NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIONNON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

in English speaking countriesin English speaking countries

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIONNON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

in English speaking countriesin English speaking countries

Выполнила

Широкобрюхова О.В.

Учитель английского языка

““Actions Actions speak speak

louder than louder than words.” words.”

In essence, this underscores the importance of non-verbal In essence, this underscores the importance of non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is especially communication. Non-verbal communication is especially significant in intercultural situations. Probably non-verbal significant in intercultural situations. Probably non-verbal differences account for typical difficulties in communicating.differences account for typical difficulties in communicating.

The most basic form of communication is non-verbal. Anthropologiststheorize that long before human beings used words to talk things over, ourancestors communicated with one another by using their bodies. They grittedtheir teeth to show anger; they smiled and touched one another to indicateaffection. Although we have come a long way since those primitive times, westill use non-verbal cues to express superiority, dependence, dislike,respect, love, and other feelings.

Non-verbal communication differs Non-verbal communication differs from verbal communication infrom verbal communication in

fundamental ways. For one thing, it is fundamental ways. For one thing, it is less structured, which makes it moreless structured, which makes it more

difficult to study. A person cannot pick difficult to study. A person cannot pick up a book on non-verbal languageup a book on non-verbal language

and master the vocabulary of gestures, and master the vocabulary of gestures, expressions, and inflections thatexpressions, and inflections that

are common in our culture. are common in our culture. Other types of non-verbal Other types of non-verbal

communication,communication,such as the meaning of colors such as the meaning of colors

and certain gestures, vary and certain gestures, vary from culture tofrom culture to

culture.culture.

Definition “nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both

the source (speaker) and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver

(listener). It includes — but is not limited to: touchglance

eye contact (gaze)volume

vocal nuanceproximitygestures

intonationdress

posturesmell

word choice and syntaxsounds (paralanguage)

GestureGesture GestureGesture

A gesture is a non-vocal bodily A gesture is a non-vocal bodily movement intended to express movement intended to express meaning. The boundary between meaning. The boundary between language and gesture, or verbal and language and gesture, or verbal and nonverbal communication, can be nonverbal communication, can be hard to identify.hard to identify.

Gestures can be also be categorized as either Gestures can be also be categorized as either speech-independent or speech-related. Speech-speech-independent or speech-related. Speech-independent gestures are dependent upon independent gestures are dependent upon culturally accepted interpretation and have a culturally accepted interpretation and have a direct verbal translation. A wave hello or a direct verbal translation. A wave hello or a peace sign are examples of speech-peace sign are examples of speech-independent gestures. Speech related gestures independent gestures. Speech related gestures are used in parallel with verbal speech; this are used in parallel with verbal speech; this form of nonverbal communication is used to form of nonverbal communication is used to emphasize the message that is being emphasize the message that is being communicated. Speech related gestures are communicated. Speech related gestures are intended to provide supplemental information intended to provide supplemental information to a verbal message such as pointing to an to a verbal message such as pointing to an object of discussion.object of discussion.

When going on a journey we try to When going on a journey we try to know as much as possible about the know as much as possible about the

place of our destination. We look place of our destination. We look through weather forecasts, political through weather forecasts, political

news, take a phrase book. But having news, take a phrase book. But having been ready we are disconcerted when been ready we are disconcerted when

our gestures are not understood.our gestures are not understood.

One and the same gestures One and the same gestures are different in different are different in different

cultures.cultures.

Both languages differ from each other according to types Both languages differ from each other according to types of culture, and nonverbal language of one nation differs of culture, and nonverbal language of one nation differs from another one. When a gesture can be common and from another one. When a gesture can be common and have a clear interpretation with one with another one. For have a clear interpretation with one with another one. For example let's see the differenceexample let's see the difference in interpretation of in interpretation of the three typicalthe three typical gestures, gestures, such as the circle such as the circle of fingers, raised of fingers, raised the thumb up and the thumb up and V-gesture V-gesture of fingers.of fingers.

Non verbal communication gestures.Non verbal communication gestures.

1. If your interlocutor drums with fingers it can mean that he shows impatience to what is dull or he is nervous.

2. If you interlocutors shrugs his shoulders, it can mean that he is not interested in what you are telling him.

3. If he squeezes his hands it can mean despair and the feeling of hopeless.

4. If your interlocutor squeezes his fists it means that he is aggressive and tries to control his anger.

5. If his hands are weak and he turns his palms up holding them in front of him it means he is surprised, perplexed and is at a loss.

6. If he unbuttons the jacket it means that he is ready for active actions.

7. The hand crossed on his chest mean challenge, blame.8. If a man goes quickly and his hands hang freely the chin is

raised up it mean he shows his resolution and confidence.9. If he goes, dragging his hand with hands in pockets his head

is down it means that he is in low spirit, in despair in depression.

10. The palm on the check mean interest on … verge of surprise.11. If you interlocutor beats himself in the chin it means that a guess came into his

mind, he is worried.12. If a man touches and rubs his nose it means he thinks about something.13. If he stand in the pose “hand on hips” it can mean confidence, superiority and

challenge.14. If palms are put as a house it means that he thinks and shows his interest.15. If you interlocutor beats his head aside it means he plays fool or can make fun.16. If you interlocutor moves his glasses down a look above the rims perhaps he

wants more … especially facts.17. If a man goes forward and back ward he seems to be nervous and anxious.18. If a man presses his bridge of the nose he is tired (it his glassed don't press on

him).19. If a man sit at the edge of the chair it means he waits or shows his interest.20. If a man sits “leg on leg” and shaking his leg he is most probably bored.21. If a man makes a gesture with a tore finger he most probably wants to

underline his point of view.22. If a man leans back and holds himself his neck with the help of crossed hands

it means that he tries to relax or make a good impression.23. 24. If a man closed his mouth with his hand he doesn't want to be understood.25. If а man moved his hand behind hid back and squeezes it in a fist and the other

hand holds it on the wrist he is reserved and tense.

““OK” or the “ring” of fingers.OK” or the “ring” of fingers. ““OK” or the “ring” of fingers.OK” or the “ring” of fingers.

This gesture was popularized in America This gesture was popularized in America in the middle of the XIX century, mainly by mass media that began the in the middle of the XIX century, mainly by mass media that began the company to abbreviate words and typical phrases till their first letter at company to abbreviate words and typical phrases till their first letter at that time. There are different opinions what the abbreviation “OK” means, that time. There are different opinions what the abbreviation “OK” means, some think that it means “all correct”, but then as a result of some think that it means “all correct”, but then as a result of orthographical mistake turned into “ Oll-Korrect”. Others say that it is the orthographical mistake turned into “ Oll-Korrect”. Others say that it is the antonym of the word “Knockout” that means “K.O” in English. There is antonym of the word “Knockout” that means “K.O” in English. There is one more theory according to it this abbreviation is one more theory according to it this abbreviation is from the name “old Kinderhoor”, the from the name “old Kinderhoor”, the birthplace of an American president birthplace of an American president who used this abbreviation (OK) as who used this abbreviation (OK) as a slogan during his election company.a slogan during his election company.

The raised up thumb.The raised up thumb.The raised up thumb.The raised up thumb.

The raised up thumb in America, England and has The raised up thumb in America, England and has three meanings. It is usually used when you want to three meanings. It is usually used when you want to catch a passing car. The second meaning is catch a passing car. The second meaning is “everything is all right”.“everything is all right”.

The gesture with raising the thumb The gesture with raising the thumb together with other gestures is used as a together with other gestures is used as a symbol of power a superiority as well as in symbol of power a superiority as well as in the situations when somebody wants to the situations when somebody wants to “crush you with the thumb”. “crush you with the thumb”.

V - V - Figurative sign Figurative sign figuresfiguresV - V - Figurative sign Figurative sign figuresfigures

This sign is very This sign is very popular in Britain an popular in Britain an outrageous outrageous interpretation.interpretation.

During World war II Winston Churchill During World war II Winston Churchill popularized this sign to mean victory, popularized this sign to mean victory, but the hand is turned with arear side to but the hand is turned with arear side to the speaker. If according to this gesture the speaker. If according to this gesture the hand is turned by the palm to the the hand is turned by the palm to the speaker this gesture has an outrageous speaker this gesture has an outrageous meaning “shut up”. However V-gesture meaning “shut up”. However V-gesture in any case means “victory” in many in any case means “victory” in many countries in England. But in many countries in England. But in many countries this sign also means countries this sign also means the figure “2”.the figure “2”.

To greet and to say good-To greet and to say good-by are differentby are different

in USA.in USA.

The main communicative gestures all over the world don't doffer from each other. When people are happy, they smile, when they are sad – they frown, when they are angry – they have angry look Nodding all over the world means “yes”, or agreement. Waving your head to mean “no” or disagreement is also universal and can be one of the gestures, invented in childhood. When a child has sucked milk he pushes mother's breast and moves his head from one side to another. When a baby has eaten, he rolls his head from one side to another to escape from the spoon, that his parents feed him with. So he is quickly used to nod to show his disagreement or negative attitude.

The main communicative gestures and their origin.The main communicative gestures and their origin.

They may be articulated with They may be articulated with the hands, arms or body, and the hands, arms or body, and also include movements of also include movements of the head, face and eyes, the head, face and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or such as winking, nodding, or rolling one's eyes.rolling one's eyes.

A wink is a type of A wink is a type of gesture.gesture.

Eye Contact and GazeEye Contact and GazeIn USA, eye contact indicates: degree of attention or interest, influences attitude change or persuasion, regulates interaction, communicates emotion, defines power and status, and has a central role in managing impressions of others.

Within USA, African-Americans use more eye contact when talking and less when listening with reverse true for Anglo Americans. This is a possible cause for some sense of unease between races in US. A prolonged gaze is often seen as a sign of sexual interest.

HapticsHaptics

Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. These behaviors are referred to as "adaptor" and may send These behaviors are referred to as "adaptor" and may send messages that reveal the intentions or messages that reveal the intentions or feelings of a communicator. The meaning feelings of a communicator. The meaning conveyed from touch is highly dependent conveyed from touch is highly dependent upon the context of the situation, the upon the context of the situation, the relationship between communicators, relationship between communicators, and the manner of touch.and the manner of touch.

Touches that can be defined as Touches that can be defined as communication include handshakes, communication include handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, hand), back slapping, high fives, a pat hand), back slapping, high fives, a pat on the shoulder, and brushing an arm. on the shoulder, and brushing an arm. Touching of oneself during Touching of oneself during communication may include licking, communication may include licking, picking, holding, and scratching.picking, holding, and scratching.

TouchesTouches

PosturePosture Posture can be used to determine a participant’s degree of Posture can be used to determine a participant’s degree of attention or involvement, the difference in status between attention or involvement, the difference in status between communicators, and the level of fondness a person has for the communicators, and the level of fondness a person has for the other communicator. Studies investigating the impact of posture other communicator. Studies investigating the impact of posture on interpersonal relationships suggest that mirror-image on interpersonal relationships suggest that mirror-image congruent postures, where one person’s left side is parallel to the congruent postures, where one person’s left side is parallel to the other’s right side, leads to favorable perception of other’s right side, leads to favorable perception of communicators and positive speech; a person who displays a communicators and positive speech; a person who displays a forward lean or a decrease in a backwards forward lean or a decrease in a backwards lean also signify positive sentiment during lean also signify positive sentiment during communication. communication.

Posture is understood Posture is understood through suchthrough such indicators indicators as direction of lean, body as direction of lean, body orientation, arm orientation, arm position, and body opennessposition, and body openness

Movement and body positionMovement and body position

SmileSmileSmileSmileSmile is the only way to gain a partner, it Smile is the only way to gain a partner, it

is used and perceived well in any country is used and perceived well in any country and in any culture.and in any culture.

Smiling is the most effective form of Smiling is the most effective form of relations and finally the best compliment relations and finally the best compliment we can do for our interlocutor will be true we can do for our interlocutor will be true interest to him and his problems. When interest to him and his problems. When

going to other countries don't forget your going to other countries don't forget your smiles.smiles.

Gestures such as Gestures such as Mudra (Sanskrit) Mudra (Sanskrit) encode sophisticated encode sophisticated information information accessible to initiates accessible to initiates that are privy to the that are privy to the subtlety of elements subtlety of elements encoded in their encoded in their tradition.tradition.