Noční Můra Nevíry. Czech Čeština

8/16/2019 Noční Můra Nevíry. Czech Čeština

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H/%*nost, nespra edlnost, "#rmutek, pesimismus, pot%+e, osamocennost, strach, stres, frustrace, ned1 ra, be"ohlednost, ner o"ita, hn , +#rli ost, "#*0, drogo # "# islost, amor#lnost, ha"ard, prostituce, hlad, chudoba, spole-ensk# korupce, "lod jna, #lka, boj, n#sil%, &tisk, strach "e smrti' Zpr# ! o t chto t$matech se obje uj% no in#ch a tele i"i ka+d den. Obl%ben tisk nuje cel$ str#nk! t mtop/edm t1m, "at%mco ostatn% !d# aj% na pokra-o #n% -l#nk! o jejichps!chologick ch a soci#ln%ch aspektech. A *ak na*e obe"n#menost st mito pocit! nen% ome"ena pou"e na tisk; ka+dodenn%m +i ot setak$ -asto setk# #me s t mito pocit! a, podstatn ji, osobn je"akou*%me.

V!/e*en% t chto problematick ch ot#"ek je mo+n$ jen +it%m podleprincip1 (pra $ho n#bo+enst %). Jen kd!+ hodnot! pra $hon#bo+enst % p/e l#dnou, m1+e radostn# a klidn# sc$na nahradit tentochmurn a nep/%jemn obra", kter je odsou"en k pokra-o #n%, dokud budou Bo+% ome"en% ignoro #na. Jinak /e-eno, lid$ budou"otro-eni t mito komplikacemi, dokud se budou !h bat hodnot#mKor#nu. Jednodu*e /e-eno, toto je (no-n% m1ra ne %r!).

V t$to kni"e najdete, jak +i otn% ome"en% (normami mor#lk!)"a eden$ Kor#nem "je en m lidst u Bohem odstran% (no-n% m1rune %r!), jak mohou b t pesimismus, korupce a soci#ln% neklid espole-nosti elimino #n!, jak se jedinec m1+e obklopit ide#ln%mprost/ed%m, jak$ ducho n% a materi#ln% hodnot! pra d podobn "%sk#p/ilnut%m k t mto norm#m mor#lk! a nakonec, +e jedine-n#alternati a ke *em t mto probl$m1m je koranick# mor#lka.

O AUTOROVIN/%3 '3 3c3 '&d ')e+d&%/$e$ HARUN YAHYA, %a(&-d # )e A%"a e (&ce 1956. '&*2, c& d&"&%8 # 0 -"#ad%3 a )* ed%3 "&#+ A%"a e, )*+d& a# +$ %3 I)*a%b+#+ %a +% e(0 * M $a( S %a% a f #&)&f %aI)*a%b+#)"2 +% e(0 * . Od &)$de) *7ch #e* '+b# "&-

a# $%&h& "% h ) '&# * c"&+, dec"&+ a % b& e%-)"&+ *2$a* "&+.Ha(+% Yah/a !e d&b e 0% $ !a"& a+*&( 70%a$%7ch'(ac3 &dha#+!3c3ch '&d &d e &#+c &% )* , !e! ch %e-'#a*% * (0e%3 a *e$% )'&!e%3 $e0 da( % )$e$ a*a"& 7$ "( a 7$ de&#&g e$ !a"& fa )$+) a "&-$+% )$+).V ech%a d3#a Ha(+%a Yah/ $a!3 *e%*7 c3#: ' ed a*

'&)e#)* 3 K&( %+, '& 0b+0& a* 8*e% e " 4 a0e & 0 "#ad%3ch &* 0" ch )'&!e-%7ch ) 3(&+, !a"& !e B& 3 e )*e%ce a !ed%&*a a 8%7 &*; a &dha#& a* chab20 "#ad/ %e% b& e%)"7ch )/)*2$ a 'e( e(0%3ch de&#&g 3.









O 58 N - </> 8 / HA#& AH A, 8+

</ ? A8 +V/ ? -/ 1956, =E, - 8S C +<=V/ 8 N > ? A8 +V/, <=> ?+ > T8 ? I<=+8>8 ?/ C =T M + $ 8+8 + < 8+ I<=+

>8 ?/ C =T. ! < /< =Q- /= > ?+ 8 = - >, ?T /- > + 8 P/8< > =E += >.

H+ >8 + + / V/ C8 + +>= ?QC8+ 8Q-+ > - - ? /? >- 8 <=X, / - 8/ +=8

=/ 8 < /8 /C + @ 8 < / + =+ ?Q ?+/ / + < > +N < >< + >8 < ><.

D + H+ >8+ + , V/ P/8 57 XC8Q- +C< > -/ / 45 000 <= +8 < 30 000 ><= +-/ .J/ </> 8 / =? V/8 E8 H+ >8 (L 8) + + + (KV= =/ ) 8+ + = > ? > ?QC8+ 8Q- X, =/V

= / < 8/ <=+= / ? . "/S/W " + 8+ 8 / < / < /8Q < / - <+ / . "V/ <=

K 8 ( 8/S8E C /?/8 ) + " + M> + + + (P/ 8 8 < 8 ), < / 8 C X. " ?/ /8 K

$>88 (>S/8 - " +), < +>= + / C+ - C>8 + /8= 8 8- 8/8 P/8< Q- / + =

< ? , + C-/ + >= - 8 > 8 = = 8" >P ? /S/W " + ( + P/ 8 8 < 8

=/ Q < 8/S8E > <= + 8+ <= , + C8+ C > 8+ 8 >=

< ? .'N/- 8+ + H+ >8+ + + =/8=QP

V/ ?+= </ <=? K 8>, ?C >CS=/8 V/ G?+C/ C + 8 - = C< /8Q- < ? >, + / B P / <=

+ / 8 =+ + ?TS8Q P ? =; + + ?- + E C + 8/8 P/8< Q-

< <=E X + / ?/ C8 - /H+ >8 + +

S=/8 V/ ?





E $ 9

*? N=8 C 8 <= / ?T8 ? 8+ C >-/8 =/ / /? >-/, = P/ ==? V C + ?N/- 8/ >- ?8 - < . ! - ? /, D+ @< >=/S8 <= <=? V/8 + =/ B P / <=/8- C+ > 8> Q- 140 /= =P/ 8 ><= <? > ? > 8/ > + - 8 <= .

" = / <=+=8 > < >P >, ?/ X /P = > ? 88 <= , > CP/ =+= =/ / / + . J/ P 8T =/V S=/8 V <=+8 > N+8- S <=8+N - 8 , < / < , P/ / X /P =E ?T8 ?+= + = > / <

V/ T=>.'N/- 8 +>= ? 8 ? <?T= > =E +=+ ?/ <?T= / +8 - Q-

C? > S=/8 V/ C8 8 B P - < ? + P = / 8 - . 'N/- 8+ =E += ? <?T= /8+ =+ , + 8/C <= -

= C ?/ S=/8 V ?T < . K8 > V 8T, / 8 >N/ + 8> QC+ NW> , P/ , ? =/ E T + C/ =/ E < /S/8<<8+ 8 - =. D / - GS 88E > + <?T= > - > ? +?

V/S <= 8+ / 8 </C/8 . D 8-/ = , V <8T =+ >-

? ?8T8 + = , /P = = 8 > /8=> + 8/ > V = +?<+ >.% ?/ / = >, P/ ?N/- 8 8 +>= + C/ S <= / 8 = ?T, <

< > 8T. R=/8 V >< > - = ?+= C =T- = 8 < / +>P =/S8 > ? > -/ < = <?E G?+ + C >N/8 <= .

D / > / ?/ > < >P > < > V < T= > +- + S=/8 8+ <+8Q- ?Q + 8T =TN/8 B +.

'N/- 8 +>= ? 8 < > ?/ V/<?T S ?E. * = = XC <=V/ > +?E 8 P/8<=? <=+=8 + 8/ / / = ?8T N 8 > V/S=/8 =T- = 8 .

D > /, P/ S=/8 V < / +C 8+ 8- 8 . J/ - +C ?Q +=/ =E +=X < /8Q < ? > / ?/ >P =/S8Q +

S <=.' =T- = 8 - , 8+ C <=+=8 - , 8/8+ /=/ < 8 8 C

? <?T= /8 C+ P/8 8+ - 8Q- C - , <= 8/?N +?Q G-=T<? =8Q- V/ T=X +8 /C8+ T 8E, /< <= - E + > /8= , /8P - 8 <= ? < + - Q /8 ? < - .



OBSAH

\*$D......................................................................8

C$ JE %&A* #ZB$_E#' *[?..................................11

%&$b JE#ZB$_E#' *[ JE*$*Z#$?...................................18

* I* #ZB$_E#' *[#A '$CIZ #[ _I*$ .............................................40

#EGA I*#[ * I*#E*[& #A ID' e $......................................100

# [ H$D#$ Z"#ZB$_E#' *[ hE][ *]ECH#'$CIZ #[ %&$B " ..........................................113

hE]E#[ E_[ *H$D#$ ZCH $&Z# ........................................145

H&$ CE#[ DA&+I#I'" ....................................148



HiM^= , = = , K < , < < ,M` , < == , , , ,

= k f , = , = , =f , `K ,K^j, K K , < K = , , ,

, c = K , f = , K , , =K MO , < R K f L< M

= =K ` a =. $ M =a f= LK= f< i <f k<, M< =M K M =

c K=M c K= a K =M. A ^ = ^ =K< = f< = =M

< = = ; ` ==M< ` f L cK K< f< , =f , =f ^M< .

L c= M aK` k, = iK =M K =M ,

f f i ` K M. ' cM M =L h ; hM< L < L <; L & , = =L

$ M =M, = = = ^ f M 20. M, L f f L K f L < . B = , =

L M = <M <fiM L <K=M,

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

8

Q' DQ' D









N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

12

f K =M K K , =` = = f .

# <L=f M =f K U K =K =K ` = MV < M a <K= f =f f ^=a=K ` = M. # k ` f ^M< = < f K =a=K ` = M, a ^ f ^=a=K ` = M k : ^ = < M L i =

=M. Bk = < K= = i ==K ` = M = ^ < =M< =K ` = M< ,

< a< L< :A < , R > $> > S> E * R <>E > >S , * =

>E<V < R S S * R <>E . A B[ >V < T= E+E ! ($ -F < : 28)

A < , R $> > S> E * R <>E > >S , * >E<V >P * R <>E , R < < >E

=R * E [ . ($ -$ : 9) J < , i j = M K< =K ` = M< ,

` i = M =M. %k =f ^ = =B <, =` a =M , i j = M

< ^ = .b f = c =L <f= ' L< # L<

K =f, i K M ^ f M =K

M < k f K , c=L f =L ' L # L K = = i . " M< =K

< = . % iM ` = f =K ` = M a k =M ` L =M, ` K

i f c =M, K , M K=M ` =M = i =L< K K=M =K ` = M f =a<

M= . D= i f c =M a K i K

% i =K =K ` = M < K = = M f M = a^ =L K .



C O J E P R A V # N $ B O ( E N S T V % ?

13

% i =M f =K ` = M Bk =M ` = , K k = = <f=f= ` ' =L

= , $= =, K=M i a<i =M<:

M < Y =<E *Y = E+ <. ($ -H R : 9)

% 14 M k K K K= = <f=f= ^ =M.` L = L M < = k =M =L K=

=L iM ^=a< M < = < ^ = ^=M M. *^ f L c = a` K=, ` , ̀

K= ` = K^ =M = B .* k f Bk ' K M,

' L ' = . % A < ( =M<), =M c f , L Bk = > < E

> =, * = < , > T + G ($ -B : 213)

J L k =f= a^ =L< ^ , Bk <M K a< M< c f < ' L

= . % L ` M i ' =a< = < fc=a<% <, M< < f M L K fc=L ` =

&K . Bk , =` c f i , L =, c f =KiM =L <M= , i = ` c f M = M

=f < f f. % ` =M = , LBk ` ' a ` =M k, KiM iM <=a ` =

< , =f = fc= . K , < B ,

=K ` = M L< < < `g M M< c f K =K =M ` , .



Ac i =K^ =K i K K=M ^=Li M <M= =L , =M` = , ` K

=K ` = M i M c f K f `=L M < K =M iM . *^ = B < =K =K ` = M

i M = < = K =M c= = B* f M B , < i =M c f ^

` a M, a ^=a< ` =M < B , K =M K=M K =L B <, k , ^

< K =a< ^ =a<, a< a<, L `M M B `M K =M K = &K .

c=f a< =K ` = MU/ . J/ = = ` 7 + , >/< / @ / +

<+@ /=> , = / 7 >+ @V7U/ 7 < >/ > =@ Z>.



N * R <>E S = B < >V = I ... ($ AI : 19)

%i ` K =K ` = M i ^ < = a<k< =K ` = M =K

U < V U i j = M,V i = =K f< , ^ = =K K =K ` = M. J =a< , ^ =

K< <;

G > > > Y > > R *<ER >* R <>E, R >E = Y > P A* . A > > = R YE> G ($ -H R: 78)

, ` L = ( i j =L ` L) i M<,= ` = K=, < < .

c= K= K= f , ` < M VYE > V, R Y P , > YE: &>VY > V, * Z


15

' <` Z => < / =@ @ @ ]/ @ B +. "/

/ 7Z < > , =// < > > @V @Z.



< > P + E+E. A >V = * R Y <E > >[ ( = > ).($ -" : 52-53)

Bk i j = ` < =a i f c =M < L< K= , M :

A* * R , Y Z , >P *E , > S >[ B RE; <Y

=R * E . ($ A I : 67)

` = K M< = K=, M< , ` , k f ^ f k, ` a i =a= < = K =M L< M K=M i f c =M. * K=

M :- % K^ ( =M<), ` = f L = =f

, U M< K < V ('O A WI< K=: 39)- % ] ( =M<), ` L = =f

M , U] Q , = i = < < , L = ^ M , = <

i = K < < a<, < ? i = c f <M =a K`=a!V ('O HO : 87)

- % I < ( =M<), ` U =f L< < `= i K %K= L< M .V ('O" <: 55)

- % M I K ( =M<) JK O ( =M<), ` (Bk ) U = < < =K=M L , ` K=M < K K= < `= - ` =M # ^ < .('O -A= X: 73)

- % " `M^ ( =M<) , ̀ <Bk ' k , i U... A = < " `M^

: Y ` k E f iM c g< L @ ` < RV ('O J = : 87)

- % J `M^ ( =M<) ` : U A c = <=` = =a<, j M , < < `= ;

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

16



` , < c .V ('O " <: 31)- % @<K= ( =M<), ` L

= : U ' =Kc , ` < , i =L ` =M =L!RV ('O @<K=: 17) U U' =Kc ,

= i ` = B , ` j i ` K=M f i= <M =K.V ('O @<K=:13)

- " ( =M) ` M Bk i K : U " ,d %K= L< =f =K, = Ki

K=f f< , ` M!V ('O A I< K=: 43) iM =f = < = K =M k k

M K=M = k M , < a K ^Mi = , ` f =L L =K ` = M = ^ <

k<. K = <f==L = f a=K ` = M K= =K M M< ^ :

A Y < * = =T , * =+<E> B ,>V+= E+ = = YE V > = >E = E > , *

R > <*= > =R = - < <

* R <>E V . ($ -B : 5)* k =K ` = ME R I =, *=< V Y < > R > <V *= =+E *= <V ,

R < <= =< E. ($ A I : 85)


17



$ M i =M ` a c f i == M < = B ` M

L f <M < . J =a< <, ` ^ <M ` = < =^M

, i =M< B . *^ , =K =a<k < = B . Bk i K L M M

M ; =K K= ; ^ cgK = `=M< N ; ^ < f , = =L

a< <, , = , , = L = = ^M< , =L K =M<

L< = i =a< = < .% =f ^ = L< M M ` = <

` = = < K =M K` = . * < = =

= a =M = O = < < k L = K c = ` = < = < `=a<. <L <K=M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

18

"# W JE"# W JEOB TE $%'POB TE $%'P

*JE' 'O ?*JE' 'O ?



L K` = M = c =L a c =K =` =a. # iM <f Kc <

' = =f < , O <=L =M M < = < = M. * ^^M =

k K= K K`=f ` M M == < .

% =f <= ^M aK` = M, L f M <f = = ` ,

= f =L, ` = =K . % = =M < `=L, < a c f i

= < = = K a c L =K f. A =K i <M= M c f = f <L

=K Ki . $ =f i K , ` <M K <=f = M M L<k = =M

< K = M = , K = < . Bk =Kc g = k i =M:

< , R * > = , ER > = ER R E < , + R < > < . A

E > [ < > * E, > > E , < > > > >P + = > + . A > < >V =

E Y SP >S. A > + ,= + V E+ < >V E = J . A

> < = >V = E = S. I > < , + > > = E+ <S+ , <

E E+E. ($ -N : 10-13)C R < , R <> YE, > < =, <> Y ? C R

> <= < ? ($ -N : 17)

%i <M K=M K K <M=f=a a^ =a^M f c=L, i <f = , i `

=L =K ` = L f f=M, < = B = J M < . % K O =M< f

` =L< =a ` a i <f = =K=M = i =L i =M B .

P R O ) J E N $ B O ( E N S T V % Z J E V O V $ N O ?

19





J/ > B` , " @S/ =@Z>`, K @ >@ ] / V @/=7

] < + X @Z +. B` / / / @ , >]/

@S/ U @ < + 7= X @Z +. "< > / U @ >=> /7 / / =/ 7 X @Z + U/ =>@ , >B` =/= + . " / /

U/ =>@ = 7 7

@ => S^+=> V + V U

J/ > B` , " @S/ =@Z>`,K @ >@ ] / V @/=7

] < + X @Z +. B` / / / @ , >]/

@S/ U @ < + 7= X @Z +. "< > / U @ >=> /7 / / =/ 7 X @Z + U/ =>@ , >B` =/= + . " / /

U/ =>@ = 7 7

@ => S^+=> V + V U



#K < =, = M M < =L <> Y E * V > <YE E +

E , < YE > S> EB < E+ , E+ RE+ < YE Y SP E

<> Y E * V YE E: P, % >V =<> Y < < >P + + > % *V! &P <Y < <= V ! ($ A I : 190-191)

* < f i =K ` = M K K i <f ^M. J < = ^ , ` = =

L ' i iK i M` "= J L = M ^M k , M J K

< ; =a< k <, c = i<f = K< K= , = <f=f=L B `M

` L = K< , =K ` = M .

K 9 / *7 $ 8 +$ / # G ;"' ,

* $ 9 $# $" / $ $ 8 9* ` L f Bk M < = ,

i c f , c M , K=M< K =M = K ` =M< , a =K =

c f a a = < = k ,K =L ^ =L , =K< f f ` f < ,

<f=K f , ` M B M M<= =L.

M< k < Bk ` ` L L< , L c fi L< ` f =K i < =a

=K ` = M. *^ = = < iM ^ M M =f=M

<f=f=M ` < f f = fc=

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

22



c f = . = K =M < a=K ` = M i =a c f =

K= K= <= ^M :G A < E , R * V E >P ,> E , <>E >V <E < = < ,

R >[ B RE > .. ($ -N : 89)

A > = > = << = . A > <V = , * < *

>V < < > > < . ($ -I : 105)

A < M REP > E > P E* E < , R * , = < > >V< E >V+E >P + > E

<>E = E+ , R =>VYE > < E >S . ($ -A : 154)

K 9 57 5G + $ / 5 7 + C 5

* k f f L < M, ` <i . % < =^ = = = ` a< ` . f ==M< <

K M K a ` < =L< =f=M. * K f K=M =M i =M< < <

` . # f <f a = f =a K < i K M M k K=M L<fi ^

c= ^ . ` K = , =fa < < , a i k k fi M< M = a i k. = =a

= .*f ^ = M c = U= <f==a< V < = , ` f ^ = ` = = =K M M =

k =f=M: b f = M, f , K = <i .

` a M = = < =cM ^ . % L < M

23




U = M `M ` V = ` L <

f < a ` k. L K M L ` ,

= ` fiM, ` =^ = M, =f=M< ` =M<

K=M, ` f i M = M . *

= =L f <M < ,

c =M K=M f^ =M K= K=M =

= c=L M a` k. B =

=M = K =M M , c=

=K ^ = .

% `=M f K=M,=K

<f =K=M, a` =M = , ^j =K

= = c =L=L < K M

= <f==a< ` =M<

M . M < a

K ^Mi = = <=

K= , cM K K= . J =`

< , ` L f M a Y , * M =+<E> .($ - <: 56)

k , a a< ` =M < B Lf = K= . Ba ` =M < B = < =K i M<

= = B ; =K J =K J< K ; = ` =L< ` #f f=

k ` ` =M J K =M. * K= =fK= < K =M = ` =M , a

i = g K= B < L i K K= L<k ` .

$ f ` M M = i = ` =a f< = < = L K = L< ` f

< f f, = fc= . J = c f c K K i a= .

_ =M , =f< ` = = < f f, fc=a ` . % < = `K =K iM ` = =M a =a k. % K=M,

c f fc = < f f =K f = < K= `K =a< < , R > <> Y * T V R N *= < > + ? ($ -M= = :

115)

* c= L = = f <M <L ` : Bk K ' L =

25




=M L f. # M c f = ` , a = f <M. M =K f< ,

iM f L i f< iM ` < , a L < ` = a< =M<

` < , = K=M i < < :

A *= = < Y T <: P, > > U <= *= * =< <, > < , + YE> V ! C R > > >V = S, *< , => R= , < => R <? A Y P >> > < ? = < < < <=! A > >E

*= = E< + E R ! ($ F < : 35-36)

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

26



K 9 57 5G + $,* + C$ ;*$ B '

J ` c f i =, ` B , L = K= c , J M . L

f K= K= :A R *+ < > *Y , R YE E. N + Z

< < * = E V >V+ < < . ' S> = > =, * Z < >V = + <V YE ! ($ -

H R: 67)

K= =M ac k M K=M, L Bk` ' a ` =M k. b f = = K=

^ = f = K , L c K M < =M,=L< M K=M, ==a < `=K K .

" < , fiM M , L K = B <, K=M, L fiM M <f , < K =M = ,

L <f fiM M , ^ K= =f

f = . ' <= , f <, c = ,= , < , = , = =L

< K =M K K= K =M =L ` =M B . HiM^=L , = K =L

= =L k K=M M = c = K= < fiM M i = < K= .

Bk i a <M c f = c . " ^ <

` a< c f K= K^ =M , = Ù V = k ` f ^M< = f ^M< = <. ,

f K c f f < . H = M f= =a c f K, ` T =K< Bk

f T c f cM , = K = cM ('O =-# : 18). , c f < M

i <M ^ f < =a <,

=f `K K = K .

27




=5$ 5 #G, C B ' 8 $ $ $ ;+9

* $ 8 5 C 5 $ 8$ / $ ; > ; 5 $"' 85; $ 8/ 7+ ; > 5/ '7 5G 5 + ";"' / # $ "' $8

$ $ 8$ ; > 5 5 $ 5G8 $ ; / + # 8 .

(S< +-B : 164)



b f = = M K , ` ^ =, a `M K, < K= B <. #K <

= = M, ` <f j fc= . J =` = < M =K k , fc= . *

< f = K=.* K= Bk L i f ` , J ` =M

M = = M J K =M k f aa ` k. % ` L ` =M M < M =i = g =M B i =f=M< =M k

= i . J = = < =M ` :M EP, R < =, > > * R <> > P W

> =, + ?G ($ -F= : 43)

% fiM M f < L ` <K ^ =< `=L = iM , < ^ = = M K

L, = M f^M B .#K =f fiM M, a K a ` K=M<

L ' i <k` <f= fc=L

` = . % a ` =M < B =M . Bk c f = i < , M K=M = L

. J i K=: UBk f c=a kc ^ L< . U ('O -A= O : 6)



K 9 #; + 5G** 8$8 95 # 8+

* i M, = L = i M` = <f =K= k =K = K L , =

. ' L K=M = K < = K L O M ^ =L K=M ^ L =K . # iM , K

c = = ` K= = ==f ^M =K=M =M< , iM =f c =k. c <K = ^ =L =K=M

<, M< < M, ` = =M ^ =a, `K ` = K ` f. % =f M, ` f=M< f K M = ` M. % =K

K < f K M < ^M = < ` <f =f = ==L . L` M , ,

c = c = , M = . =, < K` = i c = < =^M, ` c =M L

O< . =, a< K K^j < M, ` a, ` < =a , <K . ' = < a < = k = = c=a.

K ^ = L < M, ` = ==M == i < iM^= i . A ^ ^ =

a< = =L ^ = = K`=L< < . k < , ` , f K = = ==a<, O =K

= = B . A = , =K < KK= = a, j M, . J M< , K ^ <K f = : f <M = `^M

^ ( ). ' f <M c f ` = , f K = f , ` = `^M ^ (= ) K M

c f ^ =L< K=M, L Bk = . \ =L` M f <M = = < `=L =

M < B .#K ` = M < `g c f M f <M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

30



^ K=M < < <. % <M M , Bk a M< , <k` c f = M < = < < ^ =M K=M.

iM fiM M< , a K K B , c =K= <, f= K= L <, =f ` =K K

< K =a< ^ =a<:' , < YE >VYE< ! B= < - * * E, >

P E > > P P < T = <E> ; >R Z B[ > < E . ($ -A : 29)

J = c=a ^ M M < K =a< =a<, `M, K=:

R *= R < , R = (P E * ) =R * E = $> =, *

<>= > > < * . ($ -F= : 1)

K= =M K =L ^ =L `M = ^ f <M f <M. # iM = L =M<

^ K= ==a = :$ > > < TE> > < , R * +E< <> Y >

V >S+ = T =, S* R > >S < , =>VY > B , > = S, > V , E

> < = > * = = V = YE*= S , < [ , = S , + <V

B RE =+E =, R * [ < [ > = E, < ,

< <*= R= =R = = E E. A * R E = < , => > R= E, R = = >Y >< > <>E, > P<V <E > * + E = < V >E

< = < , R >E = > = E, < = * * E.($ -B : 177)

` L i f c =M, L = f M =f =i M , = = K K L K =M i M,

= < =f = L, = =M- = a< = . J =M< iM < c K K

31




`M =K c= L c f .UA= < ^ = M` V iM K . A ^ c f

M` =M < ^ , = g iMK= , f`M =L = c L c f . ,

= c < K `M, iM^=a k= =a L K= f , =f<K = L. % =f M a< <K

< f < cM = c =M c f U =L V. J =` K= =K< f , ` = g M

< , K= a< fiM M<. % a fiM M , ` c f g = iM =M K= f= a `

K=M B `M =M.

K 9 8/ 5 $ + 5G* / 5 / 5 8$ ' 5G

* K= , =M< i `M M M< = =L<

=K L f , =K Bk = < , `< < ` M J =L . " M< K= L

g = c= , ` = f <M <, fiM M ^ = K= a< ' i <. % ,

` L ^ , Bk c f i K =f i =a< , K f c f L

, f M = U <= .V ('O A

WI< K=: 185) * K= <= ^k M M ` < f f. #K M M iM :

M < > P V< > P = > =P E ,<E + B[ = * >V = V = E =. ($

<-% / *= : 15)

J P > P > R , [ ,

V S < [ < <YE* , T < > S E , < [ E * V S .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

32



33

' K < = B` <7 /, U/ >/ > =@ Z> / / < +> 7 7 7 = >/X @Z +, + U/ +U U/ 7 @Z @+ / < =>]/ /7 /



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

34

% >P >P =RE> E R > < , <E += B < T P<V V PE. ($ A I : 14)

'P < , + * > , = =RE> E R > < * =; <E + < , + = B ,

PE < > PE *= . C R *= < = E? ($ -" : 60)

' c = L =M, , f , K ` =MO g =f L ` =M <M= ,

^ = i , a< c f < f f^ =. J = ^k M:

< , R =T > <= + YE>V PE+ R >SP > = > < + , *> =P <E , TE > * Y ; <>[ >V = + S> < < E, < =P<V E+E, < > S! ($ -A : 165)

, ` i =M ` < ^ =M c f K f= < ^ :

G <> Y < R > <, * > =P , > *= >=<+E+ PE - + S =P<V E+E. ($-M= : 2)

*^ = L = iM <=L <M=M M c f = ` = , < f f

^ ('O -A= X: 35). *^ = c f =L = < =L cK M L ^ :

K R =PE <E , R YE V *R > =VY= , > YE: [ V R= . ($

-F R : 15-16)

* < ^ a =f K= O = f <L c f , a = K`

.*fiM M K= i a< = f <a<

< =f >[ R < >V < , + V < S [ + > =RE> E - < E >

R > < , * + <E => V >=P E; >R Z P<V < <> PE < > PE.

($ % -H : 131)

# <L=f M L , ^ = <=a< f iM =M. %i =M <

` =M k , ` M K=M a f a M k. " M< j M

= f , M L< M` . *K= = a < :K R > T >V = = < <>E N

Y + E+E < = * , <= >V == S > VT S. A R = = < YE V< , + < P<V <E, > :

P ! < > + =* E. ($ H : 9-10)

% , = / = @Z 7 , U/ B` 7 / = X @Z /7 = < /K < , =/ V > , <U/ 7 U=>@ ] Z + =>+= /= V7 + = X/ V7 , U +@/ .




*fiM M, iM = M ^ = K <M==M K= M B ^ = M, < M

= <f B fc=a ` = K M L O MK = c=L iM c f . *

i <M= % " << ( ` =K=M =M<), U%i a f f, = , c =f

,V(A -B ) f M, ` < f fk = M ` c=a iM =fc= . % M fiM M = = a M, `

= = iM =f, = = = a< Mc =a< , - = . J f < , `

^ = a M = =f == , ` = `M B < = M

=L. & M = K < M = <f =^:K R =P < = E; =PE > S * S+ =P E , N *= < > + . ($ -A * : 35)* < f = c= K , ` K=

a = < = M = <M =L B `M < == j fiM M cM = i =f ^M i K= .

B ' 9 % $, C$

5G $ / 5 / ; 7 $* + 5G*$ K K i M M < c f = =

= c . UB = V iM < L K# = <k` a , = =f <K

iM^ M = K . k L < =L f =M<K=M L ` L f f M = f =L = M

<L= = < =L ` .

D = i =f ^M f = K

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

36



37

= B <, ' i < <M , ^ aM, < , ' =L = , % &K , = ,

< = fc= . Bk i <M ^ = ` L = c K iM < < = < < = . Bk

i L c , = <f k <M , a< K= ^ = ` L . Bk ^ = =M c <

< =; $= f i ^ = = c . Bk i ^ = < = = c . Bk

=K iM ^ , ` < < = iM <= =L< < < = . (% = M< j =

= # c *fc= ` c L ` ).

= M = , ^ , = i = =L = ^ < , = a K= U# = =a<V. I fc= cK M = = =L , ` M. K=

c f = fc= =f . * ` Lf L i ` c =L i =f

< =L ` c=a< < a M M<= i =a< M < iM^ M< ` f. A ^ = i =f ^M

= < =f ` ` f =K ` = M .

% =K ` = M c f M<=M f fc=L ` , fc=

c K M M c f . %i =, ` a <f=f=

= K= B < a a = ak, L = K= . K= = c=a ,

=f ` M K< = < M < , ' =L< = , &K % . K=, =M B `M =M, =K< <= ^Mi <M=K, ` c=a< iM < c f fc= .

J = ^ =M:Q > < S E T * > , >P YE* < >R > <V *= =+E PE < , R = * * E.C R < + E< ? ($ -A : 32)




N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

38

K+U U @ @Z /7]/ @ ]/ /7 <X/ 7 X+=/ + / = > > =+7 / + B /7, + @ + + X/> / = @V = > ` + > 7> = @Z>Z. B` > > = >/X = > @ K < .



P P9 $ $ 8$ G, $ * $ $ 9 * , C$ ' 5 ; $

(S< 8-Z9 : 23)



# M <K k =L = =M = L c= . * c= K =L=K ` = M K =M< = M c =k

= = , = k f = . K

= = =f = fiM M c= M. J =f ==K ` = M M = k< c= < < K =M

= . , ` < M M B fc= M f =f, ` ` M = , K B `M

. B M B , =f a M iM^=a<c =k<, k< K=M, L Bk = .' c= , M` < = M M L = ,

= =K K =M L< .A ^ = fiM M ` =K=M, ` = =

L K= = <f=f= = `< =M =K B <. # M M = ' =a = f

= M ̀ K = = = ` =M L ` = = f.# < , ` a M c a< c== i =a< <K< K=M, <= M L = K M K

=L , < M = , K= =< M iM ` .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

40

'LI ''LI '

OB TE $%'P AOB TE $%'P A$ CIOL P TI' %$ CIOL P TI' %





N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

42

= =K ` = a k < = , = f=M< < <. <K i ,

^ L f <M M O ^ =M=M.

D ^ =f c f i =f = = <f < = K< =K ` = M. Bk = i = c f , i =f =K ` a k ` . %

i c K=M = B i =f =M< c = a< < M<. J = = i K M M

K= K , < =f K =M =M, L <f f < f = = =M =

J = =K , < = < , = = K< =K ` = M. #K ` = M i =K^M i ^ =M =

` f < M K =L< < .

L ; * ' # 99 C$ 5; / $*9C; 8+

# `K =a k , K = ` = =K ` = M, M` = c K K, `

K= a c =k = = K= , ` = < =L B <

K < =M Oc < K = B `M K =M% M <a =L i f c =M, ` <K =

^ = `M k ` < f f, < M, ` < M `M = =f ^M <M= K , M ^M<, a

= f , < = . K= K K k =f=M :

XE E: N @ <= T < < S,Y R = T =*E! 'P < ,

+ YE E, R S+ >V <E E <= E. ($ A -DR < : 24)



V L I V N $ B O ( E N S T V % N A

S O C I $ L N % ( I V O T

43

a< =a< iM < = =akc ^ < k< iM^= = < K = . "k`

= =f K , K , ^ L , =K M,` =M / ( RPE =P )

=+ YE * > E. N > E R+ < , R S. J - < > =,

=> E [> T + < > R =. N > =V < >S+ + <[. J + < =V > + , < YE * > =

P , R + *E E+E+ R > V>=, <+E+=TE+E+ > V< + > R E+E+ > < E T

E . # V R S T <* * S+ YE , < [ < = =< . % < >P

V = , R < S < >E . D=+ > V = + RPE > R>EY < . ' K = < > = + YE =P > <

<[, > +, YEP E . ($ -M=< : 12)

* c= , < L L <k` a K , =K =M< = ,

= K =f = c=K. "k` a c, ,=K =M . # M K <k` a i M` M M <M

= =M f K=M. & , =` K =M<< M= , :

< : >E< , R > R >R Y < > > P<. ' < > YE V, Y * <

+ < > R =?

>VU: G&R < + <V = < <> R . J R V < E .

M * + <V + <E< *E< * >V< E .





= + /U /> K < =/

=> @ /@ <+@ +X+=/7 / / /

@ >+ =@V7US 7 . / @U <+ / @

] S => , >/< =/+ . J/- > @

/ 7 , /@ `@ , < X /= +>

@<+U . "] X , < X/ ]/> +

> > >+ @V/ >/ , /

/ =>/ / , >/] /7+ =><+ B +.



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

46

L =P < > = E. CE<E , <=* => <Y. J R < E > R E <*Y ; + < >, <> , , + G

>P + < > >V+ G N > < = >P > R>R + =P .

< : J = > R = * < + ?

>VU: & T <V * + > Y < =R <E < . J > <> YE < < , < S > R = ,

YE P S.

J Y > , R < > S, < S >T < >E+ * <, + >< > < < + + < * > E > Y= .% < <V <= S * >P * + < <

T < * E+E < * R <>E. % <YE = = , [ E, < YE

E R = >E = < + B . YE K = > R V, < = >VYE+E + E < ,

= E+E:A >[ < =< Y EV - > <= V * < , R PEY P E - *

= , * * <> > P . A * < , R >E , * = > , * R > <>

> P . ($ -M : 32)

%iM =a a^ =L< ^ , =f<` Bk M,` M =L L` M L

k ` a. * =L< ^ L = , ` M ` K= fc=a< =M< % .

('O =-# X: 93) * < iM f , K K KB = = ` M .

K= = iM f =k A < , ( =M<). J =

=k f M L , ` = =f





= ^ =M L .iM <k` i =M =

= K i M, K f=M ` K= <f =f i =L. & c=L = < a

U M<V L iM . J =` =K ` = M =f i g K=MM < . $ , ` ` = k =K ` = M

= = M L L . % <= , K = <= ^M :

N += < > V < > > S[ * ! N > < + = +[ , * < <

YEP V Y > T < < =, =+ <>V ! ($ -B : 188)

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

48

" > > /7, $@Z> @ @ + = < + ' + < > / >% 7/ < = / < < X = + @/ @S/ X =>/ =@Z>+. = + < @S /, K 7 / I , F<+ / $/@/<J+ = + R + Z = . J/ V7 ]/S/ 7 + > > < 7 , / U

] X / /@ <+, / U > / > K < .





49

K 9 57C # $8#;+$ ; #/ 5G#

$8 % 5 8* $* = ^=M f =M iMc = , ` <=

L<k k K K = i ^ = , c= , ̀ L, iM K =f= , = < iK , = < M =

= , = < . * c= , = K= = iM =M K< L < K ,

<= M, iM K M K =M = , `` f = . # M , iM = < M

K M = K L = ` f .b < L , = ` = < = K=

c L =M, = iM ^ = == , K <=L K < .

iM - =M K = k =<i , = =f `M f = iM K = .

` = M c =f= = =M ^ O , f f =a =a, < K = iM .

# M = = < M <M < = K K . J = <` < =L <f =K=M = <k` = M = =a O f ,

c =M O , K, = =f f =i < . a <M= ` i K K=M < =^M

L<k, L = ^ = , = ` i ` M

K =a i k K =a c , < =a< M`M< =f .

A ^ i M, ` K= = L= L L< = = M, ` K=

= i fiM M< c O == f< << M M< = = , L = L =M O ` :

B[ > Y = , * < > + >VY T <

+ > < E [ , R = E< , * <







N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

52

J ` K = ` f = , L = KL L c c a = M , <M=

` iM L, . C ^M<= a < f< a< <

K M =f. J = =M, =L =K ` = a =

<k` c f i L =M =L =K =LiM =M< ck<. *f <= ^ = a k. = c = a L<,

a = L ^ , i ^ ` K=M< = =K ` = M. % L =

= k< K< , = ` M = L ==L.*a = c=a< < = = c f =

a = < = =M. J B < K =M = , f M ==a<f M<=M ` = K c f . b f

< f f, ^ =. B K `M i = c=L O c ^ f = fc= . # fc=

= a < K =M . % K `M =L< . Bk ` , J ` =M

= K < f =M , < =M fiM M` K< K i ` M, < f

= ^M iM k f = . Df Mc . B = , < , c , <f , c = ,

L, iM ` < , ` K= L. " M = = K M ^M ==L iM ^=M < f b = ^ f M = `M < = M <K . *

L c= K iK M a ` . L = ` iK K M < . # M f = <

M`M L<k L = L <K M, KB `M . D , < M M K= g , ` M

<M= = B . " M M =





N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

54

K K=M = M =M ==M k = ` fiM M M. D ` K=

k =f=M < a< = L fiM M . * c= , = i K M

= K= = < L c , ` L ` f =M. J = = = <M= : =f < , `

= = ^ k = = = K == , ` = <K M . ] = K ,` = ` f = K =a< =K=M<. A

` < iM , <M= < <f=a< k <, ` < M, ` < f

K <k<. * L< iM f = <k` = a ^ == a< <M= < . A ^ j = L , fiM M

= = K`M < , a B .

L U / >K < = = +@ /7@Z< , / ^ @Z] @

U @ >, >/<V><@ @ZX Z. M < +

K < / / V7 ]/S/ 7 + < 7@S/ < .



M; $8/$ / $5 C ; *#$ + # + * "$ G B C;

Bk M c f `M i M, i ` <M c= . * L E =R > P<V <E > P<V <E < YE

<E V> >[ =P<V E . B[ >V = = < , R * T E. ($ A I : 134)

G < , R > S YE+ [ Y <

> S* E, R V> =, =P<V E. ($ P-O= : 37)

% " << ( ` =K=M =M<) La fiM M = K=M L =f <= a

c =M:' =a < ` =4=M C4=, 3> ?i4 07 94 > C0C=M E> > , 0 4 C4=, 3> 4 >=C > 94, 94- >I7=fEK=. (A -B 70 )

Bk fiM M K= fiM M c f M, = = c=f. < a =f , ` L

` = M ` =M B `M . * ` L<, L < M, ` L< , a <

` L< , a = = = ^ M f , = M f^M B . Bk ` k K=M, a

= i = = U ^=L< K=MV =

= k K=M U= ^M.V * <= ^M =K = Bk g :

X =R * E [ MS , * > Y < , + PE . ($ -I : 53)

A>P V R <E , + PE! ($ -M= = : 96)

D * P < =< = > ; + <E , +

PE , , < , E R < * = * Y < <>E, < * YE< =+E . ($ F= <: 34)



55



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

* i M, L ` M = L = , ` a , = = ^M k . * L<

i M i =a< k < ` M K M , , K f < M. *fiM M =

= =M L L K=M. A= ==L< ̀ f, = = K=M, = =M K f =i = =L . L = = L k ,` =L i =L =M< < , = M M fiM M.

% c= iM =f ` K< K< K , c= i =f i K =K < L . *

c=L L M = < M` < . # = a < = < , K= f = ` M M

= k =K ` = M, = = =a<K=M<. J f =L, ` K

^ <f= L =K , = j K <





57

a < k ` ; = c K =L M <k` f=f , k < = ` M M< L = = =K M. * c= =f

< = K =M K =M = . J= , c ^ =a < < ,

iK , =M< ` f iM = a M .E <K M, iM = K = , ` f= f`M K =f, ` M M a < = -

K < i = . * L c= K f` `M . J M c = L f`M M< M , M M =M

"K i M, ` c f , = =f ` =f M, <kà c =a, f = M, = < =a = <M K`=a

L<. L L L c < M . J = < = =M K` =M<, =

= K=M< < =^M K . J =` = fiM M c= < i i =L M ,

^ =f=L c = ` f=K K

= = k <, c K . A = ,c = L L c= < K = ^

=a< kc = L< =K=M, =K = =f = =M.

M 9+* +9 8 $5759C$ 5 7 +

, i ` M =K ` = a = =K M, `^ , , = B "

i M. f <M < ^j ^ =M = K .D K c K, `K =K K = i M = K .# M =K =L . # <M K= a<

< < M =K =f ^ = M.% < k f =a< < . = L =f f



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

58

M`M L<k M f = <f ^M i k < = < M < `= ^ , L M M

< f . J = K f= = K= T k=L B < T fiM M K=M

= L < K L< L< K=M ^ M% = c Ki ` iM B <M a B a = <f ^ f <M <f=M. J

= = < ` K=M K=M L , a K M = ^M< K=M

K =L< < = < f K=M = M. J f` , = a< = < , fiM M

= =K = , < , = f = M. A= = = a< f , L M = iM = f

` =K =K =f. * M`M< L<k< = = K K. D = f` a c < < M

= M c = f , K = < =M< L f L . " M M = i=M M

` ^ f = B , fiM M <K ` = <f

' K < B` ] + /, / > 7, / / S . $/ / >< + + , + + V

=> , > = => / @ / B /7 @K < .







a c f < , M L M a^ =f= O c=M, f i =, =

f = , i M.

L # # C;"; $ 9 C$ 5; ; + 8' # "' * $

* = f <a c= , = c L M =L = , < M =f c L = . a = M = L . D =

=, =K< =a K , <k` M =^ =M , f . %

<, f M`=L, f` L = = < , = ` < M, ` < = =M = , , = ` M `K =K = = . $ =f i M< M =M = M , ` K, ` = K`=a k c= L = K a< iK=M<.

J =` , = < =K= iM ,

= =M k ` L, = L

i c = ` c= . Dk ` a<

< , `

= `K =aM M k

, k= K =K ` = L

= , a <K= K a<

a< ` K<. B



61

... A Bk M= '

' L< fiM M< c = =f

= c=a<

= ; `

= a^ = . ABk ` L f

^ f M..('O -F : 26)



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

62

B K K K M ` =f Lk .

A ^ ^=K , =f KK< < K . # = <M = M f

` K =L. H =M iMc = L K=M < =a B . J f < , ` Bk

M, ^M M ^ <, a K L< M M a = K iM <= B . =, fiM

B <K = = k c f ` B `M < =M. # = ` f , B .

B = , ` f K, K i M` B . <K f< ^ :

G >E H > T =R , < *+ , > S> B , R >

<* > E =R , < * > E , + *= = * + <, * B[ V

< , + > * , * < R > <$> . A B[ =P<V Y= , = + + , R TE< . ($ -N : 36-38)

I +9 *9 9+*# $ $"*

# =M `K =a< i =M<, ` , = ` M

= =K ` = M < M < = . c= a< i < L< ,

=f ` ` M. $ f , L K , = =L =K ` = M< =f =K ` = M

cM, ` = M . % , ` fiM B ` =K M M < , f < , `= fc= M , < < K =M

= , K= K= . % = fiM M



= = f =L, ` a= ^ =a . # M ^ =L, = fiM M

iM : UE M M c M L, K < =f c f= iM<.V < f , ` =, = = =K ` = a< = K<, = <K = < `= , = ` a

a. %iMc = = = ^M a k k^M k < K =M k < ; ` = <M M

fc= , = <M i f c =M, ` ` a i c = < f f = fc= K= = <M `K =a B .

% , = ` M =K ` = a<= < , M = =M K < = M L.

H =M< c K K=M< ` f a ^M, ^ k=M ` , K = ^M ` =M O =f... % =

i L M, i =a , a = k f=f f c= iM =f < =M

f , L < i = < . # j = =M `= fiM M K K < f =

K=M L . *^ =a , aM M L< M L = =M =a;

K c= K M <L=f =a< k <. =K = = ^ M c= a =f=M f <M.

' c=f i c = c= , =

K= =K ` = L = , = = =K.B a < ` a a. J =` c f ^ = f< M, L

Bk ` = f =f ^ =L K (= ). Bk g= L = =K M M< ^ :

G A > =PE+ < YE< < ; *= < - >P< * *= < - * * E, - >R Z B[ *Y

> >P , + T E< . ($ -N : 128)



63



* c M L M = K = Li f c =M = K =M K ` . ,

=M i M = f M =f f`M =f = < =K.% a c f = iM = =, = iM

= = < = ^M = = < = , i M M c = . # =

a = ^M ^ . ka< = M =M M < = = M

* ` , ` , = L, `M = . J M k =a< k

=f =M< ` f.I c= = fiM M M L =K<M aa< <. # iM < a ^ f iM < L< M. J =` =M iMc =

= =M B `M , M<, = =M. Ba K =, g K= <M U V

< < , iM , , c < <fi M. " < ,

iM f f M a< f ^ =f iM ka = <=a =K=M iM < .

I L <L ` ` =M

f = ==M. J M < = =M

K = B `M = `

a< <. J = ^ =M =M

L < ` ,M ` =M `

=M L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

64

R iM K M < `= ^ f M = ^ f M

iM M =fk ^ f M

<. Bk f< , `

c =M. ('OA WI< K=: 134)





65

c = L =M. *f ^ = , K < ` = , M k c=a .

* c= , = ` =K ` = L == M, M ^ f M f= c M

- U^ f V =K= f < , L c =M fiM M., fiM M ` M = f K=M

^=L , = M` M = fiM M. *fiM M i = g =f=M i a i =f=M< a

=M i . H L = V = + =U ,< <+ . ($ -I : 8)

< < E = >VYE+E * = < +B RE =< P<V =R[, R V<E ($ -N :75)

# <M < ^ =M = L =M i , fiM M

i K K f = ` L ` =L. % ( ` =K=M =M<) c =M, U%i <, J ` <K ^ , c f = fiM, =

< L , < .V (A -B ," <) a `=f K`M fiM M .

=K ` = L = =f ^Mi =L,K =M ` = = f < < M <=

L<k.



I +9 *9 9+*/ $*9C; 5G * ";

% =K ` = M cM = K , M M =M L< < = =K ` = M,

L <k` = = f . J < k, ` K ^ =K =K f L <

a< ` K<. % =f ` = k M fc= ,L, <` =K ` = L = M a `

= <K M, = = c= `K . Bk L c f =K M M< ^ :

G =R < S > YE< =P<V Y =R >P + = ,

P<V + <E, * + >E+ = ! ($ -M= < < : 12-15)

* i M, L = ` M =K ` = a= k a< < < K M a =f <M M

< =f . " c = L c= ` i K f`, M c = L f M a =

= O f^=f ^M, = K =f ^M, = =f ^M = M =f ^M. # < k K =M, =

L K =L f . # M a< K M M < = , < M = . D = f K ^j =a< i M` ,

=M i K M < .

' < M K =M ` =M; L = ` M L , L

i i ^M, c c =L , ` = cM i = = K= =

a = <= i M= . % =Lk =f=M, ` c f ` = < f f,

<f = ^M ^ K<f < <f

a , = a< < < . % L K =L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

66





67

i = < <K =M< = iK=M . D = =a =K k , ` c f

K =M =K .K =K <k` i K = = =K

=f < , = =M f < =K ` = L < K . J =`c= M , ` c f M`=a M M ` ,

a =a ^ . % = fiM M == = = a ^ f M. # L

<= iK=M c f = , = jc f i =, cK M = = c=L ` =

fc= . = ` ^ a< <M < ^K^ f = ` =a<, =a = K =M,

= = L < ` . , ` ` =M K =M < M L ^ , M L

= f < =K ` = a = K , = `M = L` < f f = K M M = f^ =M

= =M. # = = K M = , ` <f=M = c=M <k . * = <L=f M . # = = L f^ =M <,

` =M, K M < = M<, = =M. =M < c =M ^

cK < fc=L =M.#K ` = M i c f , f . *fiM M

< ('O - : 71) f L ,

<K L K =L f , f K fiM M ^j =a<. J ` ` a `M K a = M < f B ,

K K K M =M. J = ,=K M M, ` c f i =M< B , =M =

L M f O M M. * Lc= = = < K =M = = ,

K = iK . ' % " << (

` =K=M =M<), UB M = cM K L< <f=M,



=M = .V (A -B , " <) f fiM M .

VG * ' # 9 9 C$ 5; 57'+ 8 $ C9 + 5 895

, cM< < L = a iM , `K K K= = K= < K

< . % fiM M =f `K , a = M B `M k M. J =` =f , = f=

`K = = = K< =K ` = M, = k ,c = <f j K , = j, =M

=f=M, = `K =a < , a < K= . ' f` c =M =K =a< k< `K

M K^=f. " K M K M =L M , K= =f ^M = =f ^M = ` = < . % =f

< a < ` K M L< iM f ^M . *f ,

M, <f =K=M = =M, = a < L . L ^ c=

= L =M `K . $ K^ f a< K M <%i f K=M ^M M, =M =K

M =L< , = L , = cM < a L k , c =M< K f .

C `K =f L `M L< = M, ` =

= K i = M<, c =M K= M . <L= =M< ` f ^

k =K L ^ f` =M< =f =K. `=M< =M <f =K=M `K

K =K < f`=a< K=M ` ==M< ` f.

A K= ^j , ` fiM M ` c ^ f=a

a ` : *fiM M f^M O f a iM

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

68



'V < ,R R > < S =

* > , , >> + =* E > = Y E >

R > E < = V<E.($ -H : 20)



=M:% , R > V E E > < < *> = =<> > >EY

P<V Y , < = E < , R > <V > , E > = E+ >S+ R = > < >[ < =,

+ * > <V > +[ . A > E Y <Y * =, * V < < . A < , R+ E =P > Y < =, < *= = * R E.

A < , R Y P + , > YE: P, = Z * <YE P , < YE Y P > >EY ; >

+E P + *= < <V , R Y =>VY , P, >R Z % >V = >E> >S, < > S! ($ -

H P : 9-10)

* > 03 ?i KIK=M70 % > > " 70<<03 (?> >9 0?>`47=K=M =M<) C0 L 03 EfiM2M<, 0 H 4 EHE0 >E0 `K E> C : U*HE0 9C4 4 IKE C , =4 >j IKE C ?>7 2 94 3> L C H, C0 90 > >74g ?>7 2 94 ?0 E>.V (A D0FO3)

I +9 *9 9+* 8 $,C$ $8 + # / $5 C $+9 * <"#K ` = M ` = = K L

< K K . * K= a K Bk c f , <

f . Bk " =a a< ` =M k<. $ KB J ` =M k< K= :

=P<V E+E , S. ($ -B= R: 14)

Bk ` , c f K` K a<. fiM M = K < M a K .

` M< =K=M< K = B `M K =M ^M<<, a L K O f. " <

fiM M f M, ` , Bk i M ^ M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

70





71

==K. ' c= , ` f <M <, c f^ =, fiM M < , =M<

i , ` f < , ` L L <f=f= = fc= . I= = =M B

M < , ` L< c = , a = M, = L <f < =M<. * M B `M K ` L , = =M` M, ` = g K .

# M f <M, ` ^ = fiM M c K K ^M ` ` ^ = M = fc= k , ` K

cM M = =a i =f=aK .

i a =a ` a , iM =f= =K ` = a< = K<. & ==L ^M, f < = =f M M< L ^M c . %iM B ,

= = K= , L ` a : <>[ , * < V NV =+<E>

* < T[ * > . A < R T

* + = < * < =, YE F= ! *S> < , S* R => >>S ! ($ -I : 23)

% > > (?> >9 0 ?>`47=K=M =M<) C0 L ?>I> = =0 C4=C> >3 c4=M<, U"4I =K =4?0CiM, 3> =4? >94E 94

... A ^M K iM <= ;- ^ = L -

=M, - ` j Bk i = ^ <, c =M .

('O =-# X: 128)



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

72

< > 34= CEM =0^ < < 03a< 0 =4 4 ?4 C 94 =0^4 C0 L,3> =43>?> c 94 27EK H7>3=L 0 =4I0 0I 94

I0E `4=M7>3=L.V (AC- < > E V T[ , YE*= S , < [ , + = S ,

= > > V YE V = + E =, YE< = <>E =+E = + <V B RE <V , R

> = > P > + ! B[ >V = = < , R =SP >E > + =* T E. ($ -N : 36)

` < K =K ` = M i K K, L = K <f f`M, = K=M L< k

< . D =K ` = M <k` ^= :C R > V , B[ => E * <>E >=

* ? J < >S< T S, R Y > S * [ >V<> >E, > R *VY PE <> > E. A B[ => E

* <>E - > <= E. ($ I* : 24-25)

L = M iM kVYE+E R = > V Y < Y = E > = E > R E , R= E

<*=, > E =R = = =P E >[T B = J =. N <V B[ >V = <= , * Z B[

+ S = S. ($ <-% =* : 71)

K iK M =a a^ =L< ^^j = f = L c= ,

= = =f j M ^ = M c = L. M L

L = ^M.



R% <=f =M B `M

K<, ` = iK $= fM` ^

T M < T ;('O A WI< =: 103)





# < , ` M M M iK L L L< = M M a iK . # M L

f =L, ` = = = L LiM . *f < , L k = = `M,

i ^M iK M. J < = ^ , `L iK M ` fj O M. * L< L f

<f a = i = f L iK . BK K=M <f i =f K k c , =M =

` ==L, L iK . J =` c= , = =K ` = M = i ` M,

` M L = < =L = f .# iM =f =K = < =M, iM

f =f K = iM <=a< < M = < = , Lc =M = =M< = < =

k =f . # M^ < = K = ^ = = , = ` k a<

iM <, a i < . C = < M< L,` ` a ` = = <K =M iM .

=M iMc = , c L, iM = M == =K ` = M, = < M L iK . A=

= i = f =M: K M. %K L `M = L = < a iMc =

= k K =M< . K , i ` < =` L, f =L ` . a = M

L M = L f , c = , =` c=K = , = j f ` M =M ̀ . *< f L < M c = M a<

ck< `K = < . #K < L, iM = ` M =K ` = a = = <f=M

< ` f i =a< =K < < .



75



P # C 59 ; $ ' #9 C$ 5; 57 C$ 5 $"' 7

# '7 5G * "' "'# - c=M B = L M- = B ,

iM = ` M =K ` = L < K = = =f

i K M k =L . # K f M

= , ` ^ f= , M < M.

' ^=f M, ` <M = = M ^ K M < :

#+ : $ <, Y ER + < , > >V = < !

< *= < > + % =, R

< >P * + V , > R =TE

>P , + < V ! ($ -DR= = : 8)

% = fiM M < K . D = = = <a^ M = M ` , =f ` M <,

M < M, k K M i =M L < ^ =

%i <a^ M ^ <K < M M iM ^ ^ =M

K` < `= , ` = = = = = . B

K`=L M = fc= < K K = <M =f

f . " M , ` K= = a = <=i <M = <M k `K = ^ = K

= ` . J < K f cM

< K ` =M M , ` i =

, = ` ' =L = .

L f ^ = = `M i = =f

K=M = = Ki =M< < = < = k, L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

76



= M. L = k =f= = < ^k:

G + + < < < < >* - < *S<

< E? ($ P-O= : 129)' < =K <M= < = fiM M

< L . B = , f = `M a

< ^ = = < , K = < =L L= = K` M ` a

= = =K . '< M M =

= = < K M = =M i <M=

= ` . J =` , ^ =a< = <, =

f M, < , = M a < ^ =M =

< . =f = M < < , ^M

i <f M, = f = .

, ` < = <k` = c=L < f M.

# f M f i = = iM k< M

i , < ^ = = < . A ^ j

= K M L< f f , < = =f = =

K = . $ < = <f==L<

=K M M ^:

AZ > *= < , < > < , * < *

> >VRE+ > V S+ G ($ -N : 78)

'< fc= , f c= , = ` < M

fiM M < L <f=M. K M L `

` =M<. % =f < =f ` =K=M K=M

' i < f=M L O c ^ f. =K M, ` <

= =M = M < = M = < , = = c =L .



77



P # C 59 ; $ ' # 9 C$ 5; 57 C$ "' 8 # "

L<fi ^ = L , a < fiM M ,

f L = , =f <K K= = .

` M ^ = = iM = L f , L < k f

` , M M = =M. # `K M K ,

a< < M = , = g M f

< . # M f< a< K< M

` ==M c=a K k =L< f .

% = <k` a K f = M

J ^ M M, L Ki M ^ < `=

< f M`M <k` a ` .

" M = L , iK

M = =f, O f ^ = < i = k ` f ^M L< =

f f. " =^M = iM <= K K a< <

. <L= = i ` K=M Li

^M f` L c . J i iM , ` K ,

c f = <f = ^ . J

< i <f = = <K =M, c f , =M` fiM, ` =M O f^=a =a.

A ^ =f = `M K = M K

K K, < <f k fi B < #f<

= iM g. D O f K=M =

< < M. , K k f B

M #f .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

78



` K^ < M; ^M<

K a< a< ^ =M<,

#K< = K = .('O -A= X: 35)



J =` , ` = ` M =K ` = a = ,

= f < a = <=L , K M

K M = cM< ^M. ' = K=k == = <= < = N==M == M

O k. $ = c k; k f

= a< c=a< < ^ = < ,

c= a^ = , L f = =

K M, < ^M k< =

= k c .# M =K K= < K L

= =cM . = = `

= K`=f = g . " M L f L < ,

=` =M < =L , < K = .

= = K K = f ^M< < . k < ,

i ` < M =f , ` =f, M , K f =M . Aj M =

M, ^ = M = M <f. A

Bk , ` M < f f =

= = M`M, #f k fi . J =`

` = = M M c=M L k fi B ,

= L O . b f ^ = <f= =a > R= + = * = Y = >

* < , >P B[ > *= =P<V E $>

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

80



> < B[ > S, >P >V =+E. ($ -

B : 268)

D ^M < = = =M a M M = K = M. J K = , ^M <f= L<

f ; K M = Ki , iM = cM= M

^ f , < L K= =f K M .

` a f Oc = k K = M f M , = f M =

< K =K ` = M. * iM f K`=L f M,

=f f M. %i <a^ M K=M < M.D ^M< =M< K < < a M , ` k = <

L, = . ` M, K = `M

= iM <= L .

f<, ` ^ =a k , = <f= =f L =M` =M<. %B = <M K= `K =L Ki

= < = <=L, L =f =f< i a fc=f.

('O J = : 27)

f<, ` ^ =a k , = <f= =f L =M` =M<. %B = <M K= `K =L Ki

= < = <=L, L =f =f< i a fc=f.

('O J = : 27)



f = = =L L< ,

L< c f M i = M . % fiM M ^

^=K. # < M `K =L L . *fiM, ` ^ < , ` = , =

= B . # c M M , = ` B `M =M, `

` M B L L K= . " <

f < , ` < f f = < M c K .

" M iM B ` J

K =M. fiM M K i = < #+ : B= < R <E , + B[ Y

PE + Z B >VYE+E

E! ($ <-% =* : 51)

' =L K= iM = fiM M f =

c =M % " << ( ` =K=M =M<) :

R 34C4- ?0<0C>E0C =0 B>70, $= 34 ?0<0C>E0C =0 EK ,0 3H` EI?><M=KC4 =0 B>70, =0 4I=4C4 J49 ?i43 EK< .

3H > > =f2> `K3KC4, `K349C4 C> >3 B>70, 0 3H` 7 43KC4

?><>2, 7 4349C4 9 B>70. *fIC4, `4 3H H 4 3L

943=>C , 0 H EK< ? > ?f , <>7> EK< ? > ?fC ?> I4

CM<, 2> ? > EK Bk7 I0I=0<4=0 0 3H H 4 943=>C , 0 H

EK< ^ >3 , <>7> EK< ^ >3 C ?> I4 CM<, 2> ? > EK

Bk7 I0I=0<4=0 . %4 0 9 > >34 K=0 0 C K= H 9 > 27L.

(AC- < I )

` =f iM<=f ` = k K< , <=

L<k K =M i =f < M; ` a =a

=a ` . #K ` = M i =K^M i ^ =M = ^ =

. L M M O =M a i < =.

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

82



, ` = K M =f=M f <M, ` ` K ` =M

K ^ B . * K L<k

= = <M= M, ` M M <f= , - k fi B . % =f, = - < iM =f, fc=M B ,

cM<` M K = f = fc= . =

= c f < = a< fiM M<

K< < K . A =K M , k f iM =

B K =M ` =M . % ,

< M M < M. J =M = = , ` =M < , cM= M

M k M< K < f f.

I +9 *9 9+*; 5G ;"; *

* <= ^M K= Bk i a<

< <= =f i <M=K, `

= = f< , M = . #K =f = <K

fiM M = < `= = ` a <=a.

# <L=f = <f < c K , ` = ` M M

= k K< , <=K. $ =M = M = = , < , =M = <L

K M f < , < ` M L M k = <` M

= =M ` =M = =M< . *` `M

= i = M< = =f ^M, = M M M

= = =M = ^ = L< . " M< <

= = i = < , ` = = c < ,



83



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

84

M ^ , c < ` ` K f , = =f`

^=M =M M=f. b =f = M =M

a . % =f a < = .%a < K=M, M < iM<= K

O , = j =f L f . b M O K

=M , < M , ` f,

f .

, = K K= = K T= < = , >R Z [R P

< SP = > = > + =.

($ -I : 37)

J =a ^ =M:

N > + <> Y > = E + U =<V ,

* Z B[ >V = = SP > > + =* T ! ($L= : 18)

% " << ( ` =K=M =M<) L

fiM M i = M:

a c >Ef 94 C4=, 3> 94 ?H^=a 0 EHC07 94 4 0 I0?><M=K =0

*4 L7> 0 *I=4^4=L7>. (" <)

#f iM L < `=K < =M<, UJK <



<=a.V A ^ <= f K< L < K

g ` a < < = ` ^ L K=M

= . =, <=a L< < =M = k c= , ̀ * =M < ^ , c =f

<L ^ , K< =M, Bk ` Bk ^ =

i . J f < , ` ^ = f f <M<

B . M L = < a = ` fiM M. $

K M M =K ` = L K K=M f =f =

<=f, ` = =M i =M < K fiM M . D = ` iM k K= ,

<= , = =M = M = ` M

= K=M, L < =M <L=f == .

J =L, ` c= K = = =M

= = =K a< < M`M < . E

= i < =K < c= M, M` c = L= = M `K =L = = , <

c= M =a <=a M.

k f<, iM =K ` = M.

I +9 *9 9+* 8 5 $

/ +$ $ + # #" 8$ ; $

 9 > < > 3=M, ? >94E 94

< > 34= CEM #49< > 3=f9^M. B 34C4- < > 3=M Cf<,

3> 9 > =0 CLC> I4< , 4=, 3> 94 C =0 =4 4 M27 34 < > 3=a EK<.V (A D O , A - < )

# a K= M K K=M B `M = ` M

= k K< = K c f k

< K =M = . * = fiM M c= =

= i = ` L< ^ K =M

M . # fiM M <k` = < =f = a< = `^M<, L < , , c , K<,

iM =a< . '= = iM = K=M<

< g . ` a k K=M K K f M,

K M, ` = M, = K M

.

# fiM M = = < = M a< ` =a<, = j <` L ` ==M K <

k ` f ^M = ^ = =M. L K < < K=M,

< = =M. J f` K M M =M

, =` i K =aR iM M =

` K ` a , =`

= M M f < L< = M K=M =f ^M, f K=M, k = f

=a = =a, = =M K < .

# iM - f < K`=L =M = ,

= M = <k` . % iM c a< .

# = M =f=L = < = < a =

i =M c . # M = <K <

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

86



M`M = f c f , L = = =K.

*` j = = <M .

' c= , =K ` = L = = ` M, =K a iM . = L <M =M < M

, L =f = < K K= .

% =K ` = M M i M ` = , f

L K <=f j M < = M M

K=M ^=a k k. A ^ <f a L

k =f= , ` = =M c M M, =fa < c=a M = f < K =M . # M = M

= a< = k< c a M M K=M

= =a , = K=M c a iM^=a k

= , L =L ^ f=M =a , L = iM

`K M i M. E = =L

c = L ` < `=K = ` ==f ` M = k =K ` = M B

= K L< f M.

I +9 *9 9+* 8 $,C$ * C# / 9 ; $ $ ;

=, ` = K= i =K^M i ^ =M =

L< c = =>, / = => + /7 =< =>=/ / /@ / @/ = /X => ,

/ > X ]= > 7 K < . M => > =

=>+] , Z> , >]/ + < Z + / Z /X @ . 'VS/@/ / < = = /

U @ >+ @ / 7 < / K < .







91

K< =K^ = =M< iK=M< . * < <

= `M =M ` k = M<K

K c= = = k. %i ^K i =M k ` a< =M<

K <k< a K = M L<k, K =M =

=f = =M f =

=M .

D = f = K =f ^M , = = i ^ =a

L<k ` a . *^ = = `M k =L, iM iM =f = iM =a<,

= = a i = < =^M< M<, <K

U =M .V L =M < c K K=M

= = k M, ` c f ` = M i ^ =M. H =M

iMc = , ` a K = = M M = ` M M

= k =K ` = M, L f L< K f , = =K M M< ^ :

.... J =- * =, < < T < + > P + + =

V . A < < , R = < , < YE = V

=> R= E, ($ -H P : 14)

J = c M L iM =M i . \c =M M L< = , =f `

c =a ==M =. J ` ` a <K = < ,

=K = . \c =M < K , ` ,

< M =M = < c=f , a <

K=M i = f M M i L =M`

= i =f . < ,



N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

92

` = K `M = <, = M , a M<,

iM K, = - = i c = a M<, c =M =M

= M. , < M, K M <==a k = , =K K= L

= . H =M< < < L iM `

^ =f = . b a M =M

L< ` =f = f f <M, `

= f i ^ =M. = ^ < i =M f < f

M = = M < M, k M =a. * c= M < k = =M =f L

i ^ =M . * M M M O c ^ f < =a

`M , ` = c < K `M , i

<fg =K . " M , ` = i =L

= f `K =a< i ^ =M a =K .

# K M = = <K =M<.*fiM M = = f < , ` Bk ^ =

= < =K K, k K M < iM, f < M K` M

^ = M. Df M = iM =f ^M = M

= K M = ^M i ^ =M. H f f M =

` f= i K` < , = j = = ^M < K ,

=a< < f = = M <f= = < K= <. $= U K ` L = K f

< i M.V ('O ^-] : 38) % ` L

M < `= , K = M M M B . #

= a M = K = , i ` <k`

a =M< K <

=M.





93

% ` B c K K=M< <f= #f

fiM M = =M`M < , c K =M =M ,

K cM = L =M =M, <g K= , = = i .

% i ` L< = M, L < = K

K M , < , = ` =K=M B .

" M a B = c Ki

^=a J < =M fiM M c =M ^ K=M

('O -A= : 29) f = iM =f ^M<= M i ^ =M. " M =

` M B `M i K K=M < K= U a V B

('O - @: 2), U < Bk f cM.V ('O -

@: 4)

I +9 *9 9+* ; + 5G* 7 # 5G 5 + 5 B '

D ^ f , ` = =M iM k B `M

= k K< , ` < L, =L

Mc =L; , , ` M a c L

=K . * k f a ` k M , =

= . # M fiM M = < M a = M

= B f <M, ` ^ = M M, i c =

B <. # f < , ` L = < =L, ^

K K =M B , c f < f f

^ ` < K = = M

B `M iM k. M =K a M

93



K < < ` L ` =M , = ,

k ` K = a = <=K.

L L ` ==M K` K`=f < M < = N==M K , K M = < ,

= k ` f ^M K = f f. , ` f

= M M, < M = K=

M = =M . J K` = < < <

<` f M = f ` M = ^ f M,

L . " M< M M =M = <= L =. % K =f = iM <=K

K , M M i cM = = iM M

, ` = K M B , = < , `

` K K J = .

% ==M K M =K

K . * < ` f <= =a k,L = M. K M L = , = L ` ,

< < = K=M. = = L K=M = B

` ==M< ` f ^ = M

a ` .

# iM ` = <K = ` =M

< = = = , < <K M K . % K

L< <, =M<` = M, = = < M, `

K K M M =M B `M ` =M = =

< M a =f L . % M`M = K =M K

= ^ f M K i . =K K

i <f f k M, ` = =M =K .

J =` , K M, f =f = M , L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

94





95

<=f = K = ` =a c. A ^

= K M B = ` M = k

=K ` = M, K K = ^M L< a<< < .

K` < = M < =` ,

< = ` c= , a <K L` M` L<

=M< ` f. "K , ` , ^ ` =

< , = < =^M f` . J =` =f =M

K ` K =M k ` . ' K M =M` ` K K = B , K

K K =M K K

= . L` M f , L ` M i M,

= M =K ` = L = . * f f < =L<

^ =M< < < L a< ^ =M< ` <,

a K 10 ` 15 . f` i = M M =L= O f^=L ^ , = M K=M a = <=L

c = c . # f ^M < f M iK M

. % < < , = f , K=M i K=M i ^ =M

f` K=M f ^ = < ck M, L

k f =f = M. k K K < = = =M =K .

J =` = iMc = =K = = M = k< =K ` = M. , ` = = M L ' i

= L M = B , ^M< k L

.

* c= , = K= =K ` = L

= , K f a^ =M L ` M = =M<

< < = f , < M , ` < M = k ` f ^M



' / = /X =>/ , / =/ / = 7 , <7 >/ , =7 >/><+ /, => + => = / => @+ = X => +U / U @ >+. $U/ @S/ = / Z / > /] @ Z] @ >/ > +

. 'S/ =/ < Z 7Z @ < . /@Z] + < =><+

/ @V +7 => >Z > => + >/<V7 =/ >< / Z@+ +

J/ @S+ 7 U , U/ / @ 7 / ] /7 Z , / < @ = < , + / 77 />/ Z , / < @ = S +> ; / B` > , +> 7 @ >($ <+ + -B+ +<+: 2 16)





N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

98

L< = f f, , M< M c= =K =L

=M, =f M = < ^ =K , `

K=M ` f = =M c K K=M.A ^ c f = = i K f

, K M i ^ =M = M = K

K= < M M =a <K = <f , ` =f

=M =f i = B < K= f

= =M . %iM = < K K< <

^ = < < k K=M. J = ` ` f = a = <= =

, K = , = M`M =M <f . =

i =K^M =M c = a

` .

%i f = < K K< = = M K

L a =K = = M. B O , ` ` a = = K K i c =a

B <, = <f < i =M

cM M M K M M, L Bk i

.

% <, =K ` = L = i ` M, =

= iM K U = <V. # = ^M K^ =M U c = ^ , = R

= i K = ^ , < < M

= cMR i ^ iM , < f R % c <

L f? J K R f = , <

< `M < K MR = L ̂ , = = c

a c R = < = ^ , = <





99

^ =fR = , = <f = R

^ =L< L i , iM R = =

, < a = ` .V L K M L `

<M= M = B = =K ` = M c

iM M U = <V = = i = L` = fc= .

D ^ M < =K:

K R * > V<, R < > *= = Y W

S > E: K * + > < <, >V =

* + R P > E >

R < * + >V = V >VYE+E+ ! ($ -

A : 27)



* <= a = `K M Oc = k = c= = M L =K a =M = k. * < M < a

=M ^ . J <M=f= iM , , = < = < KK< , ` M = K L< < , L< . M <= a< = < =f=M< . J f

K M a< < K = M. D =M <k` O c = f .

Oc = = =M< = f ^M, < K = . F L <f= T< L

c , = = =M K k, ^ - < L , i ` fiM M L ` f = cM< a<

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

100

EGA%I' P QWI KEGA%I' P QWI KE'P# AE'P# A

LID$K %YLLID$K %YL



N E G A T I V N % & ) I N K Y N E V % R Y

N A L I D S K # T * L O

101

= M. a iMc = k` = , = K K M `= . B c= =

= f. # =M <, ` = ` c =M K= =f c = <K a .

f`=f f=L c= , L = ` M K< L < K = = K= =M L

f. J ^Mi =L, ` ` K= i =aO . % cM= M =L =K L i = =f=M = M

< f f, ^ f ^M i ^ = fc= .

*fiM M ^ k K M =M, = j M = K` = < , =

= f . ' L M = B M ` LK L K B , ^ <K =M

= L M. =, iM k =f =M B iM f < M L< < .

$ ^ <` fiM M < L = < =f K = , =` = < M L iMc = iM f= fiM M : = < , < K = M = = =L

L . J =` K, = = =M = c K fk iM< = = =M M <,

a M<K =K < = fiM M k ` , ` `M. $ K M M a ` =L< < , L M = B M ` L<

= = i =f ^j =K =K =O <f, <k` = L< k M< M.

' c= , =M` L = i ` M =K ` = a= = k = M, L

=K ` = M K a =a<a< a< ^ =M< . ' c=



=K a iM k.* = ^=M f f = < =L < <

U M`= = ^M :V . f = U ^ = < MV M`= , L a< < .

# =K<f ^M =L < M L : K K = . %

`=M i ^=M = < =f=M =f =L =M<<, = < a M , < , i

< L= , c=M< iM < < < . J f` < =L = f = < M <

M. A ^ a = f a a <k ,` i = c M a L< .

_ , =f<` i ` M =K ` = L = , `= L K=M = B M . ' f <M<, `

Bk iM < ' a a ` =M k, = c=a , a J = M^ f^M

M K J K =M. # = , f , K ` a = M i =K^M O , L `M K

=K f < f. I i K=M f< = ^M<= < fiM M =K K, ` ^ =

B < = , = K=

K= <. # = K M = = M M=a c Mc =a. " M M fc= = c=L M < , = c < K `M,

a< k <, a< M K = = c=L<f= fc= . k =L Mi B =f

K =L K = ^M = = = =K . #K < =M <

M = = .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

102



K f = i = =K < ` M< = k =K ` = M i ` K=M<

= =K ` = L k ` . H =M < M = fiM M U = M `M ̀ ,V ` M M, < = ` . * < < =f <fi = = L

f , L < < < `g . = f^=f ^M f , <=M K . J =` =f .# a < = = a< = < <f <

= c =M, = <M M M ` . %i M<, = `

c L< K < = fc= , =M < ` f. M< k < f f =L,

` U V ̀ f = c K =f iM == Lc =L O <f.

$ , K < f , i = B <, = =K ` = a< k < ` . J = = =

L<, =f<` i K M =K ` = L = = iM ^=a< . ` f `M K= =L< Oc , = ` a = , =

^ =M = c =M. * K < f= . J i = B < K =M,

`M K= < < L i =M.* i M K < k g , ` K

^ =K L< < c =M < f f, = = = ` =L B <. , c =M L M K`= O < . B M a <

< f < =a< iM c= . J K= , ` =M =M L, iM

= M ` a = = =f f L ^ <, K iM = M < < =

i =M, k K M =M L< ` f



103



K = M f K L . % c = M k g M, ` c =Ki <f

k K =M = =a ` . , c M, k K =a < a

a = M. A ^ =f ^ <= , , L <k` c f = a ` M< =K ` = a = k. B =L ` K=M < K

K= = =M f =L, L K ^ = L=K .

S $ $ $57' $+ , *#7C ' # 7 N9 C$ 5; / $'+;C$ 7' , = f ^Mi =L K =M, L = a =L

U = K =M < ,V <K =L L iMc J ^ =a < f k =a <,

= , = f M, = K <f =K=M, M = K c =k

f = K =M< L < aM. H = = = K K =K

a^ = i = =M< f =a M." M< =M f =f= ,

< =L = , =M K f = .

C = a ^ f , =f f =L= . k L < O =f

= = = . G N <MiM M < ^^M =f , =M = cM f

C = a K< , L< ,

i k<, , = < < c=M L< , L<k<,= <= ^M< =M< L<k<.

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

104



b =L f L M, ` k ` a < < < M,

k . % f a M =a < k< =K , ` K=M iM c L < . = O j = c=L < =M

<= ` M M M = L =M cK M. " M<=M ^M k K=M. %i

= K Kg ` M M , =`= c=L K =M M iM ^=L

. " M<, f < = f M, c K= = = = = =, < = g M M = , `

iM< c = iM< ^ = f M . = f M K K . % cM=K =a M

= f M, = f M M = f = M f ^M .

J = = K`=f ^M =a < c=M K . $ <=a a <k

, ` L = < f, = f f` f =f ^M< f < c=M

K , = ` , M^ = M K` f=M L` . % f a k < L< , iM ^=K

< < L = L =K

< < c =f k iM ^=L c K=M = = =K =f K K i = = . K`=K M, = j `K =K <M=

M K< =K =M ` = =M =f ^M = ì = = .

L f = K M K=M ^M ^ L M i = = K

f . # =M Oc = = L f K f



105



=K M M:P ' = : j = = K

= = K` ` ==M< ` f;P % =M: i = =L =M c K i `M

= ;P <f= : K=M, i =a ;P H =M : =K L a = , K

K = ;P # : = c=M <k ;

P D < L : =L, , L< = ;

P K M < < : ^ =L K =M, i , = = ;P ' L = f M: i =L = M M ,

c , K , < = ;P "M =L = : i .P " L= ;P & L ^ =M , =M , a =M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

106

$/ `@Z] @ +> @ B +, > / = > > + =><+ / => / /7 + @ Z S . $></= + / </=/ =/@ >/ V7 = / > > + + Z

=> .





N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

108

= M M , ` =f< <K k .V J = , = f <, k

=a, a, a = a, <K f ^M ^ = , ` =<= a< K<. f a . J =L, `

K = =L iM <=L < K =K ` = M.

P "'7 7; / 5 # 5$ $

E M a < < < = =M<L< <. F a <K <=f = =M =

< = =M L<. # cM . %i < ^ < = f < = =M L<

J =a< < , < = =M L< < = `=L.

' L< L< M, ` = = =M< M M< L M

= < = =M L< < =K =M = K f . D= i K K= , `

<= = < M c =f = ^ <.

% =a < =K =K f =f =a L<. K K i K` = i =M k i M M M = < =f=M. * K f <M M

B a =K , a = < `gK = =L ^ =M = .M< M =M <f < ` L K ` M K=M, - ^ f= , ` f K,

K B `M K =M. "M =L = f L = B , , a< K= cM L



fiM M. = L = < , M iM^ M f =f` < ^j =a, =a ` = =a

` < f f. ^ < =^M cK< =L iM =f T cK , <k` c f `M <

f f T Bk i M f<, = #f M iM i M a JM< = . $ ^ <` = = < =K, ` fiM M

= = = < =M = = K M` < . J < = ^ , ` =K=M =M< < , < M fiM M < =^M = f , ` = = `M M

= ^ = =K . J = k ` a <M= : L c f

= ` M =K ` = M, = f = < < . J =` i=L< f K M, L = B `

, K $= ` , ^ =M L f. J =a< , c= , ` fiM M M L

* + + = @ @ + = / @V +7Z S 7 +<+ >/ U V = /X = > . J= / +< + > + +7> @ , > > +@ /7 U > @` 7/ S 7 >`7 7 . K+U V =/ = > @ ] <+@/ / . ' / = /X =>/ , / 7 <

> 7 K < // => / U >Z > < 7. B` = / @U / >Z > > >+ > :

>/] < @+ + 7 U @/ S>Z=> @ /S>Z=> + >/] < > + S>Z /7. B` @ Z< 7 / > , /U < X ,

($ <+ A NI7<+ : 134)





L , >/] = / >< U/ = >@ / @ +U

/ +> @ X = ></= +=@ / >Z +. "< =>Z ] 7+ + ] < / V = / /

+U / U @ >+.$ >/X = > @S+ /, U/ Z@,

U < @ = > + =></= `= = + S .



k < =L M =L =M K% f i c = , c f 21. M i = =

f : = K L< i =L< , < , a =f Bk i , = k< =K ` = M. J = , < f f = fc= , M<, M K .' = < = K =M L M , L c M,

<K L M < f f K ^ f f ^M<K =M< < iM^ M<. *fiM M, k L f = B L< i =M L< =K ` = M <M `

` =K=M ` =a = .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

112

& :UBk K=M K

= ^ f M ` L !V('O -A=X <: 64)



* i M M < =f M < f , = =K ` = a

= L L , L M. * < M M< < a L K =M

L< i ^ = c= , = =K ` = a< = k<.

K C# # ' #$&$ $ "$ * ;# a =f ^M< = < c= M, = - K K== =K ` = M, i = M L= = M ^ O =M c= , ` K K

= c f ^M< ` a< = a< = <. J ` L= =K M = L = = =

L N U T % K H O D N O T $ M N $ B O ( E N S T V %

+ E ' % V ' E C H N Y S O C I $ L N % P R O B L # M Y

113

L &%P K H D %OML &%P K H D %OMOB TE $%'P \ERPOB TE $%'P \ERP

'RECH $ CIOL P'RECH $ CIOL P"# BL M"# BL M



B = = = K = B `M ,= = , L = K= . E

< i <f, c L , K =M K = = = = k , L M =L K=

c= . A ` = c f < = = B , =

c= a. # = = `M = f K=M, ` L, = L = L.

A < iM , = iMc = , c =f , K < K =f, = < ^ f

< K =f . % < < = <f = . # <K- M B = j `K = #f , `

= = =f K K = =M iM ` L = M . Dk , ` = K=M iM k ' i =

= g K=M a JM< f =a ` = K`=f ^M<iM < = =L =K=M. % , =M

, = k c = <f == <f ^ =f K <f = = = ^ , K`

= i = = < < < < = <K =M < .= i =M K K=M f <M <=L

< M. ck< M<K =f = =a; K M = = K ==a< K<,

= < < = < < = K=M.

J = = iM , = - ` K <K =M L M, K K=M < K < = c=f ^ . % =M< <M =a

< K =M, <k` a = = <K =M =f =L .% , = < M =K ` = L = , L,

c= , f L , , <f <f= M L =M < K =M = , L K <

^ M. %i = = =L =

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

114



< K =M = c= = K M < = L K <, = =M K =L. ` K =K M M

= M K = ` i M." K =M = = ^ c= K

` a< <. ' c= K M = ^ =a<<, = =M O =K M B . M< k < <

K=M ` =K = L<=M =a< c =c= i M<K= =K M M<. = c M M

i K M K=M c= < K = =K < = M ^MiM ` a< = a< = <. C

M< L, ` < K = = K= U< = V K K = f ^M< L< < = = c= .k < ^ =M = a <: Ub f 21. M <f

a =a = =aV = K= = = ^M M



115

H 7 =/ @ 7 =@V7 = /7 7<+@ +U/ => = / 7 @ V= / /7 @= /X = > , >/< ><+> + @ < . K < <

> > @Z :

'U ^ @ @ S Z =@ 7 U`7 @ >/7 => U/ 7! ' @Z< =>/ , / U @S/7 < ]/ <+X /! ($ <+ + -A<+ : 81)



< M = fiM M< .C L = i = < K = ` =L<

f . * A< E f = c=a =K k c f M, L K ` . DK =L ai K M ^ L K f =a ^ <

k< K =M = ` M =M . Bf < 80. K =M L< <, =f<` L f i .

D= ^ L M` M = L = cK< =M k ` = M M < f<,

` M =M . , ` < M = = g K= , ` = < =M. =

a M ` M M c= = fiM M= K= :

%V , R Y E, * PEY (* =* > )< = < >VYE+E , <V < < <=

* < < < >V<V; B[ *Y ,<E + > < . ($ -N= : 19)

$ < = f =L, < K =M = c= , i K K

=K ` = K < K . # = , ^ = B , = a M < K = . < c

` iM K= . # iM =K M M< ^ < K =M L < ` =L B < =L:

B[ < Y = > <, * =< P<V < >[T YE*= S = += <,

> R E =< > < > = > - < V< >E *= < . ($ -N : 90)

*fiM M, a =K K iM K= f= c= K K=M < =M ` =a B <.

< = f a fiM M < <K < K =M K=M% = a < c=L iM =f iM =

M ^ =f, = = L<

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

116



c= , ` M fiM M = M < K =# M = < f M = f <a

c= , = f =L, ` = < K = K= = ^MiM L

c= . , = j < =M == fiM MiM U i K =L ^ =L,V

= =K M M< ^ :'VYE+E =R >VYE+E R = > V Y <

Y = E > = E > R E , R= E<*=, > E =R = = =P E >[T B =

J =. N <V B[ >V = <= , * Z B[+ S = S. ($ <-% * : 71)

, c= , ` K= = L= < = < K =M , ` UR

f`M =K=M a k.V (' A WI< K=: 114) $ =L = fiM M iM ^ :

K V > YE R < , R =R*V B = > S> ,* R =< P= : J <V , R

>[ J > , <YE . ? ($ F= <: 33)

%V , R >V =+ E >[ MS = EV PE + ! % = < , < B[ > =

+ <= => , < = < , R = .($ - = : 18)

Bk f < = , M` c = L ` M = k =K ` = M:

' < PE, R > < ; >Y = < > , = < > R E >VYE<

> B G( $ A I : 110)

* 943=>< EL< c4=M =K^ % > > ( 00 ) C0 L E43 ̀ 4 UEfiM2M 94 I 203 4< 9 =L< EfiM2M< ,V (A D0F 3) 0 ?>IE0 EfiM2M,0 H H EIK94<=f ?iM 03H > Ef3c4=M 3> L7>

270 0 C4 , ? 0EM24, U EfiM2M, 949 27` EM 0 94 =493> >=0 49^M,



117



C> 9 > C I =49 4?^M< 270 0 C4 4<.V (A D0F 3)

J i <L, ` K c= < K =f = i =Kc= = fiM M .

P ;"'7+ * ' # 99 C$ 5; / + $

# 5 8 7' =K O f^=K K =M ` = ===K =a< < . D = c=

K K = = = , < = ==L = . I < = < = < ,

L cM M = =K ` = a K , <K =f <fi M = = . K<f < < =

= < =` M; ^ L = i =K < i M, f = , <M c .% L K a M i M

= ==L c=L. # iM `M < =` M iM c= M = <M K=M< = =M ` f`=L. # M k<f =a fM ` M M < f K < =` M

K.' c = L M` =M = < =` M =f =L.

DM < =` M c ` M ` =M M< = < K =M< L < < K

M. L =M, a i M K M a = <=a< = M M < ` . J =`

= c f ^M< L < k K M =M < . #i f, ^ M M ^ K

K = < =` M cM M M = a =M , =M = a .

D ^M f`= < =` M c K K=M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

118





K O = = K=M = = =f <. % =M = = =M< k < = =f.

# K , ` < =` = = = M,` c = = = f K =f

iM . * a iM < =` M =cM. f =K = ` M = k K= .

J fiM M M`M = < =` M = ^=L = fiM M . J f <, ` < c K K

c f fc=a ` , fiM M <K O< a =a = f .C K K iM =L f

i M` =M B . J =a< , , =M` `M = f ,< M `M K= . , ` =K< , ` ^ =

, L c f <K < f f, M<=M. = i M K= =L< M

K i K M f < < =` L ` ` = L < = . * iM f, ` =

= M < , a < = M i < == K= L< i ^ =, = j

= f =L, ` fiM M = = a . %^ = iMc = a^ =L, L < M M M

B M L < =` M = =L< K f.A = K =L < = =

= < < =` < < =` . % f M ck< ^M< c =k< = L k ` a

i M, =K ` = L = i ` M, K = f<k< K . # L L k < =M,

i , L = f`=L ` L<K = , M. # <M K =

. _K =L ==L = K M. ` a = , K KiM = = =a <

==L ` . Df ` M c L ` =K=M

M M = < =L =M. % =f c M M, ` f <

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

120



B < fi = = . U& = V = < =K , K ,k f . J =` < <f = k = , `

L L ==L i M ` = iM<= = =K ` = a< = K< L`

= c= K B .

P +9 *7 <" 7$ 5$ $8+$ 7 / +$

%i = < K =M = M = c f < , ` = fiM M = <M = K O . ' c= i =K a< < f ,

M c = L, j < M = iM, = c =L = L<f , = i M< = L i . f

= M = M M ` <f a , ` =f < . ` a < M K< = . K O ,

< M f j M, = =M c= =K, , K < ^ = K= <. H =M iMc = , `

= K M ^ = L = = K < =L Oc .# L = = , ` M M.

<f = M, ` < M O ^L , = ^ f=. ' = < M c , =

iM f <k` = . % =f M M ` = = K=M

< =` i , , ` i = ` . c = =M, ` O =K a iM

< =K =M< K < <.* ` =M< < = =L< = < K

^ = = f < a M. %i =f` a M fiM M , a M K=M B `M K =`

` f #f . A K= L O f = i

a = i f K . % <M M , K



121



' / = /X =>/ + / @ / V U/ =>@ = @ @< > 7 < , U/ /7+ @VX > + = 7 @S/ </ > = > + /= <+@/ => @/ 7 @ +=> >< @

7`. %+> 7 < + 7 `@ @ D+< @Z >/ < /@ / + ]/ @/ => V > 7` 7 / 7 . Q +> =>, = , <

< / /@ >/ Z /= + . Z >/] =/ => @+ @ >Z @ +=/ + 7Z =/ @ / / , / > < > . J + < =><

=/ > ] S = = + , + @+ + >+ =/ @ +=> < 7/ .



B J , cM <, < .

* i M K < < K , a L < M c= = fiM M . # =M

< < = c= i = a< < . "k` a c= , i K K K ? $ ^ <`

= . $ = < M M `K = K B , , i f M ^ L i = , i =f = <k`

< = J ` =M . J =a< i ^ =M< c= , L ` M = k =K ` = M.

H 8 / ; ' 8 # * ; J = f M, K ` L M = M < =a

c= , = =K ` = L =K K= , c= , ` M K M

f ^ = k < ̀ . # ` M = k K< , M c = L = M, <M=f= f M, = = f M =

k f B . % <K =f M O = M, c M =M.

` f = , <f , ` =f M, M M = = M = = ` M, <` f

M , a< k <, U= O .VA ^ M< = f M = =L = ` ` M f =M<.

bM< M M, K M f <M, K< = , K =f=M. K` M =M c= = M = =f

L = . L = M, ` =f , K L< = K=M K`=f, i cM K= , `

= a.K f <M k M, ^ < ^ =a< Oc = ,

L = , =a< k < = , a

=K^M c= . # =M iM = L, `



123



$ /X/ = / + < , ++ +< + = = /@ >/ V7

= / =/ +7Z=> @+> =/@ 7 7 + B +. , = /@Z 7 ] Z @Z @+ B /7 + > U =@

@Z => @`X Z7 , / +=+U/>Z7 > / .



c f M ^ , <K = = = M, K ` , ` . #

=K M M ^:' , < YE >VYE< ! 'E , , *V< E > E [ PE = >V = >V+ = E < > .' <YE < < - R , R *= < * R . $ <+ + > E< < +E >E =

Y < <>E > < > < > > S> E B <* . Y < < <E < ? ($ -M :

90-91)

% =f ` =K ` = M , fiM M =f< = i ` M. ' B M

c L a K=M. a = M, K `=L = k =L < , = <

= M. =K ` = M = K< = =<=M < , ^ i ` . # = K K

< K = = =M K< = , = j = =a

=K ` = M = `= = = . L = M = =K ` = M, =

O K M i =f = a< , ` <f=M c <, = < c=M . & < = L a

M ` = = f . H =M =L^ =L c = < a = =f a <M = i =L,

M< K M a< = ,

` M , < a K c a <M . D = =, = = M M =a =M =M, ` = = U i c=LV <M .

% =f i M<K= L < K =M, < <f iM =f a ^ = M. J = ^=f

c= = <M= , = K= =M< < L . J

= f =L, =f , = =M f <



125





< fi . H M i ^ =M < = M ^ K M L f <M. ' M< = < ` a = ^ M

K , L i M L = c =M =M<< . " < = < M M fc=a ` <

i K M , ` < =cM < = = , M < ` = M , M M f^ =M

` ` , L f = M , =f <f=M = c=M <k . # = c M < L< , L<

f` M`M ` ==M< ` f i K f M a ^ =M =M.

=K =K ic =M , ^ M, c= ^ =f=M< <

f f =K K=M a =M iK=M ` T = f <f L K=M = <M K=M M =M B .

Bk f= c f < , k f <M M <` =a ̀ < f f < iM^ M<,

M < J f^ . J = c K =M f ,< = fc= . % , = , M k ,

i M` B , < M c= L = f= M K=M fc=L ` &K =M =L

=L ` < f f.B M B , fc=L< * =M = , <f

^ < M<, = f ^M , L <k` = < . % fiM M = =f ^M = =f ^M L = f f. " M = k = = =M

f <M. * = K=M , = K M =a< ac K=M L a ^M . ,

f K =a< =a< =K M B iM<=K = =K ` = M JM< =L .



127



N$ $5 $ $ C9# 9 / "$

A Y * R= < <>=, * Z < > < P < + < . ($ -I : 32)

'< , = k K =a K= ,

a c =, a =M`M < f f = fc= ,< =f = .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y



'< = =K^M <= ` M c= = , a ^ M. % fiM M ,

` K K= B <, c=a< k <, < a = =K f . J = <K = <f , `

Bk < =` M, L <=M <

=K ` = M.# M a f < a = <=L ^ ,



K U 7 < + = 7]/@+U / >+ @ <7 / =@Z>+ + < .

#+ Z /U @ < / +> S>Z=> @/ = + /> ZS > B + + < / @ @+>

7 < + =>.





k M c= ^M< < g M M< MfiM M . *fiM M M = , , iM

K K=M a < =M, Oc =M ,K iM =f <M = = B < K= .

D= k <= M L i ^ c ,f <M, O M = ` M M< ` =M< .

% = c <= = i = = ^ f M M` ` k. L a<

L<k<. A ^ ` K=M B `M i K K=M, i = g M ^ = , =L, K =

=L L , = = f <M M K <= K O . L M

K K=M a = a c= M.* = c= M <K

= = , ` <fi = Kc= , = = . b = L c= =L

M K M O O <, iM M. B < =L <=M , ` L M

a =f =M . b = a =M K < , j = L = K L M,

K . * a iM L =fM ^ =M O ^j K=M, ` U= c K M `K =a

< K =M V a M . J =` a , ` < = = `

` K=M B `M < =M, ` = =M = K K =L i =L< . * K= =K Bk = < , ` a

< < < =` L = =a. % =< =L = L =M < .

% = K M = = , f < , ` = =K, f ^ = f , ^ f M

iM M M a M =L

f <M a = . D = ` M M, , `



131



i K M f <M, =a< =K = <. J = O < , i =K^M c= ,

K K=M <M c f M< Oc <. J ^c f <M , c=

= c =M. " M L f <M i K= , = M = f K K f`= . A ^ Bk

K c f i M, L< < = M cM, f = k f K M < ` =K=M< .

Bf < f L <= M i = g

f K = ` M M < =M` . L = = K= = =ak , f =M . ' =M< ` =M<

f K K=M M =f , <= M L =M L=a ` . * K= Bk i M<

= cM<:

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

132

' K < = B`<7 /, U/

+ V <7 7 7+ U/ =@ >+ /

/ @ / V. % , / = + ] + B + =

= / @ = >U U @ >.



$ < > > R= + = * = Y = >* < , >P B[ > *= =P<V E $>

> < B[ > S, >P >V =+E. ($ -B : 268)

A ^ =f i M B K= <K O< M c M fiM M<, < Bk =

a` = ^M , = M = < <= iM ` M f K a< ' L < . *f , B `M k , c =L< iM<=L< fiM M< ` =K= <= a < < f f < iM^ M<. * f ^ ^ <k`

Bk c f = < =L . * L< iM f <f=f= f ^M iM =M cM B , ` -

M<=M f .# < g , ` <k` L

< f f. J < `=L, ` K K iM` =L K= < ` =M =L, = K M f ^ =

L ` M = =a< < = =LK =M . c ` K= = ,

= M B iM<= M M, =Lk , B `M k , = = %i M< < K=M. A ^

c f <f L K` c= , ` K=M, =f<` K, ` Bk i < , = =M = iM<=a , `

M`M < . Bk c = K= a < = :A V B = <YE =<E E <V+ , R

= V < < E+ V * < > < *V. %V B[ >V = = <E

B[ >P >V =+E, = S.

'P =P<V E *= <V , R =P<V E P < <E, < > > + >E , R < V <

+ < >E, > E: J E ! A *= < < , R Y = >VYE+E <

Y > < < * < S. ($ -N : 17-18)



133



N *# $57#G+959 C 5 7 ; 8' "$ 89*

* i M cK < <,

L K =M = K< =K ` = M = < M

< fc=a ` i M iM ^ <= k `

< f = ` M `K =L < g K=M a

` . L < f , = L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

"< => > /, =>+ @/ V = => 7,

>/<V ] / 7 U/ +/ 7 =@ Z>Z, 7Ù/ V>

/ 7 @ + / U > 7 /U/ = V >.

134





J * $ / +$ % $ *#7C+ # + * +9 * 9+"$?

E = =K ` = a = = K

j = B . K = <M =f =M <K

a = ^ = . A M B

fiM M f^M M = ^=f ^M f, K <=L K

O f. $ =f < = M, =

c= . * B `M< iM , L = K <

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

136

K<+ / , ]/@+U `= , + @ Z +>

/ / @ /@Z]= /X =>/ , /

<7 +7 < => , >/< B` + + / @

K < . B` +] /: / >/

@ /7 Z 7+ /> = @@ V7 `= /7!

/ @/ >/ +<= `7, + =>/ >+

] S Z ] <+@ X => 7+ /> , = /

= > @Z 7 ! .($ <+ + -B+ +<+: 188)



K M M K=M =K=M a k.

# , ` M f B , L =f a M

=M < K =M = a k. a<k < ` K < , L iM = ^ K= ,

L = . *i =K ` = M

= M ` a< ` =M< <. D ,

< ^ = =K ` = M< k =M M =K K=

` M =M iM<=a< k <.

& = <K Mc = i i ` M L c= . L ` M = k

=K ` = M L< < , < c = =

= c=f = M L K O . %i

= = = K L K M k a = <.

= f =L = . = c =M =

i = c= K . * c= ,a< =K ` = M = = K L K M =a<

= a< M =M K . * ,

i K= < K =M = , L,

iM = M B , = = f M. * f,

c = L M = =M< K < <,

= = =L, , = =K ` = a= , = K i = = L =M = L

=L , j K L = =M.

b f <f L K` , ` =

f =f c f i = M ` f <,

` = =f i i . # =M k i L, `

M L M L c == . A ^ ,



137



` =K ` = a = , K

= k ` f ^M. J - ` K= , K ` K

= . % K < K ì =f ^M = ` =M K < .

* c= , i ` =K ` = L <f=M,

= M M K O K . # <M = `

K =L = < M . # = M

K , = < K . #

` M , ^j M c= K , M M. b = L c= =f k fi M K ,

M i = . ' = K K=M,

< , K` < M M =cM. ,

= a K ^M f , L . ` a c= <M

M = B i < = J = c =L;

=K =f = k = = , k c < . *i =K^ =M i ^ =M = L< ` a M M k`

L , a< < = M i

^ < L< k< = M. ` a L< = =f

i ^ = = ^M< < `=a< k <.

a iM = a <M= K = M K

K K k =f=f = =a<. <f K K c=a< M M< <M <. A < = <f =K c =

f =f = L <

# K c = K= . L K M =

= i =L< K .

* = iM <= K< L < K K K

= iM < = , i K M,

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

138



, > < > P < > S * <E,

>R Z < =RE> ER > < < N = =< T E> P > < M >

=TE < , + <+ !

($ J= = : 23)



<f = L c M <f = = . ' K =M =

= K ^ < < c= , K = <

i K M k = i j K=M Ka a< . * =M< ` f L = `M

L = L . # iK , =

K M c = c= k < ` . %iMc =

, ` = M = K K B . L, iM = < M

B M M =M K K=M = = K

a L<k< =K M T = ` . # M j K=M f <M ` M i =f

k = M . # =,

i f c =, ` < c fc=L< ,

= = a k. " K K= c =M

^ = L = L = < `=a< . *^ =

K K , ^ = ^M< k <. # K M `K =a< c=M< < k< =M = f`M

= iM , a< a .

% =a =a < M = ` L< ` =M<

i =K^M f c= . *f a

a < , = = = L =

= L k < a ` ^ . M K k M i =a

fcM = < , ` K <

= . J < = < =

, M M ^M = < ^ =M = <

^ i k K f ` K=M. *f <M =L

` M = = < =L. _M a < K =M

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

140



A K<, ` = = B `M ^ f=L < `k,

` = f M, iM iM M: Y% = d =K <f , `

L = M! =K< K= =L ^ =K< < =M

= =L !?V('O =-# X: 75)



= k i =K^M < ; < M O f

= L< =M< ` f. <f f M k<

. * ^ M c=a .* <f=M L <M a< . L, `

= K= = = ` = O` =

==M< ^ < K =M<, f k

M, ` ` M = k =K ` = M. #K =f

L M <f=M M k = K = =

g. b f , ` f <, ` Bk =f ' L i M < fc=a &K , =a K , <f=M

= = c=L iM =f, <M , K

= <f=M. H L ^

^M< f^ =M =L

` =M f ^M <f=M. # M K O , L M

< L M a^M f == iM <== < < <. * i M, L =

=K ` = a< = k< iM k< K= M M

^ = f M.

# <L=f L, iM = ` M < K =K ` = M,

= M< M =M a ^M. # = M M i

i < L kc < L< M, = j

` M , L = L

i c = = = < . J =M< M <

` f L L M

Mi M = = k. * =M K` ^ = ^ M

^ , = M. M L = < f

i f <f=M. # M = f =L, ` =

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

142



H + , + , + / + = + / 7 =@Z>Z 7 =@ / `@ Z , >/< @+U / @S/ + >+> + + <7/@ >/ . % > `@ Z @ / @ <+U V U/ +

/U <+=/ / / /7] > + +> 7 = . 'S/ > > @Z =/ Z , < > U/ > > `@ Z /

+>] U @ > . J/ U/ = / +>] U @ > + / +>] U / > K < , @S/ > > < 7 7

7 =< / =>@ + = <+@/ => =/ < S ] =@Z>/7.



c=L f^ =M <f=M = <f

= . * < , i = = f^M = g <f=M

= = =f K M <f < . % =M K M K =M< M M

. ' ` K=M c=L <f=M.

K f <, L iM<=f = = K<

=K ` = M =a K= , iM <=a ` <f=M

&K . ' K =M < = =M` L ` = `

= k f f k ` ,= c= =a =, K K K .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

144



* k f L L = < a K=M M, iM ` M K =

=K ` = a< = K< < K =M c= i =L a< < .

A= < k ` , =` =a L<k

k, = L = = = K i ^ =M L =M ^ =M k =L f< L< . L <

` = =L ` fiM M . = c= iM M ` k< fiM M , = =

<= <M L = , f =K , `K= i ^ =M = ^ = L<k. *K= i =K^M = <f ^M = K i ^ =M = a

L<, = L = M < L< f.

+ E ' E N % S P O ) % V $ V

H O D N O T $ C H K O R $ N U

145

\ERE P $" WP'O\ERE P $" WP'O' H D %OCH' H D %OCH

K #O &K #O &



%i ` K=M < K K= =K^M a ` k^ f M =c = = , = ,= = , , = L , = , ,

=K M. hM M = < L, =M K =M =cM < c = = , iM =a< ^ ^M

c= M. K= = M M = K =f ^M, =M=K =M i ^ =M.

# M K= c f K =M< < K =Mi , < M =L

a = M. ' c= , M` c = L L = i =L < K =M K K=M c f K =

K =M K =M , =M` K= kf k.

, ` K= i =K^M i ^ =M = ` a L< = = =M` :G A E < YE*V > P S, S* R <> E < , +

R Y + , * > >V< E >P , >> E <>E >VYE+E. ($ J= = : 111)B =M K< a = = < L =

K = ` =K i ^ =M ==M K =M L< . *f f = =f=

= c =a< L< , L = L =M K M i ^ =M = . D c f = L

=K ` = M, = = =f c M`M< L<k<,

= < ` = = <f . , c K K < f f `=L . A ^ =M, L c K =fc= , =f ^M = = c=L.

= J =a, =K c f = L , ' i . *` L f Bk c f ^ < f =M

f < M =K ` = M . * K= =K Bk= < , ` c f K = = ^M k ` ,

<M= , ` ` J :

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

146



K > * R =< , Z =R T R , >VYE+E, < > YE E R > <= Y = >V =

V E V = < PE , + =T .($ -N : 97)% ^ =M K =M< K < , f a<

f < =M< ` < , c f K = =M K B K< c =a< =K k<.

, ` i M` =M K= = < =K a = K =M=M, L Bk . A= =M ^ = =

= < f=K < i M = M = <k`

c f , iK L< , a< f =f < f f c . , , ,

< K=M = = ` <. % M L K `M k c =a ` <=f=M, `

= iM = L = , L c= < = M , = = =a< ` =M< c= < .

h ^ =M ^ =L: K B , ' i ^

M L ^ f M = M< =K ` = M, L =K Bk . Bk =K = < ,` K < f f K =K ` = M

=K< =L K ' a< iM<=a< ` =M k<, `= M M , ` H ^= .

B[ Y E* <V > , R =>VY * R =<, R + =T E <= + , < R

=T <= + < , R * Y . A Y E* , R= > E V * R <>E + , < = E* <, R E * > + < < =.&+<E> < M Y =R= < M V +! A < ,

P<V < < *= = >VYE+E, = >V = * E+ !($ -N : 55)

+ E ' E N % S P O ) % V $ V

H O D N O T $ C H K O R $ N U

147



D = < , = , = K<f < iM i =M, c=

=K = a, = f a = < . , ` M, ` ` = =K = ` L < ,

K = f a< k < =L U=K V <M ` a f M. f , ` Bk i <M

` L f =f<.% = = K f=K

Oc < ` = ` ` = c f =

i K=M f a k,

i L = `M ^M i =a f . J =` =

= <k` a . F , ` = f ^M< < <

f , K=^M< ^M< f a< f

= a 20-30 .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

148

K LA"$K LA"$DA# I I$M&DA# I I$M&

Cha le! Da "in



*a < =a 80. = L =f K , `=M = < = <K `K =a , ` fK^ =K <= ` M< f k. = L =f ' =a

K <= f k k =a M , < = = = = = <

O i =M, k ` ." < < =M c=M

k i =M f L < =f <= = ^ M , K < c < .

k = = i <f , f = .

VG#$"* * + / #Ac M= K ` L h ,

< = 19. M. # k ` f ^M = M, L = = f c =f=

C < D = < %k k, =L<

1859. * L = i , ` Bk i = L =< K^j, ` , ` ^ = < M = i =f = =a< <f= < k f .

D = = ` = = `K =L< = L =M<f L< ^ f=M. J = i = , a

U i V. # M , D = fi L L = U% M` V, = K <= L L

K O L A P S D A R W I N I S M U

149

K + C +< /= /D+< + "`@

< ` @+@ < / 18 59 .



K .D = ` = f = a f a k,

= ` c K , ` i ^M f` . A ^ c K K=M<, f K ^ f=M = ^Mi <f f

L<k. % K` = < KiM Ki f f <k` a= = i < K =M< L< :

1) = f , = ` = < .2) _K =K f K ^ f=M = K , ` U c=M

< = < V = ` =a M <K =f c=M < .3) F =M =K M i =a ,

= = c .* L <K< ^ = i ^ =L< = M:

P 5 ; $/ $* $+ * *:P 5 # C 5

i K K, ` ^ = ` L = =L ` L g , K = < i 3.8

< < . J = g <k` = < =` a ` a k , =f K ,

` = K= =M =K , K , = L = <M f f . A ^ =

< M< , =M g ? J ` M K i =M a

= i =L K , M, ` =M g ==K K =k iM , L K= ,=K = iK K=M. % L < = ` K

< ` g a L =K .L =M ^ = c =L = M

= = = =a< .

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

150





B$85 +$# '7 20. +$ ; % =M< = , a L<

k ` 20. M a a A = $ =. ' k =a< < = a< 30. = ` K , ` ` K g <k` = ==K . ^ = K=M $ = < c = =K M M =K=M:

# = ^ f M ^ L< k g= K =f ^M< < L = <k.

E = c M iM ` = $ = ^K f i ^ =M L< . # =K<f ^M

< = = < a< < < ' =" < 1953. < = K=M< =k, = `

i K , ` =M < L < Li < = K =M< = =M K K=M< = <f ,

" = =f = a < ( < =

=) iM <=a i M =. % K = , = ` = , ` = , a i K= a = <=a <L=f ,

= =a, ` < L ` K i = ^=K c=a

<M= = < .% L< "

i = , ` < L ai =M , L `

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

152

$ = , >/< < @/ L ="+=> / < @ @< > >@< / , U/ /U @

7 >+ 7Ù/ = >@ ] > U @ >, >/<>@ ] + /@ X >/ < /.



= a.*^ = = = k 20. M f =M

k ` . G < J B , I=' = D ' = c K=

i =f=L< c E ( <f) 1998:D= ^ M< 20. M K c M< = f ^M<

= i ^ =L< L< , =f ` < 20. M i : ` = < ?

S+ C 9 5 C 5% <K =M iMc = , c c=M =c L=L L c =f k ` , ` =

` L = < ` =L = = ^^M, < M = fi =f ` . B g ` L = <

` f ^M, = ` ^ = = ^ = L a . D== f = L =a iM = =M

< `=L i ` g =M< = a< K M.% <M= ` =L = ` L g iM ^<=L <= ` M<, = ` < a f = =K .

% f = M =, =M = g ,

= =a =K 1 10 = 950 k<f =


153

$ + + A / + /<+ +< ++ > /@ X @ = @Z> / < `@ U @ >+ = X +

< @ = V7 += /7.





B[ E * R <> V

NV , R > , < > ! G J = RE >P + * E+ ! G > P S

=< S!($ -B : 255)



= = = =K < a< i .# =f, = < `=L, ` =

i =a iMc =, < < M a K= , ` ` U i =V = i =a< k <. =

=f = c=M , M<` =M< < <iM i =M.

I & 9 ; $5 + ; $"'D a< a = <=a< <, a = D =

, , ` = = ` =L M U c=< = < V, ^ f= , = < M c=`K = c=M < .

D = ` k c=M i =< = < U iM =M a f V. Dk ` , = = < = < = =M =K = :%k k i iM =M a f R

%iM =M a f = < =K, ` ` L = < , L =f ^M L k =L iM =M< <M= K<

i =L i M i ` M K ` . # iM K =k, = L OcM ^ < , i ` M =

% =M K K =a a = k. A ^ = =f = k M, =

= = < =L ` c ^=L , iM=f. % < = < iM =M a f = <K `K =

c=M < . D = L f <, L = %k k, ` U%iM =M a f =

= <k` , = k = M =K =L f^=L= K =M M .V

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

156



L "* 5 5+ 5` , U f^=L V M? D =

= ` f f K < =MK K=M f L . % = L

C < (1744-1829), a ` iD = <, ` M L i K M , L M

k f ` iM^ M = . = <, ` ,< =L = = = , k M, ` = M

= L . # iM , ` ` = = .

J K = = = a < , =f = = = = .

D = L K M =L iM . * = %kk iM M, ` =f iM < f M M

f =f = < = .A ^ K = f c= , L G " =

(1822-84) fi = = , K

20. M = = < = M =a i K =a < k<. iM =M a f i ^ a

c=M < = < .

N$ # "$ Oc < = L i ^ =M = L = U< =M

= V = =f =K< ,= = < , = = 30. . # = < < , ` ^ =M< < =L = ` a

k =f ^M< k< = c=M , U k a =a < MV = M i =L

< .D= ^=M< < < f f = = < .

M, ` < = ` a k < =M <= ` M<


157





c= = a O , a ^ ` L , = K K < =a< . (# =K<f ^M< < <

a M = .) $ ^ <` =M

< = < = <k` a U c=M< < = < <V.%i =a a f = = U= <k` = K< fV,

i = D =. = , ` iM f `K =ac=M < = < = . A =c=M < = < , < = < =K =M =a = < = K .


159

J/ 7 + >` + >/ < /@ / / / @Z] >/ Z = U=>+@ + U @ >+. M / + D A @ ]/ [ U @ > => / >

] + /7. D A / < /7 +>+ + >@ ]/ ]+ / 7 <` V7 / @ <` V =/ @/ . %+> +>+ + + =+ / @S/ V < =` U @V > => . K + = D

+ = +, / = X>/ , U/ > @ => @ / / 900= @+ . /= < Z >+> / X/ <7+ / / > @ Z @ @<

/ > .



F + ; 9+$87: 9# 8 9 *7/ $"' # "' % $# =f ^M< k <, ` L=Ki = ` =a M

= = K , M =M =K .% L ^ = ` L =

i k . DiM M M c < <f= =

=f =L = ^ = = ^=M . = < = . = iM , c =L

i =L < `M f < a= < c=M . # iM < = < `M

k / k < M M M = c=f M<. # < / K < M M

= c=f M<. J ` i =L

K <, < a = =M, =M,

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

160

* />@ ]/ Z> , >/< = / +< X/< = 7 /S>Z=> . < / + / , U/ 7 >+ /, U /@ = > >@<

@ @ / U @ @Z , 7+ @/ = >/X => +>+=>< = > = > .



< c =M L. E = L = a M < =K =M i =M U i =a< < < V.

K Mi ` , < < = = < k =a M <= ` M. C

a = <f ^M, f =a i =M <f a` = =M =K . * %k k D =f :

%> 3 94 <K C4> 4 ? 0E3 EK, <=>` CEM ?i427>3=a27 E0 0=C, ?>94=a27 2> =49 M`4 3 7H C49=L ? =H < 4 > 4G C>E0C ?> ?> R #K 43=f, 3k 0I 949 27 ?i4327>IM 4G C4=24 I4 =0 LIC ?> I4 <4I I 0<4=f a< I HC H.

D 57 #G $ 8# "$ 7A ^ c = L = ` =L =

= =M < =f = L< f f = 19. M

= , `K =L i =L < = = . *^ =< =f = c K K=M = k M, `` = < =K =f i =. J = =a

a = D *. A , i ^ M = ,161

%/ < / /@ / = , U/ U @ < =/ => Z @ @ / / F = +7 @S+ / > Z @ @<+ > > >@< / . + ] +

+7 < + ]/ Z + V7 55 0 7 /> = / + / /@ /= > +S V < `. % > U @ > = > + / + < 7+ @ / 7

=>+@ . %/ > + > 7V @/ @Z / >/<+> ]/ + K+7 < = /]/>/ V7 ` + /7 =>@ ]/ .



i ` = :*H? aEK I C>7>, `4 ? >I > <K<4- 5> =M IKI=0< 34C0 =f, 0j =0 O >E= iK3k =4 > 3 7k, =027KIM<4 T I0 0I=>E0 T = > ?> C ?=> 4E> 2 , 0 4 =K7 > 4G? >I 943=L

? =H =0 Oc4C 3 7L.

= < =K, ` =M< K = < ^ = ` L = K ^ i M =f < =L, a

i =a < < = < . a< <D = a i k. L =a k , `

` L f i = . J =a< f =M< =K L ==f = L c=M i , `

i =. c= =K K < a c=M D F < :

'CE>i4=M 0 4E> 24, CM< 9 > EHc4 ?K=H E^427=H <>`=L ?kE>3H ` Ea27 3 7k. $ 60= <H 4 d > 94E H =0 I4< ? =f EHE = CL c = > . %> 3 =4, < 4 H 4 EHE => C I

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

162

F = +7 /@ / ]/ U

< /@ X >/ < . F =

+7 + /, U/ U @ < + = 7=/ /@ @+

/ + Z<7 @+ //@ X

]/ ` 7/= / . %/ > + > / ` + /7, U/

< @ >@ ]/

Z / Z.



GA# O%

M#A'E EC

T#AL K

'OTKA 150 MILI _ LE% $%A#O*KAME YLI A 'OTK

100 MILI _ LE% $%A#O*KAME YLI A M#A'E CE

400 MILI _ LE% $%A#O*KAME YLI A T#AL KA

TI' &CP *KAME YLI

195 MILI _ LE% $%A#O*KAME YLI A GA# O%A



3iME4 4G C 9M2M27 3 7k =f90 a< ? >24 4< <>3 5 024.%> 3 4 > 94E H =0943=> E ? =f EHE = CL< CK3 , ?0 < 4 H aC EHCE>i4=H =f90 > E^4<>2=> =C4 64=2M.(181)

F M, ` = < =f= L = L< = = . = < =K, `

U k kV = M D = a i k = M , i =M.

P '9#* + # * $5 + "

%i <f < = M M =a< K k c f . D = L M, ` < =M c f = =L< i =M. Bf <O =L c=M , =` O =f c i 4-5< = , <f L i =L < << =M< c f < i k . %

< =K =M L=Ki i = K =M :1. A2. H < 3. H < 4. H < =E = L = a M =M i k

A , ` = < =K U a V. = = cM< M , = ` K =a< , a

f = . & K a a < k =a kA f< =a< f a< = < A= 'A, < = f < ' < = <

< C < $ = <, , ` L i c =a< k< k, L f

= k = M <.

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

164



E = L M =M K U < V, `= < =K Uc f V. % =M L < L

L = M = ` A . E = L= =M L< =` K=M< k =a M =K ` L iK . L< < =K =M, `= = K K= , ` M c=M <

f< c=a< iM < .E = " , = = a = <f ^M = k

20. M M L = J = K K , Ù = L =M L K = k k =H < = , L<=f M`=L < O

= c=L g M M f =M.V# c = M H < >

H < > H < = , = L = = c M, `


165

/ =>+<S @ <=> @+ + /7 , @ U

+ / / +7/ ZU @V >@ <` / >++7 < = , / U => ] = /

+ / + 5 00 -5 507 ` />. T @ >@ < @

+ / / @ / @<=>@ Z > > = /

/@ / + @/= 7 +7

/7+ U]/ ` /. %< > /

/ 7 >@ <`, >/] = //@ @ +7 < .



` a =K M M < < i M . A ^= K =K ^ f=M = k , À , H < , H < `

k =a cK f c =f.# M c L < = L L H <

` ` = K =a < =M . H < == = =

(= = K ) H <= =

(< =M c f ) ` =L .

=f= cM = =

=M< ` = K < i <

< <. ' = J

G f = < a c=M , c

K< M< K < 20. M:

C = ^M<` iMc <, ` <K< i

M M < = k (A.= , =M

= , H. ),`K =a =f = L ?

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y



# M `K =a f iM = L c=M =f < L = < .

' c=f i c = , L=Ki L , a K= k =a< < , cM < ` ,M M <L M c = M , ` , iM<=f,

i < = , K f L K .

' < =, = = =f ^M


167

// => = `=>+> , >/< < @ + < /@ . + + , = +7 + / , U/ / => / / +>/

+< <+ 7/ + 7 . W/ /7 > > <+@ Z, /@ =>

= @ + Z / + <X > </= + 7 / . Z 7 = ^ 7+= + => + + Z + 7+ < X , = >@ ]/.





M< . ' f =L i K M M c L M c=f = c=M M = . i =

a =K k g < M = =L < , a = < f=M. L

=K L k =M<K= . 'M< = a< f =M< ` < .

" K= f . = < =K, ` = i = K < . = f=M = = K = f <k` a = <=f ^M< <M < L i .

%i f =a, =a f L <= f.$ i =a < a ^ =a, ` =

= 20. M = = K = .% L =f = = , ` c , < ` `M <

=f L =f < . "k` =ff = a ? A= = < =f ^M

=M =K = ^M< a < = f f

= = a . 3D, =a,= a . % M = ` 100 M =` =a k

= ` K = L . $ L K =M = , <= a < = , <= K=k

=K k i = . = M = =M = = , `M . M , ` ^ =M

a M . # M =M 2D , ` ^ c < M <f =

. % <= M =` =a k= ` i <f = M M

^ =M . A= , ` <f =a =M L<,= a < M M K =M< a < ; = M

<f <f = . % M < =L i M

K M . # = < `=L i = . J < i , K M


169



K f .E = L M, ` < = < M M =a ^ =a = =K . d, K<

=f i , ` ^ < a < =K ,` ^ = < =K i =

iM , KiM , < ? J << K = K` M M? % iM

M M <= < < =f ^M = ` = <k`= = =K , < =L, ` = , =

, L = < = = =K .' =K = K K <. *=f ^M M K

< i =M , i =M i K KL K=M< = i=M i K

< i ` =M< a =K k. ' =f , ^ =M = = ^ =M <

" K= =f, K=

f . J = a = , < = L .# <L=f = i ^M =M<K= < . *

^ < L< < = K < = M< ^M i =f=L <M . A ^ < <fi =

< , < = L . iM f K=M M =

= ` = i =M K=M f =L=K . *a < L i K c , -

L< L< K=M . # ^M = M k< =` =a k, iM = < , =

M K= < M M = = =M< =a <. % < = = ^^M - L<

=L = f ^M c= M =M< k< .

D = - = < =K K< f< iM cK = ; ` M - L<, ` L

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

170



N&kdo, kdo vy hlí #í z o kna vlastn&vidí obraz krajiny, kter$ se

tvo (í v jeho mozku, namís tosamotného vn&j"ího sv&ta.

LIGHT

ELECTRICAL

SIGNAL

Sv&tlo dosahující o%í je t rans fo rmo v áno do

elektrick$ch si gnál)o pti ck$mi bu'kami ap(edáno dozrakov ého centravzadu v mozku.

V&domí! v na"ichmozcích vidí tyto

elektrické s ig nály jakokrajinu.

AN IMAGE OF A

LANDSCAPE FORMED

BY ELECTRICAL

SIGNALS

171



^M c a , = ` c= . A ^ =L = M L f L<=f c L

L. L = = =M<K K =ac =M< = < f K - ; = i =a =a. < i =M

c f .M< = i = =M< M = = K M K

a a O f^=a K=M . A ^ ac ^ =M f=M, a K

M< <= < K =f ^M .

K 5G# ;,* $ +7 ; 5 #; / ;?

k =a f < , = K < = M< K=M Kc k c K k`M<?

% =f i K M M cM, ^M = M < < L = L < . * = K

, < = = <== M <, KiM < . A ^

= = K M< = =f ^M< <: =M<K < L = L <

, k=f < L < < ? f <M, L ^ = =M<K , ` i , = . < f <M iM? J f = =K `M = k<, L

f = =k< iM M< < . k < = c M< L, =` fiM, ` ^ = i = < ,= < f f K .

J ` f <M i =a B <, L

= i = , f , = , ^

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

172




173

. A= = i < , ` .` a, c =M f K <f

` *^ < M< B , K J #fO c ^ f, = j $= <Kc = a <M c = c =L

=f a = < <f =L,=L, ==L Ki L f.

V; $ +

I= < , ` < i ` , K , `c=M = =M < =M f a< ^ f=M< .

=M =f k ` =L f , c=M < = < , a = M M = <K `K =

c=M < < =f = < = M, ` ` =Li =L < = = . = , `

c=M <f a = = = f K < ^ = . <= =K k < <M <M i i =



= f k f . J =` c=M K `M = f f . #f iM L = = `M = M

UO = f V. % c?%iMc = , ` = =< M c a k. f

=L < L i M< M =` =L < L f =M, L <k

a i ` = =f=M = K=M iM .

C M< L, ` c c i =K M Lc= . D i =K<a = a =

& C. = = H L = i =K K, ` = =M< = k ` f ^M< <M f <

f <:#4934 > C>, `4 Ef3=M <4C>3H 0 = C C 24 =K =f90 = CM

?i 9M<0C <0C4 K =M EH EfC 4=M 54=><4=K =M7> EfC0, 0 4

=0>?0 , <H 9 <4 = 24= =0^M ?kE>3=M >330=> CM <0C4 K =M< ?iMc =K< EHCEKi4C ?iM C >94 4 I > <K=M 0

03 >=24?Ck, C4 K ? >3 9M <0C4 K =M EH EfC 4=M 4I

>7 43 =0 C> 90 =4 =C C E=M, 90 <0C> 2M =4I0 Ef24=a<.

#0EM2, <0C4 0 < 94 0 > C=M, C0 `4 =4<k`4<4

3>E> C, 0 H 4 3> 3E4iM 3> C0 0 B>`M =>70.

=f =K K^ =M, ` = < < ` =L = ` k iM = < < . < M, ` = = < =a

k. % < = , ` = ` K, = f <K <i ` . K = <, ` < = c=a ` ak (= i., K , , ` , i , < , < , f = ,

L) = a = M < <

N O ) N % M , R A N E V % R Y

174



K , = ` K < . c

M M L< < f f. J =` = L

= K = , U iM = B `M = V.

= M K = k ` a k <

< < M = : *^ = ` K i =M

M < ' i , a *^ < M, " a

*^ f M. = ' i Bk , a i <M

= c , = K= = = ^M f =

^ = ` L .


D @ + @/X/] = < @ X / =@ < + X + >><+@ + => / @/ =@ 7 7 . K @/< + / = < + += /

>+ @ + @ / 7 7 . * < > +, / < + + @S/ + = >@/@ >] / 7 , @/ .



1. $ / F , K +>< D </, M / > / > /+ S =+ (M / > + E >= + % /! L /), .H. F // + + C + ,$+ F + < , 1972, <= . 4.

2. A / + / I. ! + , "S =+ (! L /), D / "> += <, /@ , 1936, 1953( Q/= < ), . 196.

3. S + / > + += < Q/ += ( /@ E / / E >= E+

A= < / / + L / ), B> /= A //=/ < /O <= , + . 63, <= +

1982, 1328-1330.

4. $=+ / M / , M / > / > / =+(M / > + E >= L /: C> / = $=+=>< = / " / = $ = /< < $ + M / > /<),1986, <= . 7.

5. J/ / B+ +, */ P (E+ = ), 1998, <= . 40.

6. L/< / E. ! / , "S =+ + */ ( % /

($ / / % + ), "+ = / B <, /@ ,1983, <= . 197.

13. $ *> / + , *+ P / <(B/ % / I % @/ ), % /"> += <, /@ , 1970, <= . 75-14;C + /< E. ! + , M <= +><= + = / +

< / > : + <= ( % /" + / A><= + = / /< H> + E >= :G > < D > =), +=> /, + . 258, <= . 389.

14. MS / N= Q/ < / / /> = = + / < / = <=< / / = += = /

+ / + + <@/ < < /= < / > =+ / =+ = / <? ) $ / = A / + , < /

1992, <= . 20.

15. A + + / , 'P + ($ / /), + . 207,7. Q/ + 1980, <= . 1103; A. J. K/ < , F+ / (" < + A ) 1

"!* MK

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