NORDUnet: 30.09.2000Hannu H. Kari/HUT/CS/TMLPage 1/22 Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World Hannu H. KARI Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) professor/TML-laboratory/CS/HUT

NORDUnet: 30.09.2000 Hannu H. Kari/HUT/CS/TML Page 1/22

Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World

Hannu H. KARIHelsinki University of Technology (HUT)

professor/TML-laboratory/CS/HUT director/TOTI-Institute/HUT

[email protected], http://www.tcm.hut.fi/~hhk


Agenda

1. Telecom vs. datacom views 2. Wired/wireless access3. Mobility in IP world4. Mobile applications5. Mobile services6. Future interests7. Conclusions8. More information


1. Telecom view

GSM

WAPGPRS

UMTS

SMS

Video

Multimedia

Voice

Mobilephone

Internet

E-commerce

banking

Coke, parking


1. Datacom view

Mobility

Ethernet GPRS

Security

WEB Video MultimediaVoice

IPWLANToken Ring


1. Datacom view

Ethernet GPRS

WEB Video MultimediaVoice

IP

WLANToken Ring

Mobility Security


2. Wired/wireless access

Fast development of IP based fixed local networks 10 Mbps -> 100 Mbps -> 1 Gbps -> …

All that in just few years! And what has happened in telecom world?

Wireless transmission follows the development of wired networks … but wired communication has been always 10…

100x faster than wireless Enhancements on wireless communication

WLAN speed went up 2 Mbps => 11 Mbps in just two years, 100 Mbps is coming


2. Wired/wireless capacity

0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1km 10km 100km

Mobile’s distance

1kbps

10kbps

100kbps

1Mbps

10Mbps

100Mbps

1Gbps

Max

tran

sfer

spe

ed

Fixed

WLAN

Telecom

Satellite


2.1. Wireless access: Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots

• Not all areas are covered with same unwired communication capacity• Distance from the wireless access point• Used frequency• Number of other users in the area• Indoors/outdoors• Popularity of the area (city/rural)• …



• Users/applications will see various capacities• Indoors

• (tens of) megabits/s

• Outdoors• City: tens/hundreds of kilobits/s• Rural: (tens of) kilobits/s• Very remote areas (oceans, forest, …): few bits/s

• Some places• No capacity at all



cold

warm

hot

frozen

user’stravelpath


3. Mobility in IP world

• Mobility levels• Macro/Micro/Nano mobility

• Standard Mobile IP• Originally intended for infrequent mobility• Slow change between access points• All updates go all the way to home (HA)

• Hierarchical Mobile IP• Dynamics, HUT Mobile IP -project


3.1 Mobility levels

• Macro mobility• Mobility between organizations or technologies

• E.g., from GPRS to WLAN network

• Micro mobility• Mobility within an organization between access

points• E.g., from one WLAN access point to another

• Nano mobility (Term introduced by HUT/MART-project)• Mobility within an access point

• E.g., from direct access with access point to access via a repeater link


3.2 Mobility levels:Macro mobility

Internet

Home

Organization 1 Organization 2

Correspondinghost

Same route

Encapsulated, alternative routes

Mobilenode

Mobilenode


3.3 Mobility levels:Micro mobility

Internet

Home


Correspondinghost

Mobilenode

Mobilenode

Same route




3.4 Mobility levels:Nano mobility

Internet

Home


Correspondinghost

Mobilenode

Mobilenode

Same route




3.5 Standard Mobile IP

Traditional Mobile IP Updates always the home agent

Internet

HA

FA FA

MN

FA FAFA FA


3.6 Hierarchical mobility

Enhanced, hierarchical Mobile IP Updates only up to the level needed

Internet

HA

FA FA

MN

FA FAFA FA

FA

FA

FA FA

FA FA

1

1

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

7

8

8


4. Mobile applications

• Impacts of mobility on applications• Adjust applications to available capacity

• E.g., change video coding

• Activate/deactivate applications according to available capacity

• E.g., download emails when enough capacity

• Take into consideration also the cost of transmission

• E.g., wait for low cost service or change the place to get cheap access


5. Mobile services

• Pull-type services• Email, WWW, …

• Push-type services• News, stock info, weather, road info, …

• Location based information• Services using location knowledge• Local advertisements, services, attractions

• Services using spare time of the user• Games, entertainment, virtual tags


6. Future interests

• Applications/services coping with• Variable

• bandwidth, transfer delay, processing capacity, terminal capabilities, transfer cost, temporary coverageloss, …

• Different • terminal types, operating systems, manufacturers,

radio protocols, …

• Applications/services must be• configurable, self-learning, adaptable,

scaleable


7. Conclusions

IP rules! Wired and wireless world will be integrated Mobility comes everywhere

Multiple radio standards, low cost radios Common nominator of all systems is IP

Common everyday technologies in the near future Transmission (IP), security (data protection,

authetication, e-commerce), mobility (ubicomp) Future focus on

Service platforms, content, user aspects, usability, AND control of digital information


8. More information

http://www.cs.hut.fi/TOTI http://www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/

http://www.mediapoli.com/ http://www.otaverkko.fi/

Documents

NORDUnet: 30.09.2000Hannu H. Kari/HUT/CS/TMLPage 1/22 Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World Hannu H. KARI Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) professor/TML-laboratory/CS/HUT