Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet http://ir4.rutgers.edu/Ornamental/ornamentalProjectInformationSheets.cfm

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Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 7/27/2015

Project Name: Insecticide Crop Safety – New Products

New Ongoing X Completed Duration if ongoing or completed: 2010-2015

Project Description: While it is fairly common for ornamental horticulture labels to allow the use of insecticides and miticides on crops generally, developing crop safety data is still critical to support these ‘open’ labels. Many labels list the tested crops along with the plant type as well as any crops that might be injured after application. From 2010 through 2013, IR-4 has tested several new insecticides for thrips management to verify and expand the screened crops.

Research Project Abstract (if available): Abstract from 2015 Pyrifluquinazon Crop Safety Summary Pyrifluquinazon was registered for use on greenhouse ornamental horticulture crops as foliar sprays in the United States in 2013 to manage whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, chilli thrips, and mealybugs. The label contains a list of crops tested for tolerance. From 2010 to 2014, the IR-4 Project conducted 92 trials on 24 ornamental plant species examining phytotoxicity related to pyrifluquinazon applications. No tested crops exhibited significant injury or growth reduction during these experiments. It is recommended that Bacopa sp. be added to the list of tolerant crops. Abstract from 2015 Spirotetramat Crop Safety Summary Spirotetramat was registered as Kontos for use on ornamentals applied foliar or drench in the United States in 2008. The label recommends use on ornamental horticulture plants except a few species or genera specified in the label. From 2007 to 2013, the IR-4 Project conducted 225 trials on 49 ornamental plant species examining phytotoxicity related to Kontos applications. In these trials, only 6 crops (Begonia sp, Coleus x hybridus, Petunia sp., Pelargonium sp., Vinca sp., and Viola sp.) exhibited noticeable, significant injury and that was a slight height reduction, leaf curling, bleaching of flowers or plant death at the 2X and 4X rates applied as drench. One species (Verbena hybrida) exhibited significant flower discoloration at all rates applied as drench in one trial. Based on this information, it is recommended that the label prohibits drench application on Begonia sp., Coleus x hybridus, Petunia sp., Pelargonium sp., Verbena hybrida, Vinca sp., and Viola sp. The current label does not recommend use of Kontos on Pelargonium spp. Foliar application on these species may be recommended with the precautionary statements in the CROP TOLERANCE section of the current Kontos label. Abstract from 2013 Tolfenpyrad Crop Safety Summary Tolfenpyrad was first registered as Hachi-Hachi 15 EC in the United States on July 28, 2010 for the control of aphids, leafhoppers, scales, thrips, whiteflies, and early instar lepidopteran larvae on ornamental horticulture crops grown in greenhouses. An expansion of this label for outdoor uses is planned. The IR-4 Project completed 160 trials on 24 ornamental plant species from 2010 through 2014 examining phytotoxicity related to foliar applications of Hachi-Hachi 15EC or Hachi-Hachi SC. In this report, 11 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar treatments of Hachi-Hachi 15EC (tolfenpyrad) at 21, 48 and 84 fl oz per 100 gal. All can be added to the label as crops tested for tolerance: (Alyssum sp., Angelonia sp., Antirhinnum sp., Begonia sp., Chrysanthemum/Dendranthemum sp., Dahlia sp., Petunia sp,. Tagetes sp., Verbena sp., Viola sp. and Zinnia sp.). For Hachi-Hachi SC, 12 crops can be listed on the label as crops tested for tolerance (Alyssum sp., Angelonia sp., Antirhinnum sp., Bacopa sp., Begonia sp., Dahlia sp., Gerbera sp., Petunia sp., Tagetes sp., Verbena sp., Viola sp. and Zinnia sp.), and two crops should be included in listing of crops where treatments are not recommended: Impatiens sp. and Impatiens, New Guinea Hybrids. Please note: Hachi Hachi SC is the only formulation currently marketed for ornamental horticulture.

Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet http://ir4.rutgers.edu/Ornamental/ornamentalProjectInformationSheets.cfm

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Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 7/27/2015

Target Species (Phytotoxicity, or common and Latin name of arthropod, pathogen, weed): Crop Safety

Target Crops (list tested crops if ongoing or completed project) See “IR-4 Crop Safety to Date” below

Target Product(s) (list tested products or numbered compounds if ongoing or completed project) BAS 440 00i

BYI-2960 200SL Hachi Hachi EC

Hachi Hachi EC Kontos Rycar

Sultan Xxpire 40WDG

Product Registration and Research Status Registration Status Labeled & Commercialized Wide range of ornamental horticulture crops listed Kontos

Labeled & Commercialized Opportunity to add additional ornamental horticulture crops

Hachi Hachi SC* Rycar * Sultan

Xxpire 40WDG * Labeled But NOT Commercialized Not yet registered or labeled BAS 440 00i

BYI-2960 200 SL No longer available for development Hachi Hachi EC * * IR-4 Data contributed to registration decision – either adding pest to label or not pursuing further research

Other: This project arose from the Thrips Efficacy Project but has since become screening new active ingredients and newly registered insecticides and miticides.

Project Pros Project Cons 1 1

IR-4 Crop Safety Trials to Date Average rating on a scale of 1 – 5 with 1 = 0 to about no injury and 5 = severe injury and mortality; minimum to maximum rating; number of trials. A rating of 3 or higher is considered commercially unacceptable (red text). A rating of 1 or 2 is considered commercially acceptable and those with more than 3 trials are complete (green text). ‘Labeled’ indicates that IR-4 generated data in at least one trial and that this crop is listed on the label. For crop/product combinations that are blank, IR-4 has not screened this combination.

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Plant Group Crop

Hachi-Hachi EC

(Tolfenpyrad)

Hachi-Hachi SC

(Tolfenpyrad)

Kontos (BYI 8330 240SC)

(Spirotetramat)

Rycar (SP3009/NNI-

0101) (Pyrifluquinazon)

Sultan (Cyflumetofen)

Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/ Shrub

Jasmine, Cape, Common Gardenia (Gardenia sp.) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Broadleaf Evergreen/ Deciduous Tree/Shrub

Magnolia (Magnolia sp.) Labeled

Bulbs & Corms Dahlia (Dahlia sp.) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Lily (Lilium sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n6

Deciduous Tree/ Shrub/Vine

Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp.) Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Rose (Rosa sp.) Labeled Labeled Arrowwood (Viburnum sp.) Labeled

Hardy Ground Cover Foliage

Shrub Verbena (Lantana sp.) Labeled Periwinkle (Vinca sp.) Labeled

Herbaceous Flowering Plant

Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Flamingo-lily (Anthurium andraeanum) 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium densiflorum) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Mallow, Rose Mallow (Hibiscus sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 3.0 (3 - 3) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Orchid, Dancing Lady (Oncidium sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Sage, common (Salvia officinalis) Labeled Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Herbaceous Flowering Plant - Annual

Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 1.0 (1 - 1) n5 Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 Water Hyssop (Bacopa sp.) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 1.0 (1 - 1) n5 Begonia (Begonia sp.) 2.5 (2 - 3) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 Labeled Labeled Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) Labeled Fuschia, Ladies-Eardrops (Fuschia sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Transvaal Daisy (Gerbera sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Labeled Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 Labeled Balsam (Impatiens sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) Labeled MFG Hold Geranium, Zonal (Pelargonium x hortorum) MFG Hold Labeled Labeled Petunia (Petunia sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled Marigold (Tagetes sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled

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Plant Group Crop

Hachi-Hachi EC

(Tolfenpyrad)

Hachi-Hachi SC

(Tolfenpyrad)

Kontos (BYI 8330 240SC)

(Spirotetramat)

Rycar (SP3009/NNI-

0101) (Pyrifluquinazon)

Sultan (Cyflumetofen)

Wishbone Flower (Torenia sp.) Labeled Pansy (Viola sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) 1.1 (1 - 2) n7 1.0 (1 - 1) n6 Labeled Labeled

Herbaceous Flowering Plant - Perennial

Madwort (Alyssum sp.) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 1.7 (1 - 3) n3 Labeled 1.0 (1 - 1) n4 Rose Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 Chrysanthemum, Garden (Chrysanthemum/Dendranthema sp.) MFG Hold Labeled Labeled Labeled

Hardy Mum (Chrysanthemum/Dendranthema x morifolium) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Tickseed (Coreopsis sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) Labeled Pinks (Dianthus sp.) MFG Hold 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Labeled Vervain (Verbena sp.) Labeled Labeled Labeled Labeled

Palm Palm, Sentry (Howea forsteriana) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 Neoregalia sp. (Neoregalia sp.) 1.5 (1 - 2) n2 Large Lady Palm (Rhapis excelsa) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Tropical Foliage Plant

Croton, Variegated Laurel (Codiaeum variegatum) Labeled Coleus, Flamenettle (Coleus sp.) Labeled Dracaena deremensis (Dracaena deremensis) Labeled Dracaena marginata (Dracaena marginata) Labeled Dracaena (Dracaena sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1