Organic Vegetable

Management of Organic Vegetable Production

Head,

Department of Horticulture,

Dr.PDKV,Akola

Organic Vegetable Production

What is organic cultivation ?

Production System which avoids or largely exclude the use of synthetically compounded fertilizer, pesticides, growth regulators and toxic plastic.

Organic farming- Promote and Enhance

1) Agro Eco system

2) Maintain Biodiversity

3) Soil biological activity

4) Lead to quality production in sustainable manner

Prospects of organic Vegetable Cultivation

Sustainability in sol health.

Effective soil moisture conservation.

Improvement of quality and shelf life of produce.

Effective land use through utilizing interspaces of cover cropping and green manuaring.

Reduces environmental Hazards and improved public healthy.

Increased farm income through export earning and tapping the elite domestic market.

Rural employment generation.

Major Issues of Organic Production of Vegetable Crop

1) Par excellence produce quality

2) Yield equal or better than cultivational system

3)Organic Input generation at the farm village

4) Eco-friendly and cost effective thechnology

5) Continues improvement in soil fertility.

Componants organic Vegetable Cultivation

Nutrient management

a) Green manuaring:- In addition of nutrients also increases water holding capacity of soil and population of beneficial microorganism. Ex.Dhaincha, Sunhemp,

b) Compost:- Traditional sourse of nutrient management.Special merit is; supply all essential micro nutrients.

c) Vermicompost:-Involves the use of earhwarms as natural bioreactor for effective recycling of non toxic organic wastes of soil.

d) Vermi-wash :- Prepared from the heavy population of earthwarms reared in earthen pots or plastic drum.Extract contain major micro nutrients, gibberellins and Vit. B12. Used for spraying on crop for better growth, yield and quality.

Cont….

e) Biofertilizers:-

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

i) Rhizoboum- for leguminous crops

ii) Azatobactor and Azospirillum- for non leguminous crop.

iii) Phosphate solubilising bacteria(PSB)- Have ability in making unavailable soil phosphorus in to available form.

f) Biological pest management:- Use of biologically originated non toxic and biofriendly pesticides.

g) Non-chemical weed control measures.

h) Use of Resistant varieties.

Organic Farming System

1) Bio-dynamic System:

2) Rishi- Krishi:- Practiced more in Maharastra & MP

Rhizospeare soil beneath Banyan tree are spread over the area to improve the biological activity.

3) Natural Farming:- It consist of treatment of seed/planting materialbefore sowing / transplanting with Bijamrita and frequent use of jiwamrita- biofrmulation through irrigation.

Bijamrita- is prepared by incubating cowdung and urine along with virgin soil and lime water is added

5) Natueco farming :-

It fallows the principals of eco system networking in farming system approach.

Three relevant aspect of Natueco farming are.

a) Soil – Amrit mati( Furmantrd with cowdung & urine)

b) Root – Fibrous root zone , effective absorption of nutrients.

c) Canopy- Proper canopy management for effective photosynthesis.

6) Homa organic farming :-

It came from Vedas.

Agnihotra is the basic fire in Homa therapy.

It is the process of purification of the atmosphere through agency of fire.

It provides nutrients for survival, yield and quality production

Ingredients:- cowdung, ghee, and rice

7) Jaivic Krishi. Can be adopted in organic production of vegetables.

Nutrient management for organic Vegetable Cultivation

Application of organic manures(30-40 tons/ ha) through NADEP, vermicompost or microbe mediated compost.

Growing of legumes for green manuaring or as inter crops.

Mulching after application of 100g CPP spray, and release of earthworm in the presence of proper moisture

Need based foliar spraying of liquid manures/vermiwash.

Pest and disease management in organic Vegetable Cultivation

Sprying of organic pesticides prepared from cow urine, neem,karanj, Caliotropis, castor or custard apple.

Spraying of casuarinas extract for control of fungal diseases.

Spraying of fresh cowdung for control of bacterial diseases.

ITK Practices in organic vegetable production

1) Panchagaviya:

It is used for spraying on vegetable in Tamilnadu.

The Panchakaviya contains Cow dung, cow urine, cow milk, cow curd and cow ghee in equal proportion.

This mixture is spraying at 15 to 20 days interval @ 5% to 10% without applying any inorganic fertilizer. The vegetable remains in disease free, good quality and taste.


2) Jivamrute:The Jivamrute contains

Cow dung – 60 kgCow urine – 10 lit.Black juggary – 2 kgGram floor – 2 kgWater – 200 lit.

This mixture keeps for fermentation for 7 days.

After that it mixed with irrigation water which will sufficient for one acre.

After applying this there is no need to apply any other chemical fertilizer and

yield is same that obtained from the application of chemical fertilizer.


3) Dashparni :- Used for control of all type of pest-Take 100 liter of water- Add fresh leaves’ crush of following plants

Plant Name Quantity(Kg)1) Kadu Nimb (Azadtracta indica)- 52) Papaya 23) Karanj 24) Sitafal 25) Jatropha 26) Kanher 27) Dhatura (White) 28) Rui (Calotrophis) 29) Nirgudi / Gulwel 210) Ghaneri (Lantena camera) 2

- Add 5kg cowdung & urine each- Add 2 kg hot green chilli crush & 250gm garlic crush- Incubate for 30 days with daily stirring steering - Use @250 ml in 10 lit. of water for spraying


4) Use of Babul leaves to control blight in tomato, potato

- Crush 1 kg leaves of babul- Add 2 lit. water- Boil up to water quantity become half- Mix this in 100 lit water- Use for spraying

Table 1. Botanical pesticides traditionally used for pest control in vegetable crops

PesticidePesticide Main SourceMain SourceNeemNeem Azadirachta indicaAzadirachta indica A. Juss A. Juss

DharekDharek Melia azedarachMelia azedarach L. L.

PyrethrumPyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefoliumChrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Treviranus) (Treviranus)

RetenoneRetenone Derris ellipticaDerris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth., (Roxb.) Benth., Lonchocarpus nicouLonchocarpus nicou (Aubl.) DC, (Aubl.) DC,Tephrosia vogeliiTephrosia vogelii Hook f., Hook f., Amorpha Amorpha

fruticosafruticosa NicotineNicotine Nicotina tabacumNicotina tabacum Linnaeus, Linnaeus, N. rusticaN. rustica

Linnaeus, Linnaeus, N. glaucaN. glauca

Table 1. Botanical pesticides traditionally used for pest control in vegetable crops

PesticidePesticide Main SourceMain SourceNeemNeem Azadirachta indicaAzadirachta indica A. Juss A. Juss

DharekDharek Melia azedarachMelia azedarach L. L.

PyrethrumPyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefoliumChrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Treviranus) (Treviranus)

RetenoneRetenone Derris ellipticaDerris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth., (Roxb.) Benth., Lonchocarpus nicouLonchocarpus nicou (Aubl.) DC, (Aubl.) DC,Tephrosia vogeliiTephrosia vogelii Hook f., Hook f., Amorpha Amorpha

fruticosafruticosa NicotineNicotine Nicotina tabacumNicotina tabacum Linnaeus, Linnaeus, N. rusticaN. rustica

Linnaeus, Linnaeus, N. glaucaN. glauca

Componants organic Vegetable Cultivation

Nutrient management

a) Green manuaring:- In addition of nutrients also increases water holding capacity of soil and population of beneficial microorganism. Ex.Dhaincha, Sunhemp,

b) Compost:- Traditional sourse of nutrient management.Special merit is; supply all essential micro nutrients.

c) Vermicompost:-Involves the use of earhwarms as natural bioreactor for effective recycling of non toxic organic wastes of soil.

d) Vermi-wash :- Prepared from the heavy population of earthworms reared in earthen pots or plastic drum.Extract contain major micro nutrients, gibberellins and Vit. B12. Used for spraying on crop for better growth, yield and quality.

Cont….

e) Biofertilizers:-

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

i) Rhizoboum- for leguminous crops

ii) Azatobactor and Azospirillum- for non leguminous crop.

iii) Phosphate solubilising bacteria(PSB)- Have ability in making unavailable soil phosphorus in to available form.

f) Biological pest management:- Use of biologically originated non toxic and biofriendly pesticides.

g) Non-chemical weed control measures.

h) Use of Resistant varieties.

Resistant varieties as component in organic farming

Table 1. Disease resistant/tolerant varieties of vegetable.Crop/Disease Crop/Disease NematodeNematodeTomato Tomato i)Bacterial wilti)Bacterial wilt

ii) Leaf curl virusii) Leaf curl virus

iii) iii) FusariumFusarium wilt wilt

Arka Alok, Arka Abha, Utkal DeeptiArka Alok, Arka Abha, Utkal Deepti

Hissar Anmol (H-24), H-36Hissar Anmol (H-24), H-36

Pant BaharPant Bahar

Brinjal Brinjal i)Bacterial wilti)Bacterial wilt

ii)Phomopsis rotii)Phomopsis rot

Arka Keshav,Arka Nidhi and Arka NilkanthArka Keshav,Arka Nidhi and Arka Nilkanth

Pusa BhairavPusa Bhairav

Okra Okra i) YVMi) YVM Arka abhay, Arka Anamika, Varsha UpaharArka abhay, Arka Anamika, Varsha Upahar

Onoin Onoin i) Purple blotchi) Purple blotch

Brown RotBrown RotArka Kalyan,IHR-56-1, Pusa RedArka Kalyan,IHR-56-1, Pusa Red

Poona Red, Bellari Red, Poona Red, Bellari Red,

Chilli Chilli i) Leaf curl virusi) Leaf curl virus

ii) Bacterial wiltii) Bacterial wilt

Pusa Jwala, Pusa Sadabahar, Pant C-1 Pusa Jwala, Pusa Sadabahar, Pant C-1

Utkal Rashmi, AAUM-1, AAUM-2.Utkal Rashmi, AAUM-1, AAUM-2.

Capsicum Capsicum i) Bacterial wilti) Bacterial wilt Arka GauravArka Gaurav

Peas Peas i) Powdery mildewi) Powdery mildew PRS-4, JP-4,Arka Ajit, Pant-5, HPF-4PRS-4, JP-4,Arka Ajit, Pant-5, HPF-4

Watermelon Watermelon i) Powdery i) Powdery mildew & Anthracnosemildew & Anthracnose

Arka ManikArka Manik

Resistant varieties as component in organic farming

Table 1. Insect pest resistant/tolerant varieties of vegetable.

Crop/PestCrop/Pest NematodeNematodeTomato Tomato i)Fruit Boreri)Fruit Borer

ii) Root knot nematodesii) Root knot nematodes

iii) White fly, Aphidiii) White fly, Aphid

Pusa UpaharPusa Upahar

Pusa-120, Hissar LalitPusa-120, Hissar Lalit

Punjab ChamkiliPunjab Chamkili

Cabbage Cabbage i) Cbbage butter i) Cbbage butter flyfly

Green acre and Red Rock MammonthGreen acre and Red Rock Mammonth

Okra Okra i) Jassidi) Jassid

ii) Shoot & fruit borerii) Shoot & fruit borer

Sel.2-2, Siswal Local, Lucknow Special.Sel.2-2, Siswal Local, Lucknow Special.

Pusa A-4, Red BhindiPusa A-4, Red Bhindi

Onoin Onoin i) Thripsi) Thrips Pusa Ratnar, Kakynpur Red RoundPusa Ratnar, Kakynpur Red Round

Udaypur-103, Safed Gol.Udaypur-103, Safed Gol.

Chilli Chilli i) Thripsi) Thrips

ii) Mites and Aphidii) Mites and Aphid

NP 46A, Pusa Jwala, Pant C-1 NP 46A, Pusa Jwala, Pant C-1

Klyanpur Red, LEC-1, Punjab Lal, Pant C-1.Klyanpur Red, LEC-1, Punjab Lal, Pant C-1.

Capsicum Capsicum i) White flyi) White fly California wonder, Yellow wonderCalifornia wonder, Yellow wonder

Advantages of organic vegetable production:

Improve tilth, condition and structure of soil.

Improve the ability of soil to hold water

Improve the ability of soil to hold nutrient

Improves "buffering" capacity of soil; that is keeps soil from "over reacting“

Supports the soil's microbiological activity.

Helps vegetable survive stress, as from nematodes.

Vegetable produced by organic manure possess good firmness and have long storage life.

It also prevent infestation of the harmful pathogens like Fusarium and Rhizoctonia in vegetable crop.

Recent advances in Organic Vegetable Production

onionWarade et al. (1995) in their studies on yield of onion

bulbs cv. B-750' revealed that the increase in the onion yield can be obtained by

FYM @ 40 t/ha along with mineral fertilizer @ 75 : 50 : 50 NPK kg-1 and inoculation with A. brasilence there by saving 25% nitrogen.

Organic cultivation in Organic cultivation in tomato tomato

(F(F11 cv. Phule Raja) cv. Phule Raja) Season – Season – RabiRabi (Nov-April) (Nov-April)Sr. Sr.

No.No.TreatmentTreatment Yield (q/ha)Yield (q/ha) B:C B:C

ratioratioPest and disease Pest and disease

incidenceincidence

Fruit Fruit borer borer (%)(%)

Late Late blight blight

(%)(%)

SWV (%)SWV (%)

Total Total MarketaMarketableble

11 FYM (50% N) + FYM (50% N) +

Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake

(50% N)(50% N)

748.37748.37 718.37718.37 2.002.00 3.203.20 7.507.50 3.403.40

22 RDF (300:150:150) RDF (300:150:150)

without FYM without FYM

743.60743.60 718.66718.66 3.633.63 4.014.01 8.118.11 3.363.36Note : 2nd year – Permanent sight experiment.

Treatment 1. FYM (50% N) + Cotton seed cake (50% N) + Vermiphos (P) + SOP (K)

(30 t/ha) (2.34 t/ha) (0.5 t/ha) (0.1 t/ha)

2. RDF (300:150:150) without FYM

Package : Neem cake 200 kg/ha + T. viride 4 g/kg + Azospirillum 200 g/10 lit. + PSB 200 g/10 lit.

Plant protection : NSKE 4%, HaNPV 1 ml/litre, Bt 1 g/litre

(M. Sc. Thesis, 2005)

Organic farming with FYM

Organic Farming in Tomato Organic Farming in Tomato for processing for processing (cv. (cv.

Dhanashree)Dhanashree)

TreatmentTreatment KharifKharif 06 06 RabiRabi 06-07 06-07

FruitFruityield yield (t/ha)(t/ha)

Marketable Marketable yieldyield(%)(%)

FruitFruityieldyield (t/ha)(t/ha)

MarketableMarketable yieldyield(%)(%)

FYM (60T/ha) + BFFYM (60T/ha) + BF 25.0325.03 84.5084.50 36.5536.55 94.80 94.80

V.C ( 20t/ha ) + BFV.C ( 20t/ha ) + BF 23.1023.10 82.6082.60 42.0642.06 96.1796.17

N.C (6 t/ha)+ BFN.C (6 t/ha)+ BF 20.2620.26 79.5279.52 23.9323.93 94.3294.32

RDF + FYM (20t/ha)RDF + FYM (20t/ha) 26.6226.62 89.0789.07 53.8153.81 96.8296.82

RDF aloneRDF alone 23.1023.10 89.0089.00 39.5939.59 95.2395.23

RDF : Recommended Dose of fertilizer (200:100:100)BF : Bio-fertilizers i.e. Azosperillum + PSB + AzotobacterPackage : For organic plant protection included 4% NSKE, HaNPV,

Bt, Verticillium, Trichoderma

T6

T9

Organic cultivation of cucumber Organic cultivation of cucumber (var. Himangi) (var. Himangi)

Season – Season – KharifKharif and summer and summerSr. Sr. No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield (q/ha)Yield (q/ha) B:C ratioB:C ratio

Summer Summer KharifKharif SummerSummer KharifKharif

11 FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure

(75% N)(75% N)

186.13 186.13

(+20.20%)(+20.20%)

166.93 166.93

(+24.58%)(+24.58%)

1.491.49 1.221.22

22 Cotton seed cake (25% N) + Cotton seed cake (25% N) +

Poultry manure (75% N)Poultry manure (75% N)

191.00 191.00

(+23.44%)(+23.44%)

173.53 173.53

(+30.01%)(+30.01%)

1.561.56 1.321.32

33 Control (RDF + FYM 20 t/ha)Control (RDF + FYM 20 t/ha) 154.73154.73 134.40134.40 1.541.54 1.191.19

Note : Green mannuring with Dhaincha.Treatment 1. FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure (75% N) + Vermiphos (P) + SOP (K)

(5 t/ha) (2.6 t/ha) (0.5 t/ha) (0.1 t/ha)

2. Cotton seed cake (25% N) + Poultry manure (75% N) + Vermiphos + SOP

(0.64 t/ha) (2.6 t/ha) (0.5 t/ha) (0.1 t/ha)

3. Control RDF (100:50:50) + FYM (20 t/ha)

Package : Neem cake 200 kg/ha + T. viride 4 g/kg + Azotobacter 200 g/10 kg + Azospirillum 200 g/10 kg + PSB 200 g/10 kg

Plant protection : NSKE 4%


►CucumberCucumber

Combined application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum, Combined application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria and VAM) and organic manure (FYM) in Phosphobacteria and VAM) and organic manure (FYM) in cucumber had a beneficial effect on growth, reproductive cucumber had a beneficial effect on growth, reproductive

behaviours and yield of marketable producebehaviours and yield of marketable produce. .

The dose- is FYM 30 t/ha + The dose- is FYM 30 t/ha + Azospirillum at 2 kg/ha as soil Azospirillum at 2 kg/ha as soil

application + application + phosphobacteria at phosphobacteria at 2 kg/ha as soil 2 kg/ha as soil application application in the mainfield in the mainfield

Nirmala and Vadivel Nirmala and Vadivel (1999) (1999)

Sr. Sr. No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield Yield (q/ha) (q/ha)

B:C ratioB:C ratio

11 FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure

(75% N)(75% N)

250.20 250.20

(+7.75%)(+7.75%)

1.831.83

22 Neem cake (25% N) + Poultry Neem cake (25% N) + Poultry

manure (75% N)manure (75% N)

263.33 263.33

(+13.40%)(+13.40%)

1.981.98

33 Control (RDF + FYM 20 t/ha)Control (RDF + FYM 20 t/ha) 232.20 232.20 1.991.99Note : Green mannuring with Dhaincha.

Treatment 1. FYM (25% N) + Poultry manure (75% N) + Vermicompost (P) + SOP (K)

(3 t/ha) (2.47 t/ha) (0.5 t/ha) (0.1 t/ha)

2. Neem cake (25% N) + Poultry manure (75% N) + Vermicompost + SOP

(0.7 t/ha) (2.47 t/ha) (0.5 t/ha) (0.1 t/ha)

3. Control RDF (100:50:50) + FYM (20 t/ha)

Package : Neem cake 200 kg/ha + T. viride 4 g/kg + Azotobacter 200 g/10 kg + Azospirillum 200 g/10 kg + PSB 200 g/10 kg

+ FYM 20 t/ha

Plant protection : NSKE 4%


Organic cultivation of bitter gourdOrganic cultivation of bitter gourd (var. Phule Green Gold), (var. Phule Green Gold),

Season : (August-Feb.) Season : (August-Feb.)

Sr. Sr. No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield Yield (q/ha) (q/ha)

No. of DBM No. of DBM larvae larvae

11 Inorganic (RDF without FYM) Inorganic (RDF without FYM) (160:80:80 NPK kg/ha with (160:80:80 NPK kg/ha with trap crop - mustard)trap crop - mustard)

329.82 329.82 4.004.00

22 Organic package*Organic package* 297.68 297.68 (-(-

9.74%)9.74%)

2.602.60

33 Recommended as STCR with trap Recommended as STCR with trap cropcrop

346.42 346.42 (5.03%) (5.03%)

4.134.13

* Package : FYM @ 20 t/ha + Neem cake 250 kg/ha + T. viride 6.20 kg/ha + Azospirillum 250 g/10 lit. +

PSB 250 g/10 lit. + NSKE 4% + HaNPV @ 10 ml/10 lit. + Bt @ 10 ml/10 lit. +

Trichoderma @ 50 g/10 lit. + Trap crop


Organic cultivation of Organic cultivation of cabbagecabbage (var. Golden (var. Golden

Acre), Season : RabiAcre), Season : Rabi

Sr. Sr.

No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield Yield

(t/ha)(t/ha)

No. of No. of

thrips/ thrips/

plantplant

Per cent Per cent

Disease Disease

IntensityIntensity

11 GRDF (100:50:50 kg NPK + 20 t GRDF (100:50:50 kg NPK + 20 t

FYM/ha i.e. (200:180:226) + FYM/ha i.e. (200:180:226) +

chemical spraychemical spray

30.2530.25 6.1476.147 22.0922.09

22 FYM 20 t/ha + NC 1 t/ha + CSC FYM 20 t/ha + NC 1 t/ha + CSC

0.8 t/ha (201:162:211) + NSKE 0.8 t/ha (201:162:211) + NSKE

4% + 4% + TrichodermaTrichoderma 0.5% 0.5%

29.8229.82 29.9229.92 35.1535.15

33 FYM 30 t/ha + NC 1 t/ha + CSC FYM 30 t/ha + NC 1 t/ha + CSC

0.8 t/ha (251:227:299) + NSKE 4% 0.8 t/ha (251:227:299) + NSKE 4%

+ + TrichodermaTrichoderma 0.5% 0.5%

31.8831.88 30.0430.04 36.2936.29

Organic cultivation of Organic cultivation of OnionOnion (var. N-2-(var. N-2-

4-1), Season : 4-1), Season : RabiRabi 2005 2005

CC, MPKV, Rahuri

Sr. Sr. No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield Yield

(t/ha)(t/ha)

No. of No. of thrips/ thrips/ plantplant

Per cent Per cent Disease Disease IntensityIntensity

11 FYM 20 t/ha + 100% RDF + FYM 20 t/ha + 100% RDF +

Biofertilizers + Chemical sprayBiofertilizers + Chemical spray

35.9635.96 17.0517.05 11.4811.48

22 FYM 20 t/ha + 100% N through FYM 20 t/ha + 100% N through

organic cakes + Biofertilizers + organic cakes + Biofertilizers +

NSKE 4%NSKE 4%

28.0028.00 60.3260.32 57.5357.53

33 FYM 20 t/ha + 75% N through FYM 20 t/ha + 75% N through

Vermicomost + 25% N through CSC Vermicomost + 25% N through CSC

+ NC + Biofertilizers + NSKE 4%+ NC + Biofertilizers + NSKE 4%

29.0029.00 57.5757.57 52.9952.99

44 FYM 20 t/ha + Bija + Amrut + NSKE FYM 20 t/ha + Bija + Amrut + NSKE

4%4%

28.0228.02 77.5777.57 57.6257.62

55 FYM 20 t/ha + Bija + Jeeva + NSKE FYM 20 t/ha + Bija + Jeeva + NSKE

4%4%

26.2526.25 77.5777.57 59.1459.14

Organic cultivation of Organic cultivation of OnionOnion (var. N-2-4-(var. N-2-4-

1), Season : 1), Season : RabiRabi 2006 2006

CC, MPKV, Rahuri

Sr. Sr. No.No.

TreatmentTreatment Yield of marketable Yield of marketable bulbs (q/ha)bulbs (q/ha)

C:B C:B ratioratio

11 BP sheet mulchBP sheet mulch 28.48 28.48

(+39.67%)(+39.67%)

1.571.57

22 WP sheet mulchWP sheet mulch 23.96 23.96

(+17.51%) (+17.51%)

1.661.66

33 Wheat strawWheat straw 26.65 26.65

(+15.98%) (+15.98%)

5.095.09

44 Sugarcane trashSugarcane trash 28.69 28.69

(+40.70%) (+40.70%)

6.636.63

55 ControlControl 20.3920.39 4.214.21

Effect of mulches on Effect of mulches on OnionOnion (Phule (Phule

Samarth), Season : Samarth), Season : KharifKharif 2005 2005

CC, MPKV, Rahuri

Control

Wheat straw

Sugarcane trash

Black polyethene mulch

White polyethene mulch

ChilliChilli► Hangrge Hangrge et al. et al. (2002) reported the highest (2002) reported the highest

yield of green chilli yield of green chilli

►The dose is- vermicompost coir pith The dose is- vermicompost coir pith compost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + compost @ 2.5 t ha-1 +

organic booster @ 1 lit m-2 recorded organic booster @ 1 lit m-2 recorded highest green fruit chilli yield. highest green fruit chilli yield.

Garden pea:Garden pea:

"Effect of Azotobacter and rhizobium treatment "Effect of Azotobacter and rhizobium treatment on growth, yield and quality of garden pea". on growth, yield and quality of garden pea".

The heighest yield was obtained due to The heighest yield was obtained due to combined culture treatment of Az. + Rh. combined culture treatment of Az. + Rh.

Choudhary Choudhary et al. et al. (1982) (1982)

FUTURE THRUSTFUTURE THRUST IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMINGIN ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING

► More premium pricesMore premium prices : Perishable nature, : Perishable nature, higher cost on nutrition & plant protection, higher cost on nutrition & plant protection, initial yield graps .initial yield graps .

► To To promote processingpromote processing of organic of organic vegetables : Export potential.vegetables : Export potential.

► Highly potential vegetable cropsHighly potential vegetable crops : Turmeric, : Turmeric, ginger, onion and garlic ginger, onion and garlic (spices),(spices), colocasia, colocasia, drumsticks.drumsticks.

► To strengthen research on To strengthen research on disease disease management.management.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

► Conversion of RDF in organic formConversion of RDF in organic form

noticed beneficial to maintain yield noticed beneficial to maintain yield

levels in vegetable crops.levels in vegetable crops.

► Use of Use of mulch, biofertilizersmulch, biofertilizers and and

biopesticides biopesticides found effective in organic found effective in organic

vegetable farming.vegetable farming.

► The The seasonal effectseasonal effect observed observed

promising to lower down disease & promising to lower down disease &

pest incidence.pest incidence.

Promotion of organic farmingThrough

1)Training programme

2)Field demonstrations

3) Setting up model organic farm & market development

4)OFT on recommended technologies

Financial assistance under NHM is provided for

1)Setting up Vermi compost unit

2)Organic farming certification

Good agricultural practices (GAP)

3)Organic cultivation for vegetable crops viz,. Brinjal, garlic, onion,potato, tomato

FUTURE THRUST FUTURE THRUST IN ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMINGIN ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING

► More premium pricesMore premium prices : Perishable nature, : Perishable nature, higher cost on nutrition & plant protection, higher cost on nutrition & plant protection, initial yield graps .initial yield graps .

► To To promote processingpromote processing of organic of organic vegetables : Export potential.vegetables : Export potential.

► Highly potential vegetable cropsHighly potential vegetable crops : Turmeric, : Turmeric, ginger, onion and garlic ginger, onion and garlic (spices),(spices), colocasia, colocasia, drumsticks.drumsticks.

► To strengthen research on To strengthen research on disease disease management.management.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

► Conversion of RDF in organic formConversion of RDF in organic form

noticed beneficial to maintain yield noticed beneficial to maintain yield

levels in vegetable crops.levels in vegetable crops.

► Use of Use of mulch, biofertilizersmulch, biofertilizers and and

biopesticidesbiopesticides found effective in organic found effective in organic

vegetable farming.vegetable farming.

► The The seasonal effectseasonal effect observed observed

promising to lower down disease & promising to lower down disease &

pest incidence.pest incidence.

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Organic Vegetable