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Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
“Anthropoids”
= all living and extinct monkeys,
apes and humans
Anthropoids
OligoceneAnthropoids
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
2. “Dental apes”
prospered during the Oligocene
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Dental apes are “apes” with monkey-like bodies
who did not hang or swing
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Major site
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 195
OligoceneOligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
• squirrel monkeys with teeth that associate them more with Old World monkeys
Parapithecus
OligoceneOligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
Propliopithecus• a small gibbon-like ape
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 179
Propliopithecus
OligoceneOligocene
El Fayum:
Parapithecus
Propliopithecus
Aegyptopithecus
Oligocene AnthropoidsOligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
– Oligocene “dental ape”
– largest of the Fayum anthropoids• ca. the size of a howler monkey• 13 – 20 pounds
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 180
Aegyptopithecus
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Aegyptopithecus
Oligocene AnthropoidsOligocene Anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus
– is important because it bridges the gap between the Eocene fossils and the Miocene hominoids
Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that brachiated probablyoriginated in the Early Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution of arboreal suspension . . . would the modern meaning of the term ape have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
All living apesshow forelimb-dominated
locomotion
(They climb, swing, or hang about by their arms -- “brachiation”)
Next: Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
