Nota Subjek Anatomi dan Fisiologi yang boleh digunakan sebagai latihan untuk guru pelatih minor/major PJ
Text of Nota Dan Amali Anatomi Dan Fisiologi - 3_nota Jantung & Sis. Kardiovaskular
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Larynx
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(b) Heart wall and coverings. (c) Frontal section showing
interior chambers and valves.
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The syestemic and pulmonary circulations. The Left side of the
heart is the systemic pump; the right side is the pulmonary circuit
pump.
(although there are two pulmonary arteries. One each to the
right and the
left lung. For simplicity only one is shown.) 19
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Summary of events during the cardiac cycle. (small black arrows
indicate the regions of the heart that are contracting; thick red
and blue
arrows indicate direction of blood flow. During the
isovolumetric (literally
same volume measurement) phases in periods 2 and 3, the
ventricles are closed chambers and the volume of blood they is
unchanging.) 22
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Structure of blood vessels. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of
an artery and vein in cross section (120X). (b) The walls of
(endothelium underlain by a basement
membrane), tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers), and
tubica externa
(largerly collagen fibers). Capillaries between arteries and
veins in the circulatory pathway are composed only of the tunica
intima. Notice that the tunica media is thick in arteries and
relatively thin in veins. Part (a): Copyright by R.G Kessel and
R.H. Kardon, Tissues and organs: A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron
Microscopy, W.H.
Freeman and Company, 1979, all rights reserved. 23
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Major arteries of the systemic circulation. Anterior view.
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Arteries supply of the brain. (Cerebrum is shown only on the
left side of the brain.) 28
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Body sites where the pulse is most easily palpated. 30
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Systems in Sync Homeostatic Relationships between the
Cardiovascular System and
