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Old Testament Survey: Book of 2 Kings Downfall and Captivity

Old Testament Survey: Book of 2 Kings

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Old Testament Survey: Book of 2 Kings. Downfall and Captivity. Background. The book’s author and the date of the writing are unknown. Chapters 1-17 — In Israel, from Ahaziah to Hoshea, a period of 176 years (897—721 BC) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Old Testament Survey:                      Book of 2 Kings

Old Testament Survey: Book of 2 Kings

Downfall and Captivity

Page 2: Old Testament Survey:                      Book of 2 Kings

Background

• The book’s author and the date of the writing are unknown.

• Chapters 1-17—In Israel, from Ahaziah to Hoshea, a period of 176 years (897—721 BC)

• Largely, the last days of Elijah’s ministry and his ascension (1:1—2:12); Elisha (Chapters 2-13)

• Chapters 18-25—in Judah, from Hezekiah to Judah’s fall to Babylon, a period of 155 years.

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• Historical Events:

• 2 Kings gives Israel’s history, from the wicked king Ahab’s death to its destruction in 722 BC.

• Judah’s history, from the good king Hezekiah to its fall to Babylon in 586 BC.

Background

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Relation to other books of history:• A sequel to 1 Kings.

• Takes up where the former leaves off--in the middle of the brief reign of Ahaziah, Ahab’s son, continuing through Israel’s fall to Assyria and Judah’s fall to Babylon.

• Parallel passage is 2 Chronicles 21-36.

• 1 & 2 Kings first divided by the Septuagint.

Background

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Period covered by both books:• Approximately 430 years--from David’s death to

Judah’s fall• After division in 975 BC, Judah had 19 kings—

Rehoboam to Zedekiah--all descended from David.• Israel had 19 kings—Jeroboam to Hoshea--seven

dynasties, or families.• Israel’s kings were all bad.• Leading prophets: Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, and Jeremiah

Background

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Historical scope of the period:• Begins with King David and ends with the King of

Babylon.• Opens with the temple being built and ends with

the temple being burnt.• Begins with David’s successor on the throne of his

kingdom and ends with David’s last successor, Jehoiachin, being released from the house of captivity.

Background

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Historical scope of the period:• First half of 2 Kings (1-13) a record of Elijah’s 66-

year ministry.• Following Elijah’s last days and ascension (1:1—

2:12).• Second half of the book is an account of the events

leading to the fall to Samaria, Israel’s captivity (14-17).

• Judah alone for 135 years, the nation’s decline, Jerusalem’s fall, captivity in Babylon (18-25).

Background

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Keys to 2 Kings

• Key words—downfall and captivity

• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Key verses:– 12:2,3

“Jehoash did what was right in the sight of the

LORD all the days in which Jehoiada the priest

instructed him. But the high places were not

taken away; the people still sacrificed and burned

incense on the high places.”

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• Key words—downfall and captivity

• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Key verses:– 17:22,23

“For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of

Jeroboam which he did; they did not depart from them, until the LORD removed

Israel out of His sight, as He had said by all His servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away from their own

land to Assyria, as it is to this day.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key words—downfall and captivity

• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Key verses:– 21:13-15

“So I will forsake the remnant of My inheritance and deliver

them into the hand of their enemies; and they shall

become victims of plunder to all their enemies, because they have done evil in My

sight, and have provoked Me to anger since the day their fathers came out of Egypt,

even to this day.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key words—downfall and captivity

• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Key verses:– 23:25-27

“Now before him there was no king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart, with all his soul, and with all

his might, according to all the Law of Moses; nor after him

did any arise like him. Nevertheless the LORD did not turn from the fierceness

of His great wrath, with which His anger was aroused

against Judah…”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key words—downfall and captivity

• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Key verses:– 24:1-3

“In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his

vassal for three years. Then he turned and rebelled

against him. And the LORD sent against him raiding

bands of Chaldeans, bands of Syrians…”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key phrase—”According to the word of the Lord.”

• Expression or equivalent 24 times! – 1:17– 24:2

“So Ahaziah died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah

had spoken. Because he had no son, Jehoram

became king in his place, in the second year of Jehoram the son of

Jehoshaphat, king of Judah.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key phrase—”Because they have done that which is evil in my sight.”

• Expression or equivalent 21 times! – 21:15

“Because they have done evil in My sight,

and have provoked Me to anger since the day their fathers came out of Egypt, even to this

day.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key phrase—”the man of God.”

• Expression or equivalent 36 times! – 1:13

“Again, he sent a third captain of fifty with his fifty

men. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and

fell on his knees before Elijah, and pleaded with him,

and said to him: ‘Man of God, please let my life and

the life of these fifty servants of yours be precious in your

sight.’”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key chapter—25

• Utter destruction of the temple and Jerusalem

• Nebuchadnezzar places Zedekiah on the throne– 24:13,14

“And he carried out from there all the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king's house, and he cut

in pieces all the articles of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD, as

the LORD had said.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key chapter—25

• Babylon’s king besieged Jerusalem till Zedekiah’s 11th year.– 25:2,3

“So the city was besieged until the eleventh year of

King Zedekiah. By the ninth day of the fourth month the famine had

become so severe in the city that there was no food

for the people of the land.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key chapter—25• All men of war fled• Zedekiah’s sons put to

death before him• His eyes were put out

– 25:6,7

“Then they killed the sons of Zedekiah

before his eyes, put out the eyes of

Zedekiah, bound him with bronze fetters,

and took him to Babylon.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key chapter—25• Nebuzaradan, captain

of the guard, destroys Jerusalem

• Took the priests to king of Babylon; he slew them– 25:9-12

“He burned the house of the LORD and the king's house; all the

houses of Jerusalem, that is, all the houses

of the great, he burned with fire.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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• Key chapter—25

• Remnant of the people fled to Egypt

• Prophets gave hope—release in 70 years– 25:27-30

“Now it came to pass in the thirty-seventh year of the

captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the twenty-

seventh day of the month, that Evil-Merodach king of Babylon, in the year that he

began to reign, released Jehoiachin king of Judah

from prison.”

Keys to 2 Kings

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Theme of 2 Kings

• Tragic continuation of Jewish history in 1 Kings

• Period of corruption, disruption, decline, destruction, and desolation– 25:21

“Then the king of Babylon struck them

and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah

was carried away captive from its own

land.”

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• For faithful obedience to God

• Teach morality lessons for the lives of the nation and its leaders

• Warning of the consequences of disobedience– Romans 15:4

“For whatever things were written before were written for our

learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the

Scriptures might have hope.”

Appeal of 2 Kings

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• Elijah taken up into heaven

• Elisha receives a double portion of Elijah’s spirit– 2:9-12

“And so it was, when they had crossed over, that

Elijah said to Elisha, ‘Ask! What may I do for you, before I am taken away from you?’ Elisha said,

‘Please let a double portion of your spirit be

upon me.’

Principal Events

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• Elisha rewards the Shunammite woman’s hospitality (4:8-37)

• Naaman’s leprosy healed– 5:1-15

“And his servants came near and spoke to him,

and said, ‘My father, if the prophet had told you to do

something great, would you not have done it? How much more then, when he says to you,

Wash, and be clean?’”

Principal Events

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• Jezebel’s gruesome death (9:30-37)

• Jehu’s execution of divine justice on Joram, Ahaziah, 70 sons of Ahab, and the Baal worshippers– Chapters 9,10

“Know now that nothing shall fall to the earth of the word of the LORD which the LORD spoke concerning the house of Ahab; for the LORD has done what

He spoke by His servant Elijah.”

Principal Events

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• Israel’s fall; conquered by Assyria (17)

• Hezekiah’s good reign

• Deliverance from Assyria; 185,000 slain– Chapters 18-20

“And it came to pass on a certain night that the

angel of the LORD went out, and killed in the camp

of the Assyrians one hundred and eighty-five

thousand; and when people arose early in the morning, there were the

corpses-all dead.”

Principal Events

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• Manasseh’s wickedness and the evil ways of his son Amon

• Built altars to pagan gods

• Sons passed through the fire– 21:1-15

“For he rebuilt the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; he raised up altars for Baal,

and made a wooden image, as Ahab king of Israel had done; and he

worshiped all the host of heaven and served them.”

Principal Events

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• Josiah’s reforms following the discovery of the Book of Law– Chapters 22,23

“Now before him there was no king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart, with all his

soul, and with all his might, according to all the

Law of Moses; nor after him did any arise like

him.”

Principal Events

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• Judah begins its servitude to Babylon during Jehoiakim’s reign – 24:1

“In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up,

and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years. Then he turned and rebelled

against him.”

Principal Events

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• Powerful influence of rulers upon nations

• God’s anger kindled against unfaithful people

• Punishment according to His word– 17:23

“Until the LORD removed Israel out of His sight, as He had

said by all His servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away from

their own land to Assyria, as it is to this

day.”

Spiritual Lessons

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• The book records 16 miracles by Elisha; Elijah performed eight miracles– 4:1-7– 4:18-37– 5:5-15– 6:1-7

“So the man of God said, ‘Where did it

fall?’ And he showed him the place. So he cut off a stick, and

threw it in there; and he made the iron

float.”

Elisha’s Miracles

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More Information About the Divided Kingdom

and Judah’s Fall Under “Special Studies”