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No, it is not “All about story.” Prof. Tom Johnson Institute for Analytic Journalism Santa Fe, New Mexico USA t o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m Natal Witness Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 5 September 2006

No, it is not “All about story.”

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Natal Witness Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 5 September 2006. No, it is not “All about story.”. Prof. Tom Johnson Institute for Analytic Journalism Santa Fe, New Mexico USA t o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m. Natal Witness Durban, South Africa 5 September 2006. And or & or +. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: No, it is  not “All about story.”

No, it is not “All about story.”

Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism

Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m

Natal WitnessPietermaritzburg, South Africa

5 September 2006

Page 2: No, it is  not “All about story.”

AndAnd or && or ++

Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism

Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m

Natal WitnessDurban, South Africa

5 September 2006

Page 3: No, it is  not “All about story.”

3 ______________________

Journalism is…

“The central purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with accurate and reliable information they need to function in a free society.'‘ —Bill Kovach

Committee of Concerned Journalists

Page 4: No, it is  not “All about story.”

4 ______________________

What journalists do

The job of journalists is "to monitor the centres of power."                                                                                        Israeli

journalist  Amira Hass

Page 5: No, it is  not “All about story.”

5 ______________________

Today’s objectives

Discuss journalism (and journalists) as a species existing in the Datasphere

Review the changes in the information environment

Suggest steps journalism can (Should? Must?) take to adapt to those changes if we are to survive

Suggest the possible disappearance of the species journalist serioso

Page 6: No, it is  not “All about story.”

6 ______________________

The New Datasphere extends the Old

Most canons of journalism stand fast (Though there are some new issues for ethics and law)

The challenge today is not the old, but the addition of the new

Page 7: No, it is  not “All about story.”

7 ______________________

Journalists, et al., in Datasphere

Changing Datasphere:

DataIn Analysis Info

Out

MetabolismLatent EnergyIn

EnergyOut

Species in Biosphere:

Page 8: No, it is  not “All about story.”

8 ______________________

Basic Information Theory =Process of Journalism

Data In

InfoOut

InterviewsText docsClipsPicturesInfographics

AnalysisThis is a headline DATELINE -- And the traditional text story starts here and goes on and on and on.

Page 9: No, it is  not “All about story.”

9 ______________________

Communications Revolution?

1st Era =

2nd Era = Symbols Print Paper Ink Writing

Page 10: No, it is  not “All about story.”

10 ______________________

“100% de la Población SufreProblemas de Salud Mental”

Page 11: No, it is  not “All about story.”

11 ______________________

Challenge of Digital Revolution

100% de la Poblacion SufreProblemas de Salud Mental

010100100100100110101101101011101010101010101010010101010101010100111010

Page 12: No, it is  not “All about story.”

12 ______________________

Communications Revolution?

1st Era =

2nd Era = Symbols Print Paper Ink Writing

3rd Era = 101010101101010101000100101

Page 13: No, it is  not “All about story.”

13 ______________________

Changing Datasphere

Data and “data appliances:” Smaller, lighter, faster, cheaper and greater capacity

1956: First hard drive. 5mgb. 50 24-inch platters. 2,150 pounds the size of a refrigerator.

Cost: US$10,000 per megabyte or $10m per gigabyte. Today: one 3.5” HD has a gigabyte for <50 cents.

Page 14: No, it is  not “All about story.”

14 ______________________

Changing Datasphere

In 50 years, areal density of HDs increased by 50 MILLION times

Expect to see 1-inch terabyte drives in 10 years

1991 - First 2.5-inch HD for laptops held 63mgb.

Today – 2.5-inch HD holds 160gbyte and is 60 times as shock-resistant

Moore’s Law. Yes, but….

Page 15: No, it is  not “All about story.”

16 ______________________

Major Changes for Industry/Journalism educ.Data/information in digital form:

requires new tools, analytic skills, delivery methods

Network TV news dead; Newspapers (in much of Europe and U.S.) are comatose

Page 16: No, it is  not “All about story.”

17 ______________________

Major Changes for Industry

Become data/information driven in decision-making

Get out of the newsPAPER or broadcasting business; get into NEWS and DATA/Information biz

Deliver content however consumers want it whenever and wherever they want it

Leverage journalism’s data and skills to customize data/info. for users

Page 17: No, it is  not “All about story.”

18 ______________________

Role of news institutions

Must become the HUB for “transactions” between individuals and the data they need, want, seek: Intellectual transactions Cultural transactions Economic transactions Political transactions

Page 18: No, it is  not “All about story.”

19 ______________________

Data Warehouse

AudioReporter’s DAT“Amateur”News Agencies

Online

Video

Reporter’s DAT“Amateur”News Agencies

Data Warehouse

Database Publishing - Data In

Print Text Images Infographics

Dynamic dbDynamic mapsStreaming A/V

Page 19: No, it is  not “All about story.”

20 ______________________

Database Publishing-Info Out

Data Warehouse

Audio

PDA/Cellphone

Video

Data Warehouse

Print

TBA

Page 20: No, it is  not “All about story.”

21 ______________________

“Hub” model of journalism

Journalism Institution:

3 uniquevalues

Data Resources needing

usersEconomic

Culural

Occupational

Entertainment

Users with data

needsEconomic

Cultural

Occupational

Entertainment

Page 21: No, it is  not “All about story.”

22 ______________________

“Hub” model of journalism

Journalism institution

Users with

needsEconomic

Cultural

Occupational

Entertainment

Resources needing

usersEconomic

Cultural

Occupational

Entertainment

How to do this?

See “data” as a renewable/reusable resource

To survive means to learn. Constantly

It’s about “teams,” knowledge management, coordination

Fred Kockott, 2006 Journalist of the Year:

“It’s not a one-man business …This work of the sub-editors, photographers, graphic

designers and others is often not recognized.” (Librarians?)

Page 22: No, it is  not “All about story.”

23 ______________________

Classic Journalism Information Environment

I-o-P storage, analysis and communicationLinear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic tools Only literary skills needed and highly regarded 100% of our work was qualitative: text or static

images

Journalism: The first refuge of

the mathematically phobic!

Page 23: No, it is  not “All about story.”

24 ______________________

Classic Journalism Information Environment

I-o-P storage, analysis and communicationLinear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic tools Only literary skills needed and highly

regarded 100% of our work qualitative -- text or static

images Throw away total work product every 24

hours

Page 24: No, it is  not “All about story.”

25 ______________________

Changing Datasphere As storage medium changes from I-o-P to 1's

and 0's… ...we need functional technology between

the data/info and our brain. Requires new awareness/skills for RRAW-

P (Research, Reporting, Analysis, Writing-Packaging model)

Adopt new literacy to survive, NOT as old-style hunters-and-gathers but new era interpreters and explainers.

Some of us move from data fishermen to data farmers to support the community

Page 25: No, it is  not “All about story.”

26 ______________________

RRAW-P Process of Journalism

1. Research2. Reporting3. Analysis

DEADLINE!4. Writing

5. Publishing-Producing- Packaging

Page 26: No, it is  not “All about story.”

27 ______________________

Process, and Emphasis, of Classic Journalism: RRAW-P

Research Reporting Analysis

The focus of…

Journalism education

On-the-job training

Mid-career training

Most graduate studies

Writing- Publishing, Producing, Packaging

Page 27: No, it is  not “All about story.”

28 ______________________

Process - and Emphasis - of Digital-Age Journalism

Research Reporting Analysis

Must be – somewhere, some how – the focus of…

Journalism education

On-the-job training

Mid-career training

Most graduate studies

ResearchReportingAnalysis

Page 28: No, it is  not “All about story.”

29 ______________________

Classic Journalism Information Environment

I-o-P storage, analysis and communication

Linear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic toolsOnly literary skills needed and highly

regarded100% of our work qualitative -- text

or static images

Page 29: No, it is  not “All about story.”

30 ______________________

I-o-P vs.. Digital Environment

Traditional Data In Interviews Text docs Clips Pictures Infographics

100% of story

Page 30: No, it is  not “All about story.”

31 ______________________

I-o-P vs. Digital Environment

Digital DATA IN Interviews Text docs Scholarly articles Archival content Pictures Infographics Sound/Video Dynamic maps Database publshg

Ink-on-paper = <50% of storyDigital data = >50% of story

Page 31: No, it is  not “All about story.”

32 ______________________

Major Changes for Media Production

“Data In” is qualitative AND quantitative

“Info Out” must be qualitative and quantitative

Page 32: No, it is  not “All about story.”

33 ______________________

Major Changes for Datasphere Newsroom

Journalists must be able to work like good social scientists and good poets

Literally put information specialists (aka: librarians) in center of space and process

Implement team -- conceptual or skills -- approach

Page 33: No, it is  not “All about story.”

34 ______________________

Survival in the Datasphere

All analysis and eventual stories have three conceptual aspects:

Content?

Analytic

Tools?

Methods/Process?

Page 34: No, it is  not “All about story.”

35 ______________________

Intellectual Navigation

Quantitative

1. Locate Data

2. Acquire

3. Analyze

Qualitative

1. Locate Data

2. Acquire

3. Analyze

STORY!

Page 35: No, it is  not “All about story.”

36 ______________________

New skills for journalists

Just as an opening hand….Sophisticated online researchAnalytic and visual statistics SpreadsheetsDatabase creation and analysisGeographic Information SystemsSocial Network AnalysisForensic

Accounting/Performance Measurement

Page 36: No, it is  not “All about story.”

37 ______________________

Significance for Journalism

Learn to think in multiple dimensions: non-local & non-traditional sources; depth of sourcing; raw data; dynamic online "data“ (i.e non-documents)

Need greater analytic skills, e.g. quantification, mapping

Greater degrees of specialization in newsroom (GA reporter may be a dying intellectual breed in 5-10 years. Declining status?)

Page 37: No, it is  not “All about story.”

No, it is not “All about story.”

It’s about AND, & and +

Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism

Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m

Natal WitnessPietermaritzburg, South Africa

5 September 2006