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Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Analiz Algoritması
Prof Dr Meltem Yalınay MD PhD
Gazi Uumlniversitesi Tıp Fakuumlltesi
Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
(Probiyotik ve Prebiyotik Derneği)
19102017
300 sağlıklı insanın 15 farklı vuumlcut boumllgesinden alınan oumlrnekler değerlendirilerek 35 trilyon okumadan oluşan
23 terabayt buumlyuumlkluumlğuumlnde bir metagenomik veri bankası
31000
9271 Bakteri 332 Arkea
183 oumlkaryot
1193 Plazmid
2809 Viruumls
İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi
İnsan Bağırsak Metogenomik Yapısı
Mikroorganizmaları belirlemek
Bireysel farklılıkları goumlstermek
Sağlıkla ilişkisini ortaya koymak
Hastalıklar ile ilişkisini saptamak
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
300 sağlıklı insanın 15 farklı vuumlcut boumllgesinden alınan oumlrnekler değerlendirilerek 35 trilyon okumadan oluşan
23 terabayt buumlyuumlkluumlğuumlnde bir metagenomik veri bankası
31000
9271 Bakteri 332 Arkea
183 oumlkaryot
1193 Plazmid
2809 Viruumls
İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi
İnsan Bağırsak Metogenomik Yapısı
Mikroorganizmaları belirlemek
Bireysel farklılıkları goumlstermek
Sağlıkla ilişkisini ortaya koymak
Hastalıklar ile ilişkisini saptamak
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
31000
9271 Bakteri 332 Arkea
183 oumlkaryot
1193 Plazmid
2809 Viruumls
İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi
İnsan Bağırsak Metogenomik Yapısı
Mikroorganizmaları belirlemek
Bireysel farklılıkları goumlstermek
Sağlıkla ilişkisini ortaya koymak
Hastalıklar ile ilişkisini saptamak
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
9271 Bakteri 332 Arkea
183 oumlkaryot
1193 Plazmid
2809 Viruumls
İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi
İnsan Bağırsak Metogenomik Yapısı
Mikroorganizmaları belirlemek
Bireysel farklılıkları goumlstermek
Sağlıkla ilişkisini ortaya koymak
Hastalıklar ile ilişkisini saptamak
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi
İnsan Bağırsak Metogenomik Yapısı
Mikroorganizmaları belirlemek
Bireysel farklılıkları goumlstermek
Sağlıkla ilişkisini ortaya koymak
Hastalıklar ile ilişkisini saptamak
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Baskın mikrobiyota uumlyeleri
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası bull Bakteri virus archaea mantar
bull Firmicutes 65
ndash Clostridium ndash Enterococcus ndash Lactobacillus ndash Ruminococcus
bull Bacteroidetes 15 ndash Bacteriodes ndash Prevotella
bull Actinobacteria ndash Bifidobacterium
bull Proteobacteria ndash Helicobacter ndash Escherichia
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia mucinophila (Verromicrobia)
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Mikroskobi
Kuumlltuumlr
Kuumlltuumlre Dayalı Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Kuumlltuumlr Bağımsız Molekuumller Youmlntemler
Dizi Analizi
Yeni Nesil Dizileme Biyoinformatik
Analiz
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyota Analiz Youmlntemleri
Gaita DNA
İzolasyonu
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyom Analiz Youmlntemleri
1 Hibridizasyon
2 Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
(qPCR ile 16S rRNA kantitasyonu)
3 DNA parmak izi analizleri (DNA fingerprinting)
1 Denaturating gradient jel elektroforezi
2 SSCP
3 T-RFLP
4 Gen kuumltuumlphanesi oluşturulması ve dizi analizi
Amplifikasyon uumlruumlnlerinin plazmid aracılığı ile transformasyonu dizi analizi
5 Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qPCR)
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Dışkı oumlrneklerinden qPCR analizleri
Dışkı oumlrnekleri
200 mg Ekstraksiyon Nanodrop Oumllccediluumlm
Roche LightCycler 20
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Metagenom analizi - Yeni nesil dizileme
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
tuumlm genom
kuumltuumlphane oluşturulması
ve adaptoumlr molekuumlllerin
eklenmesi
bağlanma koumlpruuml PCR denatuumlrasyon
Genome Analyzer illumina
Klonal ccediloğalma ve
kuumlmelerin oluşması
DNA pol
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
T T G
T G C
T G C T
T G C T A
Genome Analyzer illumina
Yıkama ve
3rsquo OH
ucunun
yeniden
accedilılması
bull Nuumlkleotidlerin 3rsquo OH uccedilları kimyasal olarak kapatılmış olduğundan zincir
sonlanmasına neden olur
T G
Yıkama
C
Yıkama
T
Yıkama
A
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyom Analizi Akış Şeması
Ccedilalışma Tasarımı
DNA izolasyonu
Amplikon kuumltuumlphanesi
Sekans
Oumln işlemler
Taksa atanması
Alfa Beta vs
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
16S rRNA Amplikon Sekanslama
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyal filogenetik ccedileşitlilik oldukccedila fazladır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Mikrobiyom verisine yaklaşım
Filogenetik -Genetik ccedileşitlilik
-İki populasyonun birbirinden uzaklığı
Taksonomik -Bilinen mikroorganizmalar ile
eşleşme
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Alfa ve Beta Ccedileşitlilik (Uzaklık) Oumllccediluumlleri
Mikrobiyom toplulukları iccedilerisinde ve birbirleri arasındaki uzaklığı oumllccedilmek iccedilin
kullanılan metriklerdir
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Alfa ccedileşitlilik vs Beta ccedileşitlilik
bull Oumlrneğin kendi iccedilerisindeki farklılık
ndash Zenginlik(richness)-farklı OTUrsquoların sayısı
ndash Dağılım- (Evenness)-farklı OTUrsquoların dağılımı
ndash Filogenetik ccedileşitlilik (pd_whole_tree)
bull Oumlrnekler arasındaki benzerlik derecesi (uzaklık)
bull Kullanılan metrikler
ndash Unweighted UniFrac - OTUrsquoların varlığı ve filogeni
ndash Weighted UniFrac ndash OTUrsquoların baskınlığı ve filogeni
Shan
no
n
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Bioresour Technol 2015 Sep192735-40 doi 101016jbiortech201505086 Epub 2015 Jun 9 Use of PCR-DGGE based molecular methods to assessment of microbial diversity during anaerobic treatment of antibiotic combinations Aydin S1 Shahi A2 Ozbayram EG2 Ince B3 Ince O2 Author information Abstract As it is currently often not know how anaerobic bioreactors eg for biogas production react if the substrate is contaminated by toxic compounds like antibiotics This study evaluated how anaerobic sequencing batch reactors were affected by amendments of different antibiotics and stepwise increasing concentrations The compositions of microbial community were determined in the seed sludge using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and PCR-DGGE analyses were used for the detection of microbial community changes upon antibiotics additions According to PCR-DGGE results the syntrophic interaction of acetogens and methanogens is critical to the performance of the reactors Failure to maintain the stability of these microorganisms resulted in a decrease in the performance and stability of the anaerobic reactors Assessment of DGGE data is also useful for suggesting the potential to control ultimate microbial community structure especially derived from Gram-negative bacteria through bioaugmentation to successful for antibiotic biodegradation Copyright copy 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Int J Food Microbiol 2012 Feb 15153(3)428-35 doi 101016jijfoodmicro201112008 Epub 2011 Dec 13
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk Kesmen Z1 Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H Abstract In this study the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage On the one hand the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples On the other hand rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified and Lactobacillus sakei Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb sakei Lactobacillus plantarum Lb curvatus Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius However Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera Again Lactococcus piscium Weissella halotolerans Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentansStaphylococcus condimentiStaphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb plantarum Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method In the results it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 May58(3)201-10 doi 101007s12223-012-0199-1 Epub 2012 Oct 4
Culturable bacterial microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains Demirci M1 Sevim E Demir İ Sevim A Author information Abstract Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting 1781) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow poplar and hazelnut In order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against P versicolora larvae and adults We were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults The isolates were characterized using a combination of morphological biochemical and physiological methods Additionally we sequenced the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to verify conventional identification results Based on characterization studies the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp Pv1 Rahnella sp Pv2 Rahnella sp Pv3 Rahnella sp Pv4 Rahnella sp Pv5 Pantoea agglomerans Pv6 Staphylococcus sp Pv7 Micrococcus luteus Pv8 and Rahnella sp Pv9 The highest insecticidal activity against larvae and adults was obtained from M luteus Pv8 with 50 and 40 mortalities within 10 days after treatment respectively Extracellular enzyme activity of the bacterial isolates such as amylase proteinase lipase cellulose and chitinase was also determined Consequently our results show that M luteus Pv8 might be a good candidate as a possible microbial control agent against P versicolora and were discussed with respect to biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 Mar56(3)328-32 doi 101097MPG0b013e31827a964b Breast milk jaundice effect of bacteria present in breast milk and infant feces Tuzun F1 Kumral A Duman N Ozkan H Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE Breast milk is an important source of bacteria in establishing the infantile intestinal microbiota that appear to influence the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breast milks microbiological content on the development of breast milk jaundice (BMJ) METHODS A total number of 60 mother-infant pairs enrolled to the study Two groups were defined BMJ group (n=30) full-term otherwise healthy newborns who were considered BMJ control group (n=30) full-term healthy newborns without jaundice All newborns in the study were exclusively breast-fed The breast milk samples and the feces of infants were evaluated for content of selected bacterial populations (Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Clostridium Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species) with real-time polymerase chain reaction RESULTS Bifidobacterium bifidum content in the breast milk and B adolescentis B bifidum and B longum content in the fecal samples were higher in the control group than in the BMJ group The milk and fecal concentrations of B bifidum were significantly correlated The concentrations of breast milk B bifidum and fecal B bifidum B adolescentis and B longum were found to be negatively correlated with bilirubin levels CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium species in breast milk may protect against BMJ
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalar ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde Bağırsak
Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Erdogdu C Yalinay M Karakan T Battaglia T Blaser MJ
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Hipotez ndash Araştırma sorusu bull NAFLD ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bağırsak
mikrobiyotası iccedilerik ve yapı bakımından farklıdır
ndash Mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik iki grupta farklı mı
ndash Mikrobiyota yapısı karaciğer hasarının şiddetine goumlre değişiyor mu
ndash Hastalık ve sağlığa etkisi olan spesifik gruplar hangileri
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Metod
bull NAFLD - biyopsi ile doğrulanmış hastalar
ge18 yaşında olan artmış serum aminotransferaz seviyeleri goumlzlenen alkol tuumlketimi lt20 grhafta olan son 6 ay iccedilerisinde herhangi bir kortikosteroid antibiyotik prebiyotik probiyotik
tedavisi almamış olan eş zamanlı başka bir hastalığı olmayan hastalar dahil edilmiştir
bull Fibrozis skoru bull F0-F1 orta dereceli fibrozis bull F2 şiddetli fibrozis
bull 16S gen kuumltuumlphanesi-Illumina Miseq sekans
NAFLD (n=43) KONTROL (n=23)
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Gruplararası alfa ccedileşitlilik (goumlzlenen OTU- operasyonel taksonomik uumlnitedağılım)
F0-F1
F2
Kontrol
Hasta
Alfa Ccedileşitlilik (Alpha Diversity) Bir mikrobiyom verisinde hangi tuumlr canlılar vardır ve ne kadarı oumllccedilmek iccedilin kullanılır Yani bir oumlrnek kendi iccedilinde ne kadar farklıdır sorusuna cevap verir
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda beta ccedileşitlilik
Kontrol (n=23)
NAFLD (n=43)
P=0004 method ANOSIM
Beta ccedileşitlilik (Beta Diversity) Oumlrneklerin birbirinden ne kadar farklı olduğuna cevap verir Oumlrnekler arasında karşılaştırma yapar Oumlrnekteki genel değişimi oumllccediler
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Fibrozis derecelerine goumlre beta ccedileşitlilik
F0-F1 (mild fibrosis) n=23
F2 (severe fibrosis) n=20
P=0005 method ANOSIM
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
NAFLD ve kontrol grubunda relatif dağılımlar
Kontrol NAFLD
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
NAFLD ve kontrol grubuna anlamlı olarak etki eden bakteri grupları
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Ceren Erdoğdu Meltem Yalınay Tarkan Karakan Thomas Battaglia Martin J Blaser
Nonalkolik Karaciğer Yağlanması Olan Hastalarda Barsak Mikrobiyotasının Yeni Nesil Dizi
Analizi İle Karşılaştırılması
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Oumlrnek rapor
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında homeostazis-disbiyozis durumu
bull Potansiyel endotoksemi
bull Obezite karaciğer yağlanması gibi ccedileşitli metabolik hastalıklara yatkınlık
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Kantitatif PCR (qPCR)
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Bağırsak Metagenom Analizi
bull Bağırsak mikrobiyota profilinin 16S rRNA V3 ve V4 boumllgesi
amplikon kuumltuumlphanelerinin oluşturulması ile ortaya konulması
bull Mikrobiyal popuumllasyon
bull
bull Tuumlm mikrobiyota analizleri mikrobiyal ccedileşitlilik relatif taksa dağılımlarını belirlenmesi
bull Hastada olası disbiyozis durumu
bull Metabolik hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş bakteriyel grupların baskınlığı veya sağlıklı mikrobiyota uumlyelerinin yeterliliği konusunda veriler
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Yorum Mikrobiyotanızın iccedilerik olarak (filogenetik ccedileşitlilik) dağılımı genel anlamda sağlıklı toplama goumlre farklılıklar iccedilermektedir
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Yorum Genel popuumllasyona bakıldığında mikrobiyota ana paneline benzer şekilde bulunan sonuca goumlre obezite ile ilişkili BacteroidetesFirmicutes oranınız duumlşuumlk bulunmuştur
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
Total of 52 NAFLD subjects and 38 healthy controls were included Within the NAFLD group 46 of the patients were diagnosed with NASH by biopsy according to the Brunt criteria NASH patients classified into two groups according to the fibrosis degree as follows F0-F1 mild fibrosis (n=23) F2 significant fibrosis (n=23) Stool and blood samples were collected at the same day Quantification of the fecal microbiota was performed by Real-Time PCR Specific primers used to determine Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bacteroides fragilis group Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp and Enterobacteriaceae In addition to the routine biochemical tests inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) hs-CRP levels and endotoxin levels were also determined in serum Standard statistical methods were used for the calculation of means and standard deviations Independent t-test was used in order to compare continuous variables For categorical variables chi-square test was used Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to adjust for the variables that are significant between the groups A p value of lt 005 was used to establish significance
p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test Figure 1 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls
FRIDAY-662 Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Characteristic
Patients
(n=52)
MeanplusmnSD
Control
(n=38)
MeanplusmnSD
p
Male () 478 324 0100
Age (years) 48 plusmn 12 36 plusmn 10 lt0001
BMI (kgm2) 29 plusmn 4 22 plusmn 2 lt0001
Waist circumference [46] 94 plusmn 9 83 plusmn 6 0001
ALT (UL) 50 plusmn 41 20 plusmn 11 lt0001
AST (UL) 36 plusmn 18 21 plusmn 4 lt0001
ALP (UL) 105 plusmn 38 62 plusmn 18 lt0001
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 202 plusmn 43 207 plusmn 43 0613
HDL (mgdL) 45 plusmn 9 57 plusmn 10 lt0001
LDL (mgdL) 127 plusmn 39 140 plusmn 38 0065
Triglyceride (mgdL) 184 plusmn 80 96 plusmn 46 lt0001
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 102 plusmn 22 87 plusmn 12 lt0001
Table 1 Demographic and Laboratory Results of the Participants
Abstract In the whole study group decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila (954plusmn192 vs 1086plusmn214 log 10gr feces p=0003) and B fragilis group (671plusmn138 vs 781plusmn150 log 10gr feces p=0001) were observed Patient group has increased levels of Enterobacteriaceae (803plusmn114 vs 689plusmn112 log 10gr feces plt0001) After adjusting for BMI and age B fragilis group was no longer significant NASH subgroup were evaluated according to the fibrosis stage F2 fibrosis stage had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae levels as compared to F0-F1 fibrosis stage (plt0001) Supporting the finding of increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patient group serum endotoxin levels were also significantly elevated as compared to the controls (plt0001) Patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP levels (012plusmn002 mgdL vs 037plusmn006 mgdL plt0001) which is a promising marker of inflammation in patients with NAFLD
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us sp
p
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae
0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
Control
Patient
A m
ucinip
hilia
F pra
usnitzii
Lacto
bacill
us spp
Bifi
dobacte
rium
spp
B f
ragili
s gro
up
Entero
bacte
riace
ae0
5
10
15
log
10
gr
fec
es
F0-F1
F2
Background The effect of the gut microbiota on several diseases is becoming increasingly important issue Since there is a close relationship between gut and liver via portal vein the liver is consistently exposed to bacterial products such as endotoxin The composition and quantification of microbiota members may be important for gut dysbiosis and subsequent bacterial translocation which may be the major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) In order to support this hyphothesis we performed qPCR analysis in stool of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls Methods The stool samples from 52 patients with NAFLD and 38 healthy controls have been collected NAFLD has been proven by biopsy in 46 of the patients 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group and Enterobacteriaceae Serum IL-6 TNF-α hs-CRP and endotoxin levels were assessed Results A muciniphila and B fragilis group were found significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (p=0003 and p=0001 respectively) As expected the Enterobacteriaceae family members were found to be significantly higher in patients group (plt0001) In consistent with the higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance in NAFLD patients elevated serum endotoxin levels were also determined TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly different however patients have 3 fold higher hs-CRP which is a well-known marker of inflammation Multiple regression analysis has performed in order to adjust for BMI and gender A still significantly lower and Enterobacteriaceae levels were significantly higher in patients group after adjusting for BMI and gender (p=00221 p=00186 respectively) Conclusion NAFLD patients were characterized with higher Enterobacteriaceae levels lower A muciniphila and B fragilis group levels in our study cohort Elevated endotoxin levels and inflammation are also supporting our hypothesis
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test except male which was determined by chi square test
Figure 2 Comparison of log10gram wet feces levels of bacterial groups between fibrosis stages in patients diagnosed with NASH
Figure 3 Serum levels of endotoxin (A) hs-CRP (B) TNF-α (C) and IL-6 (D) between patients and controls
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-20
0
20
40
60
EU
mL
Control
Patient
Endotoxin
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
TNF-alpha
pg
mL
Control
Patient
Contr
ol
Patie
nt-05
00
05
10
15
20
mg
dL
hs-CRP
Contr
ol
Patie
nt0
20
40
60
80
IL-6
pg
mL
Control
Patient
BA
C D
bull Patients with NAFLD has significantly decreased fecal A muciniphila levels and increased Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Within the NASH subgroup patients with significant fibrosis (Fge2) has significantly higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae levels suggesting that the different fibrosis stages of NASH should be considered in future studies
bull Elevated serum endotoxin levels were observed in the patient group in accordance with the higher Enterobacteriaceae levels
bull Serum hs-CRP levels found to be higher in patients group while no difference was observed in terms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Results
Methods
Conclusions
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group
Abundance After Islamic Fasting
Ceren Erdogdu1 Meltem Yalinay Cirak2 Tarkan Karakan3
Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Clinical Microbiology Ankara Turkey
Gazi University Medical Faculty Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Ankara Turkey
FRIDAY Hacettepe University cerenozkulhacettepeedutr
Table 2 Laboratory Data of the participants measured before and after Islamic fasting
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity is often associated with the changes in microbiota composition and quantity It has been well known that dietary habits also effects intestinal microbiota Here we hypothesized that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition Total of 9 subjects were included in this study during Ramadan between the dates June 18 and July 16 2015 which was approximately 17 hours of fasting per day during a 29 day period Method The stool samples from 9 volunteers were collected the day before the beginning of Islamic fasting and the day end of the Ramadan 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performed for quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Bifidobacterium spp Lactobacillus spp Bacteroides fragilis group Enterobacteriaceae Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters The before and after Islamic fasting results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test Results All of the subjects were normal weight according to the calculated BMI The overall bacterial count did not significantly change over time in none of the subjects However significantly increased abundance of A muciniphila and B fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline levels (p=00039 and 00078 respectively) Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in all subjects is also significantly reduced in all of the subjects (plt001 and p=0009 respectively) Conclusion Islamic fasting which has been approximately 17 hours of fasting for each day lead to a change in microbiota members
BMIBody mass index ALTAlanine transaminase ASTaspartate aminotransferase ALPalkaline phosphatase HDLhigh-density lipoprotein LDLlow-density lipoprotein p values were determined by t-test
Figure 2 Quantities of fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members for each participant determined at baseline and after the end of Islamic fasting Data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test p values for A muciniphila and B fragilis group is 00039 and 00078 respectively
bull Ramadan fasting is an excellent model of how long-term fasting may affect the microbiota composition
bull Significantly lower fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were determined at the end of the Islamic fasting when compared to the baseline values
bull Significantly higher fecal A muciniphila and B fragilis group members were determined in the study participants who fasted for an average of 17 hours during Ramadan
bull This early results suggest that long-term fasting may have a distinct effect on microbiota composition Metagenomic approaches should be performed in order to better understand the effect of fasting on microbiota composition
bull
A mucin
iphila
F pra
usnitzii
Lactobacill
us spp
Bifidobacte
rium
spp
B fra
gilis g
roup
Entero
bacteria
ceae0
5
10
15
log1
0gr
fec
es
BF
AF
Characteristic
Before Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
After Fasting
(n=9)
MeanplusmnSD
p
BMI (kgm2) 229 plusmn 11 228 plusmn 11 0810
Waist circumference (19) 830 plusmn 52 824 plusmn 56 0821
ALT (UL) 246 plusmn 124 256 plusmn 112 0868
AST (UL) 228 plusmn 48 233 plusmn 48 0837
ALP (UL) 793 plusmn 228 779 plusmn 226 0904
Total cholesterol (mgdL) 2315 plusmn 622 2175 plusmn 579 0009
HDL (mgdL) 529 plusmn 117 520 plusmn 103 0876
LDL (mgdL) 1574 plusmn 510 1546 plusmn 486 0914
Triglyceride (mgdL) 1105 plusmn 529 1064 plusmn 536 0879
Glucose (fasting mgdL) 878 plusmn 208 738 plusmn 158 0006
Bacterium Standard strain Primer Seq (5rsquo-3rsquo) bp Primer Annealing
(oC) Tm
Bifidobacterium
spp
B breve ATCC
15700
CTCCTGGAAACGGGTGG 550
g-Bifid-F 56 90
GGTGTTCTTCCCGATATCTACA g-Bifid-R
B fragilis group B fragilis ATCC
25285
ATAGCCTTTCGAAAGRAAGAT
495
g-Bfra-F
50 86 CCAGTATCAACTGCAATTTTA g-Bfra-R
Lactobacillus spp L acidophilus
ATCC 4356
AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA 341
Lact-F 55 86
CACCGCTACACATGGAG Lact-R
Amuciniphila Amuciniphila
ATCC BAA-835
CAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGAC
327
AM-1
60 90 CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT AM-2
F prausnitzii F prausnitzii
ATCC 27766
GATGGCCTCGCGTCCGATTAG 199
Fprau223F 60 88
CCGAAGACCTTCTTCCTCC Fprau420R
Enterobacteriaceae E coli ATCC
25922
CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC
195
Eco1457F
63 87 CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC Eco1652R
Table 1 Specific primers used to determine 16S rRNA region of the bacteria and standard strains used to construction of PCR standards
Before IF After IF0
5
10
15
A muciniphila
log
10
gr
fec
es
Before IF After IF0
2
4
6
8
10
B fragilis
log
10
gr
fec
es
Results
Methods Conclusions
Figure 1 Log10gr wet feces level means measured before Islamic fasting (baseline) and after Islamic fasting BF Before fasting AF After fasting
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Helicobacter pylori Tedavisinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Uumlzerine Etkisi
Serap Suumlzuumlk1 Meltem Yalınay2 Tarkan Karakan3
1 THSK Mikrobiyoloji referans Laboratuvarı DB 2 GUumlTF Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı
3 GUumlTF Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı
3 KLİMUD Kongresi Antalya 19-22 Kasım 2015
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Ceren Oumlzkul
Serap Suumlzuumlk
Berrin Oumlztuumlrk
Martin Blaser
Tarkan Karakan
Meltem Yalınay
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır
Sonuccedil
Kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tuumlr duumlzeyinde guumlvenilir sonuccedil verir
Metagenomik youmlntemler
mikrobiyom ccedilalışmaları iccedilin altın standarttır