NICA project at JINRNICA project at JINR(N(Nuclotronuclotron--basedbased IIonon CColliderollider ffAAcility)cility)

G. TrubnikovG. Trubnikovforfor NICA CollaborationNICA Collaborationforfor NICA CollaborationNICA Collaboration

BDO workshop, St-PetersburgJune 29, 2010

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Contents

1. Physics case

2. NICA facility – scheme and operation scenario2.1 injection/extraction schemes 2.2 ion storage with BB technique in collider 2 3 ibl ti i j ti t fi d t (f 3 5 G V/ ) d2.3 possible option: injection at fixed parameters (for ex. 3.5 GeV/u) and

acceleration/deceleration in collider up to experiment energy2.4 stochastic cooling in the energy range of 2.5 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u 2 5 electron cooling in all energy range2.5 electron cooling in all energy range

3. Status of the project3 1 KRION3.1. KRION3.2. HILAC3.3. Booster3 4 Nuclotron3.4. Nuclotron3.5. Collider3.6. Polarized beams in NICA

4 Civil engineering, infrastructure and official expertise

http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome

Project NICA/MPD is dedicated toProject NICA/MPD is dedicated to

study of hot & dense baryonic matter

and

development of the home accelerator facility providing relativistic heavy ions & polarized beams

all these allow to start a new strategic course of JINR towards the leading role in the relevant fields

f hi h h iof high energy physics

the Project is initiated & led by A N Sissakian & A S Sorinthe Project is initiated & led by A.N.Sissakian & A.S.Sorin

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Physics tasks for MultiPurpose Detector

- event-by-event fluctuation in hadron productions (multiplicity Pt etc )(multiplicity, Pt etc.)

- HBT correlations indicating the space-time size of the systems involving π K p Λinvolving π, K, p, Λ

- directed & elliptic flows for various hadronslti t h d ti- multi-strange hyperon production:

- yield & spectra (the probes of nuclear media phases)- photon & electron probes- search for P- & CP violation as a charge asymmetry

should be studied for different ions (from p to Au) by scanning in b & energy (in the range √SNN = 4 - 11 GeV/u)

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3D view of the MPD (conceptual design)

Forward spectrometer Bspectrometer-B

SC SolenoidSC Solenoid

6Toroid

Physics tasks for Spin Physics Detector

MMT DY processes with L&T polarized p & D beams:

Physics tasks for Spin Physics Detector

- MMT-DY processes with L&T polarized p & D beams:- extraction of unknown (poor known) PDF- PDFs from J/y production processes

- Spin effects in baryon, meson & photon productions

- Spin effects in various exclusive reactions & diffractive processes

- Cross sections, helicity amplitudes & double spin asymmetries (Krisch effect) in elastic reactions( sc e ect) e ast c eact o s

- Spectroscopy of quarkoniums

- Polarimetry

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NICA/MPD –competitive & complimentary toNICA/MPD competitive & complimentary to

i i t- running experiments:- STAR, Phenix at RHIC- NA49/NA61 at CERN- HADES at GSI

- in preparation:p p- ALICE at CERN- CBM at GSI

NICA / MPD advantages- optimal energy range for max baryonic density close to 4 pi geometry- homogeneous acceptance & resolution functions versus measured & scanned parameters (kinematics, b, energy etc.)

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p ( , , gy )

The NICA Project goals formulated in NICA CDR are the following:

1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at √sNN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV (1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )

at Laverage= 1⋅1027 cm-2⋅s-1 (at √sNN = 9 GeV)

1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity

2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons:p↑p↑ √sNN = 12 ÷ 25 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy )

d↑d↑ √sNN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )

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Colliders & Synchrotrons: Luminosity vs Energy (√s)

Relativistic Nuclear Physics

1000

Colliders & Synchrotrons: Luminosity vs Energy (√s)

Synchrotrons:SIS100

SIS300

1

10

1001e32L(E)

1 30

SIS100

SPS

0,01

0,1

11e30

1e28

U-10

Nuclotron U-70

0,0001

0,001

1e26 LHC (Pb82+)RHIC (Au79+)

NICA

0,000001

0,00001

0,1 1 10 100 1000 100000.1 1.0 GeV 10 100 1.0 TeV 10 1e24

RHIC (Au )

√sη ρω φ J/Ψ Υ W±Z0 t

Rezults of the 41th run at Nuclotron (March, 2010)

Generated and accelerated ions of :С (А 12 Z 4)С (А=12, Z=4)Хе (А=124, Z=42) QuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Image of the Хе beam (Е 0 6 GeV/n)Image of the Хе beam (Е = 0,6 GeV/n)On the photoplate (extraction flange)

Хе beam (124, 42+) was accelerated up to 570 MeV/n and 1 GeV/n and succesfulyand 1 GeV/n, and succesfuly extracted.

NICA statusNICA status(leader Igor Meshkov)(leader Igor Meshkov) MPD

ColliderC = 400 m

2.3 m

4.0 m

Booster

Ion source &

KRION-6T & HILac

Nuclotron beam transfer line

Nuclotron beam lines & fixed target

experiments

Ion source & “Old” linac

experiments(to be optimized)

Spin Physics Detector (SPD)Synchrophasotron

Nuclotron

Detector (SPD)yokeBeam transfer lines & New research area

Operation regime and parameters

Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+

at energy of 6.2 MeV/u

Collider (45 Tm)Storage of

30 bunches � 1�109 ions per ring

Booster (25 Tm)1(2-3) single-turn injection,

storage of 2 (4-6)×109,acceleration up to 100 MeV/uat 1�4.5 GeV/u,

electron and/or stochastic cooling

acceleration up to 100 MeV/u,electron cooling, acceleration

up to 600 MeV/u

Stripping (80%) 197Au32+ � 197Au79+

Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one bunch

of 1.1×109 ions,IP-1 IP-2

Two SCcollider rings

2х30 injection acceleration up to 1�4.5 GeV/u max.

2х30 injection cycles

St in P c ssOperation regime and parameters

64 injection cycles to Collider ringsof 1⋅109 ions 197Au79+ per cycle

1 7⋅1010 ions/ring Storing Process

2 Booster magnetic field

nits

electron

1.7 10 ions/ring

0 5

11,5

t), a

rb. u

nelectroncooling Extraction,

stripping to 197Au79+

00,5

0 2 4 6B

(tt, [s] 1 (2-3) injection cycles,

electron cooling (?)

1,5

2

ts

Nuclotron magnetic fieldelectron cooling (?)

bunch compression

0,5

1

,5

, arb

. uni

t bunch compression,extraction

injection

0

,

0 2 4 6

B(t)

,

t, [s]

j

Collider (2T) Conceptual Design ⇒ in progress

Ring circumference m 450Ring circumference, m 450Number of interaction points (IP) 2Bρ max, T⋅m 45.0Ion kinetic energy (197Au79+), GeV/u 1.0 ÷ 4.50gy ( ),Dipole field (max), T 2Quad gradient (max), T/m 30Long straight sections: number / length, m 2 / 82Short straight sections: number / length, m 2 / 25Free space at IP (for MPD detector) m 9Free space at IP (for MPD detector), m 9Beam crossing angle at IP 0Number of dipoles (arc)/ length, m 48 / 1.5Number of quads (arc)/ length, m 24 / 0.6βx_max / βy_max in arc, m 16 / 16Dx_max / Dy_max in arc, m 3.0 / 0.1βx_min / βy_min in IP, m 0.35 / 0.35D / D i IP1 0 0 / 0 0Dx / Dy in IP1, m 0.0 / 0.0Betatron tunes Qx / Qy 6.6 / 7.6Chromaticity Q′x / Q′y -23 / -26Transition energy γ tr 4 89

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Transition energy, γ_tr 4.89Vacuum, pTorr 100 ÷ 10at 3.5 AGeV -> L= 10^27

at 1.0 AGeV -> L = 5*10^25

The main collider parametersIon energy range GeV/u 1 ÷ 4 5Ion energy range, GeV/u 1 ÷ 4.5

Ring circumference, m 450Luminosity cm-2·s-1 1e27Luminosity, cm s 1e27Lasslett tune shift 0.05Ion number per bunch (9 ÷ 0.3)e9o u be pe bu c (9 0.3)e9Rms unnormalized beam emittance

π⋅mm⋅mrad30.0 ÷ 0.03

Rms momentum spread σp 1e-3Transition energy GeV/u 3.2 ÷ 14.2

(16 “ hi ”)(16 “machines”)Rms bunch length σs, m 0.6Number of bunches 32Number of bunches 32Number of RF harmonics 160Beam-beam parameter (1 ÷ 7)e-3Beam beam parameter (1 ÷ 7)e 3

Main requirements to NICA ring design.

• Ring circumference ~ 400 m

• Racetrack shape of the ring with fixed distance between IP points.

• Stochastic cooling (Palmer method): Stochastic cooling (Palmer method): Longitudinal + Horizontal needs (2n + 1)π – betatron phase advance between PickUp (located at βmax, Dmax) and Kicker (longitudinal – located at Dmax)Vertical needs (2n + 1/2) π – betatron phase advance between PickUp andVertical needs (2n 1/2) π betatron phase advance between PickUp and Kicker

• Electron cooler – at straight section – needs ~9 m length with (D=0, βx z ~ 10m g g ( , βx,z– adjustable)

• 4.5 – 1 GeV/n – experiment kinetic energy (for Au) & possibility of the acceleration of the proton beam & slip factor requirements => variation of γtr !

Collider feeding with the heavy ions:

1. Storage of a coasting beam (Barrier bucket RF + Stochastic )cooling)

2. Adiabatic bunching at harmonics equal to the bunch number3 Bunch rotation by RF phase jump3. Bunch rotation by RF phase jump4. Bunch matching with the RF at high harmonics

The bunch intensity, number of the bunches, emittance momentum spread and the bunch lengthemittance, momentum spread and the bunch length

can be prepared independently on the injection chain parameters

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h h ( )

Barrier Bucket Method

Ion trajectory in the phase space (∆p, ϕ)V(t)

Cavity(∆p)ion(∆p)ion ∆p > (∆p)separatrix

2

Cavityvoltage

ϕ00Cooling is ON

2π ϕ00

Unstable phase area (injection area)

∆ϕ_stack(injection area)

In reality RF voltage pulses can be (and are actually) of nonrectangular shape

The first proposal: Fermilab J Griffin et al IEEE Trans

The particle storage with barrier buckets method was tested

The first proposal: Fermilab, J. Griffin et.al., IEEE Trans.on Nuclear Science, v.NS30 No.4, 3502 (1983)

NICA: Trevolution = 0.85 ÷ 0.96 µs VBB ≤ 16 kV

p gat ESR (GSI) with electron cooling (2008).

NICA: Trevolution 0.85 ÷ 0.96 µs, VBB ≤ 16 kV

Stochastic cooling Electron coolingUseful for stacking Ineffective at E < 2 GeV/u

Effective at whole energy range;Ineffective for stacking, Problems due to recombination

Collisions

Long bunch ~ 1.5 - 2 m Short bunch 0.3 – 0.6 m

Low VRF ~ 20-30 kV Large VRF ~ 100 kV

The luminosity is limited by Luminosity is limited by bunchIBS stability∆Q < 0.02, Ipeak < 2 A, ξ < 0.005 ∆Q ~ 0.05, Ipeak ~ 5-10 A

T l i i i IT β* 0 5 i blTo concentrate luminosity in IT β* ~ 0.2–0.3 m

β* ~ 0.5 m is acceptable

η < 0.03 Does not sensitive to ηη 0.03 Does not sensitive to η(choice of η is determined by RFsystem)

R i IBS i i i C li i l h20

Requires IBS optimization Cooling power is large enough to suppress IBS

Stochastic Cooling & Barrier Voltage Parameters

Beam kinetic energy 3.5 GeV (197Au79+)Number of particles 1e8/shot

Takeshi Katayama

Number of particles 1e8/shotInitial momentum spread (1σ) 3.0e-4 truncated at ±3σRing slipping factor 0.0232 ( γtr = 9.16)Slipping factor from PU to K 0.0232Type of Pickup and Kicker λ/4 loop coupleryp p p pCooling method PalmerAtmospheric Temperature at PU 300 KNoise Temperature at PU 40KTOF from PU to Kicker 0.4e-6 sec

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ھ·ÛÂÚÒ½, ˜ÚÓ·Þ ‚ˉÂÚ¸ ðÚÛ Í‡¾ÚËÌÍÛ.

Dispersion at PU and Kicker 5.0 m and 0 mNumber of PU and Kicker 128Loop Length, 24.5e-3 m, height 50e-3 m,g ,width 50e-3mCoupling impedance 50 OhmBand 2-4 GHzGain 105dBBarrier Voltage ± 2 kV or ±5 kVBarrier Frequency 5 MHz (T=0.2e-6 sec)

Collider luminosity vs Ion EnergyT t t t ∆Q C tTwo outmost cases at ∆QLasslett = Const :

1) L(E) = Const ⇒ ;53norm32ion1,1)E(Nγβ

εγβ

∝∝

2) Nion(E) = Const ⇒ .322norm )E(L,1 γβ

βγε ∝∝

101.6

N1 E( )

1.6

1.4 N_ion/bunch vs Energy

[1E9]

βγ2

L1 E( )

10

1.0

L(E) [1E27 cm-2·s-1]

ε_norm(E) [π·mm·mrad]

10N1 E( )

N2 E( )1.2

1.0

L1 E( )

L2 E( )

0.1

ε1_norm E( )

ε2_norm E( )1.0 0.8

4.50.5 E0.8

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E, GeV/u

0.01

4.50.5 E0.01

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E, GeV/u

E0.1

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E GeV/uE, GeV/u

Collider: electron cloud effect

Electron cloud formation criteria

The necessary condition: ,lZb)N(

22

necessarybunch ⋅≥ βy

The sufficient condition (“multipactor effect”):lZr spacee

necessarybunch β

b iεβ

Here βc is ion velocity, Z – ion charge number, b – vacuum chamber radius,

.cm2Zr

b)N( 2e

crit

esufficientbunch

εβ⋅≥

re – electron classic radius, lspace – distance between bunches, me – electron mass, c – the speed of light,ε ~ 1 keV electron energy sufficient for secondary electron generation

For NICA bunch parameters (109 197Au79+ ions/bunch)

εcrit ~ 1 keV – electron energy sufficient for secondary electron generation.

p ( )

(Nbunch)necessary ~ 7⋅108, (Nbunch)sufficient ~ 6⋅109.

Collider lattice related problems to be solved

Ring structure optimization on higher IBS time,An attempt of combination of “Flexible lattice” (transition energy change with energy) with “IBS requirement”energy change with energy) with IBS requirement ,Insertion devices in structure (Ecool, Spin rotators, MPD). Coupling compensation,Optimization of correction systems (orbit, chromaticity, resonances),DA l l ti i li fi ld ( t h ti it DA calculation in non-linear fields (magnets, chromaticity correctors),……

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Beam stability

Chosen beam parameters for NICA at 3.5 GeV/u and Nb = 109 b h l th 0 3 t b li bl ith i f109, bunch length 0.3 m seems to be realizable with using of the following cures:

• Suppression of high order modes (HOM) in accelerating cavities.

• Design of good chamber with small coupling impedances

• Use of the chromaticity correction circuit for suppression of high order head tail modes (or octupole families to increasehigh order head tail modes (or octupole families to increase non-linear Landau damping).

The problem of the slippage factor and RF voltage is discussed in the Collider CDR, wherewe have found rather strict requirements to ringlattice tuning:

40 kV ≤ V (E ) ≤ 140 kV40 kV ≤ VRF(EA) ≤ 140 kVat σs = 0.6 m, σp = 1e-3

Several different values of γcrit

NICA project status and plans

Since publication of the 1-st version of the NICA CDRpThe Concept was developed, the volumes I,II and III of the TDR have been completed:

Volume I – Part 1, General description- Part 2, Injector complexPart 2, Injector complex

Volume II – Part 3, Booster-Synchrotron- Part 4 Nuclotron - NICA- Part 4, Nuclotron - NICA

Volume III – Part 5, ColliderV l IV P t 6 B di ti & t lVolume IV - Part 6, Beam diagnostics & control

- Part 7, Cryogenic system- Part 8, Radiation safety & control system

Volume V – Part 9, Civil Engineering

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Q-

nC 22 20 18

Q- = aB3

18 16 14 12

f(B) = C⋅B3

Nion ∝ B3

12 10 8

(Nion)eTotal numberOf electrons/ions inthe electron strings

6

4 2

0

xp

(Ne)exp

(nC) vs appliedmagnetic field [T]

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 T, B

0

Source B [T] Ions Nion/pulseKRION-2 3.0 Au30+ 5⋅108 exp

2010:- run at Nuclotron;

KRION 2 3.0 Au 5 10 expKRION-6Т 6.0 Au32+ 2⋅109 scaled B2- KRION-6Тs commissioning

is planned for end of 2010

Booster (Contnd)

Heavy ion LinacBeam injection

2.3 m

Electron coolingsystem

4.0 mSlow extractionRF system

Experimental areaFast extraction

Transfer to Nuclotronpbld. 1 B

2929

Booster FODO latticeBooster FODO lattice

Working point ~ 5.8 / 5.85

Chromaticity -6.5

∆p/p (max/min) 1E–3 / 8E–4p p ( )

Norm. emittance 1 π·mm·mrad

Booster superperiod lattice functionsBooster superperiod lattice functionsBeta function (max) 14.5 m

3030

Magnetic system design ⇒ in progress

Name of the parameter Unit Dipole QuadrupoleNumber of magnets 64 + 1 32 + 2 Maximum magnetic induction (field T (T/m) 2.0 23Maximum magnetic induction (fieldgradient)

T (T/m) 2.0 23

Effective magnetic length m 2.2 0.52Ramp rate dB/dt T/s ≤ 0.5 -Field quality ∆ B/ B (∆ G/ G ) at R=30mm ± 6⋅10-4q y / ( G/ G )Useable aperture mm 70 70Pole radius m - 0.036Bending angle deg 5 5/8 -

Radius of curvature m 22.5 -Yoke width m 0.204 0.22Yoke height m 0. 504 0.52Distance between the beams mm 320Overall weight kg 1200 230g gCurrent at maximum field kA 12 12Number of turns in the winding 10 4 Inductance µH 370 22Stored energy kJ 26.6 1.58Vacuum shell outer diameter mm 700Heat releases W 10 4.8SC cable cooling channel diameter mm 3.0 3.0Cable length in the two windings m 110 14

• Construction of the dipole magnet prototype is scheduled for 2010.

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Pressure difference between the helium headers kPa 27Maximal temperature of helium K 4.65

• Design of the regular collider twin bore quadrupole lens with hyperbolic poles is in progress.

Conceptual design of the HV e-cooling systemHV G dF db k

5 m

HV Generator andFeedback

2

4

3

1 QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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3.1 m

4

52

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

8.5 m

6 m

V 6

1.3 m Fig. 31. Feedback via rotor voltmeter and capacity connector. Generator stability V/V ~ 10-3, 0.5 < V < 2.5 kV. Feedback stabilization level up to V / V ~ 10-5. 1 – acceleration tube, 2 – HV generator, 3 – rotor voltmeter, 4 –

capacity connector,5 – amplifiers,6 – controlledPS.

Versions of cascade generator parameters at load current of 1 mA

1. Electron energy of 0.025 ÷ 2,5 MeV,2. Electron beam current 0.1 ÷ 3 A,3 Electron beam diameter 10 ÷ 30 mm

g p

Version f, kHz Um, kV n C, µF U, kV ²U, kV N Sizes, m 1 30 75 17 4.7 0.513 24.25 544 0,9×5,2 2 1 110 13 4.7 1.94 331 936 1,2×6,8 3 0.4 150 10 5.5 2.5 327 1980 2×8

3. Electron beam diameter 10 ÷ 30 mm,4. Electron beam angular spread at cooling section ≤ 1 mrad,5. Electron velocity spread at cooling section ∆v/v ≤ 1·10^-4,6. SC solenoid magnetic field 0.05 ÷ 0.2 T,7 HV PS current 1 mA

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7. HV PS current 1 mA,8. Collector PS 2 kV x 1 A,9. HV PS stability ∆V/V < 10^-4.

Stochastic cooling system prototype at Nuclotron for HESR/NICAB

η= 0.032E = 3.5 AGeVParticles (d C) 1e9

BParticles (d, C) = 1e9Momentum spread = 1.0e-3TOF PU-KK = 0.42*1.0e-6Revolution f = 1.2e-6

Creation of test-bench for pick-up measurements (warm/cold);measurements (warm/cold);

Using of COSY equipment in Nuclotron cryostaty

Slot-coupler structure

2 ÷ 4 GHz (~10 sec)

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Civil engineeringState Specialized Design Institute (Moscow):

34

NICA project status and plans

KRION2015201420132012201120102009

Booster + trans channel

LINAC + trans. channel

Booster: magnetic system

Nuclotron-NICA

Nuclotron-M

Booster + trans. channel

Collider

Transfer channel to Collider

Control systems

PS systems

Diagnostics

Infrastructure

Control systems

operationcomms/operatnmountg+commssiong Manufctrng + mountingdesignR & D

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NICA Machine advisory committee (MAC)– Boris Sharkov, (ITEP/FAIR) - chairman– Pavel Beloshitskii (CERN)

S i I (IHEP)– Sergei Ivanov (IHEP)– Alexei Fedotov (BNL) – Markus Steck (GSI)Markus Steck (GSI)– Nicholas Walker (DESY)– Sergei Nagaitsev (FNAL)– Alexander Zlobin (FNAL)– Takeshi Katayama (Japan)

Rolf Stassen (FZJ)– Rolf Stassen (FZJ)

1-st review Jan 20091 st review Jan 20092nd meeting (video-conf) June 20093rd meeting at Dubna Jan 2010

36Next meeting Oct 2010

NICA Collaboration

Budker INPBooster RF system

IHEP (Protvino)Injector Linacy

Booster electron coolingCollider RF systemHV e-cooler for collider

FZ Jűlich (IKP)HV e-coolerSt h li HV e cooler for collider

Electronics (?)Stoch. cooling

Fermilab l

CERN: R&D onHV e-cooler

Beam dynamics Stoch. coolingAll-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique

BNL (RHIC)

accelerator

GSI/FAIR

qHV Electron cooler BNL (RHIC)

Electron &Stoch. Cooling

SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100SC dipoles for Collider

gITEP: Beam dynamicsin the collider

37Corporation “Powder Metallurgy” (Minsk, Belorussia):Technology of TiN coating of vacuum chamber walls for reduction ofsecondary emission

Thank you for your attention!

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