Nuclear Data Sheets Symbols and Abbreviations

A mass number∗, A = Z + NA2, A4 coefficients of Legendre polynomials in

angular-correlation or angular-distributionmeasurement

av averageB(EL), B(ML) reduced EL, ML transition probability in

e2 × (barn)L, μ2N × (barn)L−1

calc, CA calculated, calculationCCBA coupled-channel Born approximationce conversion electronchem chemical separationcirc circularc.m. center of masscoef coefficientcoin coincidenceCoul. ex. Coulomb excitationCP circular polarizationcryst crystal-diffraction spectrometerC2S, C2S′ one-nucleon spectroscopic strength for pickup,

stripping reactionsd dayD dipoleDSA Doppler shift attenuationDWBA distorted-wave Born approximationDWIA distorted-wave impulse approximationE energyE(ε) energy of electron-capture transition (endpoint of

γ-continuum + K-electron separation energy ofdaughter)

E1, E2, EL electric dipole, quadrupole, 2L-poleexcit excitation functionexpt experiment, experimentalF fissionF-K Fermi–Kurie (plot)FWHM energy resolution, full width at half maximumg gyromagnetic ratio∗GDR giant dipole resonanceGQR giant quadrupole resonanceg.s. ground stateh hourH magnetic fieldHF hindrance factorhfs hyperfine structureHI heavy ionI intensityIAR isobaric analog resonanceIAS isobaric analog stateIBS internal bremsstrahlung spectrumIMPAC ion implantation perturbed angular correlation

techniqueinel inelasticion chem chemical separation by ion exchangeIT isomeric transitionJ total angular momentum quantum number∗K projection of nuclear angular momentum J on

nuclear symmetry axisK, L, M K-, L-, M-shell internal conversionK/L K-, L-conversion electron ratioL (1) orbital angular momentum quantum number∗,

(2) multipolarityL(n), L(p) L-transfer in neutron, proton transfer reactionmin minuteM+ M + N + O + · · ·M1, M2, ML magnetic dipole, quadrupole, 2L-polemag spect magnetic spectrometermax maximumMoss Mossbauer effectms (1) mass spectrometer, (2) millisecondmult multipolarity/characterN neutron number∗, N = A − ZNMR, NQR nuclear magnetic, quadrupole resonancenorm normalizationPAC perturbed angular correlationpc proportional counterp,γ(θ) angular distribution of γ-rays with respect to a

proton beamp,γ(t) time distribution of photons with respect to a

pulsed proton beam

pol polarized, polarizationpriv comm private communicationPWBA plane-wave Born approximationQ (1) reaction energy∗, (2) disintegration energy∗,

(3) quadrupole moment*, in units of barns,(4) quadrupole

Q(ε) total disintegration energy in ε decayQ(β−) total disintegration energy in β− decayQ(α) total disintegration energy in α decay, E(α) + E(recoil)R roA1/3, nuclear radius∗RDM recoil distance measurementRUL recommended upper limit for γ-ray strengthrel relativeres resonances secondS spectroscopic factorS′ [(2Jf + 1)/(2Ji + 1)]SS(n) or Sn, energy necessary to separate aS(p) or Sp neutron, proton from nucleusscatt scatteringscin scintillation countersemi semiconductor detectorSF spontaneous fissionspall spallationsr steradiansyst, SY systematicst tritonT (1) isobaric spin, (2) temperatureTz Z-component of isobaric spin, (N − Z)/2T1/2 half-life∗th thermalthresh thresholdtof time-of-flight measurementvib vibrationalW.u. Weisskopf single-particle transition speedy yearZ atomic number∗, Z = A − Nα total γ-ray internal conversion coefficient N(ce)/N(γ)∗α(K), α(L) γ ray internal conversion coefficient for electrons

ejected from the K-, L-shellαγ,βγ,γγ, coincidences of α’s and γ’s, β’s and γ’s, γ’s and

γ’sαγ(θ,H, t),

βγ(θ,H, t),γγ(θ,H, t)

αγ-, βγ-, γγ-coincidences as function of angle,magnetic field, time

β2,β3,βL quadrupole, octupole, 2L-pole nuclear deformationparameter

βγ(pol), polarization correlation of γ’sγγ(pol) in coincidence with β’s, γ’s�,�(γ), �(n) level width∗, partial width for γ-, n-emissionγ(θ,H,T) γ-intensity as function of angle, magnetic field,

temperatureγ± annihilation radiationδ ratio of reduced matrix elements of (L + 1)- to

L-pole radiation with sign convention of Kraneand Steffen, Phys. Rev. C2, 724 (1970)

ε electron captureεK, εL, εM electron capture from K-, L-, M-shellε(γ)B(E2), partial B(E2) for photon,ε(ce)B(E2) conversion electron detectionθ indicates angular dependenceλ (1) projection of particle angular momentum on

nuclear symmetry axis, (2) radiation type, e.g.,M1,M2, . . .

μ magnetic moment of particle∗, given in nuclearmagnetons (μn)

v neutron shell-model configurationπ parity, proton shell-model configurationσ cross section∗�(γγ) coincidence summing of γ-raysω(K), ω(L) K, average-L fluorescence yield%α percent α branching from level%β− percent β− branching from level%β+ percent β+ branching from level%ε percent ε branching from level%IT percent (γ+ ce) branching from level%SF percent spontaneous fission from level〈r2〉 root-mean-square of nuclear radius

Prefixes∗

T tera (= 1012) μ micro (= 10−6)

G giga (= 109) n nano (= 10−9)

M mega (= 106) p pico (= 10−12)

k kilo (= 103) f femto (= 10−15)

c centi (= 10−2) a atto (= 10−18)

m milli (= 10−3)

Symbols forparticles and quanta∗

n neutron π pionp proton μ muond deuteron e electront triton v neutrinoα α-particle γ photon

∗ Recommended by Commission on Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature of International Union of Pure and Applied Physics