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Dr Bernard VallatDirector General

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

OIE Activities Regarding the Intersection of Human, Domestic animal, and Wildlife

Populations and Implications for Zoonotic Diseases

GRF Davos One Health Summit 2012 19-22 February 2012, Davos (Switzerland)

178 Member Countries in 2011

Africa 52 – Americas 30 – Asia, the Far East and Oceania 36 – Europe 53 – Middle East 20

Note: Some countries belong to more than one region

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• Complex relationships between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans co-existing in common ecosystems

• Combined with changes in land use • animal production • growth and heightened urbanization of the human

population • deforestation

Altered equilibrium between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife

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The growing importance of the zoonotic The growing importance of the zoonotic potential of animal pathogenspotential of animal pathogens

60% of human pathogens are zoonotic

75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic

80% of agents with potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens

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Trends in animal protein consumptionTrends in animal protein consumption

Shift from poverty to middle-class (+1 billion people expected)

Increase in the number of daily meals

More milk, eggs and meat in meals

Intensification of production cannot be avoided

We must be prepared to face new threats

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OIE Approach• Promote the fundamental responsibilities of

Veterinary Services and their government partners and relevant stakeholders to protect and improve animal health, including aspects related to wildlife.

• Recognize the need to increase capacity of all countries to conduct surveillance, early detection, and initiate appropriate response to national or international biological events and spread of diseases in animals, including wildlife

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Managing the Interface• Wildlife and domestic populations often have

different health status• Freedom from diseases is not always attainable at

a national or regional level especially in developing countries

• The goal of the OIE is to maximize animal health and trade benefits, while minimizing negative effects on other populations

• Human, animal and environmental factors must therefore be taken into account

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Updating OIE Standards and Safe Trade Facilitating Mechanisms

• Promote harmonization of national regulations addressing the human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces• Disease free zoning and compartmentalisation• Safe trade in animal origin commodities

• Need for a multidisciplinary cooperation by stakeholders (including public and non-governmental organisations) to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes within the human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces

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OIE Continues to DevelopScience-based Standards

• Through the work of the OIE Working Group on Wildlife Diseases (est. 1996)

• Surveillance and global notification mechanisms for domestic and wildlife diseases (OIE WAHIS and WAHIS-Wild)

• Data sharing at the international level on the collaborative FAO/OIE/WHO GLEWS platform

• Capacity building (e.g. national Delegates and focal points)• Appropriate sampling and diagnostic expertise for domestic

and wild animals9

From: Dr Howard Pharo,, OIE Global Conference on Wildlife Animal Health and Biodiversity Paris (France) 23-25 February 2011

Rabies in Europe• Predominantly sylvatic

• Wildlife account for 80% of animal cases (WHO)

• Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 80% of these

• Raccoon dog in Eastern Europe

• Oral vaccine developed 25 years ago• Highly effective• Aerial distribution• Many European countries now free

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From: Dr Howard Pharo,, OIE Global Conference on Wildlife Animal Health and Biodiversity Paris (France) 23-25 February 2011

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OIE Science-based Standards

Goal: harmonise the measures minimizing risk in the relationships between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans•Reducing risk of disease transmission (including zoonoses) using surveillance, prevention and control methods•Safeguarding biodiversity•Maintaining availability of high-quality protein for consumption•Supporting safe international trade

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Need for Science-based Guidance

• Diagnostic methods for diseases in wildlifeDiagnostic methods for diseases in wildlife• Diagnosis of diseases in wildlife• Testing to support safe legal movement of wild species

• Disease surveillance and management tools relevant to Disease surveillance and management tools relevant to disease in domestic and wild animalsdisease in domestic and wild animals• Outbreak investigations when wildlife are involved• Vaccination of wild species

• Cooperation with stakeholdersCooperation with stakeholders

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The Need to Increase Transparency and Avoid Undue Restrictions on Trade

• Increasing legal trade of wildlife – global movement of animals and animal products

• Differentiating the identification of disease in wildlife from disease in domestic animals• clear guidance when the findings in wildlife do not have

implications for the safe trade of domestic animals and products

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Need To Adapt To The SituationNotification Of Diseases In Wild Animals

Encourage countries to notify wild animal diseases while preventing the negative impact on trade for transparent countries

• Better understanding of disease situation in both domestic and wild animals

• Better risk evaluation and analysis for importing countries

• Less unjustified trade barriers

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Early

war

ning

Mon

itorin

g

New Disease / Infection Unusual epidemiological event

OIE Listed disease Non OIE listed disease

Emerging disease

Immediate notification

Follow-up reports

Six-monthly report on OIE Listed disease / infection

absent or present

Annual report

WAHIS – Secure Access system

Final report

WAHISDatabase

Web

inte

rfac

e

WAHID

must work in parallel with WHO-IHR Agreement

TTRRAANNSSPPAARREENNCCYY

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Annual Wildlife report: WAHIS-WildDivided in two sections:– OIE-listed diseases in wild species

• Already entered in the six-monthly reports

• Automatically transferred into the draft Annual wildlife report

• To be checked, corrected and completed if needed by each OIE national focal point for wildlife

• Changes have to be agreed by the national Delegate

• Data will be displayed on WAHID– Non OIE-listed wildlife diseases

• To be processed by the focal point for wildlife

• Data will be displayed on a specific website

• Many new investments are on-going to capture more details in all wildlife disease events

Obligatory

Voluntary

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Need for Capacity Building

• It is a fundamental responsibility of public and private components of Veterinary Services to protect and improve animal health, including issues related to wildlife and biodiversity

----- and -----

• There is a need to increase the capacity of all countries worldwide to do surveillance, early detection, and initiate appropriate response to outbreaks and spread of diseases in animal including wildlife

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Capacity Building• OIE PVS Pathway

• OIE national focal points on wildlife• To know and interact with wildlife network within a

country• To identify needs for capacity building• To provide expert advice to the OIE Delegate• To ensure the optimal collection of data and the

submission of wildlife disease information• To provide national comments during standard setting

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G20 Ministerial DeclarationMeeting of G20 Agriculture Ministers, June 2011 Action Plan

on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture

(25.) As far as public health, animal health and plant health are concerned, we stress the importance of strengthening international and regional networks, international standard setting taking into account national and regional differences, information, surveillance and traceability systems, good good governance and official services, since theygovernance and official services, since they ensure an early ensure an early detection and a rapid response to biological threats, facilitate detection and a rapid response to biological threats, facilitate tradetrade flows and contribute to global food security flows and contribute to global food security (…)

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G20 Ministerial DeclarationMeeting of G20 Agriculture Ministers, June 2011 Action Plan

on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture

(…) We encourage international organizations, especially FAO, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and WTO to continue their efforts towards enhancing interagency cooperation.

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12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int

Organisation mondialede la santé animale

World Organisationfor Animal Health

Organización Mundialde Sanidad Animal

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