Novi arheološki nalazi iz Postira na otoku Braču / New archaeological finds from Postira on the island of Brač

8/6/2019 Novi arheoloki nalazi iz Postira na otoku Brau / New archaeological finds from Postira on the island of Bra

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Novi arheoloki nalazi iz Postira na otoku Brau

New archaeological fnds rom Postira on the island o Bra

KRISTINA JELINIInstitut za arheologiju

Ljudevita Gaja 32

HR1000 Zagreb

[email protected]

LJUBICA PERINI MURATOVIOdsjek za arheologijuHrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti

A. Kovaia 5HR10000 Zagreb

[email protected]

Izvorni znanstveni rad

Antika arheologija

Original scientifc paper

Roman archaeology

UDK/UDC 904(497.5Postira)652

Primljeno/Received: 28. 04. 2010.

Prihvaeno/Accepted: 09. 12. 2010.

U radu se obrauju antiki i kasnosrednjovjekovni nalazi iz Postira na otoku Brau koji su otkriveni tijekom zatitnog arheolokog istraivanjana mjestu Pastoralnog centra, jugozapadno od ranokranske bazilike sv. Ivana. Istraivanjem je otkriven rimski rtvenik posveen Veneri,kasnoantika arhitektura, ostaci kasnosrednjovjekovnog groblja, pok retni nalazi iz rane i kasne antike, te kasnog srednjeg vijeka.

Kljune rijei: Postira, Bra, antika, kasni srednji vijek, Venera, rt venik, staklo, amore

The work contains an analysis o fnds dated to Antiquity and the Late Middle Ages rom Postira, on the island o Bra, discovered during rescuearchaeological research at the site o the Pastoral Centre, south-west o the Early Christian Basilica o St. John. During research, a Ro man-eraaltar dedicated to Venus, architecture rom Late Antiquity, the remains o a late medieval cemetery, movable fnds rom Early and Late Antiq-uity and the Late Middle Ages were discovered.

Key words: Postira, Bra, Antiquity, Late Middle Ages, Venus, altar, glass, amphora

UvodMjesto Postira smjeteno je na sjevernoj obali otoka

Braa, u srednjoj Dalmaciji (karta 1). U zadnjih pedeset godina u Postirima je pronaeno vie antikih arheolokih spomenika koji nesumnjivo govore o nekom obliku organiziranog ivota jo od prvih stoljea nakon Krista.

IntroductionThe village o Postira is situated on the northern coast o

the island o Bra, in central Dalmatia (Map 1). Over the pastty years, a number o arteacts dating to Antiquity havebeen discovered in Postira, which denitely testiy to someorm o organized lie since the rst ew centuries AD.

In 1958, in the vicinity o the Sardina companys presentday cannery, during construction o a new road (Map2: 1), a ragment o a Late Antique gravestone was ound,while ten years later (1968) a sculpted childs head (Eros?)was ound north o the church (Map 2: 2) at the Grdac site,Balatura, during construction o the amily home o the late

ivko Biaca (Cambi 2004: 249250). In 1970, part o a gravestone was discovered roughly one hundred meters east othe parish Church o St. John the Baptist (Map 2: 3), duringworks on what was at the time the house o Slavko Brtievi(son o Grabre), today the Glavini amily home; in 1977 thispiece was purchased by the Local Heritage Museum o theIsland o Bra (Gjurain 1989: 18; 2001: 108).1 During reconnaissance near the parish church in 1977, Emilio Marin ounda Late Antique column capital rom an altar screen dated to

1 Theauthorswouldliketo thankHrvojeGjurain,AndreaMatokovi,BrankoMatuliandFjodorMudnifordetailsconcerningthend.ThebustwaspublishedbyCambi(Cambi2004:249250),whilethegravestoneshavenotyetbeenpublished.

Karta 1 Smjetaj mjesta Postira na otoku BrauMap 1 Location o Postira on the island o Bra


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Godine 1958. u blizini dananje tvornice Sardina, prilikom gradnje nove ceste (karta 2: 1), pronaen je ulomakkasnoantikog nadgrobnog spomenika, a deset godinakasnije (1968.), sjeverno od crkve (karta 2: 2) na poloajuGrdac, Balatura, prilikom gradnje obiteljske kue pok.ivka Biace pronaena je glava djeaka (Erosa?) (Cambi2004: 249250). Godine 1970. stotinjak metara istono odupne crkve sv. Ivana Krstitelja (karta 2: 3), prilikom radova kod kue tada Slavka Brtievia, sina Gabre, danas kueobitelji Glavini, pronaen je dio nadgrobnog spomenika

kojeg je 1977. otkupio Zaviajni muzej otoka Braa (Gjurain1989: 18; 2001: 108).1 Prilikom rekognosciranja u bliziniupne crkve 1977. Emilio Marin pronaao je kasnoantikikapitel stupa oltarne pregrade iz prve polovine 6. st. (u konobi) (Marin 1977: 155). Uz upnu crkvu sv. Ivana Krstitelja,s njene istone strane, leao je veliki kameni blok. Uslijedradova kod sakristije 1988. na tom mjestu pronaeni suostaci trobrodne ranokranske crkve. Ranokranska crkvasv. Ivana podignuta je u 6. st. i rije je o trobrodnoj crkvis polukrunom apsidom i bonim prostorijama, a crkva je

1

vi,BrankuMatuliuiFjodoruMudniu.GlavujeobjavioCambi(Cambi2004:249250),anadgrobnispomenicijonisuobjavljeni.

the rst hal o the sixth century (in a cellar) (Marin 1977: 155).A large stone block lay next to the Church o St. John theBaptist, to its east. During works near the sacristy in 1988,the remains o a triplenave Early Christian church wereound at this site. The Early Christian Church o St. John wasbuilt in the sixth century, and this was a triplenave churchwith semicircular apse and adjunct chambers, and thischurch was also unctional in the seventh century (Kovai1994: 42; Chevalier 1991: 264, 367; 1995: 283; Buani 1994:3950; Stani et al. 1999: 135; 2004, 134).

Memory o a monastery and Church o St. Mary is alsotied to Postira. It is mentioned by the Bra chronicler AndreaCiccarelli (19th cent.)2 when he spoke o the seven Benedictine monasteries on Bra. This monastery was mentioned as abenece o the Split Cathedral Chapter even ater the establishment o the Hvar Diocese. The Bra chronicler VickoProdi, writing in the seventeenth century,3 mentioned a

2 AndreaCiccarell iwasborninPuiain1759,andin1803publishedOs-servazioni sull'isola della Brazza(ObservationsontheIslandofBra),anextensiveworkofexceptionalvaluetothehistoryoftheislandofBra(Vrsalovi2003:1620).

3 VickoProdi,borninPuia,wastheauthorofCronica dell' isola dellaBrazza,publishedin1662.

Karta 2 1. Ulomak rimske stele pronaene 1958. g. u blizini dananje tvornice Sardina (neobjavljeno); 2. Glava djeaka (Eros?) pronaena1968. u kui pok. ivka Biace (Cambi 2004); 3. Ulomak rimske stele pronaene 1970. g. pronaene tijekom radova kod kue Brtievi,danas Glavnini (Gjurain 1989; 2001); 4. Poloaj upne i ranokranske crk ve; 5. Poloaj istraen 2003. g. kojeg se ovdje obrauje; 6.Ulomak ukraenog kamenog graevinskog elementa koji je uzidan u kuu Peruzovi (neobjavljeno); 7. Poloaj dananje crkve Sv.Nikole

Map 2 1. Fragment o Roman stela ound near todays Sardina cannery in 1958 (unpublished); 2. Bust o boy (Eros?) ound in house o decea-sed ivko Bizaa in 1968 (Cambi 2004); 3. Fragment o Roman stela ound during works on the Brtievi (today Glavini) house in 1970(Gjurain 1989; 2001); 4. Location o parish and Early Christian church; 5. Site researched in 2003 and analyzed herein; 6. Fragment o

ornamented stone element built into wall o Peruzovi home (unpublished); 7. Location o present-day Church o St. Nicholas


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unkcionirala i u 7. st. (Kovai 1994: 42; Chevalier 1991: 264,367; 1995: 283; Buani 1994: 3950; Stani et al. 1999: 135;2004, 134).

Uz Postira se vee spomen samostana i crkve sv. Marije. Njega spominje braki kroniar Andrea Ciccarelli (19.st.)2 kada govori o sedam benediktinskih samostana na

Brau. Taj se samostan spominje kao benecij splitskogkaptola ak i nakon osnivanja hvarske biskupije. Brakikroniar Vicko Prodi u 17. st.3 spominje samostan u Postirima (ukraen mozaikom) koji su Neretljani zapalili 841. zanonog napada. S obzirom na to da je u Postirima i prijeranokranskog razdoblja neupitno postojao ivot, ostajeotvorenim i pitanje da li je zgrada sa sauvanim mozaikom,koju spominje Prodi, dio samostana ili neke ranije antikezgrade. Istraivanje ranokranske bazilike sv. Ivana Krstitelja pokazalo je kako ta crkva nije imala mozaike stoga setaj spomen sigurno ne odnosi na tu baziliku. U literaturi jeprihvaena posveta ranokranske crkve sv. Ivanu jer na njuupuuje toponim Zastivnje koji je iz sloja starijih sakral

nih toponima, a tu je posvetu preuzela i dananja upnacrkva. Postoji niz takvih toponima na Brau koji se veu zaranokranske objekte kao to je Stivn/Sutivan. S obziromna to da je crkva sv. Marije prema zapisima bila u vlasnitvusplitskog kaptola (Sanctae Mariae de Postire), kao i crkva koja

je stajala na mjestu dananje kapelice sv. Nikole (karta 2:7), na mjestu kapelice se pretpostavlja smjetaj sv. Marijekoja je u nekom trenutku promijenila svog titulara. Crkvukoja se nalazila na mjestu dananje kapelice sv. Nikole 1904.splitski kaptol je prepustio upnoj crkvi u Postirima nakonega je ona u potpunosti obnovljena, a njen izgled je znatno izmijenjen. Da li je tu zbilja postojao samostan ili je rijeo manjem prateem objektu crkve i zemljita koje je prvo

bilo u vlasnitvu samostana sv. Petra u Jesenicama, a kojeje kasnije prelo u vlasnitvo splitskog kaptola, nije mogueutvrditi bez ciljanih istraivanja tog poloaja (Marin 1977:155156; 1992: 118; Eterovi 1981: 32, 3943; Glavini 1981:4849; Mihojevi 1981: 225; anti 1981: 1822; imunovi1981: 265; Kovai 1994: 42; Vrsalovi 2003: 49, 54).

Prvi pisani spomen Postira nalazimo u srednjeovjekovnimizvorima. Godine 1337. Postira se u kontekstu ugovora zaobradu zemlje u tom predjelu spominju kao in portu Posti-re. Godine 1345. spominju se u istom kontekstu, ali ovaj putkao terre posito in Posterna kada se spominju i prve suhozidne nastambe. Taj predio spominje se i u redigiranoj IV

knjizi brakog Statuta iz 1375. Petar Skok etimologiju imena izvodi od lat. pastura panjak sa ime se slae i Petarimunovi (Mihojevi 1981: 228; imunovi 1981: 263265;2004: 121). Vano je znati da na sjevernoj obali Braa usrednjem vijeku nije bilo naselja sve do 1444. zbog omikihgusara, a to se mijenja nakon to je Omi pao u mletakeruke. Nakon toga grade se naselja i na obali, a broj sta

2 AndreaCiccarelliroenjeuPuiima1759.g.,a1803.objavljujeOsser-vazioni sull'isola della Brazza(ZapaanjaootokuBrau),opsenodjeloodizuzetnevanostizapovijestotokaBraa(Vrsalovi2003:1620).

3 VickoProdi,roenuPuiima,autorjedjelaCronica dell' isola dellaBrazzaiz1662.g.

monastery in Postira (decorated with mosaics) which wasset are by the Narentines in 841 during a nighttime raid.Since organized human lie undoubtedly existed in Postiraeven prior to the Early Christian era, the question remainsas to whether the building with preserved mosaic mentioned by Prodi was part o a monastery or some earlier, Anti

que, building. Research into the Early Christian Basilica o St.John has shown that the church had no mosaics, so Prodisobservation does not reer to the basilica. The dedication toSt. John is accepted in the relevant literature, or it is indicated by the toponymZastivnje, which originated in the layero older sacral toponyms, and this dedication was assumedby the presentday parish church. There are a series o suchtoponyms on Bra which are associated with Early Christianstructures, such as Stivn/Sutivan. Since according to records the Church o St. Mary was the property the Split Cathedral Chapter (Sanctae Mariae de Postire), like the churchthat once stood at the site o todays Chapel o St. Nicholas(Map 2: 7), it has been assumed that the Church o St. Mary

was at the chapels site, and that its titular changed at some point in history. The church which once stood at the siteo the Chapel o St. Nicholas was relinquished by the SplitCathedral Chapter in 1904 to the parish church in Postira,ater which it was ully renovated, and its appearance wasconsiderably altered. Whether a monastery actually existedhere or whether it was a smaller outbuilding or the churchand a piece o land rst owned by the Monastery o St. Peter in Jesenice, which later became the property o the SplitCathedral Chapter, cannot be ascertained without targetedresearch o this site (Marin 1977: 155156; 1992: 118; Eterovi1981: 32, 3943; Glavini 1981: 4849; Mihojevi 1981: 225;anti 1981: 1822; imunovi 1981: 265; Kovai 1994: 42;Vrsalovi 2003: 49, 54).

The rst written evidence o Postira can be ound in themedieval sources. In 1337, Postira is mentioned in the context o a contract to cultivate land in this tract as in portuPostire. In 1345, it is mentioned in the same context, butthis time as terre posito in Posterna, when the rst dry stonehouses are also mentioned. This tract is also mentioned inthe revised Book IV o the Bra Statute o 1375. Petar Skokderived the names etymology rom the Latin pastura pasture, with which Petar imunovi agreed (Mihojevi 1981:228; imunovi 1981: 263265; 2004: 121). It is important toknow that there were no settlements on the northern shoreo Bra in the Middle Ages until 1444, due to the peril posed

by pirates rom Omi, although this changed ater Omi came under Venetian rule. Ater this, were established on thecoast, and the population grew as people moved in romthe interior o Bra, as well as rom the mainland. Besidesthe parish church, one o the more notable buildings wasthe Lazani/Lazaneo castle, which was on the seashore, andwhich had been partially preserved until the end o the nineteenth century. The castle was probably erected duringthe period when the Postira parish had separated rom Dolat the end o the sixteenth century. In 1579, Postira wasmentioned as a place with a population o 100 during thecanonical visitation in the Hvar Diocese, which included the


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novnika raste tako to se doseljava stanovnitvo iz mjest uunutranjosti Braa, a jednako tako i s kopna. Pored upnecrkve znaajnija graevina bila je katel LazaniLazaneo

koja se nalazila na obali, a do kraja 19. st. bila je sauvanadjelomice. Katel je podignut vjerojatno u vrijeme kada sepostirska upa odcijepila od dolske krajem 16. st. Godine1579. Postira se spominju u vizitaciji Hvarske biskupije, Agostina Valiera, a time i otoka Braa, kao mjesto u kojem ivi100 dua. Sredinom 16. st. podie se crkva sv. Ivana Krstitelja koja je dograivana u 17. i 18. st. Ona se spominje i unavedenoj vizitaciji i to kao presvoena crkva svetog Ivanakoja prokinjava, to se odnosi na dananju upnu crkvu,tonije njezin prezbiteralni dio koji i danas na vanjskoj straniapside nosi pukarnice iz kasnosrednjovjekovnog razdoblja.Isto tako u njegovo vrijeme u Sv. Ivanu nalazio se i sarkoag.

island o Bra, by Bishop Agostin Valier. In the midsixteenthcentury, the Church o St. John the Baptist was erected,which was expanded in the seventeenth and eighteenthcenturies. It was also mentioned in the aorementionedvisitation as the vaulted Church o St. John with leaking roo,which reers to the presentday parish church, or rather its

presbytery, which even today has embrasures on the outside o its apse, a holdover rom the medieval period. By thesame token, there was also a sarcophagus in St. Johns at thesame time. During his visitation, Agostin Valier4 also mentioned the Church o St. Mary, under the jurisdiction o theSplit Cathedral Chapter.

During this period, Postira was an important harbournot only or trade in agricultural goods, but also weapons.Sutivan, together with Postira, also oered assistance to theraiding soldiers known as Uskoks, or local residents hadriendly relations with them despite the stance o the Venetians. This is also the reason why the Uskoks did not disturbnor loot Bra to the extent that they did the other islands

which, naturally, contributed to the development o newsettlements on the coastline (Jutroni 1950: 133; Mihojevi1981: 223224; Vrsalovi 2003: 91, 116117, 119, 125; Jelini2004: 7, 15). These acts are important because they helpplace the late medieval cemetery and other nds rom thisperiod within the proper chronological context.

Archaeological research in 2003The parish rectory, gardens and what is today the Pasto

ral Centre are located south o the parish Church o St. Johnthe Baptist (Map 2: 4). Prior to construction o the PastoralCentre, the Conservation Department o Split, led by Dubravka erina,5 conducted archaeological rescue research

in October 2003 which showed that there was contemporaneous Late Antique architecture (Fig. 1) southwest o theEarly Christian basilica. Also discovered were nds olderthan the basilica and the remains o a late medieval cemetery.

The Pastoral Centre is east o the parish rectory, southo the apse o the parish Church o St. John the Baptist andsouthwest o the researched portion o the Early Christianbasilica dedicated to St. John the Baptist (Chevalier 1991:265) (Fig. 13). During rescue research which lasted tendays, the remains o Late Antique architecture (Fig. 14), adestroyed late medieval cemetery (Fig. 5), ceramic, glass,metal and stone nds and bone items dating rom Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages were discovered (Pl. 18).

The area south o the Early Christian basilica was, prior toworks, partially orested with cypress trees, while the otherpart was used as a garden. This is the assumed reason whythe archaeological remains at this place were destroyed andtaken away, so during the research nothing was ound here.

4 AgostinValierwasthebishopofVeronaandanecclesiasticalvisitor.AttheorderofPopeGregoryXIIIhetouredthediocesesofVenetianDalmatia,andhevisitedBrain1579aspartofhisvisittotheHvarDiocese(Vrsalovi2003:13,443).

5 WewouldliketothankDubravkaerina,amemberofthestaffattheConservationDepartmentinSplitandtheresearchleaderinPostirain2003,forallowingustoexaminethedocumentationandnds,andforherassistanceduringthewritingofthiswork.

Sl. 1 Poloaj pronaenih kasnoantikih zidova (unutar oznaenog pravokutnika) u odnosu na ranokransku i upnu crkvu (crtao: J. Beneta)

Fig. 1 Position o discovered Late Antique walls (inside indicated rec-tangle) in relation to Early Christian and parish church (drawnby: J. Beneta)


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Sl. 2 Detaljni snimak kasnoantikih zidova, temelja i poloaj nalaza spomenika (crtao: J. Beneta)Fig. 2 Detailed sketch o Late Antique walls, oundations and position o arteact fnds (drawn by: J. Beneta)

Sl. 3 Uzduni presjek kroz kanal (zapadistok) i pogled na juno lice Zida 2 (crtao: J. Beneta)Fig. 3 Lengthwise cross-section through channel (west-east) and view o southern ace o Wall 2 (drawn by: J. Beneta)


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Agostin Valier4 u svojoj vizitaciji takoer spominje crkvu sv.Marije pod jurisdikcijom splitskog kaptola.

Postira su u tom razdoblju vana luka ne samo za trgovinu poljoprivrednim dobrima ve i orujem. Sutivan je uzPostira nudio i pomo uskocima s kojima su stanovnici ovih

mjest bili u dobrim odnosima unato Mlecima. To je ujednoi razlog zbog kojeg uskoci nisu uznemiravali i pljakaliBra u mjeri u kojoj su to radili drugim otocima to je, naravno, pridonijelo razvoju tih novonastalih naselja na obali(Jutroni 1950: 133; Mihojevi 1981: 223224; Vrsalovi 2003:91, 116117, 119, 125; Jelini 2004: 7, 15). Ove su injenicevane zbog stavljanja kasnosrednjovjekovnog groblja i drugih pronaenih nalaza iz tog razdoblja u odgovarajui vremenski okvir.

4 AgostinValierjebioveronskibiskupicrkvenivizitator.PonalogupapeGrguraXIIIobilaziojebiskupijemletakeDalmacije,aBrajeposjetio1579.g.uokviruposjetahvarskedijaceze(Vrsalovi2003:13,443).

Prior to conducting research in the area south o the EarlyChristian basilica, and west o the garden in the direction othe parish rectory, a small storage shed o more recent dateand two encing walls were ound. Using machinery, theywere careully removed, and then research commenced.6

Archaeological remains were only discovered south o theapse o the presentday parish church (Fig. 1: 4). Ater removal o recent structures (two encing walls), undressed stoneslabs o the type made or graves were ound at a depth o30 cm along the northern recent wall. All o the slabs werestrewn about, and only Grave 1 was partially preserved (Fig.5).

Grave 1 was made o undressed stone slabs and hadan eastwest orientation. Its interior was lled with charred earth and several tiny shattered and damaged humanbones. Several ragments o seashells and some potsherds

6 FourlabourersandarchaeologistKatarinaCvitanifromPostiraparticipatedintheresearch.

Sl. 4 Pogled sa zapada na kanal, Zid 1 i Zid 2 (snimak: D. erina)Fig. 4 View rom the west o the channel, Wall 1 and Wall 2 (photo by: D. erina)


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Arheoloko istraivanje 2003. godineJuno od upne crkve sv. Ivana Krstitelja (Karta 2: 4)

nalazi se upni dvor, vrt i danas Pastoralni centar. Prijeizgradnje Pastoralnog centra Konzervatorski odjel iz Splita pod vodstvom Dubravke erine5 obavio je u listopadu2003. zatitna arheoloka istraivanja koja su pokazala dase jugozapadno od ranokranske bazilike nalazila istovremena kasnoantika arhitektura (sl. 1). Pored toga pronaenisu nalazi stariji od bazilike i ostaci kasnosrednjovjekovnoggroblja.

Pastoralni centar nalazi se istono od upnog dvora, juno od apside upne crkve sv. Ivana Krstitelja i jugozapadno od istraenog dijela ranokranske bazilikeposveene sv. Ivanu Krstitelju (Chevalier 1991: 265); (sl.13). Prilikom zatitnog istraivanja u trajanju od deset dana pronaeni su ostaci kasnoantike arhitekture (sl. 14),unitenog kasnosrednjovjekovnog groblja (sl. 5), keramika,staklo, metal, kameni nalazi i kotani predmeti iz vremenaantike i kasnog srednjeg vijeka (T. 18).

Prostor juno od ranokranske bazilike, prije radovabio je jednim dijelom poumljen empresima, dok se drugi dio koristio kao vrt. Pretpostavlja se da je to razlog zbogkojeg su arheoloki ostaci na tom mjestu uniteni i raznese

ni, stoga prilikom ovog istraivanja na tom mjestu nije bilonalaza. Prije provedenih istraivanja na prostoru juno odranokranske bazilike, a zapadno od vrta prema upnomdvoru, nalazili su se manje recentno spremite i dva ogradnazida. Oni su uz pomo mehanizacije paljivo uklonjeni te sepristupilo istraivanju.6 Arheoloki ostaci otkriveni su samo juno od apside dananje upne crkve (sl. 1: 4). Nakonuklanjanja recentne arhitekture (dva ogradna zida) na rela

5 ZahvaljujemoseDubravkierini,djelatniciKonzervatorskogodjelauSplitu,voditeljiciistraivanjauPostirima2003.naustupljenojdokumen tacijiinalazimatesuradnjiprilikompisanjaovograda.

6 istraivanjususudjelovalaetiriradnikaiarheologinjaKatarinaCviistraivanjususudjelovalaetiriradnikaiarheologinjaKatarinaCvitaniizPostira.

were ound around the strewn slabs. Three bone beads were ound beneath one o the slabs o the destroyed graves.Grave 1was north o Wall 17 and cut into bedrock. The slabso the other damaged grave walls were partially on theoundations o the older wall, north o Wall 1. It is assumedthat these are the scattered slabs o a late medieval ceme

tery which lay around the presentday parish church, andthey may be associated with its late medieval constructionphase. Grave 1 was located above the Late Antique architecture, which may be associated with the Early Christiancomplex in the immediate vicinity, northeast o it.

Ater the stone slabs were removed, examination othe Late Antique architecture commenced (Fig. 14). Theoundation to a Late Antique wall was ound which hasonly been preserved in its lower row, with dimensions o 6 x0.8 m. The wall was made o partially dressed stone blocksand slabs placed directly on bedrock, bonded by limestoneplaster. The oundation extended eastward, where it terminates and westward as it turns northward at a right angle

north o Wall 1. At this part it becomes looser and wider (1.7m) and terminates ater 1.6 m.The dimensions o Wall 1 are 1.7 x 0.64 m, and it has

been preserved to a height o a hal meter. It exhibits quality construction, with nely crated stone blocks that arebound with limestone plaster. On the south side, Wall 1 isconnected to Wall 2 at a right angle, and the latter extendsin eastwest direction. At this point there was an entranceinto another room or a passage between two rooms (Fig. 2).

The previously mentioned oundation probably ormedthe northern wall o the eastern room and it is parallel toWall 2, which connects with Wall 1 at a right angle. Wall 2 isoriented eastwest, and the quality o its construction andwidth are identical to that o Wall 1; it terminates in the eastand west, so how long it actually was is not known. There isa channel or water, probably precipitation runo, runningall along the southern ace o this wall. The entire interior othe channel is lined with a thick layer o lime plaster tempered with tiny ragments o brick (Fig. 3). Wall 2 thus became the northern wall o the drainage channel. The internalace o the external, southern wall o the channel is madeo dressed stone plates and blocks, while the external edgeo the wall was let unworked. The bottom o this channelis made o stone plates which were placed directly on bedrock. The interior o the channel was lled with earth andundressed stone plates. These stone plates may have initially covered the channel itsel. The existence o this channel

south o Wall 2 actually indicates that Wall 2 was a perimeterwall o the uncovered Late Antique structure.

All archaeological remains, graves and architecture were covered with a layer, or rather ll within which ragmentso Antique pottery, glass (1st2nd cent. and 5th7th cent.), brickand late medieval glass, bone beads and pottery (15th16thcent.) were ound together, one next to the other.

The undressed slabs and Late Antique architecture thatwere ound have their oundations in the bedrock. This is a

7 ThewallsaredesignatedasWall1andWall2(eachbeginningwithacapitalletter)inthedocumentationwhichDubravkaerinasokindlyprovided,andthesameappliestoGrave1.Thesedesignationswereassumedduringthewritingofthiswork.

Sl. 5 Grob 1 nakon ienja i micanja pokrovnih ploa. U gornjem desnom uglu, ispod recentnog zida nazire se Zid 1(snimak: D. erina)

Fig. 5 Grave 1 ater cleaning and removal o cover slabs. In the upperright-hand corner, Wall 1 can be discerned beneath the morerecent wall (photo by: D. erina)


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tivnoj dubini od 30 cm uz sjeverni recentni zid otkrivene su

neobraene kamene ploe od kakvih su izraivani grobovi.Sve ploe bile su razbacane, a djelomice je sauvan samogrob 1 (sl. 5).

Grob 1 izgraen je od neobraenih kamenih ploa ibio je orijentiran I Z. Njegova unutranjost bila je ispunjena nagorenom zemljom s nekoliko sitnih razlomljenih iporemeenih ljudskih kostiju. Uokolo razbacanih ploapronaeno je nekoliko ulomaka koljaka i neto ulomaka keramike. Ispod jedne od ploa unitenih grobova, pronaenesu tri kotane perlice. Grob 1 nalazio se sjeverno od Zida 17i poloen je na ivoj stijeni. Ploe drugih poremeenih grobova nalazile su se dijelom na temeljima starijeg zida, sjeverno od Zida 1. Pretpostavlja se da je rije o razbacanim

ploama kasnosrednjovjekovnog groblja koje se nalazilouokolo dananje upne crkve, a ono se moe povezati uznjezinu kasnosrednjovjekovnu graevnu azu. Grob 1 nalazio se iznad otkrivene kasnoantike arhitekture koja se pakmoe dovesti u vezu s ranokranskim kompleksom u neposrednoj blizini, sjeveroistono od nje.

Nakon to su kamene ploe uklonjene pristupilo seistraivanju kasnoantike arhitekture (sl. 14). Otkriven jetemelj kasnoantikog zida koji je sauvan samo u donjemredu, dimenzija 6 x 0,80 m. Zid je bio izraen od djelomino

7 dokumentacijikojunamjeljubaznoustupilaDubravkaerinazidovisuimenovanikaoZid1iZid2(svelikimpoetnimslovom),aslinovrijediizaGrob1.Takvonazivljejepreuzetoprilikompisanjaovograda.

sloping limestone terrain. Thus, Grave 1 partially protruded

into the Late Antique architecture (oundation) and was placed lower than Wall 1 despite being younger than it (Fig.5). For this structure, it was essential to level the pedestriansuraces because o the sloped terrain.

An interesting nd is the altar8 rom the eastern roomwhich was ound lying on its side. It was most likely used bythe Late Antique builders or levelling the oor given thatthe entire terrain descends toward the sea, i.e., the north(Fig. 6). Similar levelling was recorded nearby, in krip (Faber, Nikolanci 1985: 138).

The secondary use o the classical Roman altar dedicated to Venus, and the battered condition o the upper surace on which sacrices were made point to the idea thatthe Early Christian complex was built near an older pagan,Roman cult site dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus. Anadditional reason is also the act that an area which abounds in highquality stone and stonemasonry traditions doesnot seem a probable or logical choice to bring in a workedpagan stone block rom some greater distance. A pagancult site does not necessarily mean the existence o a Venerean shrine as a separate structure. It is equally likely thatthe altar stood in the shrine o a private home.

8 ThealtarwasrststoredinthePostiramunicipalhall,whiletodayitisheldintheparishrectoryinPostira,wherethesendswillbestoredafteranalysis.

Sl. 6 Poloaj Venerinog rtvenika (snimak: D. erina)Fig. 6 Position o altar to Venus (photo by: D. erina)


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obraenih kamenih blokova i ploa koje su postavljene direktno na ivu stijenu, povezanih vapnenom bukom. Temelj se pruao prema istoku gdje je prekinut i prema zapadu gdje sjeverno od Zida 1 pod pravim kutom skree premasjeveru. Na tom dijelu postaje rastresitiji i iri (1,70 m) te seprekida nakon 1,60 m.

Dimenzije Zida 1 su 1,70 x 0,64 m, a sauvan je u visini odpola metra. Kvalitetno je zidan, od dobro obraenih kamenih blokova koji su povezani vapnenom bukom. Na junojstrani Zid 1 se pod pravim kutom spaja sa Zidom 2 koji seprua u smjeru istok zapad. Na tom mjestu nalazio se ulazu prostoriju ili prolaz izmeu dvije prostorije (sl. 2).

Prethodno spomenuti temelj vjerojatno ini sjeverni zidistone prostorije i on je paralelan sa Zidom 2 koji se spa

ja pod pravim kutom sa Zidom 1. Zid 2 je orijentiran I Z,kvalitetom izrade i irinom jednak je Zidu 1, prekinut je naistoku i zapadu pa je nepoznato koliko se ustvari pruao.Du junog lica ovog zida nalazi se kanal za vodu, vjerojatno kinicu. Cijela unutranjost kanala premazana je debljim

slojem vapnene buke s primjesama usitnjene opeke (sl. 3).Zid 2 tako je postao sjeverni zid kanala za vodu. Unutranjelice vanjskog, junog zida kanala izraeno je od obraenihkamenih ploa i blokova, dok je vanjski rub zida ostavljenneobraen. Dno ovog kanala izraeno je od kamenih ploakoje su postavljene direktno na ivu stijenu. Unutranjostkanala bila je ispunjena zemljom i neobraenim kamenimploama. Te kamene ploe prvotno su mogle pokrivatisami kanal. Postojanje ovog kanala juno od Zida 2 zapravo govori kako je Zid 2 perimetralni zid ovdje otkrivenekasnoantike graevine.

Svi arheoloki ostaci, grobovi i arhitektura bili su prekriveni jednim slojem odnosno nasipom unutar kojeg su za

jedno pronaeni, jedni uz druge, ulomci antike keramike,stakla (1. 2. st. i 5. 7. st.), opeke i kasnosrednjovjekovnogstakla, kotanih perlica i keramike (15. 16. st.).

Pronaene neobraene ploe i kasnoantika arhitektura temeljeni su na ivoj stijeni. Rije je o koso postavljenomvapnenakom terenu. Tako je Grob 1 djelomice zadirao ukasnoantiku arhitekturu (temelj) i poloen je nie od Zida1 unato injenici to je mlai od njega (sl. 5). Za ovaj objektneophodno je bilo niveliranje hodnih povrina zbog togato je teren nagnut.

Kao zanimljiv nalaz istie se rtvenik8 iz istone prostorijekoji je pronaen polegnut bonom stranom. Najvjerojatnije

je posluio kasnoantikim graditeljima za niveliranje podni

ce s obzirom na to da se cijeli teren sputa koso prema moru,odnosno sjeveru (sl. 6). Slino niveliranje terena zabiljeeno

je nedaleko, u kripu (Faber, Nikolanci 1985: 138).

Sekundarna upotreba klasinog rimskog rtvenikaposveenog Veneri, te otuenost gornjeg dijela na kojemsu se prinosile rtve, navodi na pomisao da je ranokranskikompleks izgraen u blizini starijeg poganskog rimskogkultnog mjesta posveenog rimskoj boici Veneri. Razlogvie je i injenica da podruje koje obiluje kvalitetnom ka

8 rtvenikjeprvobiopohranjenuzgradiopinePostira ,adanasseuvauupnomureduuPostirimagdjeesepohranitiiovinalazinakonobrade.

At the end o the research work, a team o experts romthe Conservation Department decided that the discoveredwalls would be disassembled in order to nd any possiblespolia inside them. During their dismounting several dressed stone blocks, pieces o beams/thresholds, blocks with

grooves and lentils were ound (erina 2003).

Analysis o movable archaeological materials (Pl.

18, tab. 12)

During research, a small quantity o Antique and latemedieval items were ound, as well as ew Early Modernitems. A part o the nds, particularly the ceramics, cannot chronologically placed, because these are insufciently researched kitchen ware, probably produced locally, orpotsherds too small to determine their type, age and production site. Since all o the nds were discovered inside asingle earthen embankment, above the bedrock, walls andgraves, this stratigraphic picture does not help in the chro

nological isolation o individual nds. Determination o thetypes and times rom which individual nds originated wasdone on the basis o comparative analysis o the items ndhere with the items ound at other archaeological sites. Since a very small number o potsherds was ound, and almostall have dierent structures o clay rom which the ceramicwas made, it was not possible to analyze the pottery on thisbasis.

Pottery (Pl. 16; tab. 1 2)

Given the very small number o potsherds, the pottery was not classied by vessel types, but rather simply bytypological division into pots, jugs and amphorae. The earliest nds are ragments o a bowl or cup (cat. no. 13) romthe rst century AD and an Aegean juglet (cat. no. 10), romthe rsttosecond centuries AD. Nonetheless, as analysiswill show, most o the ceramic nds can be dated to LateAntiquity.

Kitchen ware

Pots (Pl. 1: 15; Pl. 2: 45)

The pots were wheelthrown, with the exception o cat.no. 7 (Pl. 2: 7), standard and well made, with rough, unpainted suraces, with the exception o cat. no. 5 which was coated with red paint (Pl. 2: 5). These are pots o various prolesand dimensions. The circumstances o the nd do not helpin their dating, since they were ound together with medieval and Antique items (Early Empire and Late Antique).The structures o all discovered pots dier rom each othergreatly, which may indicate dierent production sites anddierent production times. Nevertheless, the structure andshape o certain potsherds indicate that they may be LateAntique vessels (Pl. 1: 1, 3; Pl. 2: 79), while we are uncertainabout a portion o them (Pl. 1: 2; Pl. 2: 46). The potsherd,cat. no. 9, probably belonged to the Aegean pottery (compare with Ilakovac 1968: Pl. IV: 1755, 1740, 1761), but as it is asmall piece it is difcult to determine a specic vessel typeand the time o its production.

Catalogue description:


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menom sirovinom i kamenoklesarskom tradicijom, ne inivjerojatnim i loginim dopremanje obraenog poganskogkamenog bloka s neke vee udaljenosti. Pogansko kultnomjesto ne znai nuno postojanje Venerinog svetita u vidusamostalne graevine. Jednako je vjerojatno da je rtvenikstajao u svetitu privatne kue.

Na kraju istraivanja struni kolegij Konzervatorskogodjela odluio je da se pronaeni zidovi runo demontirajukako bi se eventualno pronala spolia uzidana u zidove. Prirazgradnji pronaeno je nekoliko kamenih blokova koji suobraeni, ulomci greda pragova, blokovi sa ljebovima idovratnici (erina 2003).

Analiza pokretne arheoloke grae (T. 18, tab. 12)

Prilikom istraivanja pronaena je manja koliinaantikih i kasnosrednjovjekovnih nalaza, te nekolicina novovjekovnih. Dio nalaza, naroito keramike, ne moe se vremenski tono odrediti jer je rije ili o nedovoljno istraenoj

kuhinjskoj keramici, vjerojatno lokalne proizvodnje ili opremalim keramikim ulomcima kojima se ne moe odrediti tip, vrijeme i mjesto proizvodnje. Budui da su svi nalazipronaeni unutar jednog zemljanog nasipa, iznad ivca, zidova i grobova, takva stratigraska slika ne pomae u vremenskom razluivanju pojedinih nalaza. Odreivanje tipova i vremena iz kojeg pojedini predmeti potjeu uinjeno jena temelju usporedne analize ovdje pronaenih predmetas predmetima pronaenim na drugim arheolokim lokalitetima. Kako je pronaen relativno mali broj keramikih ulomaka, a gotovo svi pripadaju razliitim strukturama gline odkoje je izraivana keramika, nije bilo mogue izraditi obradu keramike po tom kriteriju.

Keramika (T. 16; tab. 12)

Budui da se radi o vrlo malom broju ulomaka, nijeuinjena podjela keramike po vrstama posua ve samotipoloka podjela na lonce, vreve i amore. Najraniji nalazisu ulomak zdjelice ili ae (kat. br. 13) iz 1. st. po. Kr. i egejskivri (kat. br. 10), iz 1. 2. st. po. Kr. Ipak, kako e analizapokazati, veinu keramikih nalaza moe se datirati u kasnuantiku.

Kuhinjska keramika

Lonci (T. 1: 15; T. 2: 45)

Lonci su izraeni na kolu, osim kat. br. 7 (T. 2: 7), pravilne su i dobre izrade, hrapave povrine bez premaza, osimkat. br. 5 koji ima crveni premaz (T. 2: 5). Radi se o loncimarazliitih prolacija i dimenzija. Okolnosti nalaza ne pomaupri njezinom datiranju ovih ulomaka budui da su pronaenizajedno sa srednjovjekovnim i antikim predmetima (ranocarskim i kasnoantikim). Struktura svih pronaenih lonacameusobno se jako razlikuje to moe upuivati na razliitomjesto proizvodnje, ali i na razliito vrijeme proizvodnje.Ipak, struktura i oblik nekih ulomaka daju naslutiti da se radio kasnoantikom posuu (T. 1: 1, 3; T. 2: 79), dok za dio nismo sigurni (T. 1: 2; T. 2: 46). Ulomak kat. br. 9 vjerojatno pripada egejskoj keramici (usporedi s Ilakovac 1968: T. IV: 1755,

1. Fragment o pot with curved rim with edge diagonaland sharply truncated on outside. Neck is short or, moreprecisely, visible only in transition o rim into diagonally ormed shoulder. The ragment is small and rather regular. Thecolour o the interior and exterior walls varies rom brownto black. The vessel was made with calcite and other addi

tives which burned o during ring, while irregular circularand ovular voids are visible in the vessels crosssection.2. Pot with curved and straight rim with edge diago

nally truncated outward and lightly rounded. Neck is veryshort, shoulder is rounded, and the belly is widest at therecipients midsection. The base is slightly concave, withcentral portion thinner than portion where the pots lateralwalls ascend. The vessel has a considerable amount o voidson its surace and crosssection. The voids emerged ateradditives in the clay burned o during ring. They appearonly on the interior wall at the base and near the bottomo the vessels lateral wall. Additionally, a large quantity ocalcite additives can be observed. The ring colour variesrom dark brown and grey on the interior wall to black onthe exterior.

3. Pot with large dimensions, with regular and uniormring colour. Rim is outwardly drawn, edge o rim is diagonally truncated on outside. Neck and very short and transition to diagonal and high shoulder. Clay has considerablequantity o additives, generally negrain quartz o variousdimensions. Surace is slightly coarse and nonriable.

4. Pot with convexly outwardly drawn rim and straightedge. Neck is short, and only visible at transition to diagonalshoulder. Surace is rough, and ring colour is not uniorm.There is a considerable quantity o tiny calcite additives.

5. Pot with broad and short straightedged rim, lightlycurved outward. Neck is short and prominent on inside.Transition o neck into shoulder o pot is emphasized bythickening, and the vessels width negligibly surpasses thewidth o the rim. Firing colour is not uniorm on externalside. Traces o red paint have been preserved on inside wall,particularly on the rim. This indicates the possibility that thevessel was used to store or prepare liquid ood. Lid t on rimvery well. Clay has considerable quantity o tiny, and somelarger, additives which are unevenly distributed.

Undefned orms o kitchen ware (Pl. 2: 69)

6. Flat base o large vessel with thick, coarsely renderedwalls. Vessel has rough surace with considerable amount olarge and tiny additives (calcite). Small and rather elongated

cracks can be observed in the crosssection which are a result o various substances (additives or other matter presentin the raw clay) burning out during ring. Firing colour isnot uniorm in crosssection nor on the external and internal suraces o the walls.

7. Fragment o vessel belly, possibly a handcrated pot,with nonuniorm ring colour, rough surace and considerable quantity o limestone and quartz additives and a smallquantity o sand. The vessel is ornamented with a narrowband made o three shallow horizontal incisions. Traces oimprints can be seen in the inside wall where the pottershaped the vessels lateral walls. This was probably a locally


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1740, 1761), ali s obzirom na to da je rije o malom ulomkuteko je odrediti toan tip posude i vrijeme njegove izrade.

Kataloki opis:1. Ulomak lonca izvijenog oboda iji je rub s vanjske stra

ne koso i otro odrezan. Vrat je kratak, odnosno, vidljiv jesamo u prijelazu oboda u koso oblikovano rame. Ulomak

je mali i dosta pravilan. Boja unutranje i vanjske stijenkevarira od smee do crne. Posuda je izraena s primjesamakalcita i s drugim primjesama koje su izgorjele u postupkupeenja, a u presjeku posude vidljive su upljine nepravilnog krunog i ovalnog oblika.

2. Lonac izvijenog i ravnog oboda iji je rub koso odrezanprema van i blago zaobljen. Vrat je vrlo kratak, rame je zaobljeno, a trbuh je najiri u sredini recipijenta. Dno je blagokonkavno, u sredinjem dijelu tanje od dijela gdje se diubone stijenke lonca. Posuda ima dosta upljina na povrinii u presjeku. upljine su nastale nakon izgaranja primjesa tijekom peenja. One se javljaju samo na unutranjojstijenki na dnu i pri dnu bonih stijenki posude. Pored toga

uoavaju se u velikoj koliini primjese kalcita. Boja peenjavarira od tamno smee i sive na unutranjoj stijenki do crnena vanjskoj.

3. Lonac veih dimenzija, pravilne i ujednaene bojepeenja. Obod je izvuen prema van, rub oboda je kosoodrezan s vanjske strane. Vrat je vrlo kratak i prelazi u kosoi visoko rame. Glina ima dosta primjesa, uglavnom usitnjenog kvarca razliitih dimenizija. Povrina je pomalo hrapavai ne otire se.

4. Lonac konveksno izvuenog oboda i ravnog ruba. Vratje kratak i uoava se samo u prijelazu u koso rame. Povrinaje hrapava, a boja peenja neujednaena. Ima dosta usitnjenih primjesa kalcita.

5. Lonac irokog i kratkog oboda ravnog ruba, blagoizvijenog prema van. Vrat je kratak i naglaen s unutranjestrane. Prijelaz vrata u rame lonca naglaen je zadebljanjem,a irina posude neznatno prelazi irinu oboda. S vanjske strane neujednaene je boje peenja. Na unutranjoj stijenki,osobito na obodu, sauvan je premaz crvene boje u tragovima. To ukazuje na mogunost da se posuda koristila zauvanje ili pripremu tekue hrane. Poklopac je jako dobroprijanjao na obod. Glina ima mnogo vrlo usitnjenih i netokrupnih primjesa koje su neravnomjerno rasporeene.

Nedefnirani oblici kuhinjske keramike (T. 2: 69)

6. Ravno dno vee posude, debelih stijenki grube izrade. Posuda je hrapave povrine s puno krupnih i sitnih

primjesa (kalcit). U presjeku se uoavaju nepravilne manjei jako izduene pukotine nastale izgaranjem razliitih tvari(primjesa ili materije prisutne u sirovoj glini). Boja peenja jeneujednaena u presjeku, na vanjskoj i unutranjoj stijenki.

7. Ulomak trbuha posude, mogue lonca izraenogrukom, neujednaene boje peenja, hrapave povrine sdosta primjesa vapnenca, kvarca i malo pijeska. Posuda jeukraena uskom trakom od tri plitka vodoravna ureza. Naunutranjoj stijenki uoavaju se tragovi prstiju lonara prioblikovanju bonih stijenki posude. Vjerojatno se radi o lokalno izraenoj posudi.

8. Ulomak ramena posude, vjerojatno lonca, grube i hra

made vessel.8. Fragment o vessel shoulder, probably a pot, with

coarse and rough surace and nonuniorm ring colour. Itcontains many very tine limestone additives. Fragment isornamented with irregular horizontal incisions o varyingwidth.

9. Fragment o vessel rim and handle, coarse structure,probably part o pot. Surace is rough, and clay containsquartz, mica and some sand as additives. Handle is ribbonlike, lightly articulated and later applied to vessel. Rim isoutwardly drawn and slightly drawn inward to better accommodate the lid. Handle begins immediately below rimand exceeds its height slightly. Traces o soot are on thehandle, vessels ring colour is not uniorm. Fragment issmall and it is difcult to say whether it was a jug or potwith several handles. 1st2nd centuries AD (?).

Jugs (Pl. 3: 10 a,b12)

The jugs which were ound are made o clay o varyingstructure, and their shapes also vary. Most o the potsherdsare too tiny to ascertain any type or any more accuratedating within Antiquity. Interesting is a juglet (cat. no. 10)which, in terms o its structure, shape and ribbed walls, is anexponent o Aegean production. Very similar juglets wereound at a shipwreck o o the Pakleni Islands which weredated rom the midrst to second centuries (Ilakovac 1968:184185, Pl. 1: 1724, 1758; Pl. 2: 1724, 1758; 195197). Thiswould be an Aegean product which appeared at the Athenian Agora and Knosssos (Robinson 1959: 41, Pl. 7: G 182;Pl. 42: G 183; Hayes 1983: 107, Fig. 6: 73). Aegeanproducedpottery was requent on the Adriatic (Pakleni Islands, Nerezine, Narona) (Ilakovac 1968: 184185, Pl. 1: 1724, 1758; Pl. 2:1724, 1758; 195197; Jurii 2000: 3435; Topi 2004: 309, Pl.65: 338339, Pl. 65: 340; Parica 2008: 88, Map 3) and in theterritory o Slovenia (Isteni 1988: 103108, note 32, Pl. II: 4;Isteni, Schneider 2000: 341, 344, Fig. 3: 2). What distinguishes the Postira juglet rom those rom the Pakleni Islandsand Nerezine is that it has no painted coating. The Postira example is similar to Hayes type II rom Knossos, datedto the rst to second centuries, as opposed to the variantsrom the third century which is painted, and this variant alsoappeared in Athens in the third century. Since the examplerom Postira is not painted, it can be dated to the rst tosecond centuries.

Catalogue description:10. Fragment o a small jug (preserved to a height o 6.6

cm). The vessel clearly had a handle, since there is visibledamage at the shoulder where it was subsequently afxed.The vessel has a base shaped like a straight and hollow oot, while the body is shaped like an onion bulb. The wallsare very thin and ribbed. The jug was wheel thrown, without coating or gloss (or none has been preserved). Theclay contains mica and sand as additives; all additives aredark brown and black. The vessels ring colour is orange tobrown and grey. 1st2nd centuries AD.

11. Fragment o jug rim and handle. Rim is straight, whilehandle begins at rim and is parallel to it. Vessels renderingis high quality, well red, and the clay is rened with some


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Kataloki brojCatalogue

number

Promjer obodaRim diameter

Promjer vrataNeck diameter

Promjer ramenaShoulderdiameter

Promjer grlaamfore / vra

Neck diameterof amphora/jug

Promjer trbuhaDiameter of

belly

Promjer dnaBase diameter

Visina posudeHeight

irina drkeHandle width

Visina nogeLeg height

Debljina stijenkeWall thickness

Boja po Munsellu*Munsell colour*

Tvrdoa **Hardness**

1 13 cm 12 cm 15,3 cm 7,5 mmGLEY12,5/N black (V), 10R5/1 reddish

gray (U), 10R5/4 weak red (P)2

2 13,7 cm 11,8 cm 14,6 cm 16,5 cm 10,8 cm 17 cm 3 6 mm

GLEY12,5/N black, 5YR4/2 dark reddish

gray, 5YR5/4 reddish brown 2

3 22,9 cm 19,6 cm 7 9 mm2,5YR7/6 light red (V, U), 2,5YR6/6

light red (P)2

4 15,1 cm 13,1 cm 18,2 cm 7 mmGLEY12,5/N black, 2,5YR4/3, reddish

brown, 2,5YR5/3 reddish brown,2

5 20,8 cm 20,9 cm 21,6 cm 22,5 cm 5 7 mmGLEY12,5/N black, 10R5/4 weak red,

10R5/1 reddish gray (P)2

6

21,8 cm(sauvani

dio)13 cm 11 21 mm

2,5Y6/3 light yellowish brown, 2,5Y5/2grayiosh brown (V); 10R5/6 red,

GLEY12,5/N black (U, P);2

7 7,5 mm7,5YR4/1dark gray, 7,5YR3/1 very darkgray (U, P); 7,5YR5/3 brown, 7,5YR5/4

brown (V)

2

8 4 7 mm7,5YR6/4 light brown (V); GLEY12,5/N

black (U); 5YR5/4reddsih brown (U)2

9 2,5 cm 5,5 mm10YR5/1gray (U, P); 10YR4/1 dakr gray

10YR5/2 grayish brown (V)1

10 7,3 cm 4,1 cm 1,4 cm 3 4 mm5Y5/1 gray (V); 2,5Y6/3 light yellowish

brown (V, P, U)1

11 2,2 cm 5 mm10YR8/3 very pale brown (V, U);

7,5YR7/4 pink (V, U); 7,5YR6/4 lightbrown (P)

2

12 14,5 cm 14,9 cm 21,5 mm 6 mm7,5YR6/6 reddish yellow (V, U);

2,5YR5/6 red (P)2

13 4,6 cm 0,7 cm 7 8 mmGLEY27/5B light bluish gray,GLEY12,5/N black (premaz)

1

14 10,8 cm 5 9 mm5YR7/6 reddish yellow (U, P), 10YR7/4

very ae brpwn (V)1

15 5 mm10YR8/4 very pale brown (V); 5YR7/6

reddish yellow (P, U)1

16 4,76,3 cm 7,2 cm 4,2 cm 58 mm2,5YR6/8 light red (V; U; P); 10YR8/4

very pale brown (PR)1

17 2 cm7,5YR7/4 pink (V); 5YR6/4 light reddish

brown (P, U);1

18 >5,5 cm 6,9 cm 5 cm 5,9 7,7cm > 24,9 cm 5,5 7,5 mm 5Y8/2 pale yellow 2

19 35 mm 10 mm10YR7/4 very pale brown (V; U); 5Y6/6

reddish yellow (P)1

20 9,7 cm 8,7 cm 8 mm10YR7/4 very pale brown (V, U);

10YR7/4 very pale brown, 10R7/6 lightred (P); 7,5YR8/4 pink (PR)

1

Tablica 1 Tablini prikaz katalokih jedinica 120 (izradila: K. Jelini)Table 1 Tabular breakdown o catalogue units 120 (made by: K. Jelini)


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Kataloki broj

Catalogue

number

Promjer oboda

Rim diameter

Promjer vrata

Neck diameter

Promjer ramena

Shoulder

diameter

Promjer grlaamfore / vra

Neck diameter ofamphora/jug

Promjer trbuha

Diameter of

belly

Promjer dna

Base diameter

Visina posude

Height

irina drke

Handle width

Visina noge

Leg height

Debljina stijenke

Wall thickness

Boja po Munsellu*

Munsell colour*

Tvrdoa **

Hardness**

21 8 mm7,5YR7/6reddish yellow (V); 5YR6/6

reddish yellow (U, P)1

22 36 mm 36 mm5YR6/6 reddish yellow (P, U): 2,5Y8/3

pale yellow (V)1

23 2,2 cm 8 12 mm 5YR6/8 reddish yellow (P, U, V) 1

24 11 mm5YR6/8 reddish yellow (P, U); 7,5YR7/6

reddish yellow (V)1

25 28 mm 6 8 mm10YR7/4 very pale brown,10YR6/4

light yellowish brown (V,U;P)1

26 10,8 cm 16,7 cm 9,6 cm > 22 cm 37 mm 11 mm 7,5YR6/8 reddish yellow (U, p, V) 2

27 4,2 cm 11 mm2,5YR6/8 light red (U); 2,5YR5/8 red

(V); 7,5YR7/8 reddish yellow (PR)2

28 11,5 mm2,5YR6/6 light red (V;P); 5Y8/2 pale

yellow1

29 8 9 mm2,5Y8/4 pale yellow (V, P); 2,5YR6/8

light red (U, P)1

30 10 mm

5YR7/6 reddish yellow (U, P); 10YR7/4

vely pale brown (V) 1

31 5,2 cm 7 10 mm 2,5YR6/8 light red (U,V,P) 1

32 3,8 cm 7 8 mm10YR8/4 very pale brown (V,P );

2,5YR6/6 light red (P, U); 10YR8/4 verypale brown (U)

1

33 3,8 cm 12 mm 7,5YR7/6 reddish yellow 1

34 5 cm 7 mm5YR6/6 reddish yelloy (U); 5YR6/8

reddish yellow (P, U)2

35 4,5 cm 8 mm2,5Y8/2 pale yellow (V), 2,5YR6/6 light

red (P, U)2

36 3,6 cm 8 10 mm5YR6/6 reddish yellow (P, U); 10YR7/4

very pale brown (V)1

37

11,6 14,3

cm 6 mm

7,5YR8/6 reddish yellow (U, P); 2,5Y8/3

pale yellow (V,P) 1Kataloki broj

Catalogue

number

Promjer vrata

Neck diameter

Promjer noge

Leg diameter

Promjer ramena

Shoulder diameter

Duina

Length

irina

Width

Debljina (stijenke ilipredmeta) Thickness

(of wall or object)

Visina predmeta

Object height

Promjer dna

Base diameter

Promjer

predmeta Object

diameter

Teina predmeta

Object weight

Boja po Munsellu*

Munsell colour*

Tvrdoa **

Hardness**

38 2,4 3,2 cm 2,7 mm > 9 cm 6 cm

39 1,3 cm 3,4 mm > 2,1 cm 4,7 cm

40 0.5 mm 4.6 cm 5.1 cm

41 1,2 mm

42 0,7 cm 1 cm

43 1 cm 1 cm

44 1 cm 1 cm

45 8,2 cm 2,2 cm 9,1 mm 27 g

46 2,6 cm 10YR8/4 very pale brown 1

47 2,6 cm 7,5YR8/4 pink (V); 7,5YR7/4 pink (P) 1

48 > 6 cm 7,5x8,1 cm

49 >10,2 cm 8,6x7,7 cm

* vanjska/exteriorV, prevlaka PR, unutranja/interiorU , presjek/cut P* * 1 moe se zarezati noktom/can be scratched with a ngernail

2 moe se zerezati noem/can be scratched with a knie3 ne moe se zarezati noem/cannot be scratched with a knie

Tablica 2 Tablini prikaz katalokih jedinica 2149 (izradila: K. Jelini)Table 2 Tabular breakdown o catalogue units 2149 (made by: K. Jelini)


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pave povrine, neujednaene boje peenja. Ima mnogo vrlo sitnih primjesa vapnenca. Ulomak je ukraen nepravilnimvodoravnim urezima razliite irine.

9. Ulomak oboda i drke posude, grube strukture, vjerojatno od lonca. Povrina je hrapava, u glini ima primjesa kvarca, tinjca i neto pijeska. Drka je trakasta, blago je

prolirana i naknadno je dodana na posudu. Obod posudeizvuen je prema van i s unutranje strane blago je uvuenkako bi poklopac bolje prijanjao. Drka poinje odmahispod oboda te ga blago nadvisuje. Na drki se nalaze tragovi gara, posuda nije ujednaene boje peenja. Ulomak jemali i teko je rei radi li se o vru ili loncu s vie drki. 1. 2.st. (?).

Vrevi (T. 3: 10 a, b 12)

Vrevi koji su pronaeni izraeni od gline raznolikestrukture i razliitog su oblika. Veina ulomaka presitna jeda bi nam pomogla u odreivanju tipa i tonijeg datiranjaunutar razdoblja antike. Zanimljiv je vri (kat. br. 10) koji

po svojoj strukturi, obliku i narebrenim stijenkama pripadaegejskoj proizvodnji. Vrlo slini vrii pronaeni su na brodolomu pored Paklenih otoka koji se datiraju od sredine 1.do kraja 2. st. (Ilakovac 1968: 184185, T. 1: 1724, 1758; T. 2:1724, 1758; 195197). To bi bio egejski proizvod koji se javljana Atenskoj Agori i Knossosu (Robinson 1959: 41, Pl. 7: G 182;Pl. 42: G 183; Hayes 1983: 107, g. 6: 73). Keramika egejskeproizvodnje esta je na Jadranu (Pakleni otoci, Nerezine,Narona) (Ilakovac 1968: 184185, T. 1: 1724, 1758; T. 2: 1724,1758; 195197; Jurii 2000: 3435; Topi 2004: 309, T. 65:338339, T. 65: 340; Parica 2008: 88, karta 3) i na podrujuSlovenije (Isteni 1988: 103108, bilj. 32, T. II: 4; Isteni,Schneider 2000: 341, 344, Fig. 3:2). Ono to razlikuje vriiz Postira od onih s Paklenih otoka i Nerezina je i to to onnema nikakav premaz. Postirski primjerak bi bio srodan tipuII po Hayesu iz Knossosa koji se datira u 1. 2. st. za razlikuod varijante iz 3. st. koja je bojana, a u toj varijanti se u 3. st.

javlja i u Ateni. Kako primjerak iz Postira nije bojan, moemoga datirati u 1. 2. st.

Kataloki opis:10. Ulomci malog vra (sauvan u visini od 6,6 cm). Jasno

je da je posuda imala drku budui da je na ramenu vidljivo oteenje gdje je ona bila naknadno priljepljena. Posudaima dno u obliku ravne i uplje noge, a tijelo u obliku lukovice. Stijenke su vrlo tanke i narebrene. Vr je izraen na kolu,bez prevlake i premaza (ili on nije sauvan). U glini se nalazeprimjese tinjca i pijeska, sve su primjese tamno smee i crne

boje. Posuda je naranaste do smee i sive boje peenja.1. 2. st.

11. Ulomak oboda i drke vra. Obod je ravan, a drkapoinje na obodu i paralelna je s obodom. Posuda je kvalitetne izrade, dobro je peena, a glina je proiena uz netoprimjesa pijeska. Antika.

12. Ulomak vra. Sauvan je iroki ravni obod. Odmahispod oboda poinje prolirana naljepljena drka. Posuda

je ujednaene boje peenja s vanjske i unutranje strane(naranasta), a unutranjost je crvena. Nema mnogo vidljivih primjesa, samo neto pijeska. Antika.

sand additives. Antiquity.12. Jug ragment. Broad straight rim preserved. Imme

diately below rim, articulated and afxed handle begins.Vessel has uniorm ring colour on interior and exterior(orange), while interior is red. Not many visible additives,only a small quantity o sand. Antiquity.

Indeterminate kitchen ware vessel types (Pl. 3:

1315)

Under cat. no. 13 there is a ragment o a grey redvessel with black to dark grey nonuniorm coating. Suchpottery was requent throughout the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic era, and it was manuactured in manyworkshops in various regions, with several developmentalphases. This is table and luxury ware which remained in useuntil the appearance o Roman table ware, sigillatae rstand oremost. Interesting here is the nal phase o this potterys production in the latter hal o the rst century BC andin the rst century AD (Robinson 1959; Grassi 1996, 53, 66,

67; Rotro 1997: 232233; Jurii 2000: 27; Santoro Bianchi2005: 105106; Tarborelli 2005: 59, 73; Yntema 2005: 5). Suchpottery was requent in central Dalmatia, both as a localproduct and as imports (Kirigin et al. 1998: 16; Hayes 2008:59). This is nonetheless a very small ragment, ound in thell together with Late Antique and late medieval nds, andit is difcult to determine precisely.

Catalogue description:13. Base o a small vessel with oot, a bowl or cuPl. Ves

sel is made o rened clay with out visible additives. Firingcolour is grey, nonriable, while on its external wall there isa dark grey to black coating o nonuniorm intensity. Antiquity.

14. Base o vessel, probably a jug. Base is at and prominent, surace is smooth and quite riable, made o renedclay. A negligible quantity o sand can be discerned. The ring colour is uniorm, orange in the interior wall and crosssection, yellow on exterior. Antiquity.

15. Fragment o vessel, probably a jug. Exterior wall hasyellowish coating, and is ornamented with bands made oshallowly engraved horizontal lines. Vessel is well and uniormly red, with slightly rough, riable surace. It has smallquantities o sand additives. Irregular cracks can be seen inthe crosssection. Antiquity.

Amphorae (Pl. 46)

Neither the type nor production site, and thus not even

a precise production date, nor time o use can be ascertained or most o the ragments in the catalogue. Nonetheless, here we have decided to present all o the ragmentsin sketch and photograph in order to demonstrate the diversity o materials and in order to provide an insight intothe presence o such ceramics in the analysis o other, similar sites. Among the amphorae with dened types, theeastern Mediterranean amphora types LR1, LR2, and LR5and Arican amphorae (e.g. miniature spatheion type amphorae) are present. Besides these, several other ragmentsare assumed to be Arican in origin due to the structure othe brickred ragments with whitish coating (Raynaud, Bo


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Neodredivi tipovi posuda stolne keramike (T. 3: 1315)Pod kat. br. 13 nalazi se ulomak sivo peene posude sa

crnim do tamno sivim i neujednaenim premazom. Takvakeramika esta je u helenizmu na cijelom Mediteranu, aproizvodila se u velikom broju radionica u razliitim regijamas vie svojih razvojnih aza. Radi se o stolnom i luksuznom

posuu koje se zadralo u upotrebi sve do pojave rimskestolne keramike, u prvom redu sigillatae. Ono to je ovdjezanimljivo zavrna je aza proizvodnje takve keramike u drugoj polovici 1. st. pr. Kr. i u 1. po. Kr. (Robinson 1959; Grassi1996: 53, 66, 67; Rotro 1997: 232233; Jurii 2000: 27; Santoro Bianchi 2005: 105106; Tarborelli 2005: 59, 73; Yntema2005: 5). Takva keramika esta je u srednjoj Dalmaciji, kao lo kalna proizvodnja i kao import (Kirigin et al. 1998: 16; Hayes2008: 59). Ipak rije je o vrlo malom ulomku, pronaenom unasipu s kasnoantikim i kasnosrednjovjekovnim nalazimate ga je teko vremenski precizno odrediti.

Kataloki opis:13. Dno manje posude s nogom, zdjelice ili ae. Posuda

je izraena od proiene gline bez vidljivih primjesa. Siveje boje peenja, ne otire se, a na vanjskoj stijenci nalazi setamno sivi do crni premaz, neujednaenog intenziteta. Antika.

14. Dno posude, vjerojatno vra. Dno je ravno inaglaeno, povrina je glatka i jako se otire, od proienegline. Uoava se neznatna koliina pijeska. Boja peenjaujednaena je, naranasta na unutranjoj stijenki i upresjeku, a izvana uta. Antika.

15. Ulomak posude, vjerojatno vra. Vanjska stijenka imaukasti premaz, a ukraena je trakama od plitko urezanihvodoravnih linija. Posuda je dobro i ujednaeno peena,malo hrapava i otire se na dodir. Ima malo primjesa pijeska.Na presjeku se uoavaju nepravilne pukotine. Antika.

Amore (T. 46)

Za vei dio ulomaka u katalogu zbog ragmentarnostinije mogue tono odrediti tip niti mjesto, a time i tonovrijeme njihove proizvodnje, te vrijeme koritenja. Ipak,ovdje smo odluili prikazati sve ulomke u cr teu i otograjikako bi se vidjela raznolikost materijala i kako bi se pri obradi drugih slinih lokaliteta imao uvid u zastupljenost takvekeramike. Od amora iji su tipovi denirani zastupljeni suistono mediteranski tipovi amora LR1, LR2, LR5 i arikeamore (npr. minijaturne amore tipa spatheion). Pored njih,za jo neke ulomke pretpostavlja se ariko podrijetlo zbogstrukture ulomaka ciglastocrvene boje i bjelkastog prema

za (Raynaud, Boniay 1993: 15); (kat. br. 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34,35 i 37). Takva situacija ne iznenauje jer se arike amore naJadranu esto javljaju (Tassaux 2004: 29). Dijelu amora nijebilo mogue odrediti tip zbog ragmentiranosti, ali su zbognarebrenog ukrasa opredijeljene kao istono mediteranskekasnoantike amore (kat. br. 24, 25, 30). Arike amore na

jadranskom podruju zastupljene su od 3. stoljea (Jurii2000: 56) to znai da se ulomci koji su ovdje pripisaniarikoj proizvodnji mogu datirati od 3. st. do 7. stoljea.

Nalaz kasnoantikih arikih i istono mediteranskihamora u Postirima svakako je u okviru oekivanja buduida je to est sluaj na jadranskim lokalitetima (Jurii 2000:

niay 1993: 15); (cat. no. 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35 and 37). Thissituation is not surprising, since Arican amphorae appearrequently in the Adriatic zone (Tassaux 2004: 29). The typeo certain amphorae could not be determined due to theirragmentary condition, but based on their ribbed ornamentation they were classied as eastern Mediterranean Late

Antique amphorae (cat. no. 24, 25, 30). Arican amphoraewere present in the Adriatic region since the third century(Jurii 2000: 56), which means that the ragments here attributed to Arican production may be dated rom the thirdto seventh centuries.

The discovery o Late Antique Arican and eastern Mediterranean amphorae in Postira is certainly within theramework o expectations, since this is oten the case atAdriatic sites (Jurii 2000: 57).

Amphorae remained in use or an extended periodwhich makes them difcult to date (Kati 1999/2000: 42),while here they were ound in ragments around Late Antique walls, without stratigraphy, together with nds rom

other periods. This is why it is difcult to precisely determine them chronologically and state when precisely theycame to Postira and whether they played some secondaryrole and how long this lasted.

Amphora type LR1 (Beltran 82, Keays LIIIA, Class 44A) ispresent in one example (cat. no. 19), and it has been datedrom the th to seventh centuries. It can be ound rom Britain, through the Mediterranean to Arica and the Black Seaand lower Danube Basin, but also in the Adriatic seaboard.Possible production sites or this type o amphora are theEastern Mediterranean, Rhodes, Cyprus and the vicinity oAntioch (Beltrn 1970: 579580; Keay 1984: 268269, 273274, 278; Peacock, Williams 1986: 185187; Empereur, Picon1989: 236239; Laubenheimer 1990: 145; Sciallano, Sibella1994: 100; Reynolds 1995: 71; Caravale, Tooletti 1997: 162;Modrijan 2005: 157158, Fig. 2: 1, Fig. 3: 3). This type is otenound at Adriatic sites: Dugopolje (Jurii 2000: 57; Borzi,Jadri 2007: 159), Narona (Mardei, alov 2002: 119 cat.no. 64; Topi 2005: 30, cat. no. 75), Salona (Mardei 1994:294), Silba (undersea) (Babi 2008: 213214), and Split (Topi1999a: 81, Pl. IV: 10).

Amphora type LR2 (Class 43, Keay LXV) is present in several examples (cat. no. 20, 21, 22, perhaps: 24, 25, 30). Production o this type has been dated rom the ourth to theend o the sixth century, and there are some indications oproduction even in the seventh century. It was particularlywellrepresented in the late th and sixth centuries. Their

assumed production site is the territory o the Aegean andBlack Seas, and due to the high quantity o such amphoraeit is assumed that they were produced in other centres aswell. They were used to transport wine. The type is presentin Britain, Tunisia, Cyrenaica, Romania, Athens and Istanbul (Keay 1984: 352356; Peacock, Williams 1986: 182184;Sciallano, Sibella 1994: 101; Caravale, Tooletti 1997: 170).Amphorae o this type appear on the Adriatic coast andislands (Vrsalovi 1974: 140, no. 150; Jurii 2000: 57), in Slovenia at the Tonovcov grad site (Modrijan 2005: 161), in Hvar(Kati 1999/2000: 2626), in the Early Christian church in Gata (Kati 1994: 204), Novi Vinodolski, Premuda, Rogoznica,


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57).Amore se dugo zadravaju u upotrebi to oteava njiho

vo datiranje (Kati 1999/2000: 42), a ovdje su pronaene uulomcima uokolo kasnoantikih zidova, bez stratigraje,zajedno s nalazima drugih razdoblja. Zbog toga ih je tekovremenski tono opredijeliti i rei kada su tono dole u Po

stira i jesu li doivjele neku sekundarnu ulogu i do kada jeona trajala.Tip amore LR1 (Beltran 82, Keays LIIIA, Class 44A) zastu

pljen je s jednim primjerom (kat. br. 19), a datira se od 5. 7.st. Nalazi ga se od Britanije, preko Mediterana i Arike do Crnog mora i donjeg Podunavlja, ali i na Jadranu. Kao moguamjesta proizvodnje amora ovog tipa smatraju se IstoniMediteran, Rodos, Cipar i okolica Antiohije (Beltrn 1970:579580; Keay 1984: 268269, 273274, 278; Peacock, Williams 1986: 185187; Empereur, Picon 1989: 236239; Laubenheimer 1990: 145; Sciallano, Sibella 1994: 100; Reynolds1995: 71; Caravale, Tooletti 1997: 162; Modrijan 2005: 157158, Fig. 2: 1, Fig. 3: 3). Ovaj tip esto se nalazi na jadranskim

lokalitetima: Dugopolje (Jurii 2000: 57; Borzi, Jadri 2007:159), Narona (Mardei, alov 2002: 119, kat. br. 64; Topi2005: 30, kat. br. 75), Salona (Mardei 1994: 294), Silba (umoru) (Babi 2008: 213214), Split (Topi 1999a: 81, T. IV: 10).

Tip amore LR2 (Class 43, Keay LXV) zastupljen je s vieprimjera (kat. br. 20, 21, 22, moda: 24, 25, 30). Proizvodnjaovog tipa datira se od 4. do kraja 6., a postoje i neke naznakeza proizvodnju i u 7. st. Naroito je zastupljen u kasnom 5. i6. stoljeu. Pretpostavljeno mjesto proizvodnje je podrujeEgejskog i Crnog mora, a zbog velike koliine ovakvih amora pretpostavlja se da je njihova proizvodnja mogua i udrugim centrima. Bile su namijenjene za prijevoz vina. Tip

je zastupljen u Britaniji, Tunisu, Kirenaici, Rumunjskoj, Ateni i Istambulu (Keay 1984: 352356; Peacock, Williams 1986:182184; Sciallano, Sibella 1994: 101; Caravale, Tooletti1997: 170). Amore ovog tipa pojavljuju se na Jadranskojobali i otocima (Vrsalovi 1974: 140, br. 150; Jurii 2000: 57),u Sloveniji na lokalitetu Tonovcov grad (Modrijan 2005: 161),u Hvaru (Kati 1999/2000: 2626), u starokranskoj crkvi uGatima (Kati 1994: 204), Novom Vinodolskom, Premudi, Rogoznici, rnovu, ibenskom kanalu i njegovoj okolici (Brusi1976: 33, 35, T. III: 2), na lokalitetu Fizine kod Portoroa (Gaspari et al. 2007: 180, T. 10: 279; T. 11: 280282), Guranu naKriu (Beki 2007: 34, sl. 30, T. 9: 20), u Dugopolju (Borzi,Jadri 2007: 159), Naroni s vie poloaja (Mardei 1998: 106,T. 4: 34; Mardei, alov 2002: 116, 118, 121, 128, 133, kat. br.49, 56, 70, 74, 112, 142; Topi 2005: 29, kat. br. 6971), Srimi

(Brusi 2005: 263), Hvaru (u moru) (Babi 2008: 213214) iSplitu (Topi 1999a: 81, T. V: 2).

Tip LR 5 (Class 46, Palestinski tip) u Postirima zastupljens katalokim brojem 23. Proizvodnja tog tipa smjeta se usjevernu Palestinu, od 5. do 7. st., a osim u podruju gdjese proizvodila, zastupljena je u brojnim centrima na Mediteranu (Peacock, Williams 1986: 191192; Caravale, Tooletti 1997: 160). Ovaj tip zastupljen je openito na Jadranu(Jurii 2000: 57), npr. u Hvaru gdje je datiran u 6. 7. st.(Kati 1999/2000: 3738), na otoku Mljetu u Polaama gdje

je datiran u 6. st. (Brusi 1988: 141, 146, sl. 4: 2).U ovom istraivanju pronaena su tri ulomka mini

rnovo, the ibenik Channel and its vicinity (Brusi 1976: 33,35, Pl. III: 2), at the Fizine site near Portoro (Gaspari et al.2007: 180, Pl. 10: 279; Pl. 11; 280282), Guran at Kri (Beki2007: 34, Fig. 30, Pl. 9: 20), in Dugopolje (Borzi, Jadri 2007:159), Narona at several sites (Mardei 1998: 106, Pl. 4: 34;Mardei, alov 2002: 116, 118, 121, 128, 133, cat. no. 49, 56,

70, 74, 112, 142; Topi 2005: 29, cat. no. 6971), Srima (Brusi2005: 263), Hvar (undersea) (Babi 2008: 213214) and Split(Topi 1999a: 81, Pl. V: 2).

Type LR 5 (Class 46, Palestine type) is present in Postirawith catalogue number 23. Production o this type has been located in northern Palestine, rom the th to seventhcenturies, and besides the area in which it was produced, itwas also present in numerous centres in the Mediterranean(Peacock, Williams 1986: 191192; Caravale, Tooletti 1997:160). This type was generally present in the Adriatic (Jurii2000: 57), e.g. in Hvar, where it has been dated to the sixthseventh centuries (Kati 1999/2000: 3738), on the island oMljet in Polae, where it has been dated to the sixth century

(Brusi 1988: 141, 146, Fig. 4: 2).Three ragments o miniature amphorae (cat. no. 1618)were ound in the course o this research. Two (cat. no. 16,18) may be classied as type 33 C according to Boniay (Boniay 2004: 452453; 2005: 127; 2008: 127129). These areminiature amphorae with cylindrical bodies, or miniaturespatheia.9 Cat. no. 17 is only a base, and its variant cannotbe determined. Boniay provided a typology and gatheredthe most important inormation or this amphora type. There is a large number o variants o this miniature amphoratype, and some uncertainty as to their production site precisely due to the wide array o structures in the clay usedto make them and the wide territory o their distribution inthe Mediterranean, Danube Basin and the Alpine zone. Theheight o variant C was between 40 and 44 cm, while thediameter o the body was 89 or 1213 cm. The type appears with and without handles, and both variants were oundin Postira. Boniay proposed dating these amphoras to thelatter hal o the seventh century (Boniay 2005: 129) whilesome scholars dated them even earlier, but not prior to thesecond quarter o the sixth century (Villa 1998: 179, note 17).The production site o variant C was apparently in Arica, inthe province o Arica Proconsularis/Zeugitana, in the city oNeapolis(Nabeul). The structure o the ceramic ound there,i compared to the example under cat. no. 18. rom Postira,would appear to be the same (Boniay 2005, 39, Pl. I, no. 22).Presently it is assumed that they were used to hold wineand olives. Amphorae similar to cat. no. 18 were also oundin Carthagena, Athens, Ostia and in the territory o Slovenia.The amphorae ound in the SaintGervais 2 shipwreck andat other sites o southern Gallia have been dated to the seventh century. In the case o variants o miniature cylindrical amphora produced in Arica, dierent structures romwhich they were made have been ascertained, while theexamples rom Postira t into this picture. Examples o miniature spatheia (capacity: 0.961.43 l) were also ound onthe western coast o the Adriatic and in Moesia Superior.

9 Fromtheproblemsassociatedwiththetermspatheion,see:Bonifay2005:452.


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jaturnih amora (kat. br. 1618). Dva (kat. br. 16, 18) moguodrediti kao tip 33 C po Boniayu (Boniay 2004: 452453;2005: 127; 2008: 127129). Rije je o minijaturnim amoramacilindrinog tijela odnosno minijaturnim spatheionima.9 Kat.br. 17 predstavlja samo dno i nije mogue odrediti varijantu.Boniay donosi tipologiju te okuplja najvanije inormacije

za ovu vrstu amora. Postoji velik broj varijanti ovog tipa minijaturnih amora kao i nedoumice koje se odnose na mjestaproizvodnje upravo zbog velikog broja struktura gline odkojih su izraivane i velikog podruja njihove rasprostranjenosti na Mediteranu, Podunavlju i alpskom podruju. Visinavarijante C bila je izmeu 40 44 cm, a promjer tijela iznosio

je 8 9 ili 12 13 cm. Tip se javlja bez ruki i s njima, a u Postirima su pronaene obje varijante. Boniay predlae datiranje ovih amora u drugu polovinu 7. st. (Boniay 2005: 129)dok ih neki autori datiraju i neto ranije, ali ne prije drugeetvrtine 6. st. (Villa 1998: 179, bilj. 17). Mjesto proizvodnjevarijante C, ini se, bilo je u Arici u provinciji Arica Procon-sularis/Zeugitana u gradu Neapolis (Nabeul). Struktura kera

mike koja je tamo pronaena, ako se usporedi s primjerkomkat. br. 18. iz Postira, ini se ista (Boniay 2005: 39, Pl. I, n22).Za sada se pretpostavlja da su koritene za uvanje vina imaslina. Vrlo sline amore, kat. br. 18, pronaene su takoeru Kartageni, Ateni, Ostiji i na podruju Slovenije. U 7. stoljeedatiraju se amore pronaene na mjestu brodoloma SaintGervais 2 kao i na drugim lokalitetima june Galije. Za varijante minijaturnih cilindrinih amora arike proizvodnjepotvrene su razliite strukture od kojih su izraene, aprimjeri iz Postira se uklapaju u takvu sliku. Primjerci minijaturnih spatheiona (kapacitet od 0,96 1,43 l) pronaeni su ina zapadnoj obali Jadrana i u Gornjoj Meziji. Njihova velikakoncentracija uoena je na nekoliko ranokranskih lokaliteta i njihova se uloga povezuje s liturgijom (Tchernia 1969:470473; Beltrn 1970: 7682, 570571; Keay 1984: 215216;Peacock, Williams 1986: 203203; Gutin 1991: 44, kat. br. 20;Villa 1994: 390391, T. 7: 1112; Bjelajac 1996: 8791, sl. XXXI:165, 167171, 173176, 183; Boniay, Pieri 1998: 371372; Sagu 1998: 313; Siena et al. 1998: 704, 706, sl. 34: 15 26; Volpeet al. 2004: 361362; Jzgou 1998: 345346, sl. 306; Bitenc,Knic 2001: 3536, kat. br. 95, 5253, kat. br. 147, 57, kat. br.166, 6061, kat. br. 180; Murialdo 2005: 396; Boniay 2005:452453, 464, g. 5; Vidrih Perko, upani 2005: 534, g.9: 1).

Kataloki opis amora:16. Obod, vrat i rame minijaturne amore tip spatheion

33 C. Sauvana su dva ulomka koja se ne spajaju: obod i dio

vrata; te vrat, rame i dio tijela. Zbog toga je nemogue odrediti kolika je bila visina vrata. Obod je prstenastog oblika,polukruno ispupen prema van i blago proliran. Vrat jeui od oboda i cilindrinog je oblika, takoer je ui od ramena i cilindrinog tijela posude. Na stijenkama je sauvanaprevlaka ute boje u tragovima. Povrina je hrapava,ujednaene boje peenja, otire se na dodir i ima primjesevapnenca. Zbog premaza se pretpostavlja da je u posudiuvana tekuina. Keramika je ujednaeno i dobro peena.Zapremnina posude je bila vjerojatno nekoliko decilitara.Druga polovina 6. do 7. st.

9 Z pb spatheionvidi:Bonifay2005:452.

A high concentration has been noted at several Early Christian sites and their role is associated with the liturgy (Tchernia 1969: 470473; Beltrn 1970: 7682, 570571; Keay 1984:215216; Peacock, Williams 1986: 203203; Gutin 1991: 44,cat. no. 20; Villa 1994, 390391, T. 7: 1112; Bjelajac 1996:8791, Fig. XXXI: 165, 167, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176,

183, Boniay, Pieri 1998: 371372; Sagu 1998: 313; Siena etal. 1998: 704, 706, Fig. 34: 1526; Volpe et al. 2004: 361362;Jzgou 1998: 345346, Fig. 306; Bitenc, Knic 2001: 3536,cat. no. 95; 5253, cat. no. 147; 57, cat. no. 166, 6061, cat. no.180; Murialdo 2005, 396; Boniay 2005: 452453, 464, Fig. 5;Vidrih Perko, upani 2005, 534, Fig. 9: 1).

Catalogue description o amphorae:16. Rim, neck and shoulder o miniature spatheion type

33 C amphora. Two pieces which do not connect have been preserved: rim and part o neck; and neck, shoulder andpart o the body. Because o this it is impossible to determine how high the neck was. The rim is ringshaped, protruding outwardly semicircularly and lightly articulated. The

neck is narrower than the rim and is cylindrical, also narrower than the shoulder and the vessels cylindrical body.Traces o white coating have been preserved on the walls.The surace is rough, with uniorm ring colour, riable, withlimestone additives. Due to the coating, it is assumed thatthe vessel was used to hold liquids. The ceramic is uniormand well red. The vessels capacity was probably severaldecilitres. Latter hal o 6th7th century.

17. Depressed base o miniature spatheion type amphorashaped like a point. There is very small quantity o limestone and mica additives, and a considerable quantity o sand.The vessels ring colour is uniorm, while the crosssectionand interior have traces o burning which appeared aterthe vessel was destroyed. Small, irregular voids are visiblein the crosssection, which were created by the burning osubstances in the clay mass during ring o the vessel. Latter hal o 6th7th century.

18. Part o a miniature spatheion 33 C type amphora.The vessel has a uniorm whitish ring colour. The suraceis slightly rough, but not riable. The clay has almost no visible additives, only a small quantity o quartz. The neck hasbeen preserved, and the handles begin at it and end at thevessels shoulder (rim has not been preserved). The throatis somewhat narrower than the vessels body. The body iscylindrical, narrowing lightly toward the base which has notbeen preserved. The preserved part o the vessel is 24.9 cmlong, which indicates that this is a very small vessel, with

capacity o 23 dl. Latter hal o 6th7th century.19. Fragments o LR1 amphora. The rim is broad, banded,

outwardly curved, lip is rounded. The central portion o theband is drawn inward, and the edge is curved like the base, which orms a clear transition to the vessels throat. Thehandle is afxed to the rim (slightly below the actual edgeo the rim) and ends at the amphoras shoulder. It bends ata right angle and is articulated. The throat is somewhat narrower than the rim and expands into the rounded shoulder.The surace o the vessel is rough, particularly on the exterior wall. The handles were added subsequently, which canbe seen quite well at the connection between the handles


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17. Udubljeno dno minijaturne amore tip spatheion uobliku pica. Ima vrlo malo primjesa vapnenca i tinjca, tedosta primjesa pijeska. Posuda je ujednaene boje peenja,a presjek i unutranjost imaju tragove gorenja koji su nastalinakon unitavanja posude. U presjeku su vidljive male nepravilne upljine, nastale izgaranjem sastojaka u glinenoj

masi prilikom peenja posude. Druga polovina 6. do 7. st.18. Dio minijaturne amore tip spatheion 33 C. Posuda je ujednaene bjeliaste boje peenja. Povrina je malo hrapava, ali se na dodir ne otire. Glina gotovo nemavidljivih primjesa, tek neto kvarca. Sauvan je vrat gdjepoinju drke koje zavravaju na ramenu posude (obod nijesauvan). Grlo je neto ue od samog tijela posude. Tijelo

je cilindrino, blago se suava pri dnu koje nije sauvano.Sauvani dio posude je dug 24,9 cm, to govori da se radio vrlo maloj posudi, zapremnine 2 3 dl. Druga polovina6. do 7. st.

19. Ulomci amore LR1. Obod je irok, trakast, izvijen prema van, usta su zaobljena. Sredinji dio trake uvuen je, a

rub je izvijen kao i dno koje tvori jasan prijelaz prema grluposude. Drka je naljepljena na obod (neto ispod samogruba oboda) i zavrava na ramenu amore. Lomi se pod pravim kutom i prolirana je. Grlo je neto ue od oboda i iri seu zaobljeno rame. Povrina posude je hrapava, osobito navanjskoj stijenci. Drke su naknadno dodane to se dobrovidi na spoju drke i oboda. Vanjska stijenka i drke imajupovrinu koja je grublja od unutranje i prekrivena je mnogobrojnim, jako usitnjenim mrvicama vapnenca, u manjojmjeri tinjcem i pijeskom. One se ne uoavaju na presjekui na unutranjoj stijenki. Nalaze se iskljuivo na drkama,vanjskoj stijenki i unutranjoj stijenki oboda. 6. 7. st.

20. Ulomak oboda LR2 amore. Obod je blago izvijenprema van i zaobljen na unutranjoj strani. Vrat posudesuava se prema tijelu. Unutranja i vanjska stijenka iste suboje peenja, dok se u presjeku ona razlikuje. Na unutranjojstijenci ispod oboda uoavaju se tragovi prevlake svijetloute boje. Povrina je glatka. Posuda je s primjesama pijeskai dobro je peena. 6. 7. st.

21. Ulomak grla, ruke i ramena LR2 amore. Povrinase na dodir jako otire, a mjestimino je sauvan premazsmee boje. Posuda je ukraena vodoravnim uskim i plitkimljebovima na ramenu. Vrat je uzak i cilindrian, a pri njegovu dnu poinje drka koja zavrava na ramenu posude.Posuda je ujednaene boje peenja s vrlo malo primjesa(pijeska i vapnenca). U presjeku se ponegdje javljaju nepravilne upljine. 6 7. st.

22. Ulomk ramena, trbuha i ruke LR2 amore. Trbuh jeukraen gustim vodoravnim ljebovima. Drka poinje naramenu. Posuda je dobro peena, a s vanjske strane nalazise prevlaka to znai da je koritena za prijenos i uvanjetekuine. Na povrini, a osobito na presjeku, uoavaju serazliite nepravilne pukotine. Ima primjesa pijeska i netovapnenca. 6. 7. st.

23. Ulomak ramena i drka amore tip LR5. Drka jenaknadno dodana na rame amore ukraene vodoravnimljebovima. Prstenastog je oblika i grubo izraena. Povrina

je glatka i otire se. Glina ima malo primjesa pijeska i vapnenca. 6. 7. st.

and rim. The exterior wall and handles have a coarser surace than the interior, and they are covered with numerous,very tiny particles o limestone and, to a lesser degree, micaand sand. These cannot be seen in the crosssection andon the interior walls. They can be ound exclusively on thehandles, exterior wall and on the interior wall o the rime.

6th

7th

centuries.20. Fragment o LR2 amphora rim. Rim is lightly curvedoutward and rounded on the inside. Vessels throat narrowstoward body. Interior and exterior walls have the same ring colour, while it diers in the crosssection. Traces olight yellow coating visible on the interior wall below therim. Surace is smooth. Vessel has sand additives and is wellred. 6th7th centuries.

21. Fragment o throat, handles and shoulder o LR2 amphora. Surace is very riable, while brown paint has beenpartially preserved. Vessel is ornamented with horizontalnarrow and shallow grooves on the shoulder. The neck isnarrow and cylindrical, while the handle begins at its base

and ends at the vessels shoulder. The vessel has a uniormring colour with very small quantity o additives (sand andlimestone). Irregular voids appear in the crosssection. 6 th7th centuries.

22. Fragment o shoulder, belly and handle o LR2 amphora. Belly is ornamented with thick horizontal grooves.Handle begins at shoulder. Vessel is well red, while theexterior side has a coating which means that it was usedto transport and hold liquids. Various irregular cracks arevisible on the surace, and particularly at the crosssection.Contains sand and some limestone additives. 6th7th centuries.

23. Fragment o the shoulder and handle o LR5 typeamphora. Handle was subsequently afxed to shoulder oamphora, ornamented with horizontal grooves. It is ringshaped and coarsely made. Surace is smooth and riable.Clay has small quantity o sand and limestone additives. 6th7th centuries.

24. Fragment o Late Antique amphora ornamentedwith wavy shallow grooves. Vessel is wellred with considerable quantity o limestone additives. Cracks o varioussizes and shapes appear on the surace and in crosssection.Perhaps type LR2 (?).6th7th centuries.

25. Fragment o amphora belly and shoulder, perhapstype LR2. Fragment is decorated with three rows o verythickly engraved shallow grooves. Vessel is well red, withcoating on exterior, meaning it was used to hold liquids.

Clay has sand and mica additives. 6th7th centuries.26. Fragment o rim and handle o amphora or jug. Rim

is straight, with rounded edge. Vessels handle begins immediately beneath rim. Vessel is well and uniormly red,exterior and interior colour are the same, while crosssection is dierent. Clay has sand and mica additives.

27. Base o amphora shaped like onion bulb. Vessel hasuniorm ring colour. Orange coating on exterior wall partially preserved, while vessel has red red colour. No visibleadditives, while irregular cracks caused by burning o substances in the clay mass are visible in the crosssection.

28. Fragment o amphora neck and shoulder. Vessel

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Documents

Novi arheološki nalazi iz Postira na otoku Braču / New archaeological finds from Postira on the island of Brač