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Intro to Planetary Motion.notebook 1 November 13, 2011 Jan 46:51 PM Chapter 7 Gravitation Objectives Relate Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the law of universal gravitation. Calculate orbital speeds and periods Solve orbital motion problems Relate weightlessness to objects in free fall Describe gravitational fields Describe views on gravitation Jan 46:56 PM Activity Follow instructions on page 171 of your textbook. Each of you has a clean sheet of paper, a ruler, and protractor. What shape do you get for the orbital path of Mercury? Jan 47:08 PM Orbital Positions of Planets and Comet Churyumon Gerasimenko Jan 47:10 PM Historical Perspective Ancient Times Planets and Sun believed to revolve around Earth Followed theories of Ptolemy (c. 100 AD) Copernicus (1473 1543) Believed objects revolved around the Sun. Orbits were circular Jan 47:21 PM Tycho Brahe (1546 1601) Believed that the Sun and Moon orbited Earth with everything else orbiting the Sun. Died (murdered?) without proving his theory which was later disproven by his student (killer?), Johannes Kepler. Jan 47:34 PM Johannes Kepler (1571 1630) Assistant to Tycho Brahe Disagreed with Brahe about the orbits of planets Believed Copernicus' heliocentric model Used Brahe's measurements to relate the laws of motion to the planets.

November 13, 2011 - WordPress.com · November 13, 2011 Jan 46:51 PM Chapter 7 Gravitation Objectives Relate Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the law of universal gravitation

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Page 1: November 13, 2011 - WordPress.com · November 13, 2011 Jan 46:51 PM Chapter 7 Gravitation Objectives Relate Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the law of universal gravitation

Intro to Planetary Motion.notebook

1

November 13, 2011

Jan 4­6:51 PM

Chapter 7 ­ Gravitation

Objectives­ Relate Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the 

law of universal gravitation.­ Calculate orbital speeds and periods­ Solve orbital motion problems­ Relate weightlessness to objects in free fall­ Describe gravitational fields­ Describe views on gravitation

Jan 4­6:56 PM

Activity ­ Follow instructions on page 171 of your textbook.

Each of you has a clean sheet of paper, a ruler, and protractor.

What shape do you get for the orbital path of Mercury?

Jan 4­7:08 PM

Orbital Positions of Planets and Comet Churyumon­Gerasimenko

Jan 4­7:10 PM

Historical Perspective

Ancient Times­ Planets and Sun believed to revolve around Earth­ Followed theories of Ptolemy (c. 100 AD)

Copernicus (1473 ­ 1543)­ Believed objects revolved around the Sun.­ Orbits were circular

Jan 4­7:21 PM

Tycho Brahe (1546 ­ 1601)­ Believed that the Sun and Moon orbited Earth with 

everything else orbiting the Sun.­ Died (murdered?) without proving his theory which

was later disproven by his student (killer?), JohannesKepler.

Jan 4­7:34 PM

Johannes Kepler (1571 ­ 1630)­ Assistant to Tycho Brahe­ Disagreed with Brahe about the orbits of planets

­ Believed Copernicus' heliocentric model­ Used Brahe's measurements to relate the laws of 

motion to the planets.

Page 2: November 13, 2011 - WordPress.com · November 13, 2011 Jan 46:51 PM Chapter 7 Gravitation Objectives Relate Kepler's laws of planetary motion to the law of universal gravitation

Intro to Planetary Motion.notebook

2

November 13, 2011

Jan 4­7:43 PM

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

1st Law­ Orbital paths of all planets around the sun are ellipses.

­ The sun is one focal point.­ Also applies to comets

2nd Law­ Planets move faster when closer to the Sun and slower

when they are further away.­ An imaginary line sweeps out from the sun sweeps 

out equal areas over equal time intervals.

Each of the first two laws applies to each celestial body individually.

Jan 4­7:49 PM

Kepler's Law (cont'd)

3rd Law­ The square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets

revolving about the Sun is equal to the cube of ratio oftheir average distances from the Sun.

TATB( ( rA

rB( (=

Applies to a group of several objects.

2 3

Jan 4­8:10 PM

Example

Galileo measured the orbital sizes of Juptier's moons using the diameter of Jupiter as a unit of measure.  He found that Io, the closest moon to Jupiter, had a period of 1.8 days and was 4.2 units from the center of Jupiter.  Callisto, the fourth moon from Jupiter, had a period of 16.7 days.  Using the same units that Galileo used, predict Callisto's distance from Jupiter.

Jan 4­8:18 PM