List of Nobel laureatesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nobel laureates receive a gold medal together with a diploma and (as of 2012) 8 million SEK (roughly US$1.2 million, 0.93 million).

Nobel laureates of 2012 Alvin E. Roth, Brian Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz, David J. Wineland, and Serge Haroche during the ceremonyThe Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriset, Norwegian: Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, or "laureate", receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation, yearly.[2]Contents 1 Prize 2 Laureates 3 List of laureates 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksPrizeEach prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize.[6] The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World WarII.[7]LaureatesBetween 1901 and 2012, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 555 times to 863 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 835 individuals and 21 organizations. Four Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade three Germans, Richard Kuhn (Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), and Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939), from accepting their Nobel Prizes, and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and L c Th (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and L declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other.[8] UNHCR has been awarded twice with Nobel Peace Prize. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not on the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 826 Nobel laureates, 43 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903.[9] She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.[8]List of laureatesYearPhysicsChemistryPhysiologyor MedicineLiteraturePeaceEconomics

1901Wilhelm RntgenJacobus Henricus van 't HoffEmil Adolf von BehringSully PrudhommeHenry Dunant;Frdric Passy

1902Hendrik Lorentz;Pieter ZeemanHermann Emil FischerRonald RossTheodor Mommsenlie Ducommun;Charles Albert Gobat

1903Henri Becquerel;Pierre Curie;Marie CurieSvante ArrheniusNiels Ryberg FinsenBjrnstjerne BjrnsonRandal Cremer

1904Lord RayleighWilliam RamsayIvan PavlovFrdric Mistral;Jos EchegarayInstitut de Droit International

1905Philipp LenardAdolf von BaeyerRobert KochHenryk SienkiewiczBertha von Suttner

1906J. J. ThomsonHenri MoissanCamillo Golgi;Santiago Ramn y CajalGiosu CarducciTheodore Roosevelt

1907Albert Abraham MichelsonEduard BuchnerCharles Louis Alphonse LaveranRudyard KiplingErnesto Teodoro Moneta;Louis Renault

1908Gabriel LippmannErnest Rutherfordlie Metchnikoff;Paul EhrlichRudolf Christoph EuckenKlas Pontus Arnoldson;Fredrik Bajer

1909Karl Ferdinand Braun;Guglielmo MarconiWilhelm OstwaldEmil Theodor KocherSelma LagerlfAuguste Marie Franois Beernaert;Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant

1910Johannes Diderik van der WaalsOtto WallachAlbrecht KosselPaul HeyseInternational Peace Bureau

1911Wilhelm WienMarie CurieAllvar GullstrandMaurice MaeterlinckTobias Asser;Alfred Hermann Fried

1912Gustaf DalnVictor Grignard;Paul SabatierAlexis CarrelGerhart HauptmannElihu Root

1913Heike Kamerlingh OnnesAlfred WernerCharles RichetRabindranath TagoreHenri La Fontaine

1914Max von LaueTheodore William RichardsRobert BrnyNoneNone

1915William Henry Bragg;William Lawrence BraggRichard WillsttterNoneRomain RollandNone

1916NoneNoneNoneVerner von HeidenstamNone

1917Charles Glover BarklaNoneNoneKarl Adolph Gjellerup;Henrik PontoppidanInternational Committee of the Red Cross

1918Max PlanckFritz HaberNoneNoneNone

1919Johannes StarkNoneJules BordetCarl SpittelerWoodrow Wilson

1920Charles douard GuillaumeWalther NernstAugust KroghKnut HamsunLon Bourgeois

1921Albert EinsteinFrederick SoddyNoneAnatole FranceHjalmar Branting;Christian Lous Lange

1922Niels BohrFrancis William AstonArchibald Hill;Otto Fritz MeyerhofJacinto BenaventeFridtjof Nansen

1923Robert Andrews MillikanFritz PreglFrederick Banting;John James Rickard MacleodW. B. YeatsNone

1924Manne SiegbahnNoneWillem EinthovenWadysaw ReymontNone

1925James Franck;Gustav Ludwig HertzRichard Adolf ZsigmondyNoneGeorge Bernard ShawAusten Chamberlain;Charles G. Dawes

1926Jean Baptiste PerrinTheodor SvedbergJohannes FibigerGrazia DeleddaAristide Briand;Gustav Stresemann

1927Arthur Compton;Charles Thomson Rees WilsonHeinrich Otto WielandJulius Wagner-JaureggHenri BergsonFerdinand Buisson;Ludwig Quidde

1928Owen Willans RichardsonAdolf Otto Reinhold WindausCharles NicolleSigrid UndsetNone

1929Louis de BroglieArthur Harden;Hans von Euler-ChelpinChristiaan Eijkman;Frederick Gowland HopkinsThomas MannFrank B. Kellogg

1930C. V. RamanHans FischerKarl LandsteinerSinclair LewisNathan Sderblom

1931NoneCarl Bosch;Friedrich BergiusOtto Heinrich WarburgErik Axel KarlfeldtJane Addams;Nicholas Murray Butler

1932Werner HeisenbergIrving LangmuirCharles Scott Sherrington;Edgar AdrianJohn GalsworthyNone

1933Erwin Schrdinger;Paul DiracNoneThomas Hunt MorganIvan BuninNorman Angell

1934NoneHarold UreyGeorge Whipple;George Minot;William P. MurphyLuigi PirandelloArthur Henderson

1935James ChadwickFrdric Joliot-Curie;Irne Joliot-CurieHans SpemannNoneCarl von Ossietzky

1936Victor Francis Hess;Carl David AndersonPeter DebyeHenry Hallett Dale;Otto LoewiEugene O'NeillCarlos Saavedra Lamas

1937Clinton Davisson;George Paget ThomsonNorman Haworth;Paul KarrerAlbert Szent-GyrgyiRoger Martin du GardThe Viscount Cecil of Chelwood

1938Enrico FermiRichard Kuhn[A]Corneille HeymansPearl S. BuckNansen International Office For Refugees

1939Ernest LawrenceAdolf Butenandt;[A]Leopold RuikaGerhard Domagk[A]Frans Eemil SillanpNone

1940NoneNoneNoneNoneNone

1941NoneNoneNoneNoneNone

1942NoneNoneNoneNoneNone

1943Otto SternGeorge de HevesyHenrik Dam;Edward Adelbert DoisyNoneNone

1944Isidor Isaac RabiOtto HahnJoseph Erlanger;Herbert Spencer GasserJohannes Vilhelm JensenInternational Committee of the Red Cross

1945Wolfgang PauliArtturi Ilmari VirtanenAlexander Fleming;Ernst Boris Chain;Howard FloreyGabriela MistralCordell Hull

1946Percy Williams BridgmanJames B. Sumner;John Howard Northrop;Wendell Meredith StanleyHermann Joseph MullerHermann HesseEmily Greene Balch;John Mott

1947Edward Victor AppletonRobert RobinsonCarl Ferdinand Cori;Gerty Cori;Bernardo HoussayAndr GideFriends Service Council;American Friends Service Committee

1948Patrick BlackettArne TiseliusPaul Hermann MllerT. S. EliotNone[B]

1949Hideki YukawaWilliam GiauqueWalter Rudolf Hess;Antnio Egas MonizWilliam FaulknerJohn Boyd Orr

1950C. F. PowellOtto Diels;Kurt AlderPhilip Showalter Hench;Edward Calvin Kendall;Tadeus ReichsteinBertrand RussellRalph Bunche

1951John Cockcroft;Ernest WaltonEdwin McMillan;Glenn T. SeaborgMax TheilerPr LagerkvistLon Jouhaux

1952Felix Bloch;Edward Mills PurcellArcher John Porter Martin;Richard Laurence Millington SyngeSelman WaksmanFranois MauriacAlbert Schweitzer

1953Frits ZernikeHermann StaudingerHans Adolf Krebs;Fritz Albert LipmannWinston ChurchillGeorge Marshall

1954Max Born;Walther BotheLinus PaulingJohn Franklin Enders;Frederick Chapman Robbins;Thomas Huckle WellerErnest HemingwayUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

1955Willis Lamb;Polykarp KuschVincent du VigneaudHugo TheorellHalldr LaxnessNone

1956John Bardeen;Walter Houser Brattain;William ShockleyCyril Norman Hinshelwood;Nikolay SemyonovAndr Frdric Cournand;Werner Forssmann;Dickinson W. RichardsJuan Ramn JimnezNone

1957Chen Ning Yang;Tsung-Dao LeeThe Lord ToddDaniel BovetAlbert CamusLester B. Pearson

1958Pavel Cherenkov;Ilya Frank;Igor TammFrederick SangerGeorge Wells Beadle;Edward Lawrie Tatum;Joshua LederbergBoris Pasternak[C]Dominique Pire

1959Emilio G. Segr;Owen ChamberlainJaroslav HeyrovskArthur Kornberg;Severo OchoaSalvatore QuasimodoPhilip Noel-Baker

1960Donald A. GlaserWillard LibbyFrank Macfarlane Burnet;Peter MedawarSaint-John PerseAlbert Lutuli

1961Robert Hofstadter;Rudolf MssbauerMelvin CalvinGeorg von BksyIvo AndriDag Hammarskjld

1962Lev LandauMax Perutz;John KendrewFrancis Crick;James D. Watson;Maurice WilkinsJohn SteinbeckLinus Pauling

1963Eugene Wigner;Maria Goeppert-Mayer;J. Hans D. JensenKarl Ziegler;Giulio NattaJohn Eccles;Alan Lloyd Hodgkin;Andrew HuxleyGiorgos SeferisInternational Committee of the Red Cross;League of Red Cross societies

1964Charles Hard Townes;Nikolay Basov;Alexander ProkhorovDorothy HodgkinKonrad Emil Bloch;Feodor Felix Konrad LynenJean-Paul Sartre[D]Martin Luther King, Jr.

1965Sin-Itiro Tomonaga;Julian Schwinger;Richard FeynmanRobert Burns WoodwardFranois Jacob;Andr Michel Lwoff;Jacques MonodMikhail SholokhovUnited Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

1966Alfred KastlerRobert S. MullikenFrancis Peyton Rous;Charles Brenton HugginsShmuel Yosef Agnon;Nelly SachsNone

1967Hans BetheManfred Eigen;Ronald George Wreyford Norrish;George PorterRagnar Granit;Haldan Keffer Hartline;George WaldMiguel ngel AsturiasNone

1968Luis Walter AlvarezLars OnsagerRobert W. Holley;Har Gobind Khorana;Marshall Warren NirenbergYasunari KawabataRen Cassin

1969Murray Gell-MannDerek Barton;Odd HasselMax Delbrck;Alfred Hershey;Salvador LuriaSamuel BeckettInternational Labour OrganizationRagnar Frisch;Jan Tinbergen

1970Hannes Alfvn;Louis NelLuis Federico LeloirJulius Axelrod;Ulf von Euler;Bernard KatzAleksandr SolzhenitsynNorman BorlaugPaul Samuelson

1971Dennis GaborGerhard HerzbergEarl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.Pablo NerudaWilly BrandtSimon Kuznets

1972John Bardeen;Leon Cooper;John Robert SchriefferChristian B. Anfinsen;Stanford Moore;William Howard SteinGerald Edelman;Rodney Robert PorterHeinrich BllNoneJohn Hicks;Kenneth Arrow

1973Leo Esaki;Ivar Giaever;Brian David JosephsonErnst Otto Fischer;Geoffrey WilkinsonKarl von Frisch;Konrad Lorenz;Nikolaas TinbergenPatrick WhiteHenry Kissinger;Le Duc Tho[E]Wassily Leontief

1974Martin Ryle;Antony HewishPaul FloryAlbert Claude;Christian de Duve;George Emil PaladeEyvind Johnson;Harry MartinsonSen MacBride;Eisaku SatGunnar Myrdal;Friedrich Hayek

1975Aage Bohr;Ben Roy Mottelson;James RainwaterJohn Cornforth;Vladimir PrelogDavid Baltimore;Renato Dulbecco;Howard Martin TeminEugenio MontaleAndrei SakharovLeonid Kantorovich;Tjalling Koopmans

1976Burton Richter;Samuel C. C. TingWilliam LipscombBaruch Samuel Blumberg;Daniel Carleton GajdusekSaul BellowBetty Williams;Mairead MaguireMilton Friedman

1977Philip Warren Anderson;Nevill Francis Mott;John Hasbrouck Van VleckIlya PrigogineRoger Guillemin;Andrew Schally;Rosalyn Sussman YalowVicente AleixandreAmnesty InternationalBertil Ohlin;James Meade

1978Pyotr Kapitsa;Arno Allan Penzias;Robert Woodrow WilsonPeter D. MitchellWerner Arber;Daniel Nathans;Hamilton O. SmithIsaac Bashevis SingerAnwar Sadat;Menachem BeginHerbert A. Simon

1979Sheldon Lee Glashow;Abdus Salam;Steven WeinbergHerbert C. Brown;Georg WittigAllan McLeod Cormack;Godfrey HounsfieldOdysseas ElytisMother TeresaTheodore Schultz;Arthur Lewis

1980James Cronin;Val Logsdon FitchPaul Berg;Walter Gilbert;Frederick SangerBaruj Benacerraf;Jean Dausset;George Davis SnellCzesaw MioszAdolfo Prez EsquivelLawrence Klein

1981Nicolaas Bloembergen;Arthur Leonard Schawlow;Kai SiegbahnKenichi Fukui;Roald HoffmannRoger Wolcott Sperry;David H. Hubel;Torsten WieselElias CanettiUnited Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesJames Tobin

1982Kenneth G. WilsonAaron KlugSune Bergstrm;Bengt I. Samuelsson;John VaneGabriel Garca MrquezAlva Myrdal;Alfonso Garca RoblesGeorge Stigler

1983Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar;William Alfred FowlerHenry TaubeBarbara McClintockWilliam GoldingLech WasaGrard Debreu

1984Carlo Rubbia;Simon van der MeerRobert Bruce MerrifieldNiels Kaj Jerne;Georges J. F. Khler;Csar MilsteinJaroslav SeifertDesmond TutuRichard Stone

1985Klaus von KlitzingHerbert A. Hauptman;Jerome KarleMichael Stuart Brown;Joseph L. GoldsteinClaude SimonInternational Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear WarFranco Modigliani

1986Ernst Ruska;Gerd Binnig;Heinrich RohrerDudley R. Herschbach;Yuan T. Lee;John PolanyiStanley Cohen;Rita Levi-MontalciniWole SoyinkaElie WieselJames M. Buchanan

1987Johannes Georg Bednorz;Karl Alexander MllerDonald J. Cram;Jean-Marie Lehn;Charles J. PedersenSusumu TonegawaJoseph Brodskyscar AriasRobert Solow

1988Leon M. Lederman;Melvin Schwartz;Jack SteinbergerJohann Deisenhofer;Robert Huber;Hartmut MichelJames W. Black;Gertrude B. Elion;George H. HitchingsNaguib MahfouzUnited Nations Peace-Keeping ForcesMaurice Allais

1989Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.;Hans Georg Dehmelt;Wolfgang PaulSidney Altman;Thomas CechJ. Michael Bishop;Harold E. VarmusCamilo Jos CelaTenzin Gyatso (The Dalai Lama)Trygve Haavelmo

1990Jerome Isaac Friedman;Henry Way Kendall;Richard E. TaylorElias James CoreyJoseph Murray;E. Donnall ThomasOctavio PazMikhail GorbachevHarry Markowitz;Merton Miller;William Forsyth Sharpe

1991Pierre-Gilles de GennesRichard R. ErnstErwin Neher;Bert SakmannNadine GordimerAung San Suu KyiRonald Coase

1992Georges CharpakRudolph A. MarcusEdmond H. Fischer;Edwin G. KrebsDerek WalcottRigoberta MenchGary Becker

1993Russell Alan Hulse;Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.Kary Mullis;Michael SmithRichard J. Roberts;Phillip Allen SharpToni MorrisonNelson Mandela;F. W. de KlerkRobert Fogel;Douglass North

1994Bertram Brockhouse;Clifford ShullGeorge Andrew OlahAlfred G. Gilman;Martin RodbellKenzabur eYasser Arafat;Shimon Peres;Yitzhak RabinJohn Harsanyi;John Forbes Nash, Jr.;Reinhard Selten

1995Martin Lewis Perl;Frederick ReinesPaul J. Crutzen;Mario J. Molina;Frank Sherwood RowlandEdward B. Lewis;Christiane Nsslein-Volhard;Eric F. WieschausSeamus HeaneyJoseph Rotblat;Pugwash Conferences on Science and World AffairsRobert Lucas, Jr.

1996David Lee;Douglas Osheroff;Robert Coleman RichardsonRobert F. Curl Jr.;Harry Kroto;Richard SmalleyPeter C. Doherty;Rolf M. ZinkernagelWisawa SzymborskaCarlos Filipe Ximenes Belo;Jos Ramos-HortaJames Mirrlees;William Vickrey

1997Steven Chu;Claude Cohen-Tannoudji;William Daniel PhillipsPaul D. Boyer;John E. Walker;Jens Christian SkouStanley B. PrusinerDario FoInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines;Jody WilliamsRobert C. Merton;Myron Scholes

1998Robert B. Laughlin;Horst Ludwig Strmer;Daniel C. TsuiWalter Kohn;John PopleRobert F. Furchgott;Louis Ignarro;Ferid MuradJos SaramagoJohn Hume;David TrimbleAmartya Sen

1999Gerard 't Hooft;Martinus J. G. VeltmanAhmed ZewailGnter BlobelGnter GrassMdecins Sans FrontiresRobert Mundell

2000Zhores Alferov;Herbert Kroemer;Jack KilbyAlan J. Heeger;Alan MacDiarmid;Hideki ShirakawaArvid Carlsson;Paul Greengard;Eric KandelGao XingjianKim Dae-jungJames Heckman;Daniel McFadden

2001Eric Allin Cornell;Wolfgang Ketterle;Carl WiemanWilliam Standish Knowles;Ryji Noyori;Karl Barry SharplessLeland H. Hartwell;Tim Hunt;Paul NurseV. S. NaipaulUnited Nations;Kofi AnnanGeorge Akerlof;Michael Spence;Joseph Stiglitz

2002Raymond Davis, Jr.;Masatoshi Koshiba;Riccardo GiacconiJohn Fenn;Koichi Tanaka;Kurt WthrichSydney Brenner;H. Robert Horvitz;John SulstonImre KertszJimmy CarterDaniel Kahneman;Vernon L. Smith

2003Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov;Vitaly Ginzburg;Anthony James LeggettPeter Agre;Roderick MacKinnonPaul Lauterbur;Peter MansfieldJ. M. CoetzeeShirin EbadiRobert F. Engle;Clive Granger

2004David Gross;Hugh David Politzer;Frank WilczekAaron Ciechanover;Avram Hershko;Irwin RoseRichard Axel;Linda B. BuckElfriede JelinekWangari MaathaiFinn E. Kydland;Edward C. Prescott

2005Roy J. Glauber;John L. Hall;Theodor W. HnschYves Chauvin;Robert H. Grubbs;Richard R. SchrockBarry Marshall;Robin WarrenHarold PinterInternational Atomic Energy Agency;Mohamed ElBaradeiRobert Aumann;Thomas Schelling

2006John C. Mather;George SmootRoger D. KornbergAndrew Fire;Craig MelloOrhan PamukMuhammad Yunus;Grameen BankEdmund Phelps

2007Albert Fert;Peter GrnbergGerhard ErtlMario Capecchi;Martin Evans;Oliver SmithiesDoris LessingIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;Al GoreLeonid Hurwicz;Eric Maskin;Roger Myerson

2008Yoichiro Nambu;Makoto Kobayashi;Toshihide MaskawaOsamu Shimomura;Martin Chalfie;Roger Y. TsienHarald zur Hausen;Franoise Barr-Sinoussi;Luc MontagnierJ. M. G. Le ClzioMartti AhtisaariPaul Krugman

2009Charles K. Kao;Willard S. Boyle;George E. SmithVenkatraman Ramakrishnan;Thomas A. Steitz;Ada YonathElizabeth Blackburn;Carol W. Greider;Jack W. SzostakHerta MllerBarack ObamaElinor Ostrom;Oliver E. Williamson

2010Andre Geim;Konstantin NovoselovRichard F. Heck;Ei-ichi Negishi;Akira SuzukiRobert G. EdwardsMario Vargas LlosaLiu Xiaobo[F]Peter A. Diamond;Dale T. Mortensen;Christopher A. Pissarides

2011Saul Perlmutter;Adam G. Riess;Brian SchmidtDan ShechtmanBruce Beutler;Jules A. Hoffmann;Ralph M. SteinmanTomas TranstrmerEllen Johnson Sirleaf;Leymah Gbowee;Tawakel KarmanThomas J. Sargent;Christopher A. Sims

2012Serge Haroche;David J. WinelandBrian K. Kobilka;Robert J. LefkowitzJohn B. Gurdon;Shinya YamanakaMo YanEuropean UnionAlvin E. Roth;Lloyd S. Shapley

2013Franois Englert;Peter W. HiggsMartin Karplus;Michael Levitt;Arieh WarshelJames E. Rothman;Randy W. Schekman;Thomas C. SdhofAlice MunroOrganisation for the Prohibition of Chemical WeaponsEugene F. Fama;Lars Peter Hansen;Robert J. Shiller

2014Isamu Akasaki;Hiroshi Amano;Shuji NakamuraEric Betzig;Stefan Hell;William MoernerJohn O'Keefe;May-Britt Moser;Edvard MoserPatrick ModianoKailash Satyarthi;Malala YousafzaiJean Tirole

YearPhysicsChemistryPhysiologyor MedicineLiteraturePeaceEconomics

Notes A In 1938 and 1939, the government of Germany did not allow three German Nobel nominees to accept their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1938; Adolf Butenandt, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1939; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money.[8] B In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation's website suggests that it would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, however, due to his assassination earlier that year, it was left unassigned in his honor.[10] C In 1958, Russian-born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature.[8] D In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.[8] E In 1973, L c Th declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it because although he helped negotiate the Paris Peace Accords (a cease-fire in the Vietnam War), there had been no actual peace agreement.[8][7] F In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to 11 years of imprisonment by the Chinese authorities.[11]List of Nobel laureates by university affiliationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis list of Nobel laureates by university affiliation shows the university affiliations (either as a student, alumnus/alumna, researcher, or faculty) of winners of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Universities are listed in order of number of affiliated Nobel Prize winners, from highest to lowest.Each institution practices different methods for counting affiliates, from generous counting to conservative. This Unofficial Count is simply the number of unique names listed here for each university. Many universities maintain their own tallies using widely divergent methodologies, most narrower than what appears on this list.[1] Within this list, the Official Counts are those published by the universities themselves. Because each school maintains its own list with very different standards, this list uses the broadest definition for university affiliation and includes people who were associated with a university for less than one year as for fair comparison.It is not always straightforward to determine which institution was key to the contribution for which each Nobel laureate was honored. Many laureates earn their bachelor's and master's degrees at one university, then move to a different university to earn their doctorates. Some laureates may have taught or done research at more than one university. Many names will appear below as Graduates, Researchers, or Academic Staff of more than one university.The federal University of London is counted by its individual constituent colleges in this table. The University of London and Imperial College London (which separated in 2007) together have a total of more than 80 affiliated Nobel laureates overall (including 7 Nobel laureates affiliated to the University of London International Programmes).The University of California is also counted here by its individual campuses. The University of California system is affiliated with at least 120 Nobel laureates.A list of laureates' university affiliations is also maintained by the Nobel Foundation, which defines the awards by the affiliation at the time of the award.[2]Legend: [Ph.] Physics, [Ch.] Chemistry, [PM] Physiology or Medicine, [Li.] Literature, [Pe.] Peace, [Ec.] Economics.Contents 1 Harvard University 2 Columbia University 3 University of Cambridge 4 University of Chicago 5 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6 University of California, Berkeley 7 University of Oxford 8 Stanford University 9 Yale University 10 University of Paris 11 Georg August University of Gttingen 12 Cornell University 13 University of Heidelberg 14 Humboldt University 15 Princeton University 16 New York University 17 Johns Hopkins University 18 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich 19 California Institute of Technology 20 University College London 21 ETH Zurich 22 University of Pennsylvania 23 University of Manchester 24 University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign 25 Rockefeller University 26 University of Minnesota 27 Washington University in St. Louis 28 University of Michigan 29 Carnegie Mellon University 30 University of Zurich 31 University of California, San Diego 32 University of Edinburgh 33 Technical University of Munich 34 Other universities 35 Notes 36 See also 37 References 38 External linksHarvard UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Harvard University's count includes those officially affiliated as determined by the Nobel Foundation.

153 (official 48)[3]1. [Ph.] Adam Riess2. [Ph.] Ben Roy Mottelson3. [Ph.] Brian Schmidt4. [Ph.] David J. Wineland5. [Ph.] Edward M. Purcell6. [Ph.] John H. van Vleck7. [Ph.] Joseph H. Taylor[4]8. [Ph.] Kenneth G. Wilson9. [Ph.] Percy W. Bridgman10. [Ph.] Philip W. Anderson11. [Ph.] Roy Glauber12. [Ph.] Saul Perlmutter13. [Ph.] Sheldon Glashow14. [Ch.] Christian Anfinsen[Note 6]15. [Ch.] David M. Lee16. [Ch.] Donald Cram17. [Ch.] Dudley R. Herschbach[Note 6]18. [Ch.] Edward A. Doisy19. [Ch.] James B. Sumner20. [Ch.] Jerome Karle21. [Ch.] Martin Chalfie22. [Ch.] Roald Hoffman23. [Ch.] Roger D. Kornberg24. [Ch.] Theodore W. Richards[Note 6]25. [Ch.] Thomas A. Steitz26. [Ch.] Walter Gilbert27. [Ch.] Walter Kohn28. [Ch.] William H. Stein29. [Ch.] William S. Knowles30. [Ch.] Martin Karplus[Note 6]31. [PM] Craig C. Mello32. [PM] D. Carleton Gajdusek33. [PM] E. Donnall Thomas34. [PM] Eric Kandel35. [PM] Frederick Chapman Robbins[Note 6]36. [PM] George H. Hitchings37. [PM] George Minot[Note 6]38. [PM] H. Robert Horvitz39. [PM] Harold E. Varmus40. [PM] J. Michael Bishop[Note 6]41. [PM] James Rothman42. [PM] John F. Enders [Note 6]43. [PM] Joseph E. Murray44. [PM] Mario Capecchi45. [PM] Ralph M. Steinman46. [PM] Roger Y. Tsien47. [PM] Thomas H. Weller[Note 6]48. [PM] William P. Murphy49. [Ec.] A. Michael Spence[Note 6]50. [Ec.] Bertil Ohlin51. [Ec.] Christopher Sims52. [Ec.] Eric Maskin53. [Ec.] James Tobin54. [Ec.] Lloyd Shapley55. [Ec.] Merton H. Miller56. [Ec.] Paul A. Samuelson57. [Ec.] Robert M. Solow58. [Ec.] Roger Myerson59. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent60. [Ec.] Thomas Schelling61. [Ec.] Vernon L. Smith62. [Pe.] Al Gore63. [Pe.] Barack H. Obama64. [Pe.] David A. Morse65. [Pe.] Ellen Johnson Sirleaf66. [Pe.] Henry Kissinger67. [Pe.] Ralph Bunche[Note 6]68. [Pe.] Theodore Roosevelt69. [Li.] T. S. Eliot[Note 6]1. [Ph.] Felix Bloch2. [Ch.] Jean-Marie Lehn3. [Ch.] Ryoji Noyori4. [Ch.] Yuan T. Lee5. [Ch.] Arieh Warshel6. [PM] Bengt I. Samuelsson[5][Note 6]7. [PM] Elizabeth Blackburn8. [PM] Georg von Bksy9. [PM] George H. Hitchings10. [PM] Jean Dausset11. [PM] Richard J. Roberts12. [PM] Robert Lefkowitz[6]13. [PM] Thomas C. Sdhof[7]14. [Ec.] Robert J. Shiller[8]15. [Li.] Eugene O'Neill16. [Li.] T. S. Eliot1. [Ph.] Burton Richter [9]2. [Ph.] Claude Cohen-Tannoudji [9]3. [Ph.] E. M. Purcell4. [Ph.] John Bardeen[Note 7]5. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger6. [Ph.] Nicolaas Bloembergen7. [Ph.] Norman F. Ramsey8. [Ph.] Owen Chamberlain[10]9. [Ph.] Percy W. Bridgman10. [Ph.] Riccardo Giacconi11. [Ph.] Roy Glauber12. [Ph.] Serge Haroche[11]13. [Ph.] Sheldon Glashow14. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg15. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb[9]16. [Ch.] Aaron Ciechanover[12]17. [Ch.] Christian Anfinsen18. [Ch.] Derek Barton19. [Ch.] Dudley R. Herschbach20. [Ch.] Elias James Corey21. [Ch.] Geoffrey Wilkinson22. [Ch.] George de Hevesy[13]23. [Ch.] Luis Federico Leloir[14]24. [Ch.] Richard R. Ernst[15]25. [Ch.] Robert Burns Woodward26. [Ch.] Sune Bergstrm[16]27. [Ch.] Theodore W. Richards28. [Ch.] William Lipscomb29. [Ch.] Martin Karplus30. [Ch.] William Moerner[17]31. [PM] Albert Szent-Gyrgyi32. [PM] Allan M. Cormack33. [PM] Baruj Benacerraf[2]34. [PM] Bengt I. Samuelsson35. [PM] Charles Scott Sherrington[18]36. [PM] David H. Hubel[2]37. [PM] Francis Crick[19]38. [PM] Frederick Chapman Robbins39. [PM] Fritz Lipmann[2]40. [PM] George Minot41. [PM] George Wald42. [PM] Gerald Edelman[20]43. [PM] J. Michael Bishop44. [PM] Jack W. Szostak45. [PM] James Watson46. [PM] John F. Enders[2]47. [PM] John R. Vane[21]48. [PM] Konrad Bloch49. [PM] Linda B. Buck50. [PM] Max Theiler51. [PM] Thomas H. Weller52. [PM] Torsten N. Wiesel[2]53. [PM] Willem Einthoven[22]54. [Ec.] A. Michael Spence55. [Ec.] Alvin E. Roth[2]56. [Ec.] Amartya Sen57. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow58. [Ec.] Robert C. Merton59. [Ec.] Simon Kuznets60. [Ec.] Wassily Leontief61. [Ec.] Lars Peter Hansen[23]62. [Pe.] Henry Kissinger63. [Pe.] Ralph Bunche64. [Li.] Derek Walcott[24]65. [Li.] J. M. Coetzee[25]66. [Li.] Mario Vargas Llosa[26]67. [Li.] Nadine Gordimer [27]68. [Li.] Seamus Heaney69. [Li.] T. S. Eliot1. [Ph.] Aage Bohr[9]2. [Ph.] Chen Ning Yang[9]3. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi[9]4. [Ph.] Gerard 't Hooft[9]5. [Ph.] Hans Bethe[9]6. [Ph.] Isidor Isaac Rabi[9]7. [Ph.] John Cockcroft[9]8. [Ph.] Steven Chu[9]9. [Ph.] Tsung-Dao Lee[9]10. [Ph.] Werner Heisenberg[9]11. [Ph.] William Alfred Fowler[9]12. [Ch.] Max Perutz[28]13. [Ch.] Peter Debye[29]14. [PM] Carl Ferdinand Cori15. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins[30]16. [Pe.] scar Arias [31]17. [Li.] Czeslaw Milosz [32]18. [Li.] Orhan Pamuk[33]19. [Li.] Wole Soyinka [34]

Columbia UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Columbia University

101 (Official 82)[35]1. [Ph.] Arno A. Penzias2. [Ph.] I. I. Rabi3. [Ph.] James Rainwater4. [Ph.] Julian S. Schwinger5. [Ph.] Leon M. Lederman6. [Ph.] Leon N. Cooper7. [Ph.] Martin L. Perl8. [Ph.] Melvin Schwartz9. [Ph.] Norman F. Ramsey10. [Ph.] Robert A. Millikan11. [Ph.] Val L. Fitch12. [Ch.] Herbert A. Hauptman13. [Ch.] Irving Langmuir14. [Ch.] John Howard Northrop15. [Ch.] Roald Hoffman16. [Ch.] Robert H. Grubbs17. [Ch.] Robert Lefkowitz18. [Ch.] William H. Stein19. [Ch.] William S. Knowles20. [PM] Baruch S. Blumberg21. [PM] Baruj Benacerraf22. [PM] Dickinson W. Richards23. [PM] Edward C. Kendall24. [PM] George Wald25. [PM] Harold E. Varmus26. [PM] Hermann J. Muller27. [PM] Joshua Lederberg28. [PM] Konrad E. Bloch29. [PM] Louis J. Ignarro30. [PM] Richard Axel31. [Ec.] Alvin E. Roth32. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow33. [Ec.] Milton Friedman34. [Ec.] Robert C. Merton35. [Ec.] Robert W. Fogel36. [Ec.] Simon S. Kuznets37. [Ec.] William Vickrey38. [Pe.] Barack H. Obama39. [Pe.] Nicholas Murray Butler1. [Ph.] Arno Allan Penzias2. [Ph.] John C. Mather3. [Ph.] William Shockley4. [Ch.] Luis Federico Leloir5. [Ch.] Sidney Altman6. [PM] Arthur Kornberg7. [PM] Baruch S. Blumberg8. [PM] Baruj Benacerraf9. [PM] Dickinson W. Richards10. [PM] Konrad Lorenz11. [PM] Linda B. Buck12. [Ec.] Milton Friedman13. [Ec.] Robert Solow14. [Pe.] Jos Ramos-Horta15. [Pe.] Theodore Roosevelt1. [Ph.] Aage Bohr2. [Ph.] Arthur L. Schawlow3. [Ph.] Carlo Rubbia4. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes5. [Ph.] Emilio G. Segr6. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi7. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe8. [Ph.] Hideki Yukawa[2]9. [Ph.] Horst L. Stormer[2]10. [Ph.] I. I. Rabi[2]11. [Ph.] Jack Steinberger12. [Ph.] Leo James Rainwater[2]13. [Ph.] Leon M. Lederman14. [Ph.] Maria Goeppert-Mayer15. [Ph.] Melvin Schwartz16. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann17. [Ph.] Norman F. Ramsey18. [Ph.] Polykarp Kusch[2]19. [Ph.] Samuel C. C. Ting20. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg21. [Ph.] Tsung-Dao Lee[2]22. [Ph.] Val L. Fitch23. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien24. [Ph.] Max Planck25. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb26. [Ch.] Harold C. Urey[2]27. [Ch.] Irving Langmuir28. [Ch.] Martin Chalfie[2]29. [Ch.] Willard F. Libby30. [Ch.] Martin Karplus31. [PM] Andr F. Cournand32. [PM] Daniel Nathans33. [PM] D. Carleton Gajdusek34. [PM] Dickinson W. Richards[2]35. [PM] E. Donnall Thomas36. [PM] Eric Kandel[2]37. [PM] Harold E. Varmus38. [PM] Hermann J. Muller39. [PM] Joshua Lederberg40. [PM] Konrad Bloch41. [PM] Richard Axel[2]42. [PM] Salvador E. Luria43. [PM] Sune Bergstrm44. [PM] Thomas Hunt Morgan45. [PM] James E. Rothman46. [Ec.] Edmund S. Phelps[2]47. [Ec.] Franco Modigliani48. [Ec.] Gary S. Becker49. [Ec.] George J. Stigler50. [Ec.] James Heckman51. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz[2]52. [Ec.] Milton Friedman53. [Ec.] Robert Mundell[2]54. [Ec.] William Vickrey[2]55. [Pe.] Al Gore56. [Pe.] Liu Xiaobo57. [Pe.] Nicholas Murray Butler[2]58. [Li.] Derek Walcott59. [Li.] Gabriela Mistral60. [Li.] Joseph Brodsky61. [Li.] Mario Vargas Llosa62. [Li.] Nadine Gordimer63. [Li.] Orhan Pamuk1. [Ph.] Daniel C. Tsui2. [Ph.] Hendrik A. Lorentz3. [Ph.] Melvin Schwartz4. [Ch.] Roald Hoffman5. [PM] Joshua Lederberg6. [Ec.] Robert M. Solow7. [Pe.] Elie Wiesel8. [Pe.] Kofi Annan9. [Pe.] Leymah Gbowee[36]

University of CambridgeAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Cambridge

90 [37]1. [Ph.] Abdus Salam [Note 6]2. [Ph.] Antony Hewish3. [Ph.] Brian David Josephson [Note 6]4. [Ph.] Cecil Powell5. [Ph.] Charles Barkla [Note 6]6. [Ph.] Charles Wilson [Note 6]7. [Ph.] Edward Appleton[Note 6]8. [Ph.] Ernest Walton9. [Ph.] George Thomson[Note 6]10. [Ph.] J. J. Thomson [Note 6]11. [Ph.] James Chadwick [Note 6]12. [Ph.] John Cockcroft[Note 6]13. [Ph.] Lord Rayleigh [Note 6]14. [Ph.] Lawrence Bragg [Note 6]15. [Ph.] Nevill Mott16. [Ph.] Niels Bohr17. [Ph.] Norman Ramsey18. [Ph.] Owen Richardson [Note 6]19. [Ph.] Patrick M. S. Blackett20. [Ph.] Paul Dirac [Note 6]21. [Ph.] Pjotr Kapitsa22. [Ph.] Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar [Note 6]23. [Ph.] William Bragg24. [Ch.] Aaron Klug [Note 6]25. [Ch.] Alan McDiarmid26. [Ch.] Archer Martin27. [Ch.] Dorothy Hodgkin28. [Ch.] Ernest Rutherford [Note 6]29. [Ch.] Francis Aston [Note 6]30. [Ch.] Frederick Sanger[Note 6][Ch.] Frederick Sanger[Note 7]31. [Ch.] George Porter [Note 6]32. [Ch.] John Kendrew[Note 6]33. [Ch.] John Pople [Note 6]34. [Ch.] Max Perutz35. [Ch.] Michael Levitt36. [Ch.] Peter Mitchell37. [Ch.] Richard Synge38. [Ch.] Richard R. Schrock39. [Ch.] Roger Y. Tsien40. [Ch.] Ronald Norrish41. [Ch.] Walter Gilbert42. [PM] Alan Hodgkin[Note 6]43. [PM] Albert Szent-Gyrgyi44. [PM] Andrew Huxley[Note 6]45. [PM] Archibald Hill [Note 6]46. [PM] Csar Milstein [Note 6]47. [PM] Charles Sherrington [Note 6]48. [PM] Edgar Adrian [Note 6]49. [PM] Elizabeth Blackburn50. [PM] Francis Crick[Note 6]51. [PM] Henry Dale52. [PM] Sir Howard Walter Florey[Note 6]53. [PM] John Sulston [Note 6]54. [PM] Martin Evans [Note 6]55. [PM] Maurice Wilkins56. [PM] Rodney Porter57. [PM] Tim Hunt [Note 6]58. [Ec.] Amartya Sen [Note 6]59. [Ec.] James Meade [Note 6]60. [Ec.] James Mirrlees [Note 6]61. [Ec.] Richard Stone [Note 6]62. [Pe.] Austen Chamberlain63. [Pe.] Philip Noel-Baker64. [Li.] Bertrand Russell[Note 6]65. [Li.] Patrick White1. [Ph.] Arthur Holly Compton2. [Ph.] Martin Ryle3. [Ph.] Max Born4. [Ch.] John Walker [Note 6]5. [PM] Allan M. Cormack6. [PM] Ernst Chain7. [PM] Georges Khler8. [PM] Hans Krebs9. [PM] James Watson10. [PM] Paul Greengard11. [PM] Sydney Brenner12. [Ec.] Grard Debreu13. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz14. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow [Note 6]1. [Ph.] Abdus Salam [Note 6]2. [Ph.] Antony Hewish3. [Ph.] Brian David Josephson [Note 6]4. [Ph.] Charles Barkla [Note 6]5. [Ph.] Charles Wilson [Note 6]6. [Ph.] Edward Appleton [Note 6]7. [Ph.] George Thomson [Note 6]8. [Ph.] J. J. Thomson [Note 6]9. [Ph.] James Chadwick [Note 6]10. [Ph.] John Cockcroft [Note 6]11. [Ph.] Lord Rayleigh [Note 6]12. [Ph.] Martin Ryle13. [Ph.] Nevill Mott14. [Ph.] Owen Richardson [Note 6] [Note 6]15. [Ph.] Patrick M. S. Blackett16. [Ph.] Paul Dirac [Note 6]17. [Ph.] Philip Anderson18. [Ph.] Pyotr Kapitsa19. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg20. [Ph.] Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar [Note 6]21. [Ph.] William Fowler22. [Ch.] Aaron Klug [Note 6]23. [Ch.] Alexander Todd24. [Ch.] Francis Aston [Note 6]25. [Ch.] Frederick Sanger[Note 6][Ch.] Frederick Sanger[Note 7]26. [Ch.] George Porter [Note 6]27. [Ch.] John Kendrew [Note 6]28. [Ch.] John Pople [Note 6]29. [Ch.] Max Perutz30. [Ch.] Peter Mitchell31. [Ch.] Ronald Norrish32. [Ch.] Venkatraman Ramakrishnan33. [PM] Alan Hodgkin [Note 6]34. [PM] Andrew Huxley [Note 6]35. [PM] Archibald Hill [Note 6]36. [PM] Csar Milstein [Note 6]37. [PM] Charles Sherrington [Note 6]38. [PM] Edgar Adrian [Note 6]39. [PM] Francis Crick [Note 6]40. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins41. [PM] Sir Howard Walter Florey [Note 6]42. [PM] John B. Gurdon43. [PM] John Sulston [Note 6]44. [PM] Martin Evans [Note 6]45. [PM] Robert G. Edwards46. [PM] Tim Hunt [Note 6]47. [Ec.] Eric Maskin48. [Ec.] James Meade [Note 6]49. [Ec.] James Mirrlees [Note 6]50. [Ec.] John Hicks51. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow [Note 6]52. [Ec.] Richard Stone [Note 6]53. [Li.] Bertrand Russell [Note 6]54. [Li.] Mario Vargas Llosa1. [Ph.] William Lawrence Bragg [Note 6]2. [Ch.] Ernest Rutherford [Note 6]3. [Ch.] John Walker [Note 6]4. [Ch.] Peter Debye5. [Ec.] Amartya Sen [Note 6]

University of ChicagoMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of ChicagoAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Chicago

89 [38]1. [Ph.] Bruce Beutler2. [Ph.] Chen Ning Yang3. [Ph.] Clinton Davisson4. [Ph.] Daniel Tsui5. [Ph.] Ernest O. Lawrence6. [Ph.] Frank Wilczek7. [Ph.] George E. Smith8. [Ph.] Jack Steinberger9. [Ph.] James Cronin10. [Ph.] Jerome Friedman11. [Ph.] Luis W. Alvarez12. [Ph.] Owen Chamberlain13. [Ph.] Robert A. Millikan14. [Ph.] Tsung-Dao Lee15. [Ch.] Frank Sherwood Rowland16. [Ch.] Herbert C. Brown17. [Ch.] Irwin Rose18. [Ch.] Robert Mulliken19. [PM] Edward Lawrie Tatum20. [PM] James Dewey Watson21. [PM] Roger Sperry22. [Ec.] Gary Becker23. [Ec.] George Stigler24. [Ec.] Harry Markowitz25. [Ec.] Herbert A. Simon26. [Ec.] James M. Buchanan27. [Ec.] Milton Friedman28. [Ec.] Myron Scholes29. [Ec.] Paul Samuelson30. [Ec.] Robert Lucas Jr31. [Ec.] Eugene F. Fama1. [Ph.] Alexei A. Abrikosov2. [Ph.] Eugene P. Wigner3. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe4. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger5. [Ph.] Maria Goeppert-Mayer6. [Ph.] Masatoshi Koshiba7. [Ph.] Werner Heisenberg8. [PM] Alexis Carrel9. [PM] George Wald10. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow11. [Li.] Saul Bellow1. [Ph.] Albert Abraham Michelson2. [Ph.] Arthur Holly Compton3. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi4. [Ph.] James Franck5. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer6. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann7. [Ph.] Subramanyan Chandrasekhar8. [Ph.] Yoichiro Nambu9. [Ch.] Ada Yonath10. [Ch.] Gerhard Herzberg11. [Ch.] Glenn Theodore Seaborg12. [Ch.] Henry Taube13. [Ch.] Herbert C. Brown14. [Ch.] Ilya Prigogine15. [Ch.] Karl Ziegler16. [Ch.] Paul Crutzen17. [Ch.] Richard E. Smalley18. [Ch.] Willard Frank Libby19. [Ch.] William H. Stein20. [Ch.] Yuan T. Lee21. [PM] Charles Brenton Huggins22. [PM] Edward Adelbert Doisy23. [PM] George Wells Beadle24. [PM] Hermann Joseph Muller25. [PM] Sir John Carew Eccles26. [PM] Konrad E. Bloch27. [Ec.] Daniel L. McFadden28. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott29. [Ec.] Friedrich August von Hayek30. [Ec.] Grard Debreu31. [Ec.] James J. Heckman32. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow33. [Ec.] Lawrence R. Klein34. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz35. [Ec.] Merton H. Miller36. [Ec.] Robert A. Mundell37. [Ec.] Robert Fogel38. [Ec.] Roger Myerson39. [Ec.] Ronald H. Coase40. [Ec.] Eugene F. Fama41. [Ec.] Lars Peter Hansen42. [Ec.] Theodore W. Schultz43. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent44. [Ec.] Tjalling C. Koopmans45. [Ec.] Trygve Haavelmo46. [Pe.] Barack H. Obama47. [Li.] Bertrand Russell48. [Li.] J. M. Coetzee1. [Ph.] Leon M. Lederman2. [Ch.] Harold Clayton Urey

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

83 (official 78)[39][40]1. [Ph.] Adam Riess2. [Ph.] Burton Richter3. [Ph.] Carl E. Wieman4. [Ph.] Eric A. Cornell5. [Ph.] George Smoot6. [Ph.] Henry W. Kendall[Note 6]7. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer8. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann9. [Ph.] Richard P. Feynman10. [Ph.] Robert B. Laughlin11. [Ph.] William D. Phillips12. [Ph.] William Shockley13. [Ch.] Charles J. Pedersen14. [Ch.] Elias J. Corey Jr.15. [Ch.] Robert Burns Woodward16. [Ch.] Robert S. Mulliken17. [Ch.] Sidney Altman18. [PM] Andrew Fire19. [PM] Leland H. Hartwell20. [Ec.] George A. Akerlof21. [Ec.] Joseph E. Stiglitz22. [Ec.] Lawrence R. Klein23. [Ec.] Oliver E. Williamson24. [Ec.] Paul R. Krugman25. [Ec.] Peter A. Diamond26. [Ec.] Robert A. Mundell27. [Ec.] Robert C. Merton28. [Ec.] Robert J. Aumann29. [Ec.] Robert Shiller30. [Pe.] Kofi Annan1. [Ph.] Daniel C. Tsui2. [Ph.] Edward M. Purcell3. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe4. [Ph.] Horst L. Strmer5. [Ph.] Jack Steinberger6. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger7. [Ph.] Luis W. Alvarez8. [Ph.] Nicolaas Bloembergen9. [Ph.] Norman F. Ramsey10. [Ph.] Serge Haroche[11]11. [Ch.] Aaron Ciechanover12. [Ch.] Ada E. Yonath13. [Ch.] Edwin M. McMillan14. [Ch.] Geoffrey Wilkinson15. [Ch.] Isidor Isaac Rabi16. [Ch.] Thomas R. Cech17. [PM] E. Donnall Thomas18. [PM] Mario Capecchi19. [PM] Paul Greengard20. [Ec.] Vernon L. Smith1. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes2. [Ph.] Claude Cohen-Tannoudji3. [Ph.] Clifford Shull4. [Ph.] Frank Wilczek5. [Ph.] Henry W. Kendall[Note 6]6. [Ph.] Jerome I. Friedman7. [Ph.] Samuel C.C. Ting8. [Ph.] Sheldon Lee Glashow9. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg10. [Ph.] Wolfgang Ketterle11. [Ch.] Derek Barton[41]12. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer13. [Ch.] K. Barry Sharpless14. [Ch.] Mario J. Molina15. [Ch.] Richard R. Schrock16. [PM] David Baltimore17. [PM] H. Robert Horvitz18. [PM] Har Gobind Khorana19. [PM] Phillip A. Sharp20. [PM] Salvador E. Luria21. [PM] Susumu Tonegawa22. [Ec.] Amartya Sen23. [Ec.] Daniel L. McFadden24. [Ec.] Edmund Phelps25. [Ec.] Eric S. Maskin26. [Ec.] Franco Modigliani27. [Ec.] James Mirrlees28. [Ec.] John Forbes Nash29. [Ec.] Myron S. Scholes30. [Ec.] Paul A. Samuelson31. [Ec.] Paul R. Krugman32. [Ec.] Peter A. Diamond33. [Ec.] Robert C. Merton34. [Ec.] Robert Engle35. [Ec.] Robert M. Solow36. [Ec.] James E. Rothman37. [Ec.] Lars Peter Hansen[23]38.

University of California, BerkeleyAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of California, Berkeley

70 (official 61)[42]1. [Ph.] Adam Riess2. [Ph.] David Gross3. [Ph.] David J. Wineland4. [Ph.] John C. Mather5. [Ph.] Robert B. Laughlin6. [Ph.] Saul Perlmutter7. [Ph.] Steven Chu8. [Ph.] Owen Chamberlain9. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb10. [Ch.] Alan J. Heeger11. [Ch.] Glenn T. Seaborg12. [Ch.] Harold C. Urey13. [Ch.] Henry Taube14. [Ch.] Kary B. Mullis15. [Ch.] Mario J. Molina16. [Ch.] Robert Curl17. [Ch.] Thomas R. Cech18. [Ch.] Willard F. Libby19. [Ch.] William F. Giauque20. [Ch.] Yuan T. Lee21. [PM] Andrew Fire22. [PM] Carol W. Greider23. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith24. [PM] Joseph Erlanger25. [PM] Selman Waksman26. [Ec.] Daniel Kahneman27. [Ec.] Lawrence R. Klein28. [Ec.] Douglass C. North29. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent30. [Ec.] Thomas Schelling1. [Ph.] Adam Riess2. [Ph.] Felix Bloch3. [Ph.] Jack Steinberger4. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger5. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg6. [Ph.] Tsung-Dao Lee7. [Ch.] Ahmed Zewail8. [Ch.] Geoffrey Wilkinson9. [Ch.] Yuan T. Lee10. [PM] Arthur Kornberg11. [PM] Maurice Wilkins12. [PM] Sydney Brenner13. [PM] Werner Arber14. [Ec.] Amartya Sen15. [Ec.] William F. Sharpe1. [Ph.] Donald A. Glaser2. [Ph.] Emilio Segr3. [Ph.] Ernest O. Lawrence4. [Ph.] George Smoot5. [Ph.] Luis W. Alvarez6. [Ph.] Owen Chamberlain7. [Ph.] Saul Perlmutter8. [Ph.] Otto Stern9. [Ph.] Sheldon Lee Glashow10. [Ch.] Dudley R. Herschbach11. [Ch.] Edwin M. McMillan12. [Ch.] Glenn T. Seaborg13. [Ch.] John H. Northrop14. [Ch.] Melvin Calvin15. [Ch.] Roger Y. Tsien16. [Ch.] Willard F. Libby17. [Ch.] William F. Giauque18. [Ch.] Yuan T. Lee19. [PM] Elizabeth Blackburn20. [PM] Stanley B. Prusiner21. [PM] Randy Schekman22. [Ec.] Daniel Kahneman23. [Ec.] Daniel McFadden24. [Ec.] George A. Akerlof25. [Ec.] Grard Debreu26. [Ec.] Herbert A. Simon27. [Ec.] John C. Harsanyi28. [Ec.] Oliver Williamson29. [Ec.] Peter A. Diamond30. [Ec.] Christopher Sims31. [Li.] Czeslaw Milosz1. [Ph.] Steven Chu2. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes3. [Ch.] Wendell M. Stanley

University of OxfordAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

The University of Oxford's official count does not include affiliates who came to Oxford after receiving their Nobel prize.[43]

59 (official 51)[43]1. [Ph.] Anthony J. Leggett2. [Ph.] Martin Ryle3. [Ch.] Cyril Norman Hinshelwood4. [Ch.] Frederick Soddy5. [Ch.] Dorothy Hodgkin6. [Ch.] John Cornforth7. [Ch.] John E. Walker8. [Ch.] Alexander Todd9. [PM] Baruch S. Blumberg10. [PM] Howard Walter Florey11. [PM] John Carew Eccles12. [PM] John Gurdon[Note 6]13. [PM] John Vane14. [PM] Oliver Smithies15. [PM] Peter Medawar16. [PM] Sydney Brenner17. [Ec.] Gunnar Myrdal18. [Ec.] James Meade19. [Ec.] John Hicks20. [Ec.] Michael Spence21. [Pe.] Aung San Suu Kyi22. [Pe.] Cecil of Chelwood23. [Pe.] Lester B. Pearson24. [Li.] John Galsworthy25. [Li.] T. S. Eliot26. [Li.] V. S. Naipaul27. [Li.] William Golding28. 1. [Ph.] Erwin Schrdinger2. [Ph.] John H. van Vleck3. [Ph.] Klaus von Klitzing4. [Ph.] Norman Ramsey5. [Ch.] Ahmed Zewail6. [Ch.] Linus Pauling7. [Ch.] Paul Crutzen8. [Ch.] Robert Mulliken9. [Ch.] Robert Robinson10. [Ch.] Rudolph A. Marcus11. [Ch.] Stefan Hell[44]12. [PM] Charles Sherrington13. [PM] Ernest Chain14. [PM] George Wells Beadle15. [PM] John Gurdon16. [PM] Nikolaas Tinbergen17. [PM] Paul Nurse18. [PM] Rodney Porter19. [PM] Severo Ochoa20. [Ec.] Amartya Sen21. [Ec.] James Mirrlees22. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz23. [Ec.] Lawrence Klein24. [Ec.] Robert Solow25. [Pe.] Jos Ramos-Horta26. [Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]27. [Li.] Seamus Heaney1. [Ph.] Arthur Compton[45][46]2. [Ph.] Philip Warren Anderson[47]3. [Ph.] William D. Phillips[46]4. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb[48]5. [Ch.] Harold Urey[49][46]6. [Ch.] Melvin Calvin[46]7. [Ec.] Paul Krugman[50]

Stanford UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Stanford University: The official count is 27, but it only includes active or deceased faculty.[51]

59 (official 27)[51]1. [Ph.] Carl E. Wieman2. [Ph.] Eric A. Cornell3. [Ph.] Richard E. Taylor4. [Ch.] K. Barry Sharpless5. [Ch.] Dudley R. Herschbach6. [Ch.] Roger D. Kornberg[Note 6]7. [PM] Randy Schekman8. [Ec.] Alvin E. Roth[Note 6]9. [Ec.] John C. Harsanyi10. [Ec.] Oliver E. Williamson1. [Ph.] Jerome Isaac Friedman2. [Ph.] Kenneth G. Wilson3. [Ph.] Martinus J.G. Veltman4. [PM] Paul Lauterbur5. [Ec.] Douglass North6. [Ec.] Gary Becker7. [Ec.] Grard Debreu8. [Ec.] Milton Friedman9. [Ec.] Tjalling C. Koopmans10. [Li.] John Steinbeck1. [Ph.] Arthur Schawlow2. [Ph.] Burton Richter3. [Ph.] Douglas Osheroff4. [Ph.] Felix Bloch5. [Ph.] Henry W. Kendall6. [Ph.] Martin Perl7. [Ph.] Melvin Schwartz8. [Ph.] Richard E. Taylor9. [Ph.] Robert Hofstadter10. [Ph.] Robert Laughlin11. [Ph.] Serge Haroche[11]12. [Ph.] Sheldon Glashow13. [Ph.] Steven Chu14. [Ph.] Theodor W. Hnsch15. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb Jr.16. [Ch.] Brian Kobilka17. [Ch.] Roger Kornberg[Note 6]18. [Ch.] Michael Levitt19. [Ch.] Henry Taube20. [Ch.] Paul Berg21. [Ch.] Paul Flory22. [Ch.] Robert H. Grubbs23. [PM] Andrew Fire24. [PM] Arthur Kornberg25. [PM] Edward Lawrie Tatum26. [PM] Ferid Murad27. [PM] George Wells Beadle28. [PM] James E. Rothman29. [PM] Thomas C. Sdhof30. [Ec.] A. Michael Spence31. [Ec.] Alvin E. Roth[Note 6]32. [Ec.] Joseph E. Stiglitz33. [Ec.] Myron Scholes34. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent35. [Ec.] Vernon L. Smith36. [Ec.] William F. Sharpe37. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow[Note 6]38. [Ch.] William E. Moerner1. [Ph.] William Shockley2. [Ch.] Linus Pauling[Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]3. [PM] Joshua Lederberg4. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow[Note 6]

Yale UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Yale University Note: Cowles Foundation Nobel laureates only include those on research staff after 1955, when the Foundation moved to Yale; an official list is provided which merely counts winners from 1934 to 2006.

52 (official 25)[52]1. [Ph.] David Lee2. [Ph.] Ernest O. Lawrence3. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann4. [Ph.] Raymond Davis5. [Ch.] Brian Kobilka6. [Ch.] John B. Fenn7. [Ch.] Lars Onsager8. [PM] George Hoyt Whipple9. [PM] Alfred G. Gilman10. [PM] Dickinson W. Richards11. [PM] Eric F. Wieschaus12. [PM] James Rothman13. [PM] John F. Enders14. [PM] Joshua Lederberg15. [Ec.] Edmund Phelps16. [Ec.] George Akerlof17. [Ec.] Paul R. Krugman18. [Ec.] Peter A. Diamond19. [Ec.] William Vickrey20. [Li.] Sinclair Lewis1. [Ch.] Venkatraman Ramakrishnan2. [PM] Elizabeth Blackburn3. [PM] Erwin NeherCowles Foundation:1. [Ec.] Harry M. Markowitz2. [Ec.] Herbert A. Simon3. [Ec.] James Heckman4. [Ec.] John Harsanyi5. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz[Note 6]6. [Ec.] Robert J. Aumann7. [Ec.] Christopher Sims1. [Ph.] Charles K. Kao2. [Ph.] J. J. Thomson3. [Ph.] Serge Haroche[11]4. [Ch.] Irwin Rose5. [Ch.] John B. Fenn6. [Ch.] Lars Onsager7. [Ch.] Sidney Altman8. [Ch.] Thomas A. Steitz9. [PM] Edward Lawrie Tatum10. [PM] George Palade11. [PM] John Vane12. [PM] Paul Greengard13. [PM] James Rothman14. [Ec.] Daniel L. McFadden15. [Ec.] Grard Debreu16. [Ec.] James Tobin17. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz18. [Ec.] Oliver E. Williamson19. [Ec.] Paul R. Krugman20. [Ec.] Thomas Schelling21. [Ec.] Tjalling Koopmans22. [Ec.] Robert Shiller23. [Pe.] Philip Noel-Baker24. [Pe.] Wangari Maathai1. [Ph.] Willis E. Lamb2. [PM] Max Theiler

University of ParisAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Paris's count includes the successor Universities Paris I-XIII.

511. [Ph.] Albert Fert (PhD 1963)2. [Ph.] Alfred Kastler (DSc 1936)3. [Ph.] Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (DSc 1962)4. [Ph.] Gabriel Lippmann (DSc 1875)5. [Ph.] Georges Charpak (DSc 1955)6. [Ph.] Henri Becquerel (DSc 1888)7. [Ph.] Jean Perrin (DSc 1897)8. [Ph.] Louis Nel (MSc 1927)9. [Ph.] Louis de Broglie (DSc 1924)10. [Ph.] Marie Curie(DSc 1903).[Note 6][Ch.] Marie Curie[Note 7]11. [Ph.] Pierre Curie (DSc 1895)12. [Ph.] Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (DSc 1957)13. [Ph.] Serge Haroche (PhD 1967; DSc 1971)14. [Ch.] Frdric Joliot-Curie (DSc 1930)15. [Ch.] Henri Moissan (DSc 1880)16. [Ch.] Irne Joliot-Curie (DSc 1924) [Note 6]17. [Ch.] Paul Sabatier (DSc 1880)18. [PM] Andr Frdric Cournand (MD 1930)19. [PM] Andr Lwoff (MD 1927 DSc 1932)20. [PM] Charles Nicolle (MD 1893)21. [PM] Charles Richet (MD 1877; DSc 1878)22. [PM] Franois Jacob (MD 1947)23. [PM] Franoise Barr-Sinoussi (PhD 1974)24. [PM] Jacques Monod (DSc 1941)25. [PM] Jean Dausset (MD 1945)26. [PM] Luc Montagnier (MD)27. [Ec.] Grard Debreu (DSc 1956)28. [Ec.] Maurice Allais (D.Eng. 1949)29. [Ec.] Jean Tirole (PhD Paris IX 1978)30. [Pe.] Ferdinand Buisson (DLitt 1891)31. [Pe.] Frdric Passy (LLB)32. [Pe.] Louis Renault (DCL)33. [Pe.] Lon Bourgeois (DCL 1876)34. [Pe.] Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant (LLB)35. [Pe.] Ren Cassin (DCL 1914)36. [Li.] Giorgos Seferis (LLB)37. [Li.] Henri Bergson (BA 1880)38. [Li.] Jean-Paul Sartre (BA 1927) (refused the Prize)39. [Li.] Romain Rolland (D Litt 1895)1. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ch.] Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff3. [PM] Jules Bordet4. [PM] Roger Guillemin5. [Pe.] Albert Schweitzer6. [Pe.] Charles Albert Gobat7. [Pe.] Lon Jouhaux8. [Li.] Franois Mauriac9. [Li.] Odysseus Elytis10. [Li.] Roger Martin du Gard11. [Li.] Samuel Beckett12. [Li.] T.S. Eliot13. [Li.] Patrick Modiano1. [Ph.] Albert Fert2. [Ph.] Alfred Kastler3. [Ph.] Gabriel Lippmann4. [Ph.] Jean Perrin5. [Ph.] Louis de Broglie6. [Ch.] Marie Curie.[Note 6][Ph.] Marie Curie[Note 7]7. [Ch.] Henri Moissan8. [Ch.] Irne Joliot-Curie [Note 6]9. [PM] Charles Richet10. [PM] Franois Jacob11. [PM] Jacques Monod12. [PM] Jean Dausset13. [Pe.] Louis Renault1. [Ph.] George Smoot

Georg August University of GttingenAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Georg August University of Gttingen

47 (official 44)[53]1. [Ph.] Hans G. Dehmelt2. [Ph.] Herbert Kroemer3. [Ph.] Maria Goeppert-Mayer4. [Ph.] Max von Laue5. [Ph.] Werner Heisenberg6. [Ch.] Adolf Butenandt7. [Ch.] Irving Langmuir8. [Ch.] Manfred Eigen9. [Ch.] Walter Haworth10. [PM] Max Delbrck11. [PM] Robert Koch12. [PM] lie Metchnikoff13. [PM] Thomas C. Sdhof14. [Pe.] Ludwig Quidde15. [Li.] Rudolf Eucken1. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi2. [Ph.] Gustav Ludwig Hertz3. [Ph.] Paul Dirac4. [Ph.] Robert A. Millikan5. [Ch.] Gerhard Herzberg6. [Ch.] Theodore William Richards7. [Ch.] Thomas A. Steitz8. [PM] Carol Greider9. [PM] Hans Krebs1. [Ph.] Eugene P. Wigner2. [Ph.] James Franck3. [Ph.] Johannes Stark4. [Ph.] Manne Siegbahn5. [Ph.] Max Born6. [Ph.] Max Planck7. [Ph.] Otto Stern8. [Ph.] Patrick Blackett9. [Ph.] Walther Bothe10. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien11. [Ph.] Wolfgang Paul12. [Ph.] Wolfgang Pauli13. [Ch.] Adolf Windaus14. [Ch.] Otto Hahn15. [Ch.] Otto Wallach16. [Ch.] Peter Debye17. [Ch.] Richard Adolf Zsigmondy18. [Ch.] Stefan Hell19. [Ch.] Walther Nernst20. [PM] Bert Sakmann21. [PM] Erwin Neher22. [PM] Paul Ehrlich23. [Pe.] Nathan Sderblom24.

Cornell UniversityMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Cornell UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Cornell University

45 (43 official)[54][55]1. [Ph.] Douglas D. Osheroff2. [Ph.] Isidor Isaac Rabi3. [Ph.] Sheldon Lee Glashow4. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg5. [Ch.] Eric Betzig6. [Ch.] William Moerner7. [PM] Barbara McClintock8. [PM] George Wells Beadle9. [PM] Jack W. Szostak10. [PM] Robert W. Holley11. [Ec.] Robert F. Engle12. [Ec.] Robert Fogel13. [Li.] Pearl S. Buck14. [Li.] Toni Morrison15. [Pe.] John R. Mott1. [PM] Hermann J. Muller1. [Ph.] Robert Coleman Richardson2. [Ph.] Franois Englert3. [Ph.] David Lee4. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe5. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer6. [Ph.] Kenneth G. Wilson7. [Ph.] Pierre-Gilles de Gennes8. [Ph.] Richard P. Feynman9. [Ch.] Henry Taube10. [Ch.] James B. Sumner11. [Ch.] Paul Flory12. [Ch.] Roald Hoffman13. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud14. [PM] Fritz Lipmann15. [PM] Haldan Keffer Hartline16. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser17. [PM] Paul Greengard18. [PM] Peter Medawar19. [PM] Robert F. Furchgott20. [PM] Robert W. Holley21. [Ec.] Amartya Sen22. [Li.] Octavio Paz23. [Li.] Wole Soyinka1. [Ph.] Hannes Alfvn2. [Ch.] Manfred Eigen3. [Ch.] Peter Debye4. [Ch.] Richard R. Ernst5. [PM] Har Gobind Khorana6. [Pe.] Norman Borlaug

University of HeidelbergAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Heidelberg

42 (official 32)[56]1. [Ph.] Albert Michelson2. [Ph.] Heike Kamerlingh Onnes3. [Ph.] James Franck4. [Ph.] Max Born5. [Ph.] Theodor W. Hnsch6. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien7. [Ph.] Wolfgang Ketterle8. [Ch.] Adolf von Baeyer9. [Ch.] Fritz Haber10. [Ch.] Theodore William Richards11. [Ch.] William Ramsay12. [Ch.] Stefan Hell13. [PM] Albrecht Kossel14. [PM] Hans Spemann15. [PM] Otto Fritz Meyerhof16. [PM] Otto Heinrich Warburg17. [Pe.] Auguste Beernaert18. [Pe.] Charles Albert Gobat19. [Li.] Carl Spitteler1. [Ph.] Gabriel Lippmann2. [Ph.] Hans G. Dehmelt3. [Ph.] Heike Kamerlingh Onnes4. [Ph.] James Franck5. [Ph.] Masatoshi Koshiba6. [Ph.] Philipp Lenard7. [Ph.] Rudolf Mssbauer8. [Ph.] Theodor W. Hnsch9. [Ph.] Wolfgang Ketterle10. [Ch.] Stefan Hell11. [PM] Andr Lwoff12. [PM] Christiane Nsslein-Volhard13. [PM] Eric F. Wieschaus14. [PM] Fritz Lipmann15. [PM] George Wald16. [PM] Peter Mansfield17. [PM] Severo Ochoa18. [Pe.] Auguste Beernaert1. [Ph.] J. Hans D. Jensen2. [Ph.] Walther Bothe3. [Ch.] Friedrich Bergius4. [Ch.] Georg Wittig5. [Ch.] Karl Ziegler6. [Ch.] Richard Kuhn7. [Ch.] Stefan Hell8. [PM] Bert Sakmann9. [PM] Fritz Lipmann10. [PM] George Wald11. [PM] Harald zur Hausen12. [PM] Otto Heinrich Warburg1. [Ch.] Carl Bosch2. [Ch.] William Ramsay3. [PM] Hans Spemann4. [PM] Harald zur Hausen

Humboldt UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Humboldt University Berlin

40 (official 29)[57]1. [Ph.] Gustav Ludwig Hertz2. [Ph.] James Franck3. [Ph.] Karl Ferdinand Braun4. [Ph.] Max Planck5. [Ph.] Max von Laue6. [Ph.] Walther Bothe7. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien8. [Ch.] Adolf Windaus9. [Ch.] Adolf von Baeyer10. [Ch.] Fritz Haber11. [Ch.] Kurt Alder12. [Ch.] Otto Wallach13. [Ch.] Walther Nernst14. [Ch.] Hans von Euler-Chelpin15. Paul Heyse16. [PM] Bert Sakmann17. [PM] Fritz Lipmann18. [PM] Hans Krebs19. [PM] Otto Heinrich Warburg20. [PM] Emil Adolf von Behring1. [Ph.] Albert Michelson1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Erwin Schrdinger3. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl4. [Ph.] James Franck5. [Ph.] Max Born6. [Ph.] Max Planck7. [Ph.] Max von Laue8. [Ph.] Walther Bothe9. [Ch.] Adolf Butenandt10. [Ch.] Eduard Buchner11. [Ch.] Hermann Emil Fischer12. [Ch.] Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff13. [Ch.] Otto Diels14. [Ch.] Otto Hahn15. [Ch.] Peter Debye16. [Ch.] Richard Adolf Zsigmondy17. [Ch.] Richard Willsttter18. [PM] Albrecht Kossel19. [PM] Hans Spemann20. [PM] Paul Ehrlich21. [PM] Robert Koch22. [Li.] Theodor Mommsen1. [Ph.] Werner Heisenberg

Princeton UniversityMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Princeton University

37 (official)[58]1. [Ph.] Arthur H. Compton[58]2. [Ph.] Clinton Davisson[58]3. [Ph.] Frank Wilczek[58]4. [Ph.] John Bardeen[Ph.] John Bardeen[Note 7]5. [Ph.] Richard P. Feynman[58]6. [Ph.] Robert Hofstadter[58]7. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg[58]8. [Ch.] Edwin M. McMillan9. [Ch.] Richard E. Smalley10. [Ec.] A. Michael Spence11. [Ec.] Gary S. Becker12. [Ec.] James J. Heckman13. [Ec.] Lloyd Shapley14. [Ec.] John Forbes Nash[59]15. [Li.] Eugene O'Neill[58]1. [Ph.] Arno A. Penzias2. [Ph.] David Gross3. [Ph.] James W. Cronin4. [Ph.] Philip W. Anderson5. [Ch.] Osamu Shimomura6. [Ec.] Eric S. Maskin7. [Pe.] Woodrow Wilson8. [Li.] Eugene O'Neill1. [Ph.] Eugene P. Wigner2. [Ph.] Joseph H. Taylor3. [Ph.] Russell Hulse4. [Ph.] Val L. Fitch5. [PM] Eric F. Wieschaus6. [PM] James E. Rothman7. [Ec.] Sir William Arthur Lewis8. [Ec.] Christopher Sims9. [Ec.] Daniel Kahneman10. [Ec.] Paul R. Krugman11. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent12. [Ec.] John Forbes Nash13. [Li.] Mario Vargas Llosa14. [Li.] Toni Morrison1. [Ph.] Daniel C. Tsui[58]

New York UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

New York University (NYU)

36 (official 4)[60]1. [Ph.] Clifford Shull2. [Ph.] Frederick Reines3. [Ph.] Martin L. Perl (NYU-POLY)4. [PM] Eric R. Kandel5. [PM] George Wald6. [PM] Gertrude B. Elion7. [PM] Julius Axelrod8. [Pe.] Elihu Root9. [Pe.] Mohamed ElBaradei1. [Ch.] Irwin Rose2. [PM] Francis Crick (NYU-POLY)3. [PM] Rosalyn Yalow4. [PM] Arthur Kornberg5. [PM] George Palade6. [Ec.] Friedrich Hayek7. [Ec.] James Heckman1. [Ch.] Robert S. Mulliken2. [Ch.] Rudolph A. Marcus (NYU-POLY)3. [Ch.] Avram Hershko4. [PM] Baruj Benacerraf5. [PM] Severo Ochoa[2]6. [Ec.] Gunnar Myrdal7. [Ec.] Robert Aumann8. [Ec.] Robert F. Engle[2]9. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent[2]10. [Ec.] Tjalling Koopmans11. [Ec.] Edmund Phelps1. [PM] Francis Crick (NYU-POLY)2. [PM] Otto Loewi3. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott4. [Ec.] Paul A. Samuelson5. [Ec.] Wassily Leontief6. [Li.] Joseph Brodsky7. [Li.] Rudolf Eucken8. [Li.] Saul Bellow9. [Li.] Wole Soyinka

Johns Hopkins UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Johns Hopkins University's official count includes those who have had an association with the University, either as graduates of Johns Hopkins or as faculty of the University before, at the time of, or subsequent to their receipt of the prize.[61]

36 (official)[61]1. [Ch.] Peter Agre2. [PM] Francis Peyton Rous3. [PM] George Hoyt Whipple4. [PM] Haldan Keffer Hartline5. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith6. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser7. [PM] Joseph Erlanger8. [PM] Martin Rodbell9. [PM] Paul Greengard10. [PM] Richard Axel11. [PM] Thomas Hunt Morgan12. [Ec.] Merton H. Miller13. [Ec.] Robert W. Fogel14. [Pe.] Jody Williams15. [Pe.] Woodrow Wilson1. [Ph.] Riccardo Giacconi2. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud3. [Ch.] Daniel Shechtman4. [PM] Robert Edwards1. [Ph.] Adam Riess2. [Ph.] Maria Goeppert-Mayer3. [Ph.] Riccardo Giacconi4. [Ch.] Peter Agre[Note 6]5. [Ch.] Daniel Nathans6. [Ch.] Harold C. Urey7. [Ch.] Lars Onsager8. [PM] George Hoyt Whipple9. [PM] Haldan Keffer Hartline10. [PM] Andrew Fire11. [PM] Carol Greider12. [PM] David H. Hubel13. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith14. [PM] Joseph Erlanger15. [PM] Torsten N. Wiesel16. [Ec.] Richard Stone17. [Ec.] Robert H. Mundell18. [Ec.] Simon Kuznets19. [Li.] J.M. Coetzee20. [PM] George Richards Minot1. [Ph.] James Franck2. [Ph.] Riccardo Giacconi3. [Ch.] Christian B. Anfinsen4. [Ch.] Daniel Nathans5. [Ch.] Peter Agre[Note 6]6. [PM] Carol Greider7. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith8. [Pe.] Nicholas Murray Butler

Ludwig Maximilians University of MunichAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich

35 (official 13)[62]1. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ph.] Gustav Ludwig Hertz3. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe4. [Ph.] Johannes Stark5. [Ph.] Max Planck6. [Ph.] Max von Laue7. [Ph.] Werner Heisenberg8. [Ph.] Wolfgang Ketterle9. [Ph.] Wolfgang Pauli10. [Ch.] Eduard Buchner11. [Ch.] Hartmut Michel12. [Ch.] Otto Hahn13. [Ch.] Peter Debye14. [Ch.] Hans Fischer15. [Ch.] Richard Kuhn16. [Ch.] Richard Willsttter17. [Ch.] Heinrich Otto Wieland18. [PM] Bert Sakmann19. [PM] Gnter Blobel20. [PM] Hans Krebs21. [PM] Hans Spemann22. [PM] Konrad Bloch23. [PM] Feodor Lynen24. [PM] Otto Loewi25. [Li.] Thomas Mann1. [PM] Bert Sakmann2. [PM] Karl von Frisch1. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ph.] Max von Laue3. [Ph.] Theodor W. Hnsch4. [Ph.] Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen5. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien6. [Ch.] Eduard Buchner7. [Ch.] Adolf Butenandt8. [Ch.] Adolf von Baeyer9. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer10. [Ch.] Hermann Emil Fischer11. [Ch.] Richard Adolf Zsigmondy12. [PM] Feodor Lynen13. [PM] Karl von Frisch1. [Ph.] Gerd Binnig

California Institute of TechnologyAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

California Institute of Technology

34 (official 33)[63]1. [Ph.] Carl D. Anderson[Note 6]2. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes3. [Ph.] Donald A. Glaser4. [Ph.] Douglas D. Osheroff5. [Ph.] Kenneth G. Wilson6. [Ph.] Leo James Rainwater7. [Ph.] Robert Woodrow Wilson8. [Ph.] William A. Fowler9. [Ph.] William Shockley10. [Ch.] Eric Betzig11. [Ch.] Edwin Mattison McMillan12. [Ch.] Linus Pauling.[Note 6]13. [Ch.] Martin Karplus14. [Ch.] William Lipscomb15. [PM] Edward B. Lewis16. [PM] Howard M. Temin17. [PM] Leland H. Hartwell18. [Ec.] Robert C. Merton19. [Ec.] Vernon L. Smith20. [Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]1. [PM] John Gurdon2. [PM] Robert W. Holley1. [Ph.] Carl D. Anderson[Note 6]2. [Ph.] H. David Politzer3. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann4. [Ph.] Richard P. Feynman5. [Ph.] William A. Fowler[Note 6]6. [Ph.] Robert A. Millikan7. [Ph.] Rudolf Mssbauer8. [Ch.] Ahmed Zewail9. [Ch.] Linus Pauling.[Note 6]10. [Ch.] Robert H. Grubbs11. [Ch.] Rudolph Marcus12. [PM] George Wells Beadle13. [PM] Max Delbrck14. [PM] Edward B. Lewis[Note 6]15. [PM] Roger W. Sperry16. [PM] Thomas Hunt Morgan17. [Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]1. [PM] David Baltimore2. [PM] Renato Dulbecco

University College LondonMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with University College LondonAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University College London

32 (official 29)[64]1. [Ph.] Charles K. Kao2. [PM] Francis Crick3. [PM] Martin Evans4. [Ec.] Trygve Haavelmo5. [PM] Bernard Katz6. [Ch.] Jaroslav Heyrovsk7. [Ph.] Owen Richardson1. [Ph.] Frederick Soddy2. [Ch.] Otto Hahn3. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud4. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser5. [PM] Bert Sakmann6. [PM] Corneille Heymans7. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins8. [PM] Henry Dale9. [Li.] Rabindranath Tagore10. [PM] Otto Loewi11. [PM] Ulf von Euler12. [PM] May-Britt Moser13. [PM] Edvard Moser1. [Ch.] Robert Robinson2. [Ch.] William Ramsay3. [PM] Andrew Huxley4. [PM] Archibald Hill5. [PM] James W. Black6. [PM] Peter Medawar7. [PM] Bernard Katz8. [Ph.] Peter Higgs9. [PM] John O'Keefe1. [Ph.] William Bragg2. [Ch.] George Porter3. [Ec.] James Heckman4. [PM] James E. Rothman

ETH ZurichAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

ETH Zurich

31 (official 29)[65][66]1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Charles-Edouard Guillaume3. [Ph.] Felix Bloch4. [Ph.] Georg Bednorz5. [Ph.] Gerd Binnig6. [Ph.] Heinrich Rohrer7. [Ph.] K. Alex Mller8. [Ph.] Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen9. [Ch.] Fritz Haber10. [Ch.] Richard R. Ernst11. [PM] Tadeus Reichstein12. [PM] Werner Arber1. [Ph.] Max Born2. [Ph.] Nils Gustaf Daln3. [Ch.] Artturi Ilmari Virtanen4. [Ch.] George de Hevesy5. [Ch.] Jean-Marie Lehn6. [Ch.] Lars Onsager7. [Ch.] Richard F. Heck8. [PM] Har Gobind Khorana9. [PM] Konrad E. Bloch10. [PM] Max Delbrck1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Otto Stern3. [Ph.] Wolfgang Pauli4. [Ch.] Leopold Ruika[2]5. [Ch.] Peter Debye6. [Ch.] Richard Kuhn7. [Ch.] Richard R. Ernst[2]8. [Ch.] Vladimir Prelog[2]9. [Ch.] Alfred Werner10. [Ch.] Kurt Wthrich[2]11. [Ch.] Richard Willsttter12.

University of PennsylvaniaMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of PennsylvaniaAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Pennsylvania

29 (official 28)[67]1. [Ph.] George E. Smith2. [Ch.] Ahmed Zewail3. [Ch.] Christian B. Anfinsen4. [Ch.] Ei-ichi Negishi5. [PM] Gerald Edelman[Note 6]6. [PM] Michael S. Brown7. [PM] Stanley Prusiner1. [Ch.] Hideki Shirakawa2. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud1. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer2. [Ph.] Raymond Davis3. [Ph.] Robert Hofstadter4. [Ch.] Alan J. Heeger5. [Ch.] Alan MacDiarmid6. [Ch.] Christian B. Anfinsen7. [Ch.] Irwin Rose8. [Ch.] Richard Kuhn9. [PM] Haldan Keffer Hartline10. [PM] Gerald Edelman[Note 6]11. [PM] Harald zur Hausen12. [PM] Ragnar Granit13. [Ec.] Edmund S. Phelps14. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott15. [Ec.] Oliver E. Williamson16. [Ec.] Robert A. Mundell17. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent18. [PM] Baruch Blumberg1. [PM] Otto Fritz Meyerhof2. [Ec.] Lawrence Klein3. [Ec.] Simon Kuznets

University of ManchesterAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Manchester

25 (official 21)[68]1. [Ph.] Charles Wilson2. [Ph.] J. J. Thomson3. [Ph.] James Chadwick4. [Ch.] Arthur Harden5. [Ch.] John Polanyi6. [Ch.] Michael Smith7. [Ch.] Robert Robinson8. [Ch.] Walter Haworth1. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe2. [Ph.] John Cockcroft3. [Ph.] Niels Bohr4. [Ch.] George de Hevesy5. [Ch.] Melvin Calvin1. [Ph.] Andre Geim2. [Ph.] Konstantin Novoselov3. [Ph.] Nevill Mott4. [Ph.] Patrick M. S. Blackett5. [Ch.] Alexander Todd6. [Ch.] Ernest Rutherford7. [PM] Archibald Hill8. [Ec.] Arthur Lewis9. [Ec.] John Hicks1. [Ph.] William Lawrence Bragg2. [PM] John E. Sulston3. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz

University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaignAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

24 (official)[69]1. [Ph.] Jack Kilby2. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer3. [Ph.] Polykarp Kusch4. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud5. [Ch.] Wendell M. Stanley6. [PM] Edward Adelbert Doisy7. [PM] Edwin G. Krebs8. [PM] Phillip A. Sharp9. [PM] Robert W. Holley10. [PM] Rosalyn Yalow1. [Ph.] Brian David Josephson2. [Ph.] Leon Neil Cooper3. [Ph.] Murray Gell-Mann4. [Ch.] Martin Karplus5. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith6. [PM] Peter Mansfield7. [Ec.] Alvin E. Roth1. [Ph.] Anthony J. Leggett2. [Ph.] John Bardeen[Note 7]3. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer4. [Ch.] Elias Corey5. [Ch.] Rudolph Marcus6. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud7. [PM] Paul Lauterbur8. [PM] Salvador E. Luria9. [Ec.] Franco Modigliani10. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz11.

Rockefeller UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Rockefeller University

24 (official)[70]1. [PM] David Baltimore2. [PM] Gerald Edelman1. [PM] Karl Landsteiner2. [Ch.] John Howard Northrop3. [Ch.] Stanford Moore4. [Ch.] Wendell M. Stanley5. [Ch.] William H. Stein6. [PM] Haldan Keffer Hartline7. [PM] Alexis Carrel8. [PM] David Baltimore9. [PM] Edward Lawrie Tatum10. [PM] Fritz Lipmann11. [PM] George Palade12. [PM] Gerald Edelman13. [PM] Gnter Blobel14. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser15. [PM] Joshua Lederberg16. [PM] Paul Greengard17. [PM] Torsten N. Wiesel18. [PM] Albert Claude19. [PM] Christian de Duve20. [PM] Francis Peyton Rous21. [Ch.] Bruce Merrifield22. [PM] Ralph M. Steinman23. [Ch.] Roderick MacKinnon1. [PM] Paul Nurse2.

University of MinnesotaAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Minnesota

231. [Ph.] Ernest O. Lawrence2. [Ph.] Walter H. Brattain3. [Ch.] Melvin Calvin4. [PM] Edward B. Lewis5. [PM] Louis J. Ignarro6. [Ec.] Daniel McFadden7. [Ec.] Lars Peter Hansen8. [Pe.] Norman Borlaug9. 1. [Ph.] Arthur Holly Compton2. [Ph.] John Bardeen[Ph.] John Bardeen[Note 7]3. [Ph.] John H. van Vleck4. [Ch.] Paul D. Boyer5. [Ch.] William Lipscomb6. [PM] Edward C. Kendall7. [PM] Philip S. Hench8. [Ec.] Christopher Sims9. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott10. [Ec.] George J. Stigler11. [Ec.] Milton Friedman12. [Ec.] Thomas J. Sargent13. [Ec.] Robert J. Shiller[8]14. [Li.] Saul Bellow1. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz

Washington University in St. LouisMain article: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. LouisWashington University in St. Louis

Affiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

23 (official)[71]1. [Ch.] Daniel Nathans2. [PM] Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.3. [PM] Edwin G. Krebs4. [Ch.] William E. Moerner1. [Ph.] Arthur Holly Compton2. [Ch.] Aaron Ciechanover3. [Ch.] Daniel Nathans4. [Ch.] Paul Berg5. [PM] Alfred Hershey6. [PM] Arthur Kornberg7. [PM] Edward Adelbert Doisy8. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith9. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser10. [PM] Joseph Erlanger11. [PM] Robert F. Furchgott12. [PM] Severo Ochoa13. [PM] Stanley Cohen14. [Ec.] Douglass C. North15. [PM] Carl Ferdinand Cori16. [PM] Christian de Duve17. [PM] Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.18. [PM] Edwin G. Krebs19. [PM] George D. Snell20. [PM] Gerty Cori21. [Ch.] Luis Federico Leloir22. [PM] Rita Levi Montalcini23.

University of MichiganAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Michigan

221. [Ph.] David Politzer2. [Ph.] Samuel C.C. Ting3. [Ch.] Jerome Karle4. [Ch.] Richard Smalley5. [PM] Marshall Warren Nirenberg6. [PM] Stanley Cohen7. [PM] Thomas Huckle Weller8. [Ec.] Robert J. Shiller9. 1. [Ph.] Carl E. Wieman2. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes3. [Ph.] Donald A. Glaser4. [Ph.] Martin L. Perl5. [Ph.] Martinus J.G. Veltman6. [Ph.] Norman F. Ramsey7. [Ph.] Wolfgang Pauli8. [PM] Charles Brenton Huggins9. [PM] Francis Peyton Rous10. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith11. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz12. [Ec.] Lawrence R. Klein13. [Li.] Joseph Brodsky

1. [Li.] Czesaw Miosz

Carnegie Mellon UniversityAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Carnegie Mellon University

21 (19 official)[72]1. [Ph.] Clifford Shull2. [Ph.] John L. Hall3. [Ec.] Dale T. Mortensen4. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott5. [Ec.] Finn E. Kydland6. [Ec.] John Forbes Nash7. [Ec.] Oliver Eaton Williamson1. [Ch.] Ada Yonath2. [Ch.] Paul Flory3. [PM] Paul Lauterbur1. [Pe.] Edward Rubin2. [Ph.] Clinton Davisson3. [Ph.] Otto Stern[2]4. [Ch.] John Pople5. [Ch.] Walter Kohn6. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott7. [Ec.] Finn E. Kydland8. [Ec.] Franco Modigliani9. [Ec.] Herbert A. Simon10. [Ec.] Merton Miller11. [Ec.] Robert Lucas, Jr.12. [Ec.] Lars Peter Hansen13.

University of ZurichAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Zurich

21 (official 12)[73][74]1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen3. [Ch.] Paul Karrer4. [PM] Walter Rudolf Hess5. [Li.] Carl Spitteler6. [Li.] Theodor Mommsen7. [Ch.] Alfred Werner1. [Ph.] Charles-Edouard Guillaume2. [Ph.] Karl Landsteiner3. [Ch.] Linus Pauling[Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]4. [Ch.] Walther Nernst5. [PM] Emil Theodor Kocher6. [PM] Eric F. Wieschaus7. [PM] George Wald8. [PM] Hamilton O. Smith1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Erwin Schrdinger3. [Ph.] K. Alex Mller4. [Ph.] Max von Laue5. [Ch.] Leopold Ruika6. [Ch.] Paul Karrer7. [Ch.] Peter Debye8. [PM] Rolf Zinkernagel9. [PM] Walter Rudolf Hess10. [Ch.] Alfred Werner11.

University of California, San DiegoAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of California, San Diego[75][76][77]

211. [PM] Bruce Beutler2. [PM] Susumu Tonegawa1. [Ch.] Venkatraman Ramakrishnan1. [Ph.] Hannes Alfvn2. [Ph.] Maria Goeppert-Mayer3. [Ch.] Harold Urey4. [Ch.] Linus Pauling[Pe.] Linus Pauling[Note 7]5. [Ch.] Mario Molina6. [Ch.] Paul Crutzen7. [Ch.] Roger Tsien8. [Ch.] Walter Kohn9. [Ch.] William Moerner10. [PM] Francis Crick11. [PM] George Palade12. [PM] Renato Dulbecco13. [PM] Robert W. Holley14. [PM] Roger Guillemin15. [PM] Sydney Brenner16. [Ec.] Clive Granger17. [Ec.] Harry Markowitz18. [Ec.] Robert Engle19.

University of EdinburghAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Edinburgh

201. [PM] Robert G. Edwards2. [Ec.] James Mirrlees3. [PM] Peter C. Doherty1. [Ph.] Igor Tamm2. [Ch.] Vincent du Vigneaud3. [PM] Paul Nurse4. [PM] Randy Schekman5. [PM] Edvard Moser6. [PM] May-Britt Moser1. [Ph.] Charles Barkla[2]2. [Ph.] Edward Appleton3. [Ph.] Max Born[2]4. [Ph.] Peter Higgs5. [PM] Hermann J. Muller6. [Li.] Winston Churchill7. [Li.] Joseph Rotblat8. [Ch.] Alexander Robertus Todd9. [Ch.] Kurt Wthrich10. [Ch.] Peter Mitchell1. [PM] Alexander Fleming

Technical University of MunichAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

Technical University of Munich

201. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ph.] Wolfgang Ketterle3. [Ph.] Rudolf Mssbauer4. [Ph.] Wolfgang Paul5. [Ph.] Ernst Ruska6. [Ch.] Johann Deisenhofer7. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer8. [Ch.] Robert Huber9. [PM] Erwin Neher10. [PM] Konrad E. Bloch11. [Li.] Thomas Mann1. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ph.] Rudolf Mssbauer[Note 6]3. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer4. [Ch.] Johann Deisenhofer1. [Ph.] Gerhard Ertl2. [Ph.] Klaus von Klitzing3. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer4. [Ch.] Heinrich Otto Wieland5. [Ch.] Hans Fischer1. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer2. [Ph.] Rudolf Mssbauer[Note 6]3. [Ch.] Hans Fischer4. [Ch.] Richard Robert Ernst5. [Ch.] Ernst Otto Fischer6. [Ch.] Ryoji Noyori7. [Ch.] K. Barry Sharpless8. [PM] Feodor Lynen

Other universitiesAffiliations [Note 1]Graduate [Note 2]Attendee or Researcher [Note 3]Academic staff before or at the time of award [Note 4]Academic staff after award [Note 5]

University of Freiburg[78]

19 (official 10)1. [Ph.] J. Hans D. Jensen2. [Ch.] Adolf Windaus3. [Ch.] George de Hevesy4. [Ch.] Mario Molina5. [PM] Georges J. F. Khler6. [PM] Hans Adolf Krebs1. [PM] Bert Sakmann2. [PM] Christiane Nsslein-Volhard3. [PM] Otto Fritz Meyerhof4. [PM] Otto Heinrich Warburg5. [PM] Paul Ehrlich6. [PM] Philip S. Hench7. [PM] Robert Brny1. [Ch.] Adolf Windaus2. [Ch.] Georg Wittig3. [Ch.] George de Hevesy4. [Ch.] Heinrich Otto Wieland5. [Ch.] Hermann Staudinger6. [PM] Georges J. F. Khler7. [PM] Hans Adolf Krebs8. [PM] Hans Spemann9. [PM] Harald zur Hausen10. [Ec.] Friedrich August von Hayek11.

University of WisconsinMadison

191. [Ph.] John Bardeen[Note 7]2. [Ph.] John H. van Vleck3. [Ch.] Paul D. Boyer4. [Ch.] Stanford Moore5. [PM] Edward Lawrie Tatum6. [PM] Erwin Neher7. [PM] Gnter Blobel8. [PM] Herbert Spencer Gasser9. [Ec.] Theodore Schultz10. [Pe.] Ellen Johnson Sirleaf11. [Ch.] Alan MacDiarmid12. 1. [Ph.] Eugene P. Wigner2. [PM] Har Gobind Khorana3. [PM] Howard M. Temin4. [PM] Joseph Erlanger5. [PM] Joshua Lederberg6. [PM] Oliver Smithies7.

London School of Economics and Political Science[79]

171. [Ec.] Christopher A. Pissarides2. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz3. [Ec.] Ronald Coase4. [Ec.] Sir William Arthur Lewis5. [Pe.] scar Arias1. [Ec.] Robert Mundell2. [Pe.] Ralph Bunche1. [Ec.] Amartya Sen2. [Ec.] Christopher A. Pissarides3. [Ec.] Friedrich von Hayek4. [Ec.] George Akerlof5. [Ec.] James Meade6. [Ec.] Merton Miller7. [Ec.] Paul Krugman8. [Ec.] Sir John Hicks9. [Pe.] Philip Noel-Baker10. [Li.] Bertrand Russell11. [Li.] George Bernard Shaw12.

Imperial College London[80]

151. [Ch.] Derek Barton2. [Ch.] Geoffrey Wilkinson3. [PM] Alexander Fleming1. [Ph.] Peter Higgs [81]2. [Ch.] Walter Haworth3. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins1. [Ph.] Abdus Salam2. [Ph.] Dennis Gabor3. [Ph.] George Thomson4. [Ch.] Derek Barton5. [Ch.] Geoffrey Wilkinson6. [PM] Alexander Fleming7. [PM] Rodney Porter1. [Ph.] Patrick M. S. Blackett2. [Ch.] Cyril Hinshelwood3. [Ch.] George Porter4. [PM] Andrew Huxley5. [PM] Ernest Chain

Case Western Reserve University

161. [Ph.] Donald A. Glaser2. [Ph.] Polykarp Kusch3. [Ch.] Paul Berg4. [PM] Alfred G. Gilman5. [PM] Ferid Murad6. [PM] Paul Lauterbur7. [Ec.] Edward C. Prescott1. [Ch.] Peter Agre1. [Ph.] Albert Abraham Michelson2. [Ph.] Frederick Reines3. [Ch.] George Andrew Olah4. [PM] Corneille Heymans5. [PM] Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.6. [PM] Frederick Chapman Robbins7. [PM] George H. Hitchings8. [PM] John James Richard Macleod9.

Leiden University[82]

161. [Ph.] Nicolaas Bloembergen2. [Ph.] Pieter Zeeman3. [Ch.] Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff4. [Ec.] Tjalling Koopmans5. [Pe.] Tobias Asser6. [Pe.] Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart7. [Ec.] Jan Tinbergen8. [Ph.] J.D. van der Waals9. [PM] Niko Tinbergen1. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi2. [Ph.] Igor Tamm1. [Ph.] Albert Einstein2. [Ph.] Heike Kamerlingh Onnes3. [Ph.] Hendrik A. Lorentz4. [PM] Albert Szent-Gyrgyi5. [PM] Willem Einthoven[2]6.

University of Vienna

151. [Ph.] Erwin Schrdinger2. [Ph.] Karl Landsteiner3. [PM] Konrad Lorenz4. [PM] Robert Brny5. [Ec.] Friedrich Hayek6. 1. [Ph.] Karl Landsteiner2. [Ph.] Victor Francis Hess3. [Ch.] Hans Fischer4. [PM] Julius Wagner-Jauregg5. [PM] Otto Loewi6.

Uppsala University

151. [Pe.] Nathan Sderblom2. [Li.] Erik Axel Karlfeldt3. [Pe.] Alva Myrdal4. [Ch.] Arne Tiselius5. Dag Hammarskjld6. [Ph.] Hannes Alfvn7. [Ch.] Svante Arrhenius8. Theodor Svedberg9. 1. [Ph.] Kai Siegbahn2. [Ph.] Manne Siegbahn3. [PM] Robert Brny4. [Li.] Pr Lagerkvist5. Allvar Gullstrand6. [Pe.] Hjalmar Branting7. [PM] Hugo Theorell8.

University of California, Los Angeles

15 (official 13)[83]1. [Ch.] Bruce Merrifield2. [Ch.] Glenn T. Seaborg3. [Ch.] Richard Heck4. [Ec.] Elinor Ostrom5. [Ec.] William Sharpe6. [Pe.] Ralph Bunche7. [PM] Randy Schekman8. 1. [Ch.] Donald Cram2. [Ch.] Paul D. Boyer3. [Ch.] Willard Libby4. [PM] Louis Ignarro5. [Ec.] Lloyd Shapley6. [Li.] Bertrand Russell7. [Pe.] Al Gore1. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger

University of Frankfurt

141. [Ph.] Gerd Binnig2. [Ph.] Hans Albrecht Bethe3. [Ph.] Horst Ludwig Strmer4. [Ch.] Alexander Robertus Todd5. [PM] Christiane Nsslein-Volhard6. [PM] Gnter Blobel7. [Ec.] Reinhard Selten8. 1. [Ph.] Max Born2. [Ph.] Max von Laue[84]3. [Ph.] Otto Stern4. [Ch.] Hartmut Michel5. [Ch.] Karl Ziegler6. [Ch.] Paul Karrer7. [PM] Paul Ehrlich8.

University of Wrzburg

14[85]1. [Ph.] Karl Landsteiner2. [Ph.] Klaus von Klitzing3. [Ch.] Hartmut Michel4. [Ch.] Walther Nernst5. [PM] Harald zur Hausen6. [Ph.] Karl Ferdinand Braun7. [Ch.] Svante Arrhenius1. [Ph.] Wilhelm Wien2. [Ch.] Hermann Emil Fischer3. [PM] Hans Spemann4. [Ph.] Wilhelm Rntgen1. [Ph.] Johannes Stark2. [Ph.] Max von Laue3. [Ch.] Eduard Buchner

cole Normale Suprieure

141. [Ph.] Albert Fert2. [Ph.] Alfred Kastler3. [Ph.] Claude Cohen-Tannoudji4. [Ph.] Gabriel Lippmann5. [Ph.] Louis Nel6. [Ph.] Pierre-Gilles de Gennes7. [Ch.] Paul Sabatier8. [Ec.] Grard Debreu9. [Li.] Henri Bergson10. [Li.] Jean-Paul Sartre11. [Li.] Romain Rolland12. [Ph.] Jean Perrin1. [Ph.] Serge Haroche2. [Li.] Samuel Beckett3. 1. [Ph.] Nicolaas Bloembergen

University of Copenhagen

131. [Ph.] Aage Bohr2. [Ph.] Niels Bohr3. [PM] August Krogh4. [Ch.] Jens Christian Schou5. [PM] Johannes Fibiger6. [PM] Niels Kaj Jerne7. [PM] Niels Ryberg Finsen1. [Ph.] Ben Roy Mottelson2. [Li.] Johannes Vilhelm Jensen1. [Ph.] Aage Bohr2. [Ph.] Niels Bohr[2]3. [Ch.] George de Hevesy4. [Ch.] Walter Kohn5. [Ec.] Bertil Ohlin6. [PM] August Krogh[2]7. [PM] Henrik Dam8. [PM] Johannes Fibiger[2]9. [PM] Niels Ryberg Finsen10.

City University of New York[86]

131. [Ph.] Leon M. Lederman2. [Ph.] Robert Hofstadter3. [Ch.] Jerome Karle4. [PM] Arthur Kornberg5. [PM] Julius Axelrod6. [PM] Stanley Cohen7. [Ec.] Robert J. Aumann8. [Ec.] Kenneth J. Arrow9. [Pe.] Henry Kissinger10. [Ph.] Arno A. Penzias11. [Ch.] Herbert A. Hauptman12. [PM] Gertrude B. Elion13. [PM] Rosalyn Yalow14. [PM] John O'Keefe15. 1. [Ec.] Harry M. Markowitz[2]2.

King's College London[87]

121. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins2. [PM] Max Theiler3. [Pe.] Desmond Tutu4. [Ph.] Peter Higgs5. [Ch.] Michael Levitt6. 1. [Ph.] Charles Barkla2. [Ph.] Edward Appleton3. [Ph.] Owen Richardson4. [PM] Charles Scott Sherrington5. [PM] Frederick Gowland Hopkins6. [PM] James W. Black7. [PM] Maurice Wilkins8. [Li.] Mario Vargas Llosa1. [Pe.] Desmond Tutu

Duke University (Excludes laureates who gave lectures as distinguished speakers.)

121. [Ph.] Charles H. Townes2. [Ph.] Robert Coleman Richardson1. [Ph.] Hans G. Dehmelt2. [Ch.] Brian Kobilka1. [Ch.] Robert J. Lefkowitz2. [Ec.] Joseph Stiglitz3. [PM] George H. Hitchings4. [PM] Gertrude B. Elion1. [Ch.] Peter Agre2. [Li.] Wole Soyinka

University of Washington

121. [PM] Martin Rodbell2. [PM] Linda B. Buck3. [Ec.] George Stigler4. [PM] George H. Hitchings1. [Ph.] David J. Wineland1. [Ph.] Hans G. Dehmelt2. [PM] Leland H. Hartwell3. [PM] Edmond H. Fischer4. [PM] Edwin G. Krebs5. [PM] Linda B. Buck6. [Ec.] Douglass North7. [Ec.] William F. Sharpe1. [PM] E. Donnall Thomas

McGill University

121. [Ch.] Rudolph Marcus2. [PM] Jack W. Szostak3. [PM] Ralph M. Steinman4. [PM] Andrew Schally5. [PM] David H. Hubel6. [Ph.] Val L. Fitch7. [Ph.] Willard Boyle8. [PM] John O'Keefe1. [Ph.] Frederick Soddy2. [Ch.] Otto Hahn1. [Ch.] Ernest Rutherford2. [Ec.] Robert Mundell3.

University of Geneva[73]

111. [PM] Daniel Bovet2. [Pe.] Kofi Annan3. [PM] Edmond H. Fischer4. [Pe.] Norman Angell1. [PM] Werner Arber1. [Ch.] Alan J. Heeger2. [PM] Martin Rodbell3. [PM] Niels Kaj Jerne4. [Ec.] Gunnar Myrdal5. [Ec.] Maurice Allais6. [PM] Edmond H. Fischer7.

Purdue University[88]

111. [Ph.] Ben Roy Mottelson2. [Ph.] Edward Mills Purcell1. [Ch.] Akira Suzuki2. [Ch.] John B. Fenn1. [Ph.] Clinton Davisson2. [Ph.] Julian Schwinger3. [Ph.] Wolfgang Pauli4. [Ch.] Ei-ichi Negishi5. [Ch.] Herbert C. Brown6. [PM] Arvid Carlsson7. [Ec.] Vernon L. Smith8.

University of Utrecht[89]

111. [Ph.] Gerardus 't Hooft[Note 6]2. [Ph.] Martinus J.G. Veltman[Note 6]3. [Ph.] Nicolaas Bloembergen4. [Ch.] Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff5. [PM] Willem Einthoven6. [Ec.] Tjalling C. Koopmans[Note 6]1. [Ph.] Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen2. [Ch.] Leopold Ruika3. [Ec.] Tjalling C. Koopmans[Note 6]4. [Ch.] Peter Debye1. [Ph.] Gerardus 't Hooft[Note 6]2. [Ph.] Martinus J.G. Veltman[Note 6]3. [Ch.] Paul Crutzen4. [PM] Christiaan Eijkman5.

Moscow State University[90]

111. [Ph.] Igor Tamm2. [Ph.] Ilya Frank3. [Ph.] Vitaly Ginzburg4. [Ph.] Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov5. [Li.] Boris Pasternak6. [Pe.] Andrei Sakharov7. 1. [Ph.] Lev Landau2. [Ph.] Alexander Prokhorov3. [Ph.] Pyotr Kapitsa4. [Ch.] Nikolay Semyonov|5. [Pe.] Mikhail Gorbachev1. [Ch.] Ilya Prigogine

cole Polytechnique

101. [Ph.] Henri Becquerel2. [Ec.] Maurice Allais3. [Li.] Sully Prudhomme1. [Ph.] Albert Michelson1. [Ph.] Georges Charpak2. [Ph.] Pierre-Gilles de Gennes3.

University of California, Santa Barbara

10 (official 6)[91]1. [PM] Carol Greider1. [Ec.] Edward Prescott1. [Ph.] David Gross2. [Ph.] Frank Wilczek3. [Ph.] Herbert Kroemer4. [Ph.] Shuji Nakamura5. [Ch.] Alan Heeger6. [Ch.] Walter Kohn7. [Ec.] Finn Kydland1. [Ph.] John Robert Schrieffer

University of Colorado

101. [Ch.] Sidney Altman2. [Pe.] Ellen Johnson Sirleaf1. [PM] Craig C. Mello1. [Ph.] Carl E. Wieman2. [Ph.] David J. Wineland3. [Ph.] Herbert Kroemer4. [Ph.] John L. Hall5. [Ch.] Thomas R. Cech6. [PM] Stanley Cohen7. [Ph.] Eric A. Cornell8. [Ph.] Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.9.

University of Toronto

101. [Ph.] Arthur Leonard Schawlow2. [Ph.] Bertram Brockhouse3. [Ch.] Walter Kohn4. [PM] Frederick Banting5. [Ec.] A. Michael Spence6. [Pe.] Lester B. Pearson7. [Pe.] James Orbinski8. 1. [Ch.] John Charles Polanyi2. [PM] Frederick Banting3. [PM] John James Richard Macleod4. [PM] Oliver Smithies5. [Pe.] Lester B. Pearson6. [Pe.] James Orbinski7.

Kyoto University

101. [Ph.] Hideki Yukawa2. [Ch.] Ryoji Noyori3. [PM] Susumu Tonegawa4. [Ch.] Kenichi Fukui5. [Ph.] Sin-Itiro Tomonaga6. [Ph.] Isamu Akasaki1. [Pe.] Aung San Suu Kyi1. [Ph.] Makoto Kobayashi2. [Ph.] Toshihide Maskawa3. [Ph.] Hideki Yukawa4. [PM] Shinya Yamanaka5. [Ch.] Kenichi Fukui6.

University of Rome "La Sapienza"

91. [Ph.] Emilio G. Segr2. [Ec.] Franco Modigliani1. [PM] Salvador E. Luria2. [Li.] Luigi Pirandello3. [Li.] Salvatore Quasimodo1. [Ph.] Carlo Rubbia2. [Ph.] Enrico Fermi3. [Ch.] Giulio Natta1. [Ph.] Emilio G. Segr2. [PM] Daniel Bovet

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

91. [Ph.] Andre Geim2. [Ph.] Konstantin Novoselov3. 1. [Ph.] Aleksandr Prokhorov2. [Ph.] Alexei Abrikosov3. [Ph.] Igor Tamm4. [Ph.] Lev Landau5. [Ph.] Pyotr Kapitsa6. [Ph.] Vitaly Ginzburg7. [Ch.] Nikolay Semyonov8.

Northwestern University

91. [Li.] Saul Bellow2. [PM] Robert F. Furchgott3. [Ec.] George Stigler1. [Pe.] Ralph Bunche1. [Ch.] John Pople2. [Ec.] Leonid Hurwicz3. [Ec.] Dale Mortensen4. [Ec.] Roger Myerson5. [Ec.] Edward Prescott6.

University of Basel[73]

91. [PM] Rolf Zinkernagel2. [Pe.] Charles Albert Gobat3. [Li.] Carl Spitteler4. [Ch.] Kurt Wthrich5. [PM] Paul Hermann Mller1. [Ch.] Sune Bergstrm2. [PM] Eric F. Wieschaus1. [PM] Tadeus Reichstein2. [PM] Werner Arber3.

University of Texas at Austin

91. [PM] E. Donnall Thomas2. [Li.] John Maxwell Coetzee1. [PM] Hermann J. Muller2. [Ec.] Finn E. Kydland[92]3. [PM] George Davis Snell1. [Ch.] Ilya Prigogine[93]1. [Ph.] Steven Weinberg[94]2. [Ec.] Gunnar Myrdal[95]3. [Pe.] Alva Myrdal[95]

Eberhard Karls University of Tbingen

91. [Ph.] Karl Ferdinand Braun2. [Ch.] Adolf Butenandt3. [Ch.] Eduard Buchner4. [Ch.] Georg Wittig5. [Ch.] Hartmut Michel6. [Ch.] William Ramsay7. [PM] Bert Sakmann8. [PM] Gnter Blobel9. 1. [PM] Christiane Nsslein-Volhard2.

University of Graz

91. [Ph.] Victor Francis Hess2. [Ch.] Walther Nernst3. [Li.] Ivo Andric4. 1. [Ph.] Erwin Schrdinger2. [Ph.] Victor Francis Hess3. [Ch.] Fritz Pregl4. [PM] Gerty Cori5. [PM] Julius Wagner-Jauregg6. [PM] Karl von Frisch7. [PM] Otto Loewi8.

Boston University

81. [Pe.] Martin Luther King, Jr.1. [Ph.] Sheldon Lee Glashow2. [Pe.] scar Aria