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NICKEL PROCESSING

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CHRO`NICKLE’

• discovered by the Swedish chemistAxe !redri" Cro#stedt i# themi#er$ #iccoite %NiAs& i# '()'

• *+**,-. i# E$rth/s Cr0st

• h$rd1 corrosio# resist$#t 1 $#d3errom$4#etic $t room

tem5er$t0re

• '*67*+** 8S9:to##e %Lo#do#Exch$#4e ;et$ $s o3 Se5tember'*1 7*')&

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 <y5es o3 Nic"e 9e5osit

• S05hide de5osits %*+),.&Pe#t$#dite= (Fe,Ni)9S8

;ierite= NiS

• L$terite de5osits %'+67.&Hydro0s Ni siic$te de5osits %>6). o3 tot$ reso0rce&

  s$5roite

  Hi4h 4r$de= 4ob$ me$# '+)6. Ni

Smectite siic$te de5osits %>'). o3 tot$ reso0rce&   C$ys

  Low 4r$de= 4ob$ me$# '+7'. Ni

Oxide de5osits %>)*. o3 tot$ reso0rce&   !e $#d mi#or ;# oxides

  Low 4r$de= 4ob$ me$# '+*?. Ni

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S8L!I9E ORE PROCESS=Pyromet$0r4y1. MIlling

2. Roasting6+ <he m$i# be#e@ci$tio# method is fotation %( 7) . Ni &

4. Drying

• Co#ce#tr$tes $#d s$#d 0sed $s B0x $re dried to red0ce the moist0re co#te#t 3ro$bo0t *+7 . 5rior to smeti#4 5rocess+

5. Flash smelting %6) (* . Ni1 Co $#d C0&

•  <he #ic"e co#ce#tr$tes $re 0s0$y smeted 0#der oxidisi#4 co#ditio#s to

s05hide $#d other 4$#40e m$teri$s 3rom the co#ce#tr$te to 5rod0ce $ #6. Matte Rening

• ;$tte is e$ched i# $ choride so0tio# i# sever$ st$4es $t $ hi4h tem5er$5ress0re 0si#4 chori#e 4$s $s $# oxid$#t+

• Co55er is 5reci5it$ted $s the s05hide $#d the# iro# $#d $rse#ic $re 5recihydroxides $#d $rse#$tes to 50ri3y the e$ch$te+

• Cob$t is removed by sove#t extr$ctio# o3 the choride so0tio# 0si#4 $# o

sove#t

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!$sh Smeti#4

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;$tte Re@#i#4

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LA<ERI<E ORE PROCESSES

• !erroNic"e 5rocess %5yromet$0r4ic$ 5rocessi#• HPAL %hydromet$0r4ic$ 5rocessi#4&D or

• C$ro# Process %combi#$tio#s o3 hydro $#d5yromet$0r4ic$ 5rocesses&

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!erroNic"e Process

esides $terite ore1 co"e $#d:or co$ $re the otheseco#d r$w m$teri$s th$t $re #eeded i# 3erro#ic5rod0ctio#+ Co"e or co$ is #eeded $s $ red0ci#4

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!erroNic"e Process1. Drying

• t$"es 5$ce i# $ directy@red rot$ry dryer where the moist0re co#te#t c$# be r

$bo0t F) to 7* .+2. Homogenization

• ;ixi#4 o3 ore $#d co$:co"e

3. Calination• dehydr$te the ore $#d to 5rered0ce the #ic"e $#d iro# oxide $t $bo0t ,** '

• res0ts i# $ 30r#$ce 3eed th$t co#t$i#s the #ic"e $s $ met$ $#d the 5rered0cethe 3orm o3 iro# %II& oxides+

4. !melting• t$"es 5$ce i# o5e# b$th semicosed eectric $rc 30r#$ces with s0bmer4ed ee

5. Rening• esides the red0ctio# o3 iro# $#d c$rbo#1 the im50rities i"e s05h0r1 siico# $#

removed+

• sh$"i#4 re$ctio# $de1 $# i#d0ctio# 30r#$ce1 $# eectric $rc 30r#$ce $#d oxy4eco#verters

• 7*)*. Ni

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Hi4h Press0re Acid Le$chi#4

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C$ro# Process

'+ Ore e#e@ci$tio# $#d be#di#4• m$i# 3eed 3or the 5rocess is $ mixt0re o3 imo#itic $#d s$5roitic #ic"e

7+ Red0ctio# ro$sti#4• dried to red0ce moist0re 3rom 6). to $55roxim$tey ,.

• m$xim0m tem5er$t0re o3 the red0ctio# ro$sti#4 5rocess is (F*()*o C

6+ Le$chi#4 i# $mmo#i$c$ sove#t•

#ic"e is seectivey e$ched 3rom the soidF+ Se5$r$tio# o3 Ni $#d Co 0si#4 sove#t extr$ctio#

)+ Preci5it$tio# 3rom so0tio# o3 b$sic #ic"e c$rbo#$te %NC& i#te5rod0ct

?+ <herm$ decom5ositio# o3 NC to NiO $#d 4$seo0s red0ctio#

(+ <he @#$ 5rod0ct o3 this 5rocess co#t$i#s --. Ni+

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"R#C*!!I)+ #"%I#)! R*,-%%# D*"#!I% %/"*

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