n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 1 Chng 1: NGUYN T
I. THNH PHN NGUYN T II. CU TO LP V ELECTRON CA NGUYN T III. S PHN B
E VO CC OBITANIV. NGUYN T HA HC V. C IM E NGOI CNG Electronmang in
m me = 0,00055u qe = -1 (vt) Protonmang in dng mp = 1u qe = +1 (vt)
Notronkhng mang in mn = 1u qn = 0 Ht nhnV Nguyn t S phn b electron
trong lp v tun theo Nguyn l vng bn: cc e phn b theo mc nng lng thp
cao Trt t cc mc nnglng:1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s. Nguyn l Pauli: mi AO ch
c ti a 2e c chiu t quay ngc nhau Quy tc Hun: cc e phn b sao cho s e
c thn l ti a LP ELECTRON n =12 34 567 Tn lpKL M N OPQ Gm cc e c mc
nng lnggn bng nhau PHN LP ELECTRON K hiu phn lp theo chiu mc nng
lng tng dn: s pdf Gm cc e c mc nng lngbng nhau OBITAN NGUYN T Phn
lp spdf S AO1357 S e ti a2610 14 Khong khng gian xung quanh ht nhn
m xc sut c mt e l ln nht (khong 90%)ng vi lp n c n phn lp, n2
obitan v 2n2 e ti a Gm cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn (Z+) ng v:
cng Z, khc N Nguyn t khi trung bnh: Ax ByAx y+=+ 1, 2, 3 Kim loi 5,
6, 7 Phi kim 8 Kh him n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong
2 CU HI TRC NGHIM CHNG ICu: 1 Nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntrn v
electron l 34 trong s ntrn ln hn s proton l 1 ht. S khi ca ht nhn X
l: A) 19B) 23 C) 21 D) 11 Cu: 2 Tm pht biu sai: A) Cc electron
trong cng mt AO c cng mc nng lng B)Ccelectrontrongcngmtphnlpcsnh
hng ging nhau trong khng gian C)C7lpelectronvlpKllpcmcnng lng thp
nht D)Ccelectroncmcnnglnggnbngnhau thuc cng mt lp
electronCu:3Nguynt 17X ccuhnhelectronlp ngoi cng l 2s22p4. Nguyn t
X c:A) 8e, 9p, 9n B) 9e, 8p, 8n C) 8e, 8p, 9nD) 9e, 9p, 8n
Cu:4PhntRccngthctngqutlXaYb. Tng s nguyn t v electron trong R ln lt
l 5 v 90. Cng thc phn t ca R l: A) Fe2O3 B) Al2O3 C) Ca3P2 D) CCl4
Cu:5NguyntBc2ngvvcnguynt khi trung bnh l 10,812. Nu c 94 nguyn t
10B th c bao nhiu nguyn t 11B ? A) 85B) 406C) 22 D) 103 Cu: 6 Nguyn
t Z c 2 ng vvi tng s khi l 128, ng v th 2 t hn ng v th nht 2 ntrn.
S nguyn t ca ng v th nht bng 37% s nguyn t ng v th 2. Nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Z l: A) 64,26B) 64 C) 63,54 D) 64,46
Cu:7Trongthnhphncaminguyntnht thit phi c cc loi ht no sau y? A)
Proton v ntrn B) Ntrn v electronC) Proton, ntrn v electron D)
Proton v electron Cu: 8 Chn pht biu sai: A) Lp electron th n c n2
AO B)Sphnlptrongmtlpelectronbngstht ca lp C) Lp electron th n c 2n2
electronD) S AO trong cc phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt l 1, 3, 5, 7 Cu: 9
Trong t nhin, nguyn t brom c 2 ng v l 7935Br v 8135Br
.Nunguyntkhitrungbnhca brom l 79,91 th % s nguyn t ca ng v th nht
l: A) 61,8B) 45,5C) 54,5D) 35 Cu: 10 Nguyn t x c cu to bi 21 ht. S
ht ntrn v proton cch nhau khng qu 2 n v.Tng s AO ca nguyn t X l: A)
5B) 7C) 6D) 3 Cu: 11 Pht biu no v nguyn t 199Fl sai?A) C 2 lp
electronB) C 5 electron ngoi cng C) C 1 electron c thn D) Thuc loi
nguyn t phi kim Cu: 12 Mt nguyn t X gm 2 ng v X1, X2. Gi s % s
nguyn t ca 2 ng v l bng nhau v 3 loi ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Tng
s ht trong X1 v X2lnltl18v20thnguyntkhitrungbnh ca X l bao nhiu? A)
6,5B) 7C) 13D) 12,5 Cu:13NguyntRcelectroncuicngl electron c thn phn
lp s v thuc lp N. Tng s electron ca R l: A) 24 B) 19C) 29D) Tt c ng
Cu: 14 Trong anion AO23 c 30 proton v nguyn
tAcsntrnchim1/3tngsht.Tngsht trong ion AO23 l: A) 92B) 32 C) 96 D)
42 Cu: 15 Chn pht biu ng A) ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton
trong nguyn t B) Nguyn t khi l khi lng ngt tnh bng u
C)Trongnguynt,skhibngtngkhilng proton v ntrnD) Trong nguyn t, s hiu
nguyn t = in tch ht nhn = s proton = s
electronCu:16NguyntYc12ntrnvcsht manginchim2/3tngsht.Shiunguynt ca
Y l: A) 12B) 18 C) 24 D) 8 Cu:17Choccnguynt 1H ; 3Li ; 7N ; 8O;9F;
10Ne ; 11Na . S nguyn t c 1 electron c thn l: A) 5B) 4C) 3D) 2
Cu:18Nguyntnosauykhngphic18 ntrn? A) 3416S B) 4018ArC) 3517Cl D)
3618ArCu:19Cho4nguynt 136X ; 147Y ; 146Z ; 157T . Chn pht biu sai
A) X v Z ng lin k nhau trong BTH B) Y v T l ng v ca nhau C) Y v Z c
cng s khi D) X v Y c cng s ntrnCu:20Phtbiunosauyngchocanion 199F- v
nguyn t 2010Ne ? A) Khc s ntrn B) Cng s khi C) Cng s electron D)
Cng s protonCu:21NguyntMccuhnhelectronphn lp c mc nlng cao nht l
3d5. S proton ca M: n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 3
A) 27B) 23 C) 24 D) 26 Cu: 22 Cho cc nguyn t 2He; 6C; 14Si ; 18Ar
;20Ca; 25Mn. S nguyn t thuc khi nguyn t s v p ln lt l: A) 2 ; 4B) 2
; 3C) 3 ; 3D) 3 ; 2 Cu: 23 ng c 2 ng v l 63Cuv 65Cu(chim 27% s
nguyn t). Hi 0,5 mol ng c khi lng l bao nhiu? A) 31,5gB) 32gC)
31,77g D) 32,5g Cu: 24 Nit c 1 ng v v hidro c 3 ng v. C bao nhiu
loi phn t NH3 c to thnh t cc ng v trn? A) 9B) 10 C) 3D) 6
Cu:25Nguyntca2nguyntX,Ycphn lpngoicnglnltl3pv4s.Ktlunnosau y v loi
nguyn t ca X, Y l ng? A) X: kh him, Y:kim loi B) X:phi kim, Y:kim
loi C) X:kim loi, Y:phi kimD) Cha kt lun c BI TP T LUN CHNG I Bi 1:
Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t v vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca n khi
bit: a.Nguyn t A c tng s ht ca cc nguyn t l 40 b.Nguyn t B c tng s
ht l 92. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 24 ht Bi 2: Ion
M+ v X2- u c cu hnh e nh sau: 1s22s22p63s23p6 a.Vit cu hnh e ca M v
X b.Tnh tng s ht mang in ca hp cht to nn t 2 ion trn Bi 3: Nguyn t
X c tng cc ht c bn l 82. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
22 ht a.Xc nh A, Z ca nguyn t nguyn t X b.Xc nh s lng cc ht c bn
trong ion X2+ v vit cu hnh electron ca ion . Bi 4: Nguyn t A c 10
electron p. Nguyn t B c eletron cui cng l electron ghp i AO 4s
a)Vit cu hnh electron v xc nh loi nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B. b)Phn b
electron vo cc lng t v xc nh s electron c thn ca nguyn t A, B. Bi
5: Nguyn tX c s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10 ht v c s
ntron chim 35,294% tng s ht. a)Vit k hiu nguyn t X. b)Hp cht M c
cng thc XaYb , trong tng s proton v tng s nguyn t trong phn t M ln
lt l 30 v 3. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. (S: Na2O) Bi 6: ng v X1 ca
nguyn tX c cu to bi 54 ht. Trong ht nhn ng v X1, s ht khng mang in
nhiu hn s ht mang in l 3 ht. a) Vit k hiu nguyn t X1 b) ng v cn li
X2 ca nguyn t X c t l s khng ht mang in v tng s ht mang in l 917.
Tnh % s nguyn t v % khi lng ca tng ng v bit NTKTB ca X = 35,5. (S:
75%; 25% v 73,94%; 26,06) Bi 7: Phn t R c cng thc MX3. Tng s ht
trong R l 196 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S
khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong ion X nhiu hn trong ion M3+
l 16 ht. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca R. (S: AlCl3) Bi 8: Hp cht M c to
thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to
nn. Tng s proton trong X+l 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2l 50. Bit
2 nguyn t trong thuc cng mt nhm A v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong
bng tun hon. Xc nh CT phn t ca M.(S: (NH4)2SO4 )
Bi9:NguyntXchatrcaonhtvioxi cao 3 ln ha tr trong hp cht kh vi
hidro. t A l cng thc hp cht oxit cao nht, B l cng thc hp cht kh vi
hidro ca X. Khi t khi hi ca A i vi B l 2,353. Xc nh X, A, B. (S: S,
SO3, H2S) n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 4 Chng 2:
BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC V NH LUT TUN HON I. CU TO BNG TUN HON
II. S BIN I TUN HON MT S I LNG V TNH CHT: NGUYN T: mi ngt trong BTH
chim 1 . ngt cho bit S hiu nguyn t CHU K: tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s
lp e (STT CK = s lp) Chu k ln: cc chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 gm cc nguyn t s,
p, d, f (CK 4, 5 c 18 ngt, CK 6 c 32 ngt, CK 7 cha hon thnh) Chu k
nh: cc chu k 1, 2, 3 gm cc nguyn t s v p (chu k 1 c 2 ngt, chu k 2,
3 c 8 ngt) NHM: gm cc ngt c cu hnh e nguyn t tng t nhau Nhm B: (gm
10 ct: IB VIIIB, VIIIB c 3 ct) -STT nhm = s e ha tr -Gm cc nguyn t
d v f Nhm A: (gm 8 ct: IA VIIIA) - STT nhm = s e lp ngoi cng - Gm
cc nguyn t s v p K hiu nguyn t Nguyn t khi Tn nguyn t CHU K Z R I1
_ Tnh kim loi Tnh phi kim Tnh baz Tnh axit NHM n R I1 _ Tnh kim loi
Tnh phi kim Tnh baz Tnh axit Ha tr cao nht vi oxi (n = STT nhm) tng
dn t 1 7; Ha tr vi hidro ca nguyn t phi kim (m = 8 STT nhm) gim dn
t 4 1 n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 5 CU HI TRC
NGHIM CHNG II Cu: 26 X l kim loi ha tr II, Y l kim loi ha tr
III.TngshttrongmtnguyntX,Ylnltl 36, 40. X, Y l: A) Ca, AlB) Ca,
CrC) Mg, CrD) Mg, Al Cu: 27 Cho cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn
t sau: X(1s22s22p63s2), Y(1s22s22p63s23p5), Z
(1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2), T (1s22s22p6). Nguyn t kim loi gm: A) X,
Y, TB) Y, Z, TC) X, ZD) Y, T Cu: 28 Khng nh no sau y l ng?
A)Tnhchthahccaccnguynttrongcng nhm A bin i tun hon
B)NhmAgmccnguyntsvp,nhmBgm cc nguyn t d v f C) STT ca nhm bng s
electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t trong nhm D) C 16 ct tng ng
vi 16 nhm, gm 8 nhm A v 8 nhm B Cu: 29 Khng nh no sau y sai? A) C 7
chu k gm 3 chu k nh v 4 chu k ln B) Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp
theo chiu s electron tng dn C)Nguyntccnguyntcungchukcslp electron
bng nhau D) Chu k thng bt u bng kim loi kim, kt thc bng halogen
Cu:30Trongmtchuk,ilngnosauy khng bin i tun hon? A) S khi B) Thnh
phn cc oxit, hidroxit C) Ha tr vi hidroD) S electron ha tr
Cu:31AnionX-vcationY2+uccuhnh electronlpngoicngl3s23p6.Chnphngn ng
v v tr ca X, Y trong bng tun hon: A) X: chu k 3, nhm VIIA; Y: chu k
4, nhm IIA B) X: chu k 4, nhm IA; Y: chu k 3, nhm VIA C) X: chu k
3, nhm VIIB; Y: chu k 4, nhm IIB D) X: chu k 4, nhm VIIA; Y: chu k
3, nhm IIA Cu:32NguyntnguyntRccuhnhelp
ngoicng2s22p2.Cngthchpchtkhvihidro v cng thc oxit cao nht ca X l:
A) RH2 ; ROB) RH4 ; RO2 C) RH5 ; R2O3D) RH3 ; R2O5 Cu: 33 Tm pht
biu ng nht khi ni v quy lut binitunhontrongmtchukittrisang phi: A)
Ha tr i vi oxi tng dn t 1 n 7 B) Ha tr i vi hidro gim dn t 7 n 1 C)
Tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn D) Hidroxit tng ng c tnh baz
gim dn Cu:34NguyntXthucCKnhtoccc
hchtsau:XH3,XCl5,X2O5,Na3XO4.TrongBTH
nguyntXthuccngnhmvinguyntnosau y?A) FB) NC) Al D) P Cu: 35 Nguyn t
nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron lpngoicng(n-1)do ns1.VtrcaYtrongbng tun
hon l: A) Chu k n, nhm VIBB) Chu k n, nhm IA C) Chu k n, nhm IBD) C
A, B, C c Cu:36NguyntZthucchuk4,nhmIB.S proton ca Z l: A) 21B) 19
C) 29 D) 23 Cu:37NguyntXcphnlpelectronngoi cng l 3p4. Ch ra cu sai
khi ni v nguyn t X. A) Ht nhn nguyn t X c 16 proton B) Hidroxit tng
ng ca X: H2XO4 C) X c 6 electron lp ngoi cng D) X nm chu k 3, nhm
IVA Cu: 38 X, Y, Z l cc nguyn t thuc cng chu k
trongbngtunhon.OxitcaXtantrongncto thnhmtddlmqutmha.Ytdvincto thnh
dd lm phenolphtalein ha hng. Hidroxit ca Z
tdcvicddHClvddNaOH.Thttngdn s hiu nguyn t ca X, Y, Z l: A)X, Y,
ZB)X, Z, YC)Z, Y, X D)Y, Z, X Cu:39HidroxitcanguyntRcdngHRO4.
TronghpchtkhcaRviHc2,74%hidrotheo khi lng. R l: A) CacbonB) IotC)
CloD) Brom Cu: 40 Mt nguyn t c ha tr trong oxit cao nht bng ha tr
trong hp cht kh vi hidro. Phn t khi ca oxit cao nht bng 1,875 ln
phn t khi ca hp cht vi hidro. R l: A) CB) SC) ND) Si Cu: 41 Dy no
sau y sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu bn knh nguyn t gim dn? A) Mg >
S > Cl > FB) Cl > F > S > Mg C) S > Mg > Cl
> FD) F > Cl > S > Mg Cu:42NguyntRthucnhmA.Trongcng thc
oxit cao nht, R chim 40% v khi lng. Cng thc oxit l: A) COB) SO3 C)
CO2 D) SO2 Cu: 43 Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron
lpngoicng4s24p3.VtrcaXtrongbngtun hon l: A) Chu k 4, nhm VA, STT
23B) Chu k 3, nhm VB, STT 33 C) Chu k 4, nhm IIIB, STT 23 D) Chu k
4, nhm VA, STT 33 Cu: 44 NguyntRthucnhmIIA.6gamRtc dng ht vi ddHCl
thu c 6,16 lt kh hidro(o 27,3oC ; 1 atm). R l: A) BeB) MgC) BaD) Ca
n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 6 Cu: 45
HainguyntA,Bchiusnvin tchhtnhnl16.PhntZgm5ngtca2ngt A, B v c tng
cng 72 proton. Cng thc ca Z l: A) Cr3O2 B) Cr2O3 C) Fe2O3 D) Al2O3
Cu:46Dynosauyspxpccnguynt (ion) theo chiu bn knh nguyn t (ion) tng
dn? A) Na+ < Mg2+ < NeB) Na+ < Ne < Mg2+ C) Mg2+ <
Na+ < Ne D) Ne < Na+ < Mg2+ Cu: 47 Cho 3 nguyn t c cc lp
electron ln lt lX(2/8/4),Y(2/8/5),Z(2/5).Dynosauyxp ng th t gim dn
tnh axit: A)HZO3>H3YO4>H2XO3 B)HZO3>H2XO3>H3YO4
C)H3YO4>H2XO3>HZO3 D)H2XO3>H3YO4>HZO3 Cu: 48 Cho cc
nguyn t Al (z=13), Br(z=35), Na (z=11), Li (z=3). Nguyn t c m in nh
nht l:A) AlB) Li C) Br D) Na Cu:49NguyntM,Ncsthttrongbng tun hon ln
lt l 13 v 16. Chn cu sai: A) Tnh kim loi: M > NB) Bn knh nt: M
< N C) Ha tr vi oxi: M < N D) m in: M < N
Cu:50Phnlpcmcnnglngcaonhtca ccnguyntX,Y,Z,Tlnltnhsau:4s1,3s1,
3p4,2p4.Dynosauyxpngthttngdn tnh phi kim: A) X < Y < Z <
TB) Z < T < Y < X C) Y < X < Z < TD) X < Y
< T < Z BI TP T LUN CHNG II Bi 1: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c
cng thc l RO3. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn tR vi hidro, R chim 94,12%
v khi lng. a)Xc nh tn R b)Nu nhng tnh cht c bn ca R c)So snh tnh
phi kim ca R vi cc nguyn t ln cn Bi 2: Hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi H
c dng XH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,33% oxi v khi lng a)Xc nh tn X
b)So snh tnh axit ca oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng ca X vi cc ngt
ln cn trong cng chu k. Bi 3: Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc chu k 2 ca
BTH. Hp cht kh ca R vi hidro c cng thc l RH2. a)Xc nh v tr ca R
trong BTH b)R phn ng va vi 12,8g phi kim X thu c 25,6g XR2. Xc nh
tn nguyn t X. Bi 4:a) Vit cu hnh e, cng thc hp cht kh vi hidro ca
cc nguyn t c s hiu ln lt l 7, 8, 9. Sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo chiu
tnh phi kim tng dn v gii thch b) Cho 0,72g kim loi M thuc nhm IIA
trong BTH tc dng vi HCl thu c 0,672 lit kh (kc). Tm kim loi M. Vit
cu hnh e nguyn t, nu v tr trong BTH v so snh tnh cht ha hc ca M vi
19K (gii thch) Bi 5:a) Cho 2 nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong BTH v
c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l37. Xc nh A, B v cho bit TCHH c trng ca
chng. b) Cho 8,8g hn hp 2 kim loi nm 2 chu k lin tip v thuc nhm
IIIA tc dng vi HCl d thu c 6,72 lit kh (kc). Xc nh 2 kim loi . Bi
6: Ha tan 17,45g hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng
tun hon bng 400 ml dung dch HCl 5,475% (D = 1,25g/ml) thu c dung
dch X v 6,16 lt kh (ktc). a) Xc nh 2 kim loi kim. b) Tnh nng phn
trm cc cht trong dung dch X.(S: Na, K; 2,83%, 4,32%; 1,41%) Bi 7:
Ha tan 4,32g kim loi R bng 350g dung dch H2SO4 19,6% (D = 1,4g/ml)
thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 21,6g mui khan. a)
Xc nh kim loi R.b) Tnh nng mol/l cc cht trong dung dch A. (S: Mg;
0,72M; 2,08M) n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 7 Chng
3: LIN KT HA HC I. LIN KT HA HC 1. Lin kt ion 2. Lin kt cng ha tr
II. HIU M IN V LIN KT HA HC III. S LAI HA IV. S XEN PH TRC - S XEN
PH BN Hiu Loi lin ktc im 0 s A_ < 0,4Lin kt cng ha tr khng ccCp
e chung khng b lch 0,4 s A_ < 1,7Lin kt cng ha tr c ccCp e chung
lch v ngt c ln 1,7 s A_Lin kt ionKim loi nhng e cho ngt phi kim Cc
khi nim: - Cation: l ion mang in tch dng;- Anion: l ion mang in tch
m - Lin kt ion: hnh thnh do lc ht tnh ingia cc ion mang in tri
duLIN KT ION iu kin lin kt: xy ra vi cc kim loi in hnh v phi kim in
hnhTinh th ion (VD: tinh th NaCl, CaCl2)- To nn t nhng ion mang in
tch tri du - Lc lin kt: c bn cht tnh in - c tnh: bn, 0nct v 0st
cao, d tan trong nc Ha tr ca ngt trong hp cht ion - Tn gi: in ha tr
- Cch xc nh: HT = in tch ionLIN KT CNG HO TR Khi nim:l lin kt hnh
thnh gia hai ngt bng 1 hay nhiu cp e chung iu kin lin kt: xy ra vi
cc ngt ging nhau hoc gn ging nhau v bn cht ( thng xy ra vi cc ngt t
nhm IVAVIIA)Ha tr ca ngt trong hp cht cng ha tr - Tn gi: cng ha tr
- Cch xc nh: CHT = s lin kt ca ngt to ra vi cc ngt khc trong phn t
Tinh th nguyn t (VD: kim cng)- To nn t cc nguyn t - Lc lin kt: lin
kt cng ha tr - c tnh: 0nctv 0stcao, c cng ln Tinh th phn t (VD:
tinh th I2, H2O)- To nn t cc phn t - Lc lin kt: lc tng tc gia cc
phn t - c tnh: t bn, cng nh, 0nctv 0stthp Khi nim: l s t hp mt s AO
khc nhau to thnh tng y AO lai ha ging nhau nhng nh hng khc nhau
trong khng gian S LAI HA Lai ha sp: 1 AO s + 1AO p 1 AO lai ha sp
nh hng theo ng thng, gc lin kt 1800
Lai ha sp2: 1AO s + 2AO p 3 AO lai ha sp2 nh hng t tm n nh ca mt
tam gic u, gc lin kt 1200
S xen ph trc: ng ni tm 2 AO xen ph trng vi trc lin kt ca chng. S
xen ph trc to ra lin kt o S xen ph bn: ng ni tm 2 AO xen ph song
song vi nhau v vung gc vi trc lin kt ca chng. S xen ph trc to ra
lin kt t Lin kt n: l lin kt o Lin kt i: gm 1 lin kt o v 1 lin kt t
Lin kt ba: gm 1 lin kt o v 2 lin kt t Lai ha sp3: 1AO s + 3AO p 4
AO lai ha sp3 nh hng t tm n nh ca mt t din u, gc lin kt 109028n tp
HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 8 CU HI TRC NGHIM CHNG III
Cu: 51 Dy no sau y ch xut hin lin kto ? A) CO2, NH3 B) HCl, O2 C)
NO, H2OD) SiH4, C2H6 Cu: 52 Ion no khng c cu hnh e ca kh him? A)
Mg2+B) Al3+ C) Na+ D) Fe3+ Cu: 53 Dy no sau y xp ng th t s oxi ha
tng dn ca nit? A) NH3, N2, NO2, NaNO2 B) N2, NH3, NO2, NaNO2 C)
NH3, N2, NaNO2, NO2 D) N2, NH3, NaNO2, NO2
Cu:54Trongnhmphntnosauyuc cha nguyn t c s lai ha sp3 ? A) BF3, H2O,
CH4 B) NH3, H2SO4, H2O2 C) C2H4, PH3, H2SD) H2CO3, SiH4, NH3 Cu: 55
NguyntAc2ehatr,nguyntBc 5e ngoi cng. Cng thc ca hp cht to bi A v
B:A) A5B2B) A2B3 C) A3B2 D) A2B5 Cu: 56 Dy no sau y, cc cht u c
lktt ? A) CO2, PH3 B) SO2, H2O2 C) HBr, N2D) C2H2, N2O5 Cu: 57
Nhmphntnosauyuccutrc thng hng? A) H2O, CO2 B) BeCl2, SiO2 C) C2H2,
H2O2 D) SO2, CO2 Cu: 58 Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z, T c s hiu nguyn
tlnltl13,16,17,19.Cunosauysaikhi ni v lin kt gia cc nguyn t? A) Z v
T: lin kt ionB) Y v T: lin kt ion C) X v Z: lin kt ionD) Y v Z: lkt
cng ha tr Cu:59CationR+ c10electron.Linktgia nguyn t R vi nguyn t
clo thuc loi lin kt g? A) Lin kt cho-nhnB) Lin kt ion C) Lin kt cng
ha trD) Khng xc nh c Cu:60inhatrcaccnguyntnhmVIA trong hp cht ion
vi cc nguyn t nhm IA l: A) 2- B) 6+C) 2+D) 6- Cu: 61 Phn t no sau y
c lin kt cho-nhn? A) H2O2B) SiO2 C) SO2 D) CO2 Cu:62TrongphntCS2,
scpelectroncha tham gia lin kt l:
A) 2B) 4C) 5D) 3 Cu:63Choccion:NO3(1);SO23(2);CO23(3);
ClO4(4);SO24(5);PO34(6).Linktcho-nhnc trong cc ion: A) (1), (2),
(3), (5), (6)B) (1), (2), (4), (5), (6) C) (1), (2), (3), (4),
(5)D) (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) Cu:64MthucnhmIIA,NthucnhmVIA. Trong
oxit cao nht M chim 71,43% khi lng, cn N chim 40% khi lng. Lin kt
gia M v N thuc loi lin kt: A) Cho-nhnB) IonC) Cng ha trD) Khng xc
nh cCu: 65 phn t no sau y, nit c cng ha tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s oxi
ha bng nhau? A) NH3 B) NH4ClC) N2 D) HNO3
Cu:66Linkttrongphntnosauymang nhiu tnh ion nht? A) CaCl2 B) AlCl3
C) KClD) NaCl Cu: 67 Choccionsau:NO3;SO24;CO23;Br; NH4+. S electron
trong mi ion trn ln lt l: A) 32, 50, 32, 36, 10B) 32, 42, 32, 34,
12 C) 30, 50, 32, 35, 10D) Kt qu khc Cu: 68 Cho cc cht sau: KCl,
H2O, N2, Si, Ne, Fe. Cht no c th to thnh tinh th phn t? A) N2, Si,
Ne, Fe B) H2O, N2 C) H2O, N2, NeD) KCl, H2O, Si Cu: 69 Nu nguyn t X
c 3e ha tr v nguyn t Y c 6e ha tr. Hp cht ion to thnh t X v Y l: A)
X3Y2B) X2Y3C) X2YD) XY2 Cu: 70 Cp cht no sau y m trong mi cht u c c
3 loi lin kt (ion, cng ha tr, cho-nhn)? A) Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3 B)
CaSO4, NH4Cl C) NaOH, H3PO4 D) K2SO4, HNO3
Cu:71Sxenphtrcp-pxuthintrongdy phn t no sau y: A)H2, NaClB)ClF, Br2
C)HCl, O2 D)KI, Cl2 Cu: 72 Khng nh no sau y ng? A) Tinh th ion bn,
kh nng chy, d tan trong nc B) Tinh th ngt bn, cng, dn in khi nng
chy C) Tth pt km bn, d thng hoa, d tan trong nc D)Tth KL c tnh n
hi,dn in,dn nhit, nh kimCu: 73 C th tm thy lin kt ba trong pt no?
A)N2, C2H2 B)O2, SO3 C)O3, N2 D)FeCl3, HNO3 Cu: 74 Trong cc phn t
no sau y uc xut hin gc lin kt 1200 ? A) C2H4, BF3, HNO3 B) H2O,
C2H6, NO2 C) SO3, PCl3, H2CO3 D)NH3, SO2, C6H6
Cu:75Chocchpchthocionsau:CaO(1),
BaCl2(2),NaClO3(3),SO24(4),H3PO4(5).Hp cht hoc ion no c lin kt
ion?A) (2), (3), (5)B) (1), (2) C) (1), (2), (3)D) (2), (3), (4),
(5) n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 9 Chng 4: PHN NG
HA HC I. PHN NG OXI HA - KH II. PHN LOI PHN NG HA HC III. PHNG PHP
CN BNG P OXH - KH THEO PP THNG BNG ELECTRON PHN NG HA HC P khng c
sthay i s oxhPHN NG OXI HA KH V PHN NG KHNG OXI HA KH PHN NG TA
NHIT V PHN NG THU NHIT P c s thay i s oxhPhn ng trao iPhn ng thPhn
ng ha hpPhn ng phn hyP hp thu nng lng di dng nhitP ta ra nng lng di
dng nhitPhn ng ta nhit (AH < 0) Phn ng thu nhit (AH > 0) Phng
trnh nhit ha hcPHN NG OXI HA KH Khi nim: l p c s thay i s oxh hay p
c s chuyn e gia cc cht Cht kh: l cht nhng e hay c s oxh tng sau
pCht oxh: l cht nhn e hay c s oxh gim sau p S oxh: l qu trnh lm cht
kh nhng e hay lm tng s oxh cht kh sau p S kh: l qu trnh lmcht oxi
ha nhn e hay lm gim s oxh cht oxi ha sau p Nguyn tc cn bng p oxh -
kh: tng s e do cht kh nhng = tng s e do cht oxh nhn - Xc nh s oxi
ha tm cht kh, cht oxi ha - Vit qu trnh oxi ha, qu trnh kh + Nu
trong phng trnh c mt cc cht O2, H2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, N2O,
Fe2(SO4)3, h s 2 c gi li + Cn bng s nguyn t 2 v bn phn ng + Tm s e
nhng hoc nhn - Tm h s sao cho tng s e nhng = tng s e nhn -a h s vo
s phn ng v hon thnhphng trnh phn ng. n tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV:
Dng Khnh Hong 10 CU HI TRC NGHIM CHNG IV Cu: 76 Loi p no sau y lun
l p oxh - kh A) Trao iB) Phn hyC) Ha hpD) Th Cu: 77 Cho PTP sau CuO
+ CO 0t Cu + CO2. Cht oxh l A) COB) CO2 C) CuOD) Cu Cu: 78 chuyn t
SO2 sang SO3 ta cho SO2 p vi cht A) KhB) OxhC) H2 D) Axit Cu: 79 S
oxh ca N trong NO2, NO3, NH4+ ll l: A) +4, +5, +3B) +4, +5, -3 C)
-4, -5, + 3 D) -4, +5, -3 Cu: 80 H s ca p Cu + HCl + NaNO3 Cu(NO3)2
+ NO + NaCl + H2O ln lt l A) 3, 8, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4B) 3, 4, 2, 3, 4,
2, 4 C) 2, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4D) 3, 8, 8, 3, 2, 8, 4 Cu: 81 P no sau y
khng phi l p oxh - kh A) NO2 + O2 + H2O HNO3 B) NH3 + CO2 + H2O
NH4HCO3 C) N2 + H2 NH3 D) NO + O2 NO2 Cu: 82 Dy no di y sp theo
chiu s oxh tng dn ca clo A) HCl, HClO3, HClO, HClO4 B) HClO2, HCl,
HClO3, HClO, HClO4 C) HCl, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 D) HClO4, HClO3,
HClO2, HClO Cu: 83 P no sau y khng c s thay i s oxh ca cc nguyn t
A) Cho natri clorua tc dng vi bc nitrat B) Ha tan km vo dd H2SO4
long C) Nhit phn kali clorat D) St phn ng vi clo Cu: 84 Qu trnh no
sau y l qu trnh kh trong phn ng sau: CuO + COCu +CO2 A) 2 0Cu 2e
Cu++ B) 2 4C C 2e+ ++C) 4 2C 2e C+ ++ D) 0 2Cu Cu 2e+ + Cu: 85 Cho
phng trnh ha hc: NH3 + O2 NO + H2O. Tng cc h s trong phng trnh ha
hc l A) 21B) 19 C) 18 D) 20 Cu: 86 P no sau y SO2 th hin tnh kh A)
SO2 + H2O H2SO3 B) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 C) SO2 + CaO CaSO3 D) SO2 + 2NaOH
Na2SO3 + H2O Cu: 87 NH3 ng vai tr cht kh trong phn ng: A) NH3 +
AlCl3 + H2O NH4Cl + Al(OH)3 B) NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 C) NH3 + O2 N2
+ H2O D) NH3 + HCl NH4Cl Cu: 88 Cho cc p sau: Cc p l p oxh - kh lFe
+ 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (1)FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O (2) Fe + 2FeCl3
3FeCl2(3) FeSO4 + BaCl2 FeCl2 + BaSO4 (4) A) 1, 2B) 1, 3C) 2, 3D)
3, 4 Cu: 89 Cho p: CaCO3 (r) 0t CaO (r) + CO2(k)AH = +572 kJ/mol.
Gi tr AH = + 572 kJ/mol cho bitA) lng nhit ta ra khi phn hy 1g
CaCO3 B) lng nhit cn hp th to thnh 1g CaCO3 C) lng nhit cn hp th
phn hy 1 mol CaCO3 D) lng nhit ta ra khi phn hy 1 mol CaCO3 Cu: 90
Cho PT: M2Ox + HNO3 M(NO3)3 + . Vi gi tr no ca x th p trn l p trao
i A) 1 hoc 3B) 1C) 2D) 3 Cu: 91 H s ca p HNO3 + H2S NO + S + H2O
sau khi cn bng ln lt l A) 3, 2, 3, 2, 4 B) 2, 2, 3, 2, 4 C) 2, 6,
2, 2, 4 D) 2, 3, 2, 3, 4 Cu: 92 S bin i no sau y l s oxh A) 0 1Cl
Cl 1e+ + B) 6 3Cr 3e Cr+ ++ C) 5 2N 3e N+ ++ D) 6 4S 2e S+ ++ Cu:
93 Trong p Zn+CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu. Zn A) Cho 1eB) Nhn 2e C) Nhn 1e D)
Cho 2e Cu: 94 Pht biu no sau y ng A) P trung ha l p oxh - kh B) P
phn hy lun l p oxh - kh C) P trao i lun l p oxh - kh D) P c kim loi
tham gia lun l p oxh - kh Cu: 95 Cho p KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 +
Cl2 + H2O. H s ca cc cht trong p trn ln lt l A) 1, 8, 1, 1, 4, 2 B)
2, 16, 1 ,1, 4, 5 C) 2, 16, 2, 2, 5, 8D) 12, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3 Cu: 96
Trong p Fe+CuSO4FeSO4+Cu.Cu2+ A) nhn 2 eB) nhn 1 mol e C) nhng 2eD)
nhng 2 mol e Cu: 97 H s ca p Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O ln
lt l A) 4, 5, 4, 1, 3 B) 4, 10, 4, 1, 3 C) 2, 5, 4, 1, 6 D) 4, 8,
4, 2, 4 Cu: 98 S mol e cn dng kh 0,5 mol Al3+ thnh Al l A) 0,5
molB) 3,0 molC) 1,5 molD) 4,5 mol Cu: 99 Cho phng trnh ha hc Cl2 +
2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. Trong p Cl2 ng vai tr A) cht khB) va l
cht oxh, va l cht kh C) mi trng D) cht oxh Cu: 100 Th mt mu vi vo
dd H2SO4, p ha hc xy ra l p A) ThB) Ha hpC) Phn hyD) Trao in tp HKI
- Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 11 BI TP T LUN CHNG 3 + 4 Bi 1:
Cho m gam KMnO4 tc dng vi HCl c thu c 3,36 lit Cl2 (kc)a)Vit PTHH
xy ra v cn bng theo phng php thng bng e b) Tnh m. (S: 9,g) Bi 2:
Cho 5,1g hn hp gm 2 kim loi Mg v Al tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng. Sau p
thu c hn hp 2 mui v 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc).a)Hon thnh cc PTP xy ra
b)Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. (S: 47% ; 53%) Bi 3:a)Hy
gii thch s to thnh lin kt cng ha tr trong phn t Cl2, HBr bng m hnh
xen ph cc obitan nguyn t b)Cho bit loi lin kt trong cc phn t sau y:
NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, I2, HCl, O2, CH4 Bi 4:a)Hy cho bit in ha tr v
cng ha tr ca cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht sau: CaO, Al2O3, NaCl,
CaCl2, H2O, CH4, HCl, NH3 b)Hy gii thch s to thnh lin kt trong phn
t F2, KCl, CH4, CaO bng cch gp chung hoc nhng nhn e Bi 5:a)Gii thch
s to thnh lin kt trong phn t CH4, BCl3, CO2 theo thuyt lai ha b)M t
s to thnh lin kt o, lin kt t trong cc hp cht sau: C2H4, N2, C2H2 Bi
6: Vit cng thc e v cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht sau: a)O2, O3, NH3,
HNO3, H3PO4 b)Cl2, HCl, HClO4 c)CaC2, Al4C3, SO2 d)Na2SO4, KNO3,
MgCl2, NH4Cl Bi 7:a)Clo c th to thnh cc loi lin kt ha hc no ? Cho v
d minh ha. b)Ti sao SO2 c th nhn thm 1 nguyn t Oxi to thnh SO3 cn
CO2 khng c kh nng ny. Bi 8: Hon thnh cc phn ng oxi ha kh sau bng
phng php thng bng electron. 1) H2SO4 + HI I2 + H2S + H2O 2) NO2 +
O2 + H2O HNO3
3) S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO 4) NaBr + KMnO4 + H2SO4 Br2 + MnSO4 +
Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O 5) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + H2O 6) CrCl3 +
Na2O2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaCl + H2O 7) MnO2 + K2MnO4 + H2SO4 KMnO4 +
MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O 8) Br2 + NaOH NaBr + NaBrO3 + H2O 9) S + NaOH
Na2SO4 + Na2S + H2O 10) FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2SO4 + H2O n
tp HKI - Ha hc 10 nng caoGV: Dng Khnh Hong 12 p n phn trc nghim
Cu0102030405060708091011121314151617181920 A B C D
Cu2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 A B C D
Cu4142434445464748495051525354555657585960 A B C D
Cu6162636465666768697071727374757677787980 A B C D
Cu81828384858687888990919293949596979899 100 A B C D
