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Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

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Page 1: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:
Page 2: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Organizational Culture Defined

The basic pattern of shared

assumptions, values, and beliefs

considered to be the correct way of

thinking about and acting on problemsthinking about and acting on problems

and opportunities facing the

organization.

Page 3: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Keeping Culture Alive

0 Selection

0 Concern with how well the candidates will fitinto the organization.

0 Provides information to candidates about theorganization.

0 Top Management0 Top Management

0 Senior executives help establish behavioralnorms that are adopted by the organization.

0 Socialization

0 The process that helps new employees adapt tothe organization’s culture.

Page 4: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Elements of Organizational Culture

Physical Structures

Language

Rituals and

Ceremonies

Artifacts ofOrganizationalCulture

Ceremonies

Stories and Legends

BeliefsBeliefs

ValuesValues

AssumptionsAssumptions

OrganizationalOrganizationalCultureCulture

Page 5: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Level of Corporate Culture

BasicAssumptions

Values

NormsNorms

Artifacts

Page 6: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Beberapa hal penting:

Budaya organisasi tidak terbentuk dengan sendirinya,melainkan mencerminkan masa lalu organisasi

Budaya organisasi memerlukan institusionalisasi: harus adaupaya sadar untuk melestarikan budaya tersebut

Manajemen perlu menciptakan program sosialisasi agarsetiap anggota memahami sejarah, tradisi, kebiasaan, ritual,simbol, gaya organisasi

Page 7: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

The Cultural and Economic Contexts ofInternational OD Practice

CULTURAL FITLow WITH OD VALUES High

Moderate

South pacific India

EC

ON

OM

IC

DEV

ELO

PM

EN

T

High

South AmericaMiddle east

South Africa

Central AmericaEastern Europe

Asia

UK Scandinavia

USA

LEV

EL

OF

EC

ON

OM

IC

DEV

ELO

PM

EN

T

Page 8: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

WORLDWIDE STRATEGIC ORIENTATION:The Integration- Responsiveness Framework

NEED FOR LOCALLow RESPONSIVENESS High

High

GLOBALORIENTATION

TRANSNATIONALORIENTATION

NEED

FO

R

IN

TEG

RA

TIO

N

Low

INTERNATIONALORIENTATION

MULTINATIONALORIENTATION

NEED

FO

RG

LO

BA

LIN

TEG

RA

TIO

N

Page 9: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Characteristics and Interventions forWorldwide Strategic Orientation

Worldwidestrategicorientation

Strategy Structure InformationSystem

HumanResources

ODInterventions

International -Existingproducts-Goals ofincreasedforeignrevenues

Centralizedinternationaldivision

Loose Volunteer -Cross-culturaltrainingStrategicplanning

revenues

Global -Standardizedproducts-Goals ofefficiencythroughvolume

-Centralized ,balanced,andcoordinatedactivities-Globalproductdivision

Formal Ethnocentricselection

-Careerplanning-Roleclarification-Employeeinvolvement-Seniormanagementteam building-Conflictmanagement

Page 10: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Characteristics and Interventions forWorldwide Strategic Orientation

Worldwidestrategicorientation

Strategy Structure InformationSystem

HumanResources

ODInterventions

Multinational

Tailoredproducts-Goals oflocalresponsiveness through

Decentralizedoperations;centralizedplanningGlobalgeographic

Profitcenters

Regiocentricorpolycentricselection

-Intergrouprelations-Localmanagementteam building-Managementss through

specializationgeographicdivisions

-Managementdevelopment-RewardSystems-Strategicalliances

Transnational

-Tailoredproducts-Goals oflearning andresponsiveness throughintegration

-Centralized ,balanced, andcoordinatedactivities-Globalproductdivision

Formal Geocentricselection

-Extensiveselection androtation-Culturaldevelopment-IntergrouprelationsBuildingcorporatevision

Page 11: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

The third wave organization (Alvin Toffler)Karakteristik Gelombang kedua Gelombang ketiga

Organisasi Hirarki Jaringan

Luaran Pangsa pasar Penciptaan pasar

Fokus Institusi Individual

Gaya Terstruktur Luwes

Sumber kekuatan Stabilitas Perubahan

Struktur Kemandirian Interdependensi

Budaya Tradisi Kode genetikBudaya Tradisi Kode genetik

Misi Tujuan/Rencana Strategis Identitas/Arahan dan Nilai

Kepemimpinan Dogmatik Inspirasional

Kualitas “Yang terbaik” Tidak ada kompromi

Harapan Keamanan Pertumbuhan pribadi

Sumber Daya Uang Informasi

Keunggulan Kesamaan yang lebih besar Perbedaan yang bermakna

Motivasi Penyelesaian tugas Membangun

Cakupan Multinasional Multilokal

Cara pandang Taktis Strategis

Page 12: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Budaya dan Strategi

Meningkatkan produktivitasdan keuntungan

Organisasi dengan budayakuat

dan keuntungan

Menubuhsuburkansemangat kebersamaan

Meningkatkan rasa memiliki

Page 13: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Power in Organizations

Departmental

•Place on

Individual

•Ability to intercede•Place oncommittees

•Number ofemployees

•Budget allocation

•Location of offices

•Ability to intercede

•Approval forspending

•Items on theagenda

•Access to top brass

Page 14: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Faces of politics

Negative

•Dominate others

•Tendency to view

Positive

• Include interest ofothers•Tendency to view

situations as win-lose

•Tactics of fighting

others

•Viewing situations inwin-win terms

•Open problemsolving

•Absence of tactics

Page 15: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Power tends to corrupt; Absolute powercorrupts absolutely (Lord Acton)

OD and Power-Politics:

OD values consistent withpositive face of power: trust,

openness, collaboration,individual dignity, promotingindividual, and organizational

competence.

Emphasis on powerequalization: increase power

among organizational member,the whole organization has

more power

Page 16: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

OD in Political Environment

Become a desired commodity personally and professionally

• High international competence

• Listening, communication, problem-solving, coaching, counseling skills,appreciating other

Make OD a desired commodity

• OD allows individuals and organizations to reach their goals

Make OD a valued commodity for multiple powerful people in theorganization

• Crates value for OD

• Increases power base and support

• Endorsement, support and protection of OD interventions

Create win-win situations

• Enhance stable, constructive social relationships

• Different way to handle conflict

Page 17: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

OD in Political Environment

Mind your own business (help others solvestheir major problems)

• Help on request

• Help the manager meet her/his goals

Mind your own business – be a process, not content, expert

Mind your own business and don’t invite political trouble

• OD practitioner’s role is that of facilitator, catalyst, problem-solver, educator

• Role is not power-broker or power activist

Page 18: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Trends Affecting OD PracticeTrad

itio

nal

Tren

ds Wealth is

becoming moreconcentrated

Economy is moreglobalized

Prag

mati

cTren

ds Workforce is

becoming older,more diverse,more educated

Shift towardcontingent

Sch

ola

rly

Tren

ds Emphasis on

values ofunderstanding,prediction, andcontrol

Search for

Trad

itio

nal

Tren

ds

Ideologies areshifting fromconsumption tocoexistence andecologicalsustainability

Prag

mati

cTren

ds

contingentemployment &change inpsychologicalcontract

No careers

Sch

ola

rly

Tren

ds

Search forvariables thatexplain changeand effectiveness

Page 19: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

Trends Affecting OD Practice

0Scholarly Trends0Emphasis on values ofunderstanding, prediction, andcontrol

Cummings & Worley, 8e(c)2005 Thomson/South-

Western23-19

control

0Search for variables that explainchange and effectiveness

Page 20: Organizational Culture Defined - Lina Miftahul Jannah · PDF fileOrganizational Culture Defined The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs ... OD and Power-Politics:

The Future of OD

0 More embedded in the organization’s culture

0 More technologically enabled

0 Shorter OD cycle times

0 More interdisciplinary

0 More diverse client organizations0 More diverse client organizations

0 More cross-cultural

0 Greater focus on ecological sustainability