

Me, vxaayjy na ynorpefiy 4pBeTa xao

rJ\aBHOr rpal]eHI1HCKOr MaTepl1jaJ\a32.

BeOMa OCKY4Hl1M nO;1aIJI1Ma,

xa.ia je y rnrran.y 'ronorpadnrja aHTI1­

QKOr rrpeTeQe caBpeMeHor neorpa4a,

paCrrOAa)KeMO 11 3a upeMe paHOBI13aH­

Tl1jcKe 06HoBe y 6. BeKy. Y TOM pa3­

406Jby yTBpl]eI-be je Cl1rypHO CMaIbe­

HO 11 OrpaHI1QeHO caMO Ha rrOBpWI1Hy

ca4aWIber fopI-ber rpa4a 5eorpa4­

CKe TBpl]aBe33. TIpeoCTaAI1 4eo HeKa­

4awIher KacTpyMa OCTao je, 113rAe4a,

Kao je/1l1HI1 rrpOCTOp IJI1BI1J\HOr Hace­

~ba. 3a caXpaI-bI1BaI-be ce KOPI1CTI1 4eo

28. 3aIIITl1THa I1CTpa)\(I1Balba 1992. rO"lI1He. pe3y,\TaTI1 HI1CY 06jaB,beHI1.

29. TparOBI1 ,ly6oKI1X yKona KOjl1 ce HI1CY MOr,\11 jacHo pacTyMa'-lI1TI1 OTKpl1BeHI1 cy npl1'\I1KO:VI 3aIIITl1THHX I1CKOnaBalba Y 3J\1aj ]omIHoj y,\l1lJl1, I1cno"l

4e/\l1jcKe '-IeCJ\le 11 v KHC3 MI1XavL\OBoj 44. Cf. Jb. oje,\ajalJ- 3.Cl1;\JHn. Pe3Y,\TaTI1 3aIIITl1THl1X apxeO.\OUlKI1X I1CKOnaBalba Ha npOCTOpy y,\l1lJe KHe3a Ml1­

xal1.\a, [o,ll1IIIlbaK rpa,la oeorpa;la XXXY1II, (991), 17-21.

30.4. OOjOBl1t1, TIpl1,\or yp6aHoj I1CTOpl1jl1 oeorpa"la y nepl10"ly pl1MCKe "lOMl1HdlJl1je. 16-21.

31.]h. oje/\ajalJ - 3. CI1;\1l1n, op. cit, 28-29, T. 11.32. Aj. oje,\ajalJ - B.I1BaHl1UleBl1n. on. IJI1T, 125.

33. M. TIonOBl1n, oeorpa(lcKa TBPDdBa, (982),32-37.

19

CllO\lElUILJKA b,\WTllIL\

crape ceneponcro-nre nexpono.xe,

xoja je 6110 Haj6All)K1l HeKa4'-UllIhlll\1

6e4eMllMa .xerujcxor .xoropa, KaKO TO

noxasvjy pe3yATaTll He,aaBHl1X llC­

'rpaxcaean,a 1l3;\lel)y y;\I1Ip T a.reyura

Kornhymxa II ]OBaHOBe.

Hanpezi 1l3HeTa sanaacan,a 0

'rouorpadicxoj C\I1lJll pllMCKOr Cnn­

rll/l.YHYMa, 'rparonnr-ra ypriane CTpyK­

Type, xao II c'reneny n-eue o-rynanoc­'rn, nOJ\a31lWTe cy sa pasna-rpan,a 0

r-roryhnoc'rnxra rrpeaeuraijnje aurn­

qKOr HacAel)a y TKllBY caBpeMeHor

rpa~1a. 'Iy ce 04Max MO)Ke YOqllTll 4a

paCnOAa)KeMO ca BeOMa cAa60 Oqy­

BaHllM ocraunna arrrn-norx CTpyKTy­

pa II .ra HaM 40 ca.ta o'rxpanemt OCTa­

IJll 31l4aHllX rpaheanaa penpesetrryjycaxro jezuro, llCTllHa, Haj:maqajHllje

pa3406;be Y ncropajn CllHrll/1;/HYMa.

Ca 4pyre crpane, C;\0604He nOBpWll­

He r 4e ce Mory o-rexasaru orsprrha

aarn-norx 34aI-ha yr AaBH02'v1 cy orpa­un-rene rra npOCTOp Beorpa.icxe TBp­

Ijaae II napKa Kaxever'4aH, xao II nexe

MaI-he 30He na no.tpy-rjy nexa.tannser

qllBll;\HOr nace.ea CllHrll/WHYMa. Tycy y 110ca/1aWI-hoj npaxcn II yqllI-heHll

npna nOKywajll npe3eHTaqllje II yKAa­

naI-ha OCTaTaKa aHTllQKllX 34aI-ha y

caBpeMeHO TKllBO rpa4a.

Kao HajycneAllje OCTBapeI-he y

TOM CMllCAl' 1l34Baja ce npe3eHTaqllja

11eAOBa 6e/1eMa KacTpyMa Ha Tpll AO­

Kaqllje, 04 KOjllX je CllrypHo Haj3a­

HllM;bllBllja OHa llCn04 3rpa4e ca4aw­

Ihe n1l6A1l0TeKe rpa4a neorpa4a.

ITPllAllKOM a4anTaqllje OBor 06jeKTa

3a Ca4aWI-hY HaMeHy l' npocTopy yHy­

TpaWI-her 4BOpI1lJITa, KOjll Hllje 6110

nopeMeneH YKonaBaI-heM n04pyMa,

OTKpllBeH je TeMe;bHll 4eo 6e4eMa

KacTpyMa ca je4HoM 04 KyAa Koje cy

npllna4aAe CllCTeMY 046paHe jy)KHe

Kanllje. CpenHllM CTllqajeM OKOAHOC­

Tll, ynpaBo Ha TOM MecTy y 6e4eMy ce

HaAa31l II OTBOp Kp03 KOjll je y Kac­

TpyM YAa31lAa r;\aBHa O;\OBHa qeB

pllMCKOr B040B04a. Tlpojex'ron a.tatt­

'rarjnje 61l;\0 je npe.isnheno 4a ce y

TOM npocropy 1l3rpa41l n043eMHll 11e­

no aa KI-hllre, 04 -rer-a ce nocxe onor

na.xaaa 04ycTa;\0. YMecTo CK;\a41lW­

'ra, nsrpaljena je je.ura n043eMHa

4BopaHa Y QlljeM cv eirrepnjepv OCTa­

All y IJeAllHll CaQYBaHll OTKpllBeHll

ocrann epopTllqmKaIJllja ca /1e;\OM an­TllQKOr B040B04a3

-l . Ijexo ynyrpaur­

I-he ypeheu,e OBe Heme npocropnje ­

"PllMCKe 4BopaHe", nar-iea.ene MaI-hllM

jaBHllM cxvnosnna, O/lHOCHO npe.7{a­

BalbllMa II KaMepHllM xomjeprto-ra, no­

4pel)eHo je OBOM Ha.\a3Y. Y 3 OCTaTKe

6e4eMa 1l3AO)KeHll cy npancpua au­TllQKe KaMeHe nAaCTllKe 113 CllHrll­

IWHyMa II nO/l.YHaBCKor 4e;\a pllMCKe

npoanmjaje Topn,e Mesn]e, QllMe je

osaj aM61ljeHT ycnewHo 40nYI-heH.

Y rpal)llBaI-heM orxpnaenux OCTaTaKa

v nouonarpaljeaa 3aTHOpeHll rrpoc­

TOp, 06e36el)eHo je I-hllXOBO 'rpajnoQYBaI-he 6e3 KOH3epBaTOpCKllX mrrep­

senunja, xao II npesearaunja xoja

oraor-yhasa CTaAHll yarpezum KOHTaKT

caBpeMeHor QOBeKa ca rracxeljer« je.t­

He 4aBHO MllHy;\e enoxe. (CJ\llKa 1)

CaCBllM 4p)TaQlljll HaQllH npll­

MelheH je K04 npe3eHTaqllje ,lJ.eAa 6e­

4eMa KacTpyMa ca CeBepOllCTOQHe

CTpaHe ropI-her rpa/l.a. T y ce OCTaIJll

aHTllQKe epOpTllepllKaqllje Ha;\a3e yr­

pal)eHll y Cpe4I-hOBeKOBHll 6e4eM n04

31l4HOM MaCOMKaMeHe eCKapne II je4­

He 04 6acTaja Ha npe4I-hoj 046paM6e­

HOj J\llHlljll. Pa41l npe3eHTaIJllje OBllX

CTaplljllX oCTaTaKa, y je4HoM 04CeQKY

4Y)KllHe OKO 20 M, YKAOI-heHa je 31l4Ha

Maca Cpe4I-hOBeKOBHe eCKapne, WTO

je oMorynllAO 4a ce OTKpllje TeMe;b ca

4Ba OQyBaHa pe4a KBa4epa aHTllQKOr

6e/leMa, Kao II yHyTpaWlhll 4eo je4He

04 KyAa. IJeo oBaj npocTop KOH3epBa­

TOpCKll je y06AllQeH peKoHcTpyKqll­

JOM jow 4Ba pe4a KBa4epa, Qlf]'vle je

YQllI-heH nOKywaj 4a ce WTO 60;be

llCKa)Ke HeKa4aWIha KOHCTpyKqllja

OCTAJJll AHTll'iKO!' C11HrJl,IYHY.\L\ Y YP5A.I10\!JE3rpy C\BPE\IEIJOr rp.\,lA

aHTllQKOr 31li~HOr n;\aTHa3S. OBaKBllM,

MorAO 61l ce pehn, aHaTOMCKllM npll­

Ka30M, jacno je noxaaana c'rparnrpa­

qmja epOpTl1CfmKaIJllja na OBOM 4e;\y

I'opn.er rpa4a Beorpa.icxe 'rapljase.aAll je y H3BecHoj Mepll uapyureu nu­

'rcrpu're'r Cpe4I-hOBeKOBHe 0/16paM6e­

He ;\llHllje, xoja je ynpaBo na TOM npo­

CTOpy Haj60.be OQyBaHa. Ha 'rpeho]

.\OKaqI1jll, ca ceaepoaanazme crpaneFopn.er rpa;la, ocrann aHTllQKOr 6e­

(leMa Y BI1CllHll caxro je.mor pe4a KBa­

.tepa OQYBaHll cy nenocpe.mo I1CnO/1

TeMe;ba MAal)I1X epOpTllepllKaqHja.

Hsnxona upeaetrrarjnja ua OBOM npo­

CTOpy 61l;\a je crora Moryna je,L1HO­

CTaBHOM /l.eHllBe;\aIJI1joM 'repena, Y3

4e;\llMllQHO nO/l.3Hl)llHaI-he rrosnnjer

6e/leMa.

3a pa3;\llKy 04 OCTaTaKa 6e4e­

r-ra .xernjcxor Aoropa, 'rparose aHTH­

QKI1X rpaljesnna OTKpllBeHllX l' TOKy

apxcoxonncnx ncxonanan.a /10 ca.ta

HHje 61l;\0 r-ror-yhe npe.rerrrosaru. 3a

TO noc'rojn nexo.xnxo paaxora. OCTa­

IJll rpaljeunna Y 40I-heM rpa4Y, no­

ce6HO KOMn;\eKC aa xoju ce npe'r­

nocrae.ea /l.a je m-rao caxpaxny na­

MeHy, Ae)Ke Ha KOTaMa Koje cy ca4a

B040nAaBHe TOKOM Bener 4eAa r041l­

He. Ha TO je IIpecy4aH YTllIJaj llMa;\()

OTIIIITe nO/l1l3aI-he HllBOa nO/l.3eMHllX

B04a noc\e 1l3rpa,7{I-he 6paHe Ha 1]ep­

4any. Ta OKO;\HOCT He caMO 4a OHe­

MorynaBa npe3eHTaIJlljy, Ben 3HaTHO

OTe)KaHa II caMa llCTpa)KllBaI-ha aHTll­

QKllX 1'1 cpe/1If>OBeKOBHllX cAojeBa Ha

BeneM il.eAy 40I-her rpa4a. Y [opIbeM

rpa/l.y, 6y4ynll 4a je npeTe)KaH 4eo

CTaplljllX apxeO;\OWKHX cAojeBa yHll­

LUTeH llAll ce HaAa31l n04 BllCOKllM

HaCllnllMa, y TOKy ;7{OCa,lJ.aWlbllX llC­

Tpa)KllHaI-ha OTKpHBaHll cy caMO MalhI1

epparMeHTll aHTllQKllX 3I140Ba. 1;13y­

3eTaK npe4CTaB;bajy oCTaqI1 je4Hor

xopeyMa, npoHal)eHll Ha npOCTOpy Y3

4aHaUlI-hY CaxaT Kanlljy, KOjll cy OQy­

BaHI1 caMO y 40I-heM 4eAy TeMe;ba3G•

34. Pa40Be Ha a4aIITaijI1jI1 3rpa4e 6I1Blller XOTeAa "CpncKa KpyHa" I13B04I10 je 3aBo4 3a 3aWTI1TY CrrOMeHI1Ka KyAType rpa4a oeorpa4a. rrpeMa rrpojeKTy

apx. C. By'leHOBI1na.

35. Pa40BI1 cy I13Be4eHI1 rrpeMa rrpojeKTy apx. M .. BY~\OBI1n.

20

CnO\IEHJltJK',. f,',.lITTJlfL\

3

4

3 t{eTa,l.> errrepnjepa Beo\I1KOl 6apyTHor

xrararjrma y t{OI-beM rpally ca rrOCTaBKOM

aHTI1QKI1X Ka:'.leHI1X ClIOMeHI1Ka

4 KaMeHI1 ClIOMeHI1IJI1 ca nexponoxe

CI1HrI111YHYMa I13N))f(eHI1 aa rOpI-beM rpa/lY

21

OCT.',.T J1I AllTWJKOr C1IHnUYHY\L\ Y YPnAHO\\JE3rpy CABPE\lEHOr rPAllA

Cran.e OQYBaHOCTI1 OBe sna-rajne rpa­

I]emme nnje ovoryhaaaxo npeaerrra­

IJl1jy I-beHI1X ocraraxa. Kao je411Ho

peuren.e nocroja.xa je MoryhHocT l1a

ce I-beHa OCHOBa npnxazce casro xao

IJpTe/K Y paBHI1 TAa, a~\11 04 'rora ce

ozryc'ra.xo 360r .xorue rrperAe4HOCTI1,

xao 11 l.Il1I-beHI1IJe ?1a 611 TaKaB Hal.J:I1H

npeserrratjnje 6110 J\!O/K4a pa3yMJbl1B

.sa crpy-m.axe, aJ\11 He 11 3a 0611l.J:HOr

rrOCeTI10IJa.

HI1 na npocropv rrapxa Kaxe­Mer4aH TparOBI1 aHTI1l.J:Ke apXI1TeK­

Type HI1CY rrpe3eHTOBaHI1. Ha TO je

YTI1IJaAa c.xafia o-rynanocr OTKpI1Be­

HI1X 4eAOBa rpaljesnua 11, nocefino,

BeOMa -'\OW KBaAI1TeT yrpahenor xa­

r-rena, KOjl1 ce, 113J\0/KeH a'rsiocdiepa­

Al1jaMa, BeOMa 6p30 pacrra/la. Meljy­TI1M, OCI1M osora nocro]a jow jeaan,

l.J:I1HI1 HaM ce, 3Hal.J:ajHl1jl1 pa3J\or.

Tlpocrop Kaxesrer-aana, xao najcra­pnjer rpa.tcxor napxa npeacrana,anocefitry crrOMeHI1l.J:KY BpeI1HOCT, He­

3aBI1cHY 0,,1 l.J:I1IbeHl1lje 11a ce HaAa311 y

OKBI1PY 3aWTI1heHOr KOMrr-,\eKCa Beo­

rpa.tcxe 'rnpljase. OTKpI1BaI-beM aHTI1­

l.J:KI1X OCTaTaKa na Behl1M rrOBpWI1­

HaMa 11 IbI1XOBOJ\1 npeaenrarjnjost, y

3HaTHoj J\1epl1 611 ce napyumo aM611­

jeirr osor noaaa'ror rrapKa. Taxo je y

OBOM cyxofiy pa3AI1l.J:I1TI1X Bpe4HOCTI1

Ky./\'rypnor nacxelja npeBary 04HeAO

OHO xoje je 6J\I1/Ke norpefiar-ra caBpe­

J\1eHOr rpaljanana.

11p06AeM ca TparOBI1Ma rpalje­BI1Ha na npocTopy nexa.raunser IJI1­

BI1~\HOr rrace.sa pl1MCKOr CI1HrI14YHY­

J\1a 11 r-roryluroc'rm-ra Ibl1XOBe eneirry­

a.xue npesetrrauaje jour je CAO/KeHl1jl1.

I1HTeH311BHOM 113rpa4I-bOM canpcxie­

nor rpaaa TOKOM osor croxeha, OCTa­

IJI1aHTI1l.J:KI1X 34aI-ba cy rOTOBO no npa­

BI1~\Y Y IJeAI1HI1 yHI1WTaBaHI1, naj-reurhe 6e3 I1KaKBe 40KyMeHTaIJl1je. Car-to

y peTKI1M cAyl.J:ajeBI1Ma 611Aa cy Mory­

ha 3aWTI1THa I1CTpa/KI1BaI-ba npahena

36. ApxeO,\OWKa I1CTpa/l(l1Balha Y OKBl1py

HaYQHO-I1CTpa/KI1BaQKOr npojexra sa Beo­rpa4CKY TBplJaBY 1989 r-, Pe3YATaTl1 HI1CY06­

jaBJbeHI1.

cnO.\lEHWIKA ["AII IHIHA

TeJlZlbaMa 4a ce OTKpI1SeHI1 eppar­

MeHTI1 aHTI1'-1KI1X crpyxrypa npesen­Tyjy 11 yxxone Y CaBpeMeHO ypeljen.evpfianor npOCTOpa. TIpSI1 noxynraj vTOM CMI1CAY 3a6eJ\e%eH je xpajexr

We34eCeTI1X rO/1I1Ha na npocropyCTY/1eHTCKOr napKa. TIPI1/\I1KOM saur­

TI1THI1X I1CTpa%I1Balba 'ry cv 6I1AI1 OT­

KpI1BeHI1 OCTaIJI1 MalbI1X TepJV1I1 113 3 ­4. sexa". 4eJ\osI1 3I140Sa SI1we npoc­TOpI1ja ca XI1nOKaycToM 11 4Be Malbe

nI1CIJI1He, I1aKO cai-ro 4eJ\I1MI1'-1HOo-ry­

BaHI1 40 paSHI1 rtoztosa, xao 11 '-II1lbeHI1­

IJa 4a je 06jeKT 6110 rOTOBO y IJe/\I1HI1

I1CTpa)KeH, YTI1IJaJ\I1 cy ira 04AYKy 4a

ce OTKpI1SeHI1 OCTaIJI1 KOH3epBI1p~y

Y3 Malbe pexoac-rpyxrjnje 11 npe3eH­

Tyjy y OKBI1PY ypeljeaor npocropanapKa. Ilpojexroxr je 6I1J\0 npe4­

BI1l]eHo zta ce oCTaIJI1 TepMI1 npI1Ka)Ky

y paBHI1 uexaaaunser 'repena, a 4a ce

SI1CI1HCKa pa3/\I1Ka /l0 caaaum.er HI1­

Boa napKOBCKI1X CTa3a peWI1, xao WTO

je TO y06I1'-1ajeHo, KOCI1M sa'rpaazse­

HI1M 3eMJbaHI1M uncapnana". OBa npo­

jexrna 3aMI1CaO, xoja je 6I1J\a OCTsa­

peHa y IJeAI1HI1, npcac'raa.saxa je 40­

6ap noxyuraj 4a ce npI1Ka3I1BalbeM OT­

KpI1BeHI1X OCTaTaKa TepMI1 06e.Ae)KI1

jeztan 04 peTKI1X npeOCTaAI1X 'rparoaaaHTI1'-1Ke ypfiane crpyx'rype y jearpy

caspesrenor rpa4a. Ha)KaAOCT, OBO

ocrnapen.e HI1je 6I1AO Jryror sexa.C/\a6I1M 04p)KaBalbeM, a nocefiuo He­

6pI1rOM 11 4ecTPYKTI1BHI1M 04HOCOM

rpaljana, osaj ypeljenn npoc'rop je Be­

OMa 6p30 4erpa4I1paH, a npeserrro­

BaHI1 oCTaIJI1 apxtrrexrvpe I13AO)KeHI1

YHI1WTaBalbY. JaCHo ce rtoxasaxo, 11

nope4 anraacosan.a crpy-m.axa, 4a je

rpaljaunsra OBaKaB BI14 npeaerrrana]e

Hepa3YM/bI1B. OCTaIJI1 aHTI1'-1Kerpalje­

BI1He, npI1Ka3aHI1 npaKTI1'-1HO y sare­

'-IeHOM c'ran.y, 04HOCHO 6e3 3HaTHI1­

jI1X 06HoBa xoje 611 CBOjI1M BO,,\yMe-

HOM jacnnje O/1pe/1I1,,\e nexa.tanrn.yepyHKIJI1jy npocropa, aa npoce-nrorrpaljannaa npeacrae.eajy pyweBI1HY

6e3 CMI1CAa. To je je4aH 04 6I1THI1X

'-II1HI1J\aIJa KOjI1, Ha)KaJ\OCT, qeCTO yc­

xon.saea HeraTI1BaH 0/1HOC npeMa

rrac.xeljy, WTO ce vr-xasnoxr O/{C\I1Ka­

na Kp03 He3aI1HTepeCoBaHocT, aJ\I1 11

t1ecTPYKTI1BHO nonauiaise. Y3 cyo-ra­sarse ca OBI1M np06/\eMOM 11 '-II1lbeHI1­

IJOM .ta je yrpO)KeH oncranax OTKpI1­

BeHI1X OCTaTaKa, MopaJ\a ce 40HeTI1

04AyKa 4a ce IJeo osaj AOKaAI1TeT

.sarpna 11 TaKO ca-ryaa aa nexy 6Y4yny

renepaunjy Beorpaljana, xoja he npe­

Ma aHTI1'-1KOM nac.xeljv I1MaTI1 n03I1­

TI1BHI1jI1 04HOC.

4pyrI1 noxyuraj npeaenraunjeaHTI1'-1KI1X OCTaTaKa yHeKOJ\I1KO ce pa­

3AI1Kyje 04 npm-repa 113 CTY;1eHTCKor

napKa. Ha nI1jaIJeTI1 I1Cnpe4 HOBe

3rpa;le <DI1/\030epCKor cpaKy,,\TeTa,

npI1,,\I1KOM 3aWTI1THI1X 11CTpa)KI1BaI sa

y HajMAal]eM aHTI1'-1KOM XOpI130HTy,

4aToBaHoM y 3 - 4. BeK, OTKpI1BeHI1

cy 11 OCTaIJI13I14aHe apXI1TeKType39. Y

III1TalbY je 4eo jeanor rrpocrpannjer­3/1alba, 04 xora cy npeOCTaAI1 yrAaB­

HOM TeMeJDHI1 OCTaIJI1 TpI1 xran.e an­

CI14e, xao 11 TparOBI1 3I140Ba ca I1C­

TO'-lHe crpane. 04 OTKpI1BeHI1X OCTaTa­

xa ca-rysan je cano 3114 ca anCI14aMa,

40K je CBe OCTa/\O YHI1WTeHO yKO­

nasatset-r nO/13eMHI1X nocrpojen.a HO­

Be srpaae epaKyATeTa. HI1 OHO WTO je

npeOCTaAO yCAe4 cAa6e o'-lyBaHOCTI1

HI1je 6I1AO nor04HO sa npeaeirraijrrjy.

Y 'raxsoj CI1TyaIJI1jI1, Ha'-lI1lbeH je no­

xyuraj 4a ce OTKpI1BeHe aHTI1'-1Ke

c'rpvx'rype y caSpeMeHI1M MaTepI1jaJ\­

I1Ma I1CKa)Ky y OKBI1PY npOCTopHor

ypehen.a nnjane're, 11 TO I1CIJpTa­

BalbeM Y nJ\O'-lHI1KY I1AI1 4e,,\I1l\1I1qHI1M

Ha/13I1l]I1BalbeM. TaKO cy Ha4 o'-ly­

BaH11M OCTaIJI1Ma, KOjI1 cy OCTa/\I1 nOll

OCL\LJll ,\HTIl'1KOr CIlHn14YHY.\L\ Y YPbAHO.\lJE3rpy CAHPE\lEHOr rPA,1A

3eM"bOM, /1e,,\I1l\fI1'-1HO pexoncrpyaca­

He CBe TpI1 arrcn.te Y3 60'-lHy epaca;lY

Kane'rau MI1WI1HOr 34alba, 40K cyTpace nopyweHI1X 3I140Ba npnxasanecat-to y IL\O'-lHI1KY\o. Kao rpa/lI1BO .sa

OB~ 3axBaT, y He40cTaTKY aHTI1'-1KI1X

onexa, KOpI1WneHe cy I1MI1TaIJI1je, o.t­HOCHO 60jeHI1 6eTOHCKI1 6,,\OKOBI1.

(CAI1Ka 2) OBaKaB Ha'-lI1H rtpcaerr­

TaIJI1je noxasao je 3HaTHe cAa60CTI1.

<DparMeHT aHTl1'-1Ke apxtrrex'rype 4e­

AI1MI1'-1HO I1CKa3aH Y caBpeMeHOM r-ra­

'repnjaxy. Y3 rrexrorvhnoc'r carxezta­nan-a IJeAI1He 06jeKTa, '-IaK 11 sa crpy-r­

n.axe /leAyje Hepa3yMJbl1BO 11 He 40­

)KI1B~aBa ce Kao 4eo CnOMeHI1'-1KOr

nacxelja je.nre r/{aBHe enoxe, sen 4e­

.xyje xao zteo caBpeMeHor ypehen.a, Y

OKBI1PY IJe/\I1He MepMepHor nAO'-lHI1­

xa 1II1jaIJeTe, 'rpace nopyweHI1X aHTI1­

'-IKI1X 3I140Ba 06eJ\e)KeHe 6eTOHCKI1M

ncey40 ortexaxia, c'rsapaxe cy YTI1CaK

HaKHa4Hl1X saxna WTO je 6I1AO y cy­

npOTHOCTI1 ca OCHOBHOM I14ejOM zta

ce TparOBI1 aHTI1'-1KOr rpa4a npl16­

AI1%e caBpeMeHI1M Beorpahaansra.To je 6110 pa3Aor /1a ce npI1/\I1KOM He­

.tanne 06HoBe /leJ\a n,,\O'-lHI1Ka nnja­

IJeTe, npI1AI1KOM rrozuraan.a CnOMeHI1­

xa Fberoury, OBaKBO nOSpWI1HCKO

ofiexeacaaan,e nopyweHI1X aHTI1'-1KI1X

3I1/l0Ba yK,,\OHI1.

Moryhuoc'r npeaeirrarjaje He­

KI1X cppar-aeuara jeanor MOHyMeH­

Ta/\HOr 34alba pI1MCKOr CI1HrI14YHYMa

YKa3aAa ce HaKOH BI1Wer04I1WlbI1X

apxeOAOrnKI1X ncxorraaan.a I1Cn04

nopyrneHe 3rpa,l(e Hap04He 6116AI10­

'rexe na KOCaH'-II1neBOM BeHIJY. Ty cyncno.t HI1BOa no.ia Ilo/1pyMa, 04HO­

CHO 3 40 4 M I1CIl04 paSHI1 y,,\I1'-1HOr

nJ\O'-lHI1Ka, 4eAI1MI1'-1HO OTKpI1BeHI1

OCTaIJI1 jeane Bene pI1MCKe rpaljennae

ca TparOBI1Ma xnnoxaycra". O'-lyBaHI1

OCTaIJI1 3l1tlOBa, I1aKO BeOMa epparMeH-

37.4. nojoB110, P11MCKe TepMe y rrapKY Ha CTY,leHTcKoM Tpry y neorpa,lY, rO,l11WlhaK rpa,la neorpa,la XXIV, (977).5-20.

38. Pa40Be Ha KOH3epBaIJ11j11 11 rrpe3eHTaIJ11j11 OCTaTaKa TepM11 Y CTY,leHTcKoM rrapKY IDReo je 3aRo4 3a 3aWT11TY CIIOMeHI1Ka Ky,\Type rpa;Ja neorpa,la

rrpeMa rrpojeKTy apx. P..nmKOB110.

39. 4· nojoBl10, TIp11J\or yp6aHoj 11CTOp11j11 neorpa,la Y rrep110,ly p11MCKe ,lO"mHaIJl1je.5 - 25.

40. TIpojeKaT rrpe3eHTaIJ11je 113pa!)eH je Y 3aBO,lY 3a 3aWT11TY CrrOMeH11Ka Ky,\Type rpajla nporpaila. ayTop apx. C. I1BawleB110.

41. r. LJBeTKOBl1o. 4. M11AORaHOB110, M. MypaB.boB, Ha 3rapI1IIITY Hapo4He 6116J\110TeKe y neorpa4Y. MeMOpl1jaAH11 11 apxeO.\OWK11 CrrOMeH11IJ11,

CaorrWTelha xx - XXI, Perry6.\wIKI1 3aB04 3a 3aWT11TY CrrOMeH11Ka KyAType, 0988/89), 147 - 180.

22

'rapnn, npyacajy r-ror-yhxroc'r aa npe­

3eHTaIJI1jy y OKBI1PY jeAHe 3aTBOpeHe

noztsesnre npocropnie, KaKO je TO 11

npe.ranljeno I1,lejHI1M npojexrosr ay­

'ropa I1CTpa)KI1BaI-ba4 2. OBaKBI1M Ha'-lI1­

HOM npeaetrrarjnje 611;\0 611 oi-rory­

heno 'rpajno '-lyBaIbe aHTI1'-lKI1X OCTa­

'raxa 11 IbI1XOBO eBeHTyaJ\HO YKJ\arraI-be

y 6Y/lyne peKoHcTpyI1CaHO 3/{aI-be CTa­

pe Hapo.ine 6I16J\I10TeKe. Ha raj na­'-lI1H, y 3aTBOpeHI1M rrpOCTOpI1Ma ca­

spenene nasrene, epparMeHTI1 pI1MCKe

apxirrexrvpe uautxn 611 ce y epyHK­

IJI1jI1 .saurruhenor excnouara CBaKO/l­

HeBHO ztoc'ryrrnor nOCeTI1oIJI1Ma.

HaBe"leHI1 npI1MepI1 npeacras­

.sajy aa calla je/lI1He noxyruaje Aa ce Yjesrpy canpexenor rpazia 06eAe)KI1

aHTI1'-lKO nacxelje. Mel]YTI1M, TI1Me

HI1CY ncijpn.eenc CBe MorynHOCT11 sacycpeT caBpeMeHI1X rpal]aHa ca oc­

TaIJ11Ma p11MCKOr C11Hr11/lYHYMa.

OPOjH11 HaAa311 CTeAa 11 capxocpara ca

HeKpOrrO;\a xoje cy oKpy)K11BaAe an­

T11'-lK11 rpazt, npaxyn.saan B11111e OA

je.anor cro.xeha, CBe /l0 He/taBHO 6I1AI1

cy ne.aoc'rynun unrpoi jaBHOCT11.

Ypel]eI-beM J\arrI1/lap11jyMa y rrpoc­

TOpI1jaMa BeA11KOr Gapyrnor MaraIJ11­

na Y 40I-beM rpa.ry Y'-lmbeH je noxv­

uraj /la ca 'raj anaxajan epOH/l KOH3ep­

BI1pa 11 na oaronapajylur Ha'-l11H rrpe­

aen-ryje. Y 3 3I1AOBe jeane OA ca.xa

oaor avc'rpajcxor 3AaIba 113 18. nexa,

113AO)KeHe cy CTeAe 11 )KpTBeHI1IJI1,

/lOK cy y Cpe/l11111I-beM /leAY 11 rrp11C­

TyrrHoM XOAH11KY rrOCTaB.lbeH11 capKO­

epa3I1 11 epparMeHT11 apX11TeKTOHCKe

IIAaCT11Ke4:\ . IJeo oBaj rrpOCTOp, Ben11M

AeAOM 11CK/\eCaH y CTeHaMa, KOjI1 ce

OA He/laBHO KOp11CT11 3a O/lp)KaBaI-be

Ky;\TypHI1X MaHI1epeCTalJI1ja, rrpy)Ka

6pOjHI1M rrOCeT110IJI1Ma MorynHocT

AO)K11BJbaja 11 aHT11'-lK11X CrrOMeHI1Ka,

a;\11 He Kao 0611'-lH11X eKcrrOHaTa Ben

611THI1X eAeMeHaTa IJeAoKyrrHor aM­

6I1jeHTa. OCI1M OBe rrOCTaBKe y Be­

A11KOM 6apyTHoM MaraIJI1HY, HaAa311

CrrOMeHI1Ka ca HeKpOrrO;\a CI1Hr11/lY­

HyMa I13J\0)KeH11 cy y OKB11PY jeane

MaI-be lJeJ\I1He 11 na ropisera rpa/lY

Beorpa.icxe 'rnpljane. HeKO/\I1KO cap­

xorpara 11 jezura crexa. rrOCTaB/beH11 cyna OTBopeHOM npoc'ropy, ca IJ11JbeM

/la rrOCeTI10IJY y je/lHOM /leTa/bY /l0­

xapajv I13L\eA aHT11'-lKe nexponoxe. 44

(C\I1Ka 4)

Ilocuarpajyhn ztocaztaunse pe­

3Y;\TaTe I1CTpa)K11BaI-ba 'rparona aHT11­

'-lKOr C11Hr11/lYHYMa, xao 11 noxyuraje/la ce neurro 0<"1 OTKpI1BeHOr 11 rrp11­

xazce, nasrehy HaM ce HeK11 Oil onur­

TI1X 3aKJbY'-laKa. Ben na npen nor-xezijacno ce /la Y0'-lI1T11 /la ce ypfianac'rpvxrypa aHT11'-lKOr rpa/la, nperevecaBpeMeHor Eeorpaaa, H11je 0/1/\I1KO­

saxa 6pOjH11j11M COA11AHO rpaljenm-r3/laI-b11Ma OA KOjI1X 611 ce r-rorA11 o-re­

K11BaTI1 60Jbe O'-lyBaH11 oCTaIJ11, no.ao­6H11 aa eaerrrya.xrry npeaerrrarjnjy.

3rpa/le CI1Hr11/lYHYMa naj-teurhe cy,

I13rAet1a, 6l1Ae rpaljene OA AaK11X r-ra­

'repajaxa KOjI1 ocras.sajv He3HaTHe

apXeO;\OlIIKe 'rparone. L\aBHY 3I1/laHY

KOHCTpyKIJ11jy npeacran.eaxn cy 6e­

AeM11 xernjcxor .xoropa, Oil KOj11X cy,

11 rrope/l CBI1X pyweI-ba, Ca'-lyBaH11

3HaTH11 oCTaIJI1. To je '-lI1I-beH11IJa xoja

je npecy.mo YTI1IJaAa 11 na npBe rro­

xyuiaje /la ce TparOB11 aHTI1'-lKOr Hac­

;\el]a npeaeirryjy 11 y'-l11He /lOcTyrrH11M

caspestenosr rpaljannay. TIp11Ka3aH11

/leAOB11 epOpT11ep11KaIJI1ja, xao WTO

CMO nanpezt B11/leAI1, npeztcrae.eajy

ycnexe noxyuraje y TOM CM11CAY. Pe­

weI-be Koje je OCTBapeHO y rrO/l3eM­

HOM rrpocTopy, O"lHOCHO "P11MCKOj

/lBOpaHI1" 0I16;\I10TeKe rpa/la oeo­

rpa/la, CI1rypHo ce I13/lBaja Kao je/laH

Oil Haj60Jb11X MO/le/\a Ka/la je pe'-l 0

yKAarraIby aHT11'-lK11X OCTaTaKa y

caBpeMeHe CTpyKType rpatla. C;\11'-lHO

peWeJbe, Kao lllTO je TO 11 3aM11W­

/beHO, MOr;\O 611 ce OCTBap11TI1 11 Ka/la

cy y rr11TaI-bY I1CKOrrI1He Ha KocaH­

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rrpaKT11'-lHO 3Ha'-l11 /la ce OBaKBOM rrpe­

3eHTaIJ11joM, y HaWI1M KAI1MaTCK11M

yCAOB11Ma, ry611 113BOpHI1 OCTaTaK, a

/la npn TOM OCHOBH11 IJI1Jb, yxxanaa,e

nacxelja y caspeneny ypfiauy CTpyK­

'rypy, ocraje nozt 3HaKOM mrran.a.

Crora HaM ce '-l11H11 /la jeznutor- onpas­

/laI-ba 11Ma npeaerrraunja apxeoxour­

K11X OCTaTaKa y rrOKp11BeH11M rrpoc­

TOp11Ma 11/\11, r /le je TO Moryne, eBeH­

TyaAH11M YKAarraI-beM y HOB0113rpa­

l]eHe CTpyKType. Mel]YT11M, TO H11CY

11 je/l11He MorynHOCTI1 /la ce HacAel]e

p11MCKe erroxe rrpI1Ka)Ke y rrpOCTOp11­

Ma caBpeMeHor rpa';la. Y MeCTO OCTa­

IJ11Ma aHT11'-lKe apXI1TeKType, HajcTa­

p11je pa3/l06/be yp6aHe 11CTOp11je oeo­

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rI1M apxeOAOWKI1M HaAa311Ma. Kao

rrpBI1 nOKywaj y TOM CMI1C\Y 3aM11W­

;beHO je 11a ce y eHTepI1jepy HOBe

42.116114,158-166.

43. I1:CL\o)K6a aHTl1'fKI1X CrrOMeHI1Ka y BeAI1KOM6apyTHO;\1 MaraIJI1HYrrOCTaBJbeHa je Kpaje;\1ce,laM4eCeTl1X r04l1Ha rrpela rrpojeKTy apx. M. TIa.UIlualllKor.

44. llocTaBKa 113Be4eHa 1992. r04l1He rrpeMa 3aMI1C\11 M. TIorrOBl1na.

23

CllO.\lEllI1"1KA bAI Irnu L\

rrOC;\OBHe srpazte renexca, y KHe3

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ce npocrop neura-nce 30He npoumpn

11 Ha 4eo nOMeHyTe YA11IJe npeMa

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n.e nperrrocras.seno noapyvje aHT11­

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'ropnor ypeljen.a MorAO 611 ce rrpeA­

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BeH11Ka KOj11 cy ce nexa.ia HaAa311A11

na epOPYMY. MO)K4a 611 xao najno.tec­

H11j11 321 ony CBPXY 6110 BeA11K11 r-icp­

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OCTAIJH AJITlJl1KOr C1IHrJ1L\YllY.\L\ Y YP!)AHO.\!JE3rpy CABPDIEHor rPA,/(A

3aK.lby'-lyjyn11 0130 paavarpan.eocraieno y yfieljen.y ('{a 11 rrope4 CB11X

OTe)KaBajyn11X OKOAHOCT11, nnax noc­

'roje MorynHOCT11 Aa ce y CpeA11WTy

caBpeMeHor Beorpa.ra 11CKa)Ky 'rparo­

1311 n.eronor /{yTor 'rpajaa.a. To je

rrocao KOj11 3aXTeBa craxny Capa4I-bY

apxeoxora, rrOCAeH11Ka na 3aWTl1Tl1

CrrO;\1eHWIKor nacxeha, yp6aH11CTa,

21.1\11 11 rpa.icxe yrrpaBe. 4pyTl1 I1pe­

cy /{Hl1 l.J:11Hl1Aag je 04HOC rpaljana

npcr-ra TparOB11Ma I1pOWAOCT11, WTO,

xa.ra cy y I111TalhY Beorpahann, He oc­

ran.sa MeCTa 0I1Tl1M113MY.

R e s u m e

Marko Popovic

TRACES OF ANCIENT SINGIDUNUM IN THE

URBAN NUCLEUS OF THE MODERN TOWN

I n this paper the author publishesthe state of exploration and preser­

vation of the remains of Roman Singi­dunum and discusses thetransformation of the terrain in the in­ner urban zone of Belgrade, from an­tiquity to the present (Plan n. Basedon the results of archeological excava­tion performed to date, he goes on topresent the basic topographical char­acteristics of the ancient city, identify­ing the four major phases. The oldestera, with its assumed earthworks andpalisade fortifications of the legion'scamp, ended in the second half of theII century AD. The period of the city'sgreatest rise, during the III and IVcentury, is reflected in the topograph­ical situation: the legion's camp andthe urban settlement with surround­ing necropoles spreading over thearea of the present day fortress of Bel­grade and Kalemegdan park (Plan II).The period which lasted between theGothic invasion of 378 and the finaldestruction of the city by the Huns in

24

441, marks the decline of the ancientcity and the withdrawal of the surviv­ing population into the defended en­closure of the castrum. The last phasein the life of Singidunum is tied to theshort-lived renewal of the city in theVI century.

Further on in the text, in a crit­ical review, the author lists examplesof presenting the remains of fortifica­tion walls of the castrum (PI. 1-3), theRoman baths in Students' Park (PI. 4),a building by the Faculty of Philoso­phy (PI. 5) as well as of the Singi­dunum necropolis (PI. 6 and 7).

Finally, the closing paragraphsare dedicated to the future presenta­tion of the heritage of antiquity withinthe modern urban nucleus of Bel­grade. The author points out that theexisting possibilities for such a featare very restricted and argues in favorof fitting the fragments of ancientstructures into the closed spaces ofnew buildings.