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7/24/2015
1
Disclosure
• I have nothing to disclose.
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Objectives
• Describe drug therapy contraindications during NSTE‐ACS
• Discuss new anti‐platelet drug therapy recommendations in treatment of NSTE‐ACS
• Compare and Contrast new NSTE‐ACS guidelines with older versions
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NSTE‐ACS‐ACS GUIDELINE UPDATE 2014
CABG 2011
PCI 2011
STEMI Update 2013
NSTE‐ACS 2014
focused update 2012
UA/NSTEMI MI guideline 2007
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NSTE‐ACS
~ 720,000 number annually
70% All ACS
3.7 % In‐hospital mortality
7‐13% Requiring CABG Same admission
33% Requiring CABG occur within 48 h
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Patient Case 1
55 YOF
CC: new onset crushing pain in chest worse on exertion
12 lead ECG (within 10 mins): WNL
PE: no murmers, no evidence of HF*
SH: (‐) ETOH, (‐) smoking
Serial Troponins: 0.02, 0.11, 0.018HR 70, BP 130/70, O2 sats 98%
7 8
Cardiac Biomarkers of ACS
Troponin I or T should be measured at presentation
3 to 6 hours after symptom onset to identify rising/falling pattern
No benefit for CK‐MB for diagnosis in presence of Troponin assays
Re‐measure troponins day 3 or 4 to assess infarct size
BNP may offer additional prognostic info
1A
III A
IIb B
Ilb B
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Patient Case 1
Home medications:
Ibuprofen 200 mg po qid prn pain (2/day)
Estradiol 1 mg po daily
Progesterone 200 mg po hs
Risk Stratification
TIMI = 1 (low risk)
GRACE score < 109
Patient admitted to in‐patient telemetry
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Goals of Therapy
Immediate relief of ischemia
Prevention of progression to STEMI
Decreased mortality
Restore patient to baseline level of functioning
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Early Hospital Care (All patients)
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Patient Case
Oxygen prn O2 Sat less than 90 % or hypoxemia
Nitroglycerin SL or IV relief of ischemia
Morphine 2.5 mg IV q 15 minutes prn CP
Carvedilol 3.25 mg po BID
Rosuvastatin 20 mg po daily
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In‐patient Home Meds
DC Ibuprofen (do not continue)
DC estradiol/progesterone
(do not continue) in critical situation
Post hospitalization (relative contraindication)
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IIIB
III A
Therapy OptionsRisk Stratified by Timing
Ischemic Guided (new term)
Immediate Invasive
< 2 hours
Early Invasive
< 24 hours
Delayed Invasive
25‐72 hours
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Formerly Conservative Management
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Rationale: low risk patients conditions may only require drug therapyAdvantage: avoid routine/unnecessary invasive procedures (reduced risk)Disadvantage: may delay angiography and PCI/CABG when needed
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162 mg
81-325 mg in errata; 81-162 mg correct
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Case 1
Enoxaparin 1 mg / kg SC q 12 h
ASA 325 mg po x 1
ASA 81 mg po hosp day 2 indefinitely +
Clopidogrel 75 mg po daily x 12 months
OR ticagrelor 90 mg po bid x 12 months*
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Patient Case 1
Patient in hospital 12 hours post symptoms
CP increases
ECG: T wave deviation (non elevation)
Increased serial troponins
Patient TIMI score
STAT cardiologist call
Culprit lesion on angiography
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Patient Case: PCI
BUN/Cr = 14/0.8; Calc Cr Cl > 100 mL/min
Eptifibatide 180 mcg IV bolus x 1
Eptifibatide 2 mcg/kg/min
Ticagelor 180 mg po x 1 over clopidogrel IIa B
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Case 2
43 YOM via EMS to ED at 3:45 AM
CC: random onset chest pain
SOB/Fatigue on exertion
Neck and jaw pain increased severity over past 2 weeks now intolerable
PMH: CAD, HTN
SH: (+) tobacco 1 PPD x 30 years
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Home Medications
Metoprolol succinate 100 mg po daily
NTG 0.4 SL (patient taken > 10 / day)
Isosorbide mononitrate ER 60mg po daily
Lisinopril 20 mg bid
Aspirin 325 mg Chew x 1
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Case 2
HR 120, SBP 135/90
Troponins: 0.05, 0.11, 0.39
CK‐MB: 2.2 WNL
ECG: ST depression
Urgent beside ECHO:
30% EF, no valve disease
Stat CT (‐) PE, (‐) emphysema
Angiogram: multi‐vessel lesions
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Rationale: high risk patients need immediate Advantage: reduction in morbidity and mortality in high risk patients; facilitation of earlier discharge
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600 mg
Anti‐Platelet Drug Study
Triton‐TIMI ‐38
Prior guidelines
Prasugrel avoided in patients:
Age > 75
Stroke/TIA
< 60 kg
Trilogy‐ACS
Updated
Post Hoc findings
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AbciximabEptifibatide double bolusHigh dose Tirofiban
GPI Class I Level A
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Rationale: Low or Intermediate risk patients Advantage: Avoid using resources that high risk patients may really needDisadvantage: May become unstable and high risk
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Rationale: May be safer to re-vascularize once plaque stableAdvantage: Less plaque rupture ????? Disadvantage: May delay discharge (increase LOS)
Late Hospital Care
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Secondary Prevention
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Patient Discharge Meds
Carvedilol 3.25 mg po BID titration (BB)
Rosuvastatin 20 mg po daily (Statin)
ASA 81 mg po hosp day 2 indefinitely + (DAPT)
Clopidogrel 75 mg po daily x 12 months
OR ticagrelor 90 mg po bid x 12 months
Pneumococcal vaccine – 23 valent IM x 1
Level B
Annual Flu vaccine IM x 1 during flu season
Level C 45 46
Considerations In Special Populations
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Cocaine and Methamphetamine Users
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Heart Failure
Evaluate and treat underlying CHF with ACEI or ARB (not both)*
Reduced EF versus Preserved EF
ACEI or ARB
Aldosterone Antagonists
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DAPT and NOAC Caveats
No role for NOAC + DAPT for NSTEM –ACS treatment
No role for NOAC + DAPT for secondary prevention for NSTE‐ACS
DAPT and OAC (triple therapy
best avoided)
When can’t be avoided due to co‐morbidity
limit duration when possible
If VKA and DAPT and history GIB
use PPI
1 C
1C
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Ongoing Controversies
Platelet function testing
Safety of Stimulant Medication in CV disease
Optimal Timing of Angiography
New Role for Omega‐3 fatty acids to protect damaged heart
Optimal duration of DAPT
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Resources
Copay reducing cards
Free 1 month supply regardless of medicare/medicaid
www.brilinta.com
www.effient.com
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Core Measures
2015
AMI‐ 1 ASA on arrival
AMI‐3 ACEI or ARB for HRrEF
AMI‐5 Beta Blocker Prescribed at Discharge
Removed 2015
AMI‐2 ASA prescribed at D/C
AMI‐10 Statin prescribed at D/C
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References
Amsterdam EA et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Non‐ST‐Evaluation Acute Coronary Syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139‐228.
Roe M. et al the TRILOGY‐ACS investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization. N Engl J Med 2012;367(14):1297‐309.
Wiviott SD et al. Efficacy and safety of intensive antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel from TRITON‐TIMI 38 in a core clinical cohort defined by worldwide regulatory agencies. Am J Cardio. 2011;108:905‐11.
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