Nonvascular Plant

EunSeo Lee

Nonvascular Plant definition

• A group of plants that do not have a vascular system(xylem and phloem)

☞Xylem: a vascular tissue that gets water and nutrients upward from the root

☞Phloem: a vascular tissue that conducts sugars and metabolic products downward from the leaves

• Therefore, Non-vascular plants’ nutrients and water simply move to the plants’ body by cell.

☞water can move in this way as long as the plants’ body is not too much thick.

How do they get nutrients and wa-ter?

• They receive water from rain-fall and most of their nutrients are dissolved in this water.

• Rhizoid also helps to take those nutrients.

• Gases simply diffuse across the plant surface but liverworts also have pores which are perma-nently open for gas exchange. Certain mosses also have stom-ata on their capsules

Characteristics• Have small reduced leaves

• No vascular tissues, true roots, and flower

• Do not have seed; so plants are reproduced by spores or flag-ellated cells that travel through water.

• Grow best in damp, shaded condition

• Smaller in size

Vascular

Nonvascular

Has a Vascular system yes no

Has true roots, and leaves yes no

Uses spores to reproduce

yes yes

Can reproduce sexually yes yes

Can reproduce asexually

yes yes

Can grow large yes no

Has flower yes no

Needs water to reproduce

yes yes

Write an example. fern moss

Reproduction

• Alternation of Generation: the plant

processes two stages during its life cycle,

alternating between a diploid (2n) and

haploid (n).

Sexual Reproduction

• The haploid stage is called Gametophyte

• Gametophyte: the gamete-producing plants.

• The gametophytes have different female and male reproductive organs-Archegonia and Antheridia.

• Archegonia produce eggs/ Antheridia pro-

duce sperm

• Sperm(n) cell moves and when a sperm

cell fertilizes inside the archegonia, a

diploid zygote(spore) is formed

• Water is required in the cycle because

sperm must travel through the water to

reach the eggs.

• The zygote divides by meiosis and eventu-

ally develops into a mature

sporophyte(2n).

• The diploid stage is called the sporo-

phyte.

• Spore: a single reproductive cell that is

protected by a hard, watertight covering. It

can be moved through the air.

• Sporophyte: This makes and release

spores into the environment where they

can reproduce.

• Spores will germinate and grow into the

haploid gametophyte.

Asexual Reproduction

• It also reproduce asexually if a piece of

gametophyte stage plant breaks off and

settles in an appropriate environment.

• It is less common way to reproduce

• Bryophyta (mosses) • Hepatophyta (liverworts)• Anthocerophyta (hornworts)

Phylum

Bryophyta (Mosses)• Structure: Stalk, Capsule, Rhizoid, Stem, and Leaf

Bryophyta (Mosses)

• Respiration: Mitochondria and Photosyn-thesis• In the reproduction, as the spore germi-nates, it develops into a thin, filamentous stage called a protonema.• They do not grow very large.• Mosses are actually made of many tiny, dark green plants.

Bryophyta (Mosses)

Anomo-bryum fil-iforme

Hepatophyta (liverworts)• Structure: Thallus, Rhizoid, Gemma cup, and Receptacle

Hepatophyta (liverworts)• Small, green, and terrestrial plants• Some liverworts may also reproduce asexually by bundles of tissue called gemma. In many liverworts, gemmae de-velop in small cup like structures called gemma cups.• Mostly found in moist environments and tend to be less resistant to desiccation.

Hepatophyta (liver-worts)

reboulia hemis-phaerica

Anthocerophyta-hornworts

• Hornwort refers to the slender, upright sporophyte surrounded in the thallus-like gametophyte.• It is a submerged plant• There is a horn shaped sporophyte that grows.• Single large chloroplast in each cell

Anthocerophyta-hornworts

Anthocerophyta-hornworts

Ceratophyllumdemersum