Nuclear RNA polymerase II Transcript Modifying Enzymespr

e-m

RNA

Proc

essi

ng

5’ capping

m7G5’pppm6N1.....

SAM

SAH

pppN.....

ppN.....

G5’pppN.....

m7G5’pppN.....

Pi

GTP

PPi

SAM

SAH

m7G cap3’ end processing

AAUAAAUGUA CS G/U-rich

CPSF73CPSF

CFIm CstF

AAUAAAUGUA CS

G/U-rich

CPSF73CPSF

CFIm

AAUAAAUGUA

CPSF73CPSF

CFImAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ATP

PPi

PAP

CPSF73

PAPαPAPγTUT1

cleavage/polyadenylation histone 3’ processing

NNNPy

Py

SLBP

U7

CPSF73

CPSF100

Symplekin

NNN

N N N

SLBP ERI1

SLBP

CPSF73

ERI1

3’box

CPSF73LIntegrator

3’box

CPSF73L

?

integrator processing RNase P

RNaseP

RNaseZ

CCA-addingenzymeTRNT1

CCAmascRNA

AAAUUUUUU

AGGUexon1 exon2A

U2

U5U6

U6 U4U5

U2AFAGGUexon1 exon2A

U2U1

U1

U4U2AF

U2AFAGGUexon1 exon2A

U1

U5AGGUexon1 exon2

U6A

U2

AG

UGA exon1 exon2

U5AGexon1 exon2

U6A

U2

splicing

major spliceosome circle by splicing....circle.... GUAGA

circle

....circle....

UGA AG

UGA AG

exon1 AU // AC exon2exon1 GU // AG exon2

U1

spliceosomemajor minor

U5

U6 U6atac

U4

U2

U11

U5

U4atac

U12

lncRNA

AAAUUUUUU

U6 snRNA

U6 snRNA

m7G5’ppp....

TMG cap

m7G5’pppm6N1m6N

2.....

SAM

SAH

TGS1

m3

2,2,7G5’ppp.....

SAM

SAH

CMTR1

CMTR2

bifunctionalcappingenzymeRNGTT

RNMT

nucl

eus

eRNA eRNA

?CPSF73 ?CPSF73

nuc. exosome

CPSF73L

gene 3’ end

sn(o)RNA

3’ trimming

snRNA

2’O-methylation &pseudouridylation

in Cajal bodies

FBL of C/D box scaRNPs (2’O-me)DKC1 of H/ACA scaRNPs (pseudoU)

snoRNA

cap trimethylationin Cajal bodies

to nucleolusTGS1

sn(o)RNA generead-through

histone generead-through

CPSF73

gene 3’ end

ERI1

miRNA

DGCR8 DROSHA

DGCR8 DROSHA

CPSF73PAP

AAAAAA

PAPD5

ADARI

A

A

?

lnc RNAs

post-transcriptionalsplicing

nuclear decay

nuclear retention

AAAAAA

AAAAAA

RNA methylationRNA demethylation

METTL3METTL14

FTO;ALKBH5m6A

A

RNA editing ADAR

APOBEC

I

A

U

C

DXO; XRN2nuc. exosome

mRNA

histone mRNA

cleavagesplicing XRN2

PROMPT

capping

CPSF73 RNGTTRNMT

mRNA (some intron-containing lncRNA)

polyadenylation

CPSF73

PAP

intronicsnoRNA

mirtron

tailedmirtron

?XRN2 ? nuc. exosome ?endonucleases

XRN2nuc. exosome

endonucleases? ?

DBR1

intron

AAA

see snRNA, snoRNA

PAPD5

PARN

TO CYTOPLASM

cap-trimethylationin cytoplasm

TO CYTOPLASM

TO CYTOPLASM

TO CYTOPLASMsee miRNA

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Schmid M, Jensen TH (2014). SnapShot: nuclear RNAPII transcript modification. Cell. 157:1244, which has been published in final form by Cell Press. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.003