Oracle Linux Installation With Oracle VM Manager

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About the AuthorThe author of the Oracle Cloud Cookbook is none other than the owner of Mokum Solutions, Inc., Roddy Rodstein. Roddy is one of the most respected Oracle Cloud Computing experts, having designed and managed many of the worlds largest and most complex Oracle private clouds. Before establishing Mokum in March 2011, Roddy spent three years at Oracle on the Oracle VMand Oracle Linux team designing and supporting Oracle's largest and most complex customer environments. Before Oracle, Roddy spent six years at Citrix,designing and supporting Citrix's largest and most complex customer environments,Including Oracle's. With Mr. Rodsteins rich background and knowledge, there can be no better resource for revealing the Oracle Cloud recipe.

AudienceThe Oracle Cloud Cookbook is a comprehensive, field tested reference design thatguides you through each step to move to your Oracle software portfolio to an elasticOracle cloud using the Oracle VM product line, Oracle Linux, Oracle Engineered Systems managed by Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c, with total control over Oracle processor licensing.

Mokum is the only full-time Oracle virtualization integrator with the expertise to help you virtualize your Production, Test and DR Oracle workloads.

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Last update: 01/19/13This document applies to Oracle VM 3.x.Table of ContentsOracle Linux Installation Options with Oracle VM ManagerOracle Linux HVM and PVM Installation PrerequisitesHow to Download the Oracle Linux Installation MediaVirtual Machine Installation Prerequisite - Virtual NICsOracle Linux HVM Installation Prerequisite - Import the Oracle Linux DVD ISO FileOracle Linux PVM Installation Prerequisite - Stage the Install Tree on a Web Server...Install and congure Apache using the Oracle Public Repository...Install and congure Apache using the Unbreakable Linux Network...Stage the Oracle Linux Install Tree on ApacheCreate a PVM Oracle Linux Virtual MachineOracle Linux 6 HVM Installation using Graphical (GUI) ModeOracle Linux 6 HVM Installation using Text ModeLinux Patch Management with Free Updates and Errata from OracleChange LogRevision Change Description Updated By Date1.0 First Release Roddy Rodstein 10/10/111.1 Linux Patch Management with Free Updates and Errata from Oracle Roddy Rodstein 04/29/121.2 HVM & PVM Installation Updates Roddy Rodstein 10/13/121.3 Content Refresh Roddy Rodstein 01/19/13

Oracle Linux Installation Options with Oracle VM ManagerThere are two unique installation options for Oracle Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Linux with Oracle VMManager. Linux can be installed using paravirtualization mode (Xen PVM) and /or hardware virtualization mode(Xen HVM). Xen PVM and Xen HVM installations have slightly dierent prerequisites and installation options.For example, Xen PVM installations cannot boot from a DVD or from an ISO image, the installation tree must beavailable on a Web server to boot a Xen PVM installation. Xen HVM installations can boot from an ISO image, aslong as the ISO image has been imported using Oracle VM Manager. Both Xen PVM and Xen HVM can boot fromthe network.Xen PVM and Xen HVM use very dierent techniques to provide resources to virtual machines. For example,Xen HVM uses Intel or AMD virtualization technologies for memory management and to emulate the bootenvironment. Xen HVM also uses QEMU in dom0 for device emulation. Xen PVM leverages the guest operatingsystem's Xen kernel for the boot process using the pygrub bootloader, Xen for memory management, and dom0for device support, without emulation. Xen PVM virtual machines are hypervisor aware and run without theoverhead of hardware emulation. Xen HVM virtual machines think they are running on native hardware, when infact they are running on emulated hardware. Xen PVM requires much less overhead for timers, interrupts, I/Otrac, and context switches, allowing superior scalability under heavy loads when compared to Xen HVM.Oracle VM Servers can support both Xen PVM and Xen HVM virtual machines simultaneously on a single x86_64server that has either Intel or AMD virtualization technologies. Intel or AMD virtualization are a requirementonly for Xen HVM virtual machines, not for Xen PVM virtual machines. Intel and AMD virtualizationtechnologies are enabled, managed and tuned using the system BIOS.The only way to determine which virtualization mode will provide the best performance for your environment isto benchmark the same workload using a Xen PVM and a Xen HVM virtual machine. If you do not have the timeor expertise to conduct the benchmarks, consider only using Xen PVM for your virtual machines. Over the yearsI have seen Xen PVM outperform Xen HVM in every benchmark.

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Note: Starting with the 2.6.32 Linux kernel (Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and Red Hat compatable Kernel),Linux can boot on bare metal, in Xen HVM mode, and in Xen PVM mode using paravirt_ops with the same Linuxkernel. In contrast to the 2.6.32 Linux kernel (OL 5U4-), the 2.6.18 Linux kernel can boot on bare metal and inXen HVM mode, and must use a Xen paravirtualized kernel for Xen PVM mode.The graphical and text installation programs and the installation steps are similar for all of the OracleLinux releases. The Oracle Linux installation media is freely available from the Oracle eDelivery Linux portal asa single DVD (single download) for Oracle Linux 4, 5 and 6.Note:The GUI installation of an Oracle Linux 6 VM requires a minimum of 1gb RAM. Use the GUI installer forthe greatest set of installation options. The text-based installer will do a Minimum Install only.List 1 reviews the Oracle Linux installation considerations.

Disk Partitioning Setup. Depending upon your comfort level with installing Linux, you can accept thedefault partition layout or select a custom layout.

The default partition layout.Selecting the default partitioning layout will create a 500MB /boot partition and a LVM with twovolume groups, a root / partition and a swap partition.

Custom layout.100% customizable.

Network CongurationCongure a static IP address or use DHCP.

Time Zone SelectionSelect the time zone settings for your areaCongure UTC for the system clock

Package InstallationUse the default software selection and click on Next

Oracle recommends installing Oracle Linux and Red Hat Enterprise using the default software package selectionwithout any customization. Using the default software packages without customization includes most of theprerequisite packages for Oracle technology products and helps limit the number of manual prerequisite checks.After an Oracle Linux and/or Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation, Oracle recommends to install the LegacySoftware Development packages by typing:# yum groupinstall @ Legacy Software DevelopmentInstalling the Legacy Software Development packages will meet most of the Oracle technology productprerequisite packages.Oracle Linux HVM and PVM Installation PrerequisitesXen HVM installs require the use of ISO images that will be mounted on a virtual CDROM drive during theinstall process. Oracle Linux ISOs can be downloaded from the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM Cloud Portal. Accessto the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM Cloud Portal requires an Oracle.com user account and password.You may be inclined to wonder why Xen HVM installs can be done with an ISO le imported directly into OracleVM Manager while Xen PVM installs require the ISO le be mounted (mount -o loop) and made available viaHTTP. That's because paravirtualized guests don't have a BIOS from which a DVD device can be boot-strappedand the installer DVD doesn't contain a Xen paravirtualized domU kernel so its not possible to boot from an ISOimage. You just have to think Xen.The rst step for a Xen HVM or PVM installaion is to get the desired Oracle Linux ISO le and stage the le on aWeb server. For a Xen HVM installaion, Oracle VM Manager is used to import the ISO le. After which, it will bepossible to continue on with a Xen HVM install. For a Xen PVM installaion, the ISO le is used to stage theinstall tree on a web server. After which, it will be possible to continue on with a Xen PVM install.How to Download the Oracle Linux Installation MediaThe Oracle Linux Installation ISO les and DVDs are freely available at the Software Delivery Cloud - OracleLinux and Oracle VM portal. Access to the Software Delivery Cloud - Oracle Linux and Oracle VM portalrequires an Oracle.com user account and password to authenticate into the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM CloudPortal. If you do not already have an Oracle.com user account, visit the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM Cloud



Portal, click the Sign In / Register link or button to create an Oracle.com account.Figure 1 shows the Software Delivery Cloud - Oracle Linux and Oracle VM portal.

From the Sign In page, enter your Oracle.com user name and password, then click the Sign In button.Figure 2 shows the Oracle.com Sign In page.

Once authenticated, accept the registration/export regulations to access to the Oracle VM and Oracle LinuxMedia.Figure 3 shows the registration/export regulations form.



After completing the registration/export regulation form, you will be redirected to the Media Pack Searchpage. From the Media Pack Search page, select Oracle Linux from the Select a Product Pack dropdownmenu. Next, select x86 64-bit or x86 32-bit from the Platform dropdown menu, then click the Go button to betaken to the Oracle Linux Media Pack download page.Tip: If you do not see Oracle Linux or Oracle VM from the Select a Product Pack dropdown menu, you arenot in the Oracle Linux and Oracle VM section of the Software Delivery Cloud. Click the Software DeliveryCloud link in the page header, then click the Oracle Linux/VM drop down menu to be redirected to the OracleLinux and Oracle VM section of the Software Delivery Cloud .Figure 4 shows the Media Pack Search page.



From the Oracle Linux Media Pack page, click the desired Oracle Linux Media Pack hyperlink, or select theradio button and click the Continue button to go to the download page.Tip: Do not download the source DVD for an operating system installation. Oracle Linux is distributed as OpenSource software, therefore the source DVD is also available along with the DVD ISO images. The source DVDsare required by the GNU GPL license.Figure 5 shows the Oracle Linux x86 64 bit Media Pack page highlighting the Oracle Linux Release 6Update 3 for x86_64 (64 Bit) ISO le download.

From the Oracle Linux Media Pack download page, click the Download button for the ISO le or DVD.Figure 6 shows the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 Media Pack for x86_64 (64 bit) download page.



The Oracle Linux media is delivered as ISO les for OL6 and as DVD images for OL5 and 4.Virtual Machine Installation Prerequisite - Virtual NICsBefore you can continue on with creating a virtual machine you must rst conrm and/or create a pool of virtualNICs to be made available to the VMs during the Virtual Machine creation phase.From the Oracle VM Manager, click Networking => Virtual NICs to access the Virtual NICs page. If thereare no available Virtual NICs, click (Auto Fill) => Create and enter a number => Create to create VirtualNICs.Figure 7 shows the Virtual NICs page with 10 assigend Virtual NICs and numerious available Virtual NICs.



Oracle Linux HVM Installation Prerequisite - Import the Oracle Linux DVD ISO FileXen HVM installs require the use of ISO images that will be mounted on a virtual CDROM drive during theinstall process. A web server is used to host the ISO le and Oracle VM Manager is used to import the ISO le.After which, it will be possible to continue on with a Xen HVM install.The next example assumes that an Oracle Linux ISO le has been staged on a web server.First, click the Repositories tab => select the desired repository in the Show My or All Repositories window=> highlight the ISOs node => click the Import icon => Enter the URL to the ISO le => Click OK to submitthe Import ISO job.Figure 8



Once the Import ISO job completes, a Refresh Repository job runs and the ISO le is made available forinstallations in the ISOs node.Figure 9 shows the imported ISO le in the ISO node.

After you have imported the ISO into your VM Manager you are ready to install your new Xen HVM Linux VM.Oracle Linux PVM Installation Prerequisite - Stage the Install Tree on a Web ServerFor a Xen PVM installaion, the ISO le is used to stage the install tree on a web server. After which, it will bepossible to continue on with a Xen PVM install.Install and congure Apache using the Oracle Public RepositoryInstalling Apache from the Oracle public yum repository is accomplished by typing "cd /etc/yum.repos.d/", thenwget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo for Oracle Linux 5.x hosts or wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo for Oracle Linux 6.x hosts followed by "yum install httpd".



Once Apache is installed, type chkcong httpd on to setup Apache to automatically start. Next, start Apacheby typing service httpd start. The next example shows how to install, congure, and start Apache.Using yum, as root type (Public 5.x):# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo# yum install httpd# chkcong httpd on && service httpd startUsing yum, as root type (Public 6.x):# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo# yum install httpd# chkcong httpd on && service httpd startOnce the "yum install httpd", chkcong httpd on and service httpd start commands have ran, test Apache bypointing a web browser to the fully qualied domain name (FQDN) or the IP address of the Apache server.Tip: If you dont see the default Apache test page, check if iptables is blocking http trac on the Apache host.Consider disabling iptables to test Apache by typing sudo /sbin/service iptables stop.Install and congure Apache using the Unbreakable Linux NetworkInstalling Apache from an Unbreakable Linux Network registered Oracle Linux host is accomplished by typingup2date -i httpd for 5.x hosts or "yum install httpd" for 6.x hosts while logged in as root.Once Apache is installed, congure Apache to automatically start by typing chkcong httpd on. Next, startApache by typing service httpd start. The next example shows how to install, congure and start Apache.Using up2date, as root type (ULN 5.x):# up2date -i httpd# chkcong httpd on && service httpd startUsing yum, as root type (ULN 6.x):# yum install httpd# chkcong httpd on && service httpd startOnce the up2date -i httpd, or "yum install httpd", chkcong httpd on and service httpd start commandshave completed, test Apache by pointing a web browser to the fully qualied domain name (FQDN) or the IPaddress of the Apache server.Tip: If you dont see the default Apache test page, check if iptables is blocking http trac on the Apache host.Consider disabling iptables to test Apache by typing sudo /sbin/service iptables stop.Stage the Oracle Linux Install Tree on ApacheHere is two methods for staging the install tree on a web server. Both examples assumes the ISO le is on theApache web server, iptables is not blocking http trac, the ISO le is mounted as the root user in a directory inthe web root, i.e. /var/www/html.The st example mounts the ISO le in the /media directory, creates a directory on the web server, copies theISO le contents to the directory on the web server, then umounts the ISo le.# mount -o loop .iso /media# mkdir -p /var/www/html/repo/ol/6.3/iso/# cp -avr /media/* /var/www/html/repo/ol/6.3/iso/# umount /mediaThe contents of the ISO le are now staged on the Web server and ready to use for your Xen PVM install.The second example creates a directory on the web server and mounts the ISO le in directory.# mkdir -p /var/www/html/repo/ol/6.3/iso/# mount -o loop .iso var/www/html/repo/ol/6.3/iso/



The contents of the ISO le are now staged on the Web server and ready to use for your Xen PVM install.Create a PVM Oracle Linux Virtual MachineThis section of the Oracle Cloud Cookbook describes how to create a PVM Linux virtual machines. From OracleVM Manager, click the Servers and VMs tab, then click the Create a Virtual Machine icon to access theCreate a Virtual Machine window.Figure 10 highlights the Servers and VMs tab and the Create a Virtual Machine icon.

From the Create Virtual Machine How do you want to create your Virtual Machine window select theCreate a new VM (Click 'Next' to continue) radio button. Click Next to proceed.Figure 11



From the Create Virtual Machine page select the Server Pool, the *Server that will create the VM, enter theName of the VM, select the Repository, select the Enable High Availability check box, select the OperatingSystem, accept the default Keymap, select Xen PVM in the Domain Type drop down menu, enter the desiredRAM allocation number in MB in the Max. Memory (MB) and Memory (MB) text box, enter the same CPUallocation in the Max Processor and Processor text box. Accept the default Priority and Processor Cap %settings. Click Next to proceed.



Figure 12

Tip: In the Server drop down menu select an Oracle VM Server thats not running mission critical VMs tominimize the performance impact to the running VMs of creating the virtual disks (an I/O and CPU intensiveoperation).From the Set up Networks window accept the default Unassigned VNICs selection, select the network fromthe Network drop down menu, then click the Add VNIC button, Click Next to proceed.Figure 13

From the Arrange Disks window create the disks, i.e. one 20G disk for the OS, and one 50G disk for /u01.Select the + icon to open the Create a Virtual Disk window. From the Create Virtual Disk windows select thedesired storage Repository in the drop down menu, enter a name for the OS disk in the Virtual Disk Nametext box, enter the Size (GiB) in the text box, optionally enter a Description, and select the desired AllocationType for the disk. Click OK to proceed.Figure 14



Tip: Dene a Virtual Disk Naming convention for your environment so that you can easily recall Virtual Diskinformation in the future. In this example, we have decided on the convention (vm_name-disk0) for the systemdisk. If you add a second disk, you would name it (vm_name-disk1), and so on. Dene your naming conventionfrom the beginning and stick with it.From the Boot Options window conrm the Network boot option is in the right side window. Enter theNetwork Boot Path in the Network Boot Path text box. Click Finish to summit the Create Virtual Machinejob.

Network Boot Path to an install tree: http://webserver/path_to_install_tree/Network Boot Path to an install tree with a kickstart le: --args ks=http://webserver/path_to.ks.cfghttp://webserver/path_to_install_tree/"

Tip: If the Network Boot Path option is not visible, go back to the Create Virtual Machine window and selectthe Domain Type Xen PVM.Figure 15



The virtual machine is created and ready to Start, access the VNC console and install the Oracle Linux operatingsystem.

Oracle Linux 6 HVM Installation using Graphical (GUI) ModeThis section reviews how to install Oracle Linux 6 with the graphical (GUI) mode using the Oracle VM ManagerVNC console.1- Start the VM and access its VNC console. At the boot prompt, press the Enter key to start the Oracle Linuxinstallation in graphical mode.Figure 16

2- On the CD Found window, you can perform a media test to validate the integrity of the installation media.The media test is optional and time consuming. In this example, we will not perform a media test.Press the tab key to select the Skip key. Once the Skip key is selected, press the Enter key to proceed.Figure 17

3- On the Welcome screen, click the Next button or Alt+N to proceed.Figure 18



4- On the Language Selection screen, select the preferred language that will be used during the installationprocess. In this example, select the default language, English (English).Accept the default English (English) language selection, then click the Next button or press Alt+N toproceed.Figure 19

5- On the Keyboard Selection screen, select the desired keyboard setting for the system. In this example,select the default keyboard selection, US English.Accept the default US English keyboard selection, then click the Next button or press Alt+N to proceed.Figure 20



6- On the Storage Device screen, you can select the Basic Storage Devices or the Specialized StorageDevices options. In this example, accept the default Basic Storage Devices option, click the Next button or press Alt+N toproceed.Figure 21

7- A disk initialization Warning dialogue box will appear after you make your Storage Device selection. Clickthe Re-initialize button or press Alt+R to proceed with the installation.Figure 22



8- On the Networking conguration screen, you can accept the default DHCP setting or congure thenetworking manually. To use DHCP, accept the defaults, and click the Next button or press Alt+N to proceed.Click the Congure Network button to review the network congurations.Figure 23

9- From the Network Connections screen, select the desired connection, i.e. eth0 and click the Edit button.Figure 24



10- On the Editing System screen select the Connect automatically checkbox to enable the interface toautomatically start at boot time. To congure the networking manually, click the desired tab to congure theselected interface. Click the Apply button to save the networking setting and to return tothe Network Connections screen.Figure 25

11- On the Networking Connections screen, click the Close button or press Alt+C, next click theNext button or Alt+N to proceed.Figure 26



12- On the Time Zone screen, select the time zone for your area by clicking your region on the map. Accept thedefault System clock uses UTC setting, and click the Next button or press Alt+N to proceed.Figure 27

13- On the Root Password screen enter a root password for the server, then click the Next button orpress Alt+N to proceed.Figure 28



14- On the Installation Type screen, you can select the desired partitioning layout or create your ownpartitioning layout. In this example, accept the default Replace Existing Linux System(s), click the Next button orpress Alt+N to proceed.Note: To edit the default partitioning layout, select Review and modify partitioning layout option and clickNext or Alt+N.Figure 29

15- A partition table Warning dialogue box will now appear. Click the Write changes to disk orpress Alt+W to proceed.Figure 30



16- On the Software Selection screen, you can accept the default selections or select one or more roles for theserver and/or customize the entire software selection by selecting the Customize now.Oracle recommends installing Linux using the default software package selection without any customization.The default software packages have most of the prerequisite packages for Oracle technologies and helps limitthe number of manual checks.Select the Desktop option without any customization, then click the Next button or press Alt+N to proceed.Figure 31

17- On the Installation Progress screen, you will see a dialogue box about the installation starting. Once theStarting Installation process screen is gone, the installation begins and you see the progress indicators. Theinstallation will take a few minutes.Figure 32



18- The Congratulations screen informs you that the installation is complete and to remove your DVD mediafrom the system and to reboot the system. Remove the CD/DVD media from the systemFigure 33

At this point you would be advised to shutdown the VM using the VM Manager GUI because the DVD is stilllisted rst in the boot order for this VM. Go to the VM Manager and right-click on our newly created OracleLinux 6 VM and then left-click Stop. Wait for the VM Manager to indicate that the VM is shutdown completelyas indicated by a removal of the lock icon and the VM icon now appearing in the color red. Right-click on theVM and then left-click Edit. Click Next until you get to the Boot Order screen and remove the DVD from theBoot Order. Click Next, then click Finish. You can now start the VM by again right-clicking on the VM fromthe VM Manager GUI and selecting Start.19- After the system reboots, you will be presented with the Welcome screen. Click the Forward button orpress Alt+F to proceed.Figure 34



20- On the License Agreement screen, accept the license agreement and click the Forward button orpress Alt+F to proceed.Figure 35

21- On the Set Up Software Updates screen, select the desired Unbrekable Linux Network registrationoption, then click the Forward button or press ALT+F to proceed.Figure 36



22- If you selected No from the previous screen, click the No thanks, I'll connect later. button to proceed.Figure 37

23- On the Finish Update Setup screen click the Forward button or press ALT+F to proceed.Figure 38



24- On the Create User screen, you can create new system users. Click the Forward button or press Alt+F toproceed.Figure 39

25- On the Date and Time screen you can congure the Date and Time and Network Time Protocol (NTP)settings. Congure the Date and Time and Network Time Protocol settings, then click the Forward buttonor press Alt+F to proceed.Figure 40



26- On the Kdump screen, accept the default setting and click the Forward button or press Alt+F to proceed.Figure 41

27- On the Login screen, click on the desired user name and enter the password to access the desktop.Figure 42



28- Once you have successfully authenticated, you have a fully functional GNOME desktop environment.Figure 43

Oracle Linux 6 HVM Installation using Text ModeAfter creating your Linux VM using the VM Manager GUI you are now ready to begin installation. If your VMhas less than 1024MB of RAM then the installer will default to text-mode. This section will guide you throughthe text-based installer for Oracle Linux 6.1.From the Oracle VM Manager, right-click on your newly created VM and select Start. After the VM hasstarted, right-click again on the VM and select Start Console.For a text mode installation, at the boot prompt below press tab and enter text after the boot line.Figure 44



Press to begin the Installation process.We do not need to test the installation media, so select Skip and then press .Figure 45

This takes us to the Welcome screen. Press to continue.

Figure 46



Choose your language, press to highlight the OK button then press .Figure 47

Select the model of your keyboard, press to highlight the OK button, then press .Figure 48

Press to highlight the Re-initialize button then press to continue.Figure 49



Use the default UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) if appropriate for your environment.Select your Time Zone then press to highlight the OK button then press .Figure 50

Dene the root password for your new VM. Press to highlight the OK button then press .Figure 51

Partition using the entire drive, select the appropriate drive then press to highlight the OK button then



press .Figure 52

Press to highlight the Write changes to disk button then press .Figure 53

The installer now creates and formats the volume group and lesystems.Figure 54



At this point, installation of your new Oracle Linux 6 VM will begin.Figure 55

This is a Minimal Install so only the base 226 packages are now installed.Figure 56

When you get to this screen, do not reboot.Figure 57



Instead switch back to the VM Manager GUI and shutdown the Virtual Machine.Figure 58After the shutdown operation completes, you can right-click on the VM, select Edit, click next until you get tothe Storage Options. You can now uncheck the ISO image. You no longer need it.Figure 59Under storage options you see that our Virtual disk is in the disk order.Figure 60Now, remove CDROM from the boot order. In its place add Disk. Click Finish. You are now ready to start yournewly installed VM for the rst time by launching the console from the VM Manager GUI.To register your new VM to receive patches and updates from the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network for OL5run the up2date --register command and for OL 6 run the uln_register command.# up2date (OL 5)# uln_register (OL6)If your behind a proxy server, use the --proxy option to specify an http proxy, i.e. as root type uln_register-proxy=: If your proxy server requires authentication, use the --proxyUser and --proxyPassword to add a usernameand password, i.e # uln_register proxy=: --proxyUser=--proxyPassword=How to Add a Virtual DiskUNDER DEVELOPEMENTFrom the VM Manager GUI, select Home, then Server Pools, then Repositories and choose the appropriaterepository.Figure 61Next, select Virtual Disks. Click the Create Virtual Disk icon.Figure 62From the Create Virtual Disk screen give the virtual disk a name using your organization's standardizednaming convention and size the virtual disk. Click OK and wait for the Job to complete.



Figure 63Now right-click on the VM for which you wish to add an additional virtual disk and select Edit. Note: youcannot complete this action on a running VM so make sure the VM has been powereddown rst. Click Next until you get to the Storage Options and select the newly created virtual disk.Click Next and then Finish.Figure 64When this Job completes you may start the VM, login via the VNC console or SSH and take the appropriate stepsto create a lesystem and mount the lesystem. Use the case below as a starting point.# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 16.0 GB, 16000000000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1945 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identier: 0x000ccd59Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/xvda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/xvda2 64 1946 15111168 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/xvdb: 50.0 GB, 50000000000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6078 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identier: 0x000b3029Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 13.4 GB, 13358858240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1624 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap doesn't contain a valid partition tableHere we see our newly created virtual disk /dev/xvdb, size 50GB.# fdisk /dev/xvdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identier 0x51b17688.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid ag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)



WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended toswitch o the mode (command 'c') and change display units tosectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 50.0 GB, 50000000000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6078 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identier: 0x51b17688Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemCommand (m for help): nCommand actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-6078, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6078, default 6078):Using default value 6078Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.Create a partition using the fdisk tool. In this case we choose to use all of partition 1.# pvcreate /dev/xvdb1Physical volume "/dev/xvdb1" successfully created# vgcreate vg0 /dev/xvdb1Volume group "vg0" successfully created# lvcreate -n lvol0 -l 100%FREE vg0Logical volume "lvol0" created# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lvol0mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks3055616 inodes, 12205056 blocks610252 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum lesystem blocks=4294967296373 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,4096000, 7962624, 11239424Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and lesystem accounting information: done



This lesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or180 days, whichever comes rst. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.# mkdir /u01# echo "/dev/vg0/lvol0 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab# mount /u01# mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)proc on /proc type proc (rw)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")/dev/xvda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)/dev/mapper/vg0-lvol0 on /u01 type ext4 (rw)# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root13G 764M 11G 7% /tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm/dev/xvda1 485M 48M 412M 11% /boot/dev/mapper/vg0-lvol046G 180M 44G 1% /u01Create the Physical Volume, Volume Group and Logical Volume. Make an ext4 lesystem on the logical volume.Add the lesystem to your /etc/fstab le so the newly created lesystem is mounted automatically on reboot.Create the mount point and nally, mount your new lesystem. Congratulations.How to Add a Virtual Network InterfaceFrom the VM Manager GUI, right-click on your VM and select Edit. Note: you cannot make changes to arunning VM so shut it down before you begin this process.From the Edit Virtual Machine screen, click next to access the Network Options screen. Select a free VNICand click the Add button to move it to the Selected Value(s) window. Click Finish.Figure 65Now start your VM and then Console or SSH into it.# cd /etc/syscong/network-scripts# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1# vi ifcfg-eth1# ifup eth1Determining IP information for eth1... done.# ifcongeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:F6:00:00:0Finet addr:192.168.4.127 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::221:f6:fe00:f/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:1906 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:1017 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:138940 (135.6 KiB) TX bytes:639453 (624.4 KiB)Interrupt:243eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:F6:00:00:0Ainet addr:192.168.4.126 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::221:f6:fe00:a/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:50 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0



TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:3349 (3.2 KiB) TX bytes:1280 (1.2 KiB)Interrupt:242lo Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:HostUP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)When you edit the ifcfg-eth1 le make sure to update the MAC Address to reect the new device, ieHWADDR="00:21:F6:00:00:0A", in this example.Linux Patch Management with Free Updates and Errata from OracleIn March 2012, Oracle announced that Oracle Linux 4, 5 and 6 latest RPM patches, updates and erratas areavailable at no cost from separate yum repositories on http://public-yum.oracle.com. To keep Oracle Linux andRed Hat Enterprise Linux system up to date to the latest update version, subscribe hosts to their respective"_latest" repository. The free Oracle Linux 4, 5 and 6 RPM patches, updates and erratas do not include Oraclesupport or any of the benets of the Oracle Linux Support program.The Oracle Linux Support program oers the following benets over and above the free Oracle Linux RPMpatches, updates and erratas:Full indemnication against intellectual property claims. Remember the SCO lawsuits?Use of the Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Systems Management Plug-in for Linux for provisioning, patching,management and monitoring. The Systems Management Plug-in for Linux has feature parity with Red HatSatellite Server.Access to additional Oracle software channels on the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN).The ability to create Support Requests with Oracle' World Class support organization.The Oracle public yum server latest RPM channels include the base OS version installation RPM packages alongwith the latest software patches, updates and xes. Patch jobs using the latest RPM channel update hosts totheir respected latest version update with the latest software patches, updates and xes. A patch job executedon a Oracle Linux 6 host would update the host from 6 to 6U2 with the latest latest software patches, updatesand xes. To keep a host at its respected update level, access to the Unbreakable Linux Network Rpm channelsis required where it is possible to remove the default el*/ol*_latest RPM channel and select the el*/ol*_basealong with the el*/ol*_patch RPM channel. When hosts are patched using the el*/ol*_base and el*/ol*_patch RPMchannels, the hosts are patched with the latest software patches, updates and xes from their respected updatechannel, i.e. 6, 6U1, 6U2.To congure an Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 host to use Oracle's public yum repository, as root,change to the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory and type wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo todownload the public-yum-ol6.repo le. Next, type yum update to patch the host.The next example shows how to download the public-yum-ol6.repo le from Oracle and to update an OracleLinux or Red hat Enterprise Linux host. Type the following commands as root:# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo# yum updateThe next example shows the public-yum-ol6.repo le.Tip: You can enable any of the repositories in the public-yum-ol6.repo le by changing enabled=0 to enabled=1.# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo[ol6_latest]name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/



gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=1[ol6_ga_base]name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=0[ol6_u1_base]name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=0[ol6_u2_base]name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=0[ol6_UEK_latest]name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=0[ol6_UEK_base]name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6gpgcheck=1enabled=0How to Delete a Virtual MachineYou can only delete a VM that is in Stop or Error state. If you're dead set on getting rid of a VM, simpleright-click on the VM to remove and select Delete. Choose any Virtual Disks you also wish to delete and clickOK. All les and properties associated with this VM should now be deleted.Tip: We have seen it happen that the Virtual Machine is still seen inside the VM Manager GUI after deleting theVirtual Machine using the above process. As a workaround, we were nally able to delete the problem VM byright-clicking on the VM, selecting Edit and then clicking Next, removing all associated Vnic's, Boot Orderdevices and Virtual Disks manually, then clicking Save. At this point we were able to successfully delete the VM.



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Oracle Linux Installation With Oracle VM Manager