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A switch is a device that channels incoming data from any of the multiple input ports to any of the output ports. here optical technology is used for this purpose.By the use of this technology, optic fiber transmission system can carry 32-80 wavelengths modulated @ 2.5gbps-10gbps per wavelength this presentation is done my one of my friends named arun.this presentation is uploaded with all his permission.with regards cc
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OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING
Done by : ARUN JOY
R7A11
WHAT IS A SWITCH ?? Device that channels incoming data from any of the multiple input
ports to any of the output ports.
SWITCHING TYPES
CIRCUIT SWITCHING
PACKET SWITCHING
o In circuit switching a dedicated path is established for communication. E.g.: telephone networks
o In packet switching, the messages to be transmitted is broken to small PACKETS.
Today’s switching networks
ROUTING and TRANSMISSION are the two functions required to move packets through networks
The router uses the information in the packet-(IP header, Type, Priority) to
route the packets from input to output
with minimal packet loss
Optic fibers
A medium for transmitting information in the form of light pulses along a glass/fiber
Also known as LIGHT PIPE Provides greater bandwidth
WAVE LENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
• A technology used to increase the information rate
• Here multiple signals can traverse through a single strand of optic fiber
USE
• By the use of this technology, optic fiber transmission system can carry 32-80 wavelengths modulated @ 2.5gbps-10gbps per wavelength
OPTICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• In MAN, links between the nodes are optical fibers
• Here packets are in the optical format• O-E-O conversion are required at the interface
LIMITATIONS
• LIMITED PACKET PROCESSING• SLOW OPERATION• COST AND COMPLEXITY• CROSS TALK
These limitations degrades the performance of the system affecting the bandwidth
SOLUTION!
• The solution is OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING
• The signals are being processed by means of OPTICAL SWITCH FABRIC
OPTICAL SWITCH FABRIC
OPTICAL SIGNALS OPTICAL SIGNALS
SWITCH ARCHITECTURE
An OPS node consists of following components
1. INPUT INTERFACE
2. SWITCHING MATRIX
3. BUFFER
4. OUTPUT INTERFACE
5. ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT
1.INPUT INTERFACE
• Wave length conversion
->conversion of external to internal wavelengths
->identification of the beginning and end of the header and payload
• Provides synchronization• Header processing
CONTROL UNIT
• Processing routing information• Updates header information• Forwards header to output interface
SWITCHING MATRIX
• Optical switching of the payloads according to the commands from the control unit
OUTPUT INTERFACE
• Provides 3R(reamplification,reshaping,retiming) regeneration
• Attaches updated header to corresponding optical payload
• Conversion of internal to external wavelength• resynchronization
GENERAL PACKET FORMAT
• A generic packet format consists of Header Payload Additional GUARD BANDS before and after
payload
PACKET HEADER
• A packet header may comprise of following fields
Sync- provides synchronization
Source Label-provides source node address
Destination Label-provides destination node address Type-type and priority of the carried payload
continued…
Sequence Number: Packet sequence number to reorder packets arriving out of order
and guarantee in-order packet delivery
OAM: Operation, Administration, Maintenance
HEC: Head Error Correction
OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
• Two types of optical switching techniques
1.ALL OPTICAL LABEL SWAPPING (AOLS)
2.LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCHES
ALL OPTICAL LABEL SWAPPING
Consists of Optical Core Networks
1.Edge Router
2.Core Router
Here Packets can be routed independent of Payload Bit Rate, Coding format ,length etc
Can handle IP packets as well as ATM cells
LABEL
• A Lower Bit Rate (LABEL) is attached to the front of the packet
• A LABEL contains-
1.Error checking information
2. Source Information
3. Destination Information
4. Framing and timing information
PROCESS
• Packets entered through EDGE nodes (source side) is encapsulated with the optical label
• Header is removed.• At internal CORE nodes, the label is optically
erased, embedded with a new label• The payloads with the label gets routed in the
networks• At the Edge nodes (destination side) ,the label is
Erased back to packet payload• Updated header is encapsulated to the payload
All optical label swapping
2.LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCHES
• Principle : -when an electric field is applied to liquid crystal, the molecules line up and become opaque
• The molecules are so thin and straight, will allow light of a particular orientation to pass through the liquid crystal
• It consists of 2 components
1. CELL
2. DISPLACER
CELL AND DISPLACER
CELL: Formed by placing the liquid crystal between 2 plates of glass
• Glass is coated with oxide materials that conducts electricity
• The function is to REORIENT the polarized light entering the cell
DISPLACER: • It is a composite crystal that directs the polarized light
leaving the cell
conclusion
• The new technology –regarded as ULTIMATE SOLUTION to bandwidth needs PROVIDING
->IMPROVED EFFICIENCY
->LOW COSTS
->UTILISE DWDM
THANK YOU!!!
•
QUESTIONS ????
DONE BY
• ARUN JOY
• 7TH SEMESTER,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGG,
SREE NARAYANA GURUKULAM COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING,KADAYIRUPPU.