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Ontogeny of Behaviour
Development and Learning
Ontogeny of Behaviour
Innate behaviour pattern
Ontogeny of Behaviour
Genome information
CNS
IRM
FAPor
MAP
encodes
contains
IMMATURE
Learning
Maturation
CNS
IRM
FAPor
MAP
MATURE
Learning
Definition:- all processes that lead to adaptive changes in
individual behaviour as a result of experience under a particular set of environmental conditions
Learning
Sensitive phases - black guillemot
nest
Learning
Constraints - gulls and kittiwakes
Gulls
-ground nesting-young wander
-Parents learn to recognize their own young
-cliff nesting-young never wander
-Parents don’t learn to recognize their own young - just nest site
Kittiwake
Learning Processes
1. Habituation
Learning Processes
2. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning
Learning Processes
2. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning
UCS + CS trials CS alone
Probability of response
Learning Processes
2. Classical Conditioning
-example from nature - bluejay and monarch butterfly
Learning Processes
3. Instrumental Conditioning
Learning Processes
4. Imitational (Observational) Learning
Facial Expressions
Learning Processes
5. Insight (Cognitive) Learning
(images from Kohler, 1899)
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
For a movie (Quicktime) of a duckling being imprinted on a milk bottle go to:http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/jeab_movies/09/Hoffman-9-177a.mov
Stimulus IRM(very rough)
Imprint onobject
IRM - for geese - movement and minimum/maximum size- for mallards - movement and rhythmic calls
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
IRM - characteristics of sexual partner
In males - very rough IRMIn females - much more developed
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Immelman - imprinting in finches
Society Finch Zebra Finch
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingImmelman - imprinting in finches
Zebra finch raised with society finch
Remove at 33 to 66 days
Isolated until sexually mature (4 months)
Tested malesTested females
Court society finch females
Attack or ignore zebra finch females
Respond to zebra finch courtship
Don’t respond to society finch courtship
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Major characteristics of object imprinting
1. Innately controlled temporal motor pattern
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Major characteristics of object imprinting
1. Innately controlled temporal motor pattern2. Takes place during early sensitive phase
For parental imprinting For sexual imprinting
Time - days 300
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Major characteristics of object imprinting
1. Innately controlled temporal motor pattern2. Takes place during early sensitive phase3. Relatively irreversible
Learning Processes
6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Major characteristics of object imprinting
1. Innately controlled temporal motor pattern2. Takes place during early sensitive phase3. Relatively irreversible4. Time lag in expression of sexual imprinting period
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingMotoric imprinting-formation of a memory template - needs to be perfected
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingMotoric imprinting - sensitive phase
Song sparrow
White crowned sparrow
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingCrude template (innate)
Own species song heard
Template matched to song heard
Template is perfected
Final song is perfectedTestosterone
Song output
Hear own song Compare to template
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingCrude template (innate)
Own species song heard
Template matched to song heard
Template is perfected
Final song is perfectedTestosterone
Song output
Hear own song Compare to template
Memorization phase
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprintingCrude template (innate)
Own species song heard
Template matched to song heard
Template is perfected
Final song is perfectedTestosterone
Song output
Hear own song Compare to template
Memorization Phase
Motor Phase
Learning Processes6. Imprinting
a. Object imprintingi. Parental (filial) imprintingii. Sexual imprinting
b. Motoric imprinting
c. Habitat imprinting
Habitat imprinting
Migrating salmonlearn characteristics of natal stream
Learning Processes
Other systems associated with learning
1) Behavioural/cultural traditiona. Acquired within a groupb. Transferred between generation by non-genetic means
Japanese macaque washing food Blue titmouse opening milk bottle
Learning Processes
Other systems associated with learning
2) Behavioural/cultural traditiona. Acquired within a groupb. Transferred between generation by non-genetic means
Tool use
