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Catherine Wang, Michelle Wang, Helen Yang
NHD Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Ballard v. Anderson, 4 Cal. 3d 873 (1971).
This was an original petition in California for a writ of mandate to compel the Therapeutic
Abortion Committee to consider the right to abortion without the consent of the parents. The
court ruled that there was no reason to single Therapeutic abortion out as the one abortion
which required parental consent. We placed quotes from this court case in the Prior Court
cases page to show the build up to Roe v. Wade in the legal and judicial system in America.
Bismarck daily tribune. (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 18811916, June 05, 1900, Image 1
A newspaper which we found from Chronicling America, this image shows some of the first
cases of published abortion issues in America. We used this image in the Timeline: Abortion in
America Before 1973 page to highlight the beginnings of abortion issues in the 1900s of
American history
Briefs for Roe as Amicus Curiae, Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
Provided by the Yale Law Library as well as the Library of Congress, we were able to use
these briefs on the Debate: Support page to show three separate amicus curiae briefs filed on
the behalf of Jane Roe during the Roe v. Wade case by three different organizations (American
Public Health Association, Center for Constitutional Rights, and American College of
Obstetrician and Gynecologists). These different briefs showed different American opinions on
why abortion should be permitted in America, and provided compelling arguments for the rights
vs. responsibilities debate regarding the right to abortion.
Briefs for Wade as Amicus Curiae, Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
Provided by the Yale Law Library as well as the Library of Congress, we were able to use
these briefs on the Debate: Support page to show three separate amicus curiae briefs filed on
the behalf of Henry Wade during the Roe v. Wade case by three different organizations
(Americans United for Life, American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists, and NARAL)
. These different briefs showed different American opinions on why abortion should be
permitted in America, and provided compelling arguments for the rights vs. responsibilities
debate regarding the right to abortion.
Brief for Webster as Amicus Curiae, Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989)
This brief was submitted by the Holy Orthodox Church on the behalf of Webster, and it serves
as an example of the Orthodox Church’s belief in a human’s responsibility towards other living
beings including fetuses. An excerpt from this brief can be found on the AfterEffects page in
the effect on the crime rate section.
Calderone, Mary Steichen. Illegal Abortion as a Public Health Problem, 50 AM. J. PUB. HEALTH
948, 951 (1960)
The medical director of Planned Parenthood, Mary Calderone was a physician and avid
abortion advocate during the 1960s and 1970s. This was a researchbased publication written
by her during 1960 which highlighted the issues of illegal abortions in the context of public health
from the beginning of the 1900s to the (then) present. We used a quote from her publication on
our Timeline: Abortion in America Before 1973 page to highlight the medical issues of illegal
abortion which existed in the 1900s prior to Roe.
Coke, Sir Edward. The Institutes of the Laws of England.
Sir Edward Coke’s viewpoint on the legality of crimes against an unborn child solidified the
Born Alive Rule, which was established in the 16th century. This gave us an idea of the legal
position of abortions in England, which was integrated into early colonial society. In contrast
with beliefs that abortion has been only recently legalized, abortion restrictions only began to be
enacted in the 19th century. Information about this book can be found in the Timeline: Abortion
in America before 1973 page.
Comstock, Anthony. Traps for the Young. 1883.
We quoted Anthony Comstock, the antiobscenity crusader of the late 19th century, to illustrate
an example of Comstock’s views and his rejection of what he regarded as “obscene”, such as
information regarding abortion and contraceptives. Comstock’s views serve as a representation
of the extremely antiabortion perspective that prevailed in late 19th century policy, and studying
them allowed us to better our understanding of the .
"Choice at Risk: Mini Docs & Clips." Choice at Risk. Ed. Dorothy Fadiman. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Mar.
2014. <http://choiceatrisk.org/videos.shtml>.
This website was extremely helpful by providing numerous multimedia resources. Its videos
documented personal experiences from women who had been impacted by abortion restrictions
before the Roe v. Wade decision. We used excerpts of videos from this website throughout our
project to illustrate the prochoice viewpoint and to give a deeper perspective of abortion prior
to the its legalization.
Delaney, John. Interview by Catherine Wang. 26 Mar. 2014.
John Delaney is a Democratic Congressman for the 6th District of Maryland. We contacted him
to get a modern day politician’s stance on the abortion issue 40 years after the case took place.
He informed us that he support a woman's right to choose, consistent with the settled law of our
country as established in the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision, and does not wish for the
case to be repealed. We used this quote in our longterm reception page.
Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973).
The case which was released concurrently with Roe v. Wade, Doe announced that any
limitations stated in the Georgia law regarding abortion were improper according to the
precedent set by Griswold v. Connecticut and of personal liberty. We used quotes from this
case on the “Prior Court Cases” page to show the Supreme Court’s stance on abortion from
another perspective during the same time period of 1973.
Evantanto, Azevedo. Interview by Helen Yang. 17 Feb. 2014.
Azevedo Evantanto was a participant of the Youth Rally and Mass for Life. We used this
interview as an example of the prochoice viewpoint that exists throughout America in the
aftermath of the Roe v. Wade case. Evantanto states that every human has a right to live, similar
to how we have been guaranteed fundamental rights in the Constitution. He also states that
economic and emotional reasons are the basis for many abortion decisions, and that relieving
these burdens can lessen the need for an abortion.
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE or the Access Act, Pub. L. No. 103259, 108
Stat. 694) (May 26, 1994, 18 U.S.C. § 248)
This act, signed by President Clinton, was meant to limit violence at abortion clinics which had
resulted from the Pensacola incidents, starting a nationwide movement of physically obstructing
access to abortion clinics by those in the right to life movement. We included an excerpt from
this act in the Long Term Reception page to show the growing prolife movement as well as
attempts to stop it by the prochoice advocates.
Greenhouse, Sarah. Interview by Helen Yang. 6 May. 2014.
Linda Greenhouse is the Knight Distinguished Journalist in Residence and is currently also a
Joseph M. Goldstein Senior Fellow at Yale Law School. Notable as a Pulitzer Prize winning
reporter who covered the United States Supreme Court for nearly three decades for The New
York Times, Greenhouse also recently wrote a very indepth investigative book entitled Before
Roe, which outlined social and political reasons behind the case and the aftermath of the case
itself. We interviewed her to get an indepth understanding of an expert’s views on Roe v.
Wade’s social and political impact as well as her predictions for the future of Roe. Quotes from
her interview can be found on the “Long Term Reception” page.
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965).
Griswold v. Connecticut would set a precedent regarding the right to privacy which would be
a crucial piece of the Roe v. Wade argument provided by Sarah Weddington in 1973. We used
this case on the “Prior Court Cases” page to show the lead up to Roe in the legal system of
America, particularly in the Supreme Court.
Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007).
Gonzales v. Carhart permitted the PartialBirth Abortion Ban Act, which limited
secondtrimester abortions. The ruling contrasted with the ruling in Stenberg v.Carhart seven
years prior, and was interpreted by many as a more conservative shift in the courts and as a gain
for the prolife side of the abortion issue. Information and quotes from the case can be found on
the Further Court cases page.
Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297 (1980).
Harris v. McRae, which upheld the Hyde Amendment of 1976 prohibiting the use of Medicaid
funds to support abortions, worked slightly against the proabortion standpoint fostered by Roe
v. Wade. Although it did not limit abortions directly, its upholding of the Hyde Amendment
made abortions less available to low income women. We referenced and quoted this case to
display the conservative shift in court rulings regarding abortion.
Kokoski, Paul. “Ronald Reagan: ‘Everybody that is for abortion has already been born.’” New York
Times. September 22nd, 1980. Print.
This newspaper article displays Ronald Reagan’s opinion on abortion as well as the new
Republican stance on abortion overall, a change that took place in 1980. Prior to this time
period, neither party had taken a definitive stance on abortion. We found Reagan’s quote to be
extremely powerful and representative of the central beliefs of those who associate themselves
with being prolife.
Lee, R. (2001, March 2) Henry Wade of Roe vs. Wade dies today at age 86. Orange County Register.
Obituaries.
We used this primary source (newspaper obituary) to obtain a quote about Henry Wade, the
district attorney who served as the “Wade” in Roe v. Wade. He was notable for having never
lost a case that he himself had personally argued. This quote can be found on the “Important
Figures” page.
Les Plees Del Coron. Book. LA Law Library, Los Angeles.
A picture of the first textbook of English criminal law which established the “born alive rule”
written by William Staunford is provided by the LA Law library’s archives. This and additional
information on the book can be found in the Timeline: Abortion in America Before 1973 page.
Lollar, Charles. Interview by Catherine Wang. 26 April. 2014.
Charles Lollar was formerly in the navy and now serves as a Tea Party candidate for the GOP.
He is currently making a bid for Maryland Governor, and is very outspoken about his
conservative views. We interviewed him about his personal and political views regarding
abortion in the US and used his opinion in the “long term reception” page to show how US
politicians have viewed Roe’s effect on America.
March for Women’s Lives Photographs. N.d. NOW’s 1992 March for Women’s Lives. NOW. NOW.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.now.org/history/slideshows/marches/index.php?image=George.jpg>.
We used these photos from the March For Women’s Lives directly from the original archive to
show the strength of the prochoice movement that existed even in the longerterm aftermath of
the case. These photos appear on the LongTerm Reception slideshow.
Mathews, Linda. "Supreme Court Rule Gives Women Right to Have Abortions." Los Angeles Times
[Los Angeles] 23 Jan. 1973, sec. 1: 1. Print.
We used photos of this issue of the Los Angeles Times in the Decision page of our website to
show the nation’s reaction to the extremely controversial decision made in January of 1973.
Mathews, Linda. "Mother Knows Best." Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles] 23 Jan. 1973, sec. 1: 1.
Print.
We used photos of this late Monday reprint of the Los Angeles Times, which came out on the
same day as the original to show the popularity of the case in American society as the
newspaper sold out so quickly that there had to be reprints, with the Roe decision as the major
headline of the day this time. The photos can also be found on the Decision page.
McCorvey, Norma, and Andy Meisler. I Am Roe: My Life, Roe v. Wade, and Freedom of Choice.
New York: HarperCollins, 1994. Print.
We used this to show the first person opinion of the plaintiff, Norma McCorvey, or Jane Roe,
on the case prior to her decision to become prolife. This shows her participation in the case as
well as her opinion on the right to abortion, and is a great primary source for quotes on Norma
McCorvey’s beliefs about the case and its effects on her and the society she lived in. We used
multiple quotes from McCorvey’s autobiography throughout the website to illustrate her
personal views and the impact of the case.
Model Penal Code. American Law Institute. C.F.R. Sec. 230.3. 1959. Print.
The American Law institute published the Model Penal Code, in which section 230.3 permitted
abortion in the case that the pregnancy was severely detrimental to the mother. We used this
document and a quote from the document in the Timeline: Abortion in America before 1973
page to show the development of the right to abortion in the legal system of America.
NARAL ProChoice America. “President Obama’s Message to NARAL ProChoice America
Supporters. Youtube. youtube.com, 6 February 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf9njSsFmEg>.
We used this primary source video to get a quote showing President Obama’s prochoice
support of Roe v. Wade 40 years after the decision of the case was made. This is a strong
indicator of the Democratic proabortion stance that the party has typically taken since the
1980s. It can be found in our longterm reception page.
Ney, Philip, Dr. “Interview with Dr. Philip Ney.” Priests for Life. Priests for Life, n.d. Web. 4 Mar.
2014. <http://www.priestsforlife.org/media/interviewney.htm>.
We used this to see the prolife standpoint on the right to abortion’s effect on women’s health,
and the psychological toll that abortion takes on women. Ney speaks about the aftermath of an
abortion, stating that many women extreme guilt after receiving an abortion. Ney had also
spoken to children of mothers who had received abortions, and states that these children
experienced psychological trauma and mistrust after learning of their mothers’ previous
abortions.
"Penal Code of the State of Texas." 1911. PDF file. 28 Feb. 2014.
We used this for photos and additional text for reference on the Texas state abortion law called
into question during the Roe v. Wade trial. The source is a primary source, as it is the actual
Texas State Penal code in PDF format.
People v. Belous, 71 Cal. 2d 954 (1969).
This was a court case from California regarding a woman’s right to bear children. The court
issued that according to precedent set by the Supreme Court, a pregnant woman’s right to life
had precedent over the unborn child. We used this quote in the Prior Court Cases page to show
the progression of the right to abortion in judicial courts throughout America prior to Roe v.
Wade.
Planned Parenthood Executive Office, Adrienne. Personal interview. 24 Feb. 2014.
We used this personal interview with a representative of Planned Parenthood to show the
opinion of an abortion and women’s health care provider regarding the right to abortion and the
open opportunity to provide abortions. Adrienne’s responses to our questions demonstrated the
efforts of abortion providers to keep their personal views separate from their occupations,
displaying their desires to give a woman the full choice over her body. We also were able to
gain information regarding Planned Parenthood’s official view on the Planned Parenthood v.
Casey case.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992).
Planned Parenthood v. Casey recognized a woman’s right to have an abortion, but upheld
certain restrictions and regulations of a Pennsylvania abortion law against abortions. The case
thus reflected an acceptance of the legality of most abortions, but a refusal to provide abortions
under a wide range of circumstances. We included a direct quote from the majority opinion of
this case to highlight its effect on the abortion issue.
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
Studying the court transcripts and court opinions of Roe v. Wade provided us essential
knowledge regarding the case and allowed us to gain a far more comprehensive understanding
of the abortion issue. We used quotes and excerpts from Sarah Weddington’s arguments in
support of Roe’s right to have an abortion, Flower and Floyd’s arguments against the
legalization of abortion, and both the majority opinion and dissenting opinions of the court. We
also included in our website excerpts of the court opinions using a document reader, which
serves as an interactive element of our project.
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, (1973). (White, J., dissenting).
We used direct quotes from Justice Byron White’s dissenting opinion for Roe v. Wade. Using
information directly taken from the dissenting opinion as well as a large excerpt (seen on the
Decision: Opposition page), we were able to outline the reasons for the 2 Supreme Court
justices who voted against Roe.
Roe v. Wade Oral Argument. Rec. 1971. 1973. Oyez. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/19701979/1971/1971_70_18>.
We took audio clips from this full length recording of the oral argument of Roe v. Wade,
recorded at the case itself (and is therefore a primary source). Using these audio clips, we were
able to show crucial parts of the support and opposition’s argument in our pages for “During the
Case”.
Roe v. Wade Oral Reargument. Rec. 1972. 1973. Oyez. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/19701979/1971/1971_70_18>.
We took audio clips from this full length recording of the oral argument of Roe v. Wade,
recorded at the case itself (and is therefore a primary source). Using these audio clips, we were
able to show crucial parts of the support and opposition’s argument in our pages for “During the
Case”. Unlike the initial argument, Sarah Weddington made specifically stronger arguments for
the constitutionality of abortion and the rights of women which she had faltered on in her original
argument.
Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000).
Stenberg v. Carhart struck down Nebraska’s ban on “partialbirth abortion”, asserting that
such a ban placed an “undue burden” on a woman’s right to have an abortion. However,
allthough the case followed the precedents of Roe and Planned Parenthood, the court was
sharply divided over the case in a 54 decision, showing the complicated nature of the abortion
issue.
United States v. Vuitch, 402 U.S. 62 (1971).
This court case contested the District of Columbia law which was “unconstitutionally vague” in
terms of its limitations on abortion. The District Court ruled that the world “health” was indeed
unconstitutionally vague, and required that the law be clarified. We used quotes from this case
on the Prior Court Cases page to emphasize the progression of the right to abortion in US
judicial courts prior to Roe.
Weaver, Warner. "High Court Rules Abortion Legal the First 3 Months." The New York Times [New
York] 23 Jan. 1973, sec. 1: 1. Print.
We used images of the newspaper on the Decision page to show America’s reaction to the
Supreme Court decision. This decision was so huge that it came second only to the death of
former President Lyndon B. Johnson, a huge news event in America.
Weddington, Sarah. “Winning Roe v. Wade: Q&A with Sarah Weddington Read more: Winning Roe v.
Wade: Q&A with Sarah Weddington.” Interview by Valerie Lapinski. TIME 22 Jan. 2013: n.
pag. Print.
We used this as interview to see how Sarah Weddington, the plaintiff’s lawyer, viewed the case
and its development throughout the years. She developed her opinion on how the women’s
movement for abortion rights and personal freedoms has progressed, and what she thinks the
future will be like for those who support abortion’s continuation. These quotes can be seen on
the AfterEffects page.
Whose Choice: How the Hyde Amendment Harms Poor Women. Center for Reproductive Rights.
Center for Reproductive Rights, 31 Sept. 2010. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://reproductiverights.org/en/feature/whosechoicehowthehydeamendmentharmspoor
women>.
We used this video on our postRoe cases page to show the effect of the Hyde Amendment on
lowincome women. It shows the changes to abortion rights, especially regarding financial
support for abortions (since according to the Hyde Amendment, Medicaid typically does not
provide financial aid to fund abortions), that have occurred since the Roe v. Wade decision.
Wind, Rebecca. Interview by Catherine Wang. 7 May. 2014.
Rebecca Wind serves as the Senior Communications Associate and Divisional Budget Manager
at the Guttmacher Institute location in New York City. The Guttmacher Institute is a nonprofit
organization which works to advance reproductive health including abortion rights. Their mission
statement is to "generate new ideas, encourage enlightened public debate, promote sound policy
and program development and, ultimately, inform individual decision making". We
corresponded with her through email multiple times to learn about Guttmacher Institute’s opinion
on the rise in abortion restrictions in recent years, a point which we highlighted on the long term
reception page, and also asked about the social impact of Roe v. Wade.
Secondary Sources
AP Photo. The 40th Anniversary of Roe v. Wade. 18 Jan. 2013. Photograph. US News.
We used these photos for our Title page presentation, and on select pages in the website. They
depict the battle for women’s right to abortion from the time of the case to the present, 40 years
after the case was decided.
Boonstra, Heather D. “The Heart of the Matter: Public Funding of Abortion for Poor Women in the
United States.” Guttmacher Institute. Ed. Guttmacher Institute. Guttmacher Institute, 2007.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/10/1/gpr100112.html>.
We used this to research the problems with funding abortion clinics that have existed since Roe
v. Wade was decided. The problem has grown more and more severe in recent years, and it
can be seen in our longterm reception page as well as our aftereffects page.
Balkin, Jack M., ed. What Roe v. Wade should have said. New York and London: New York UP,
2005. Print.
We used this book simply as a reference for opinions on the case in the aftermath of the case
especially. It also enlightens us on some of the finer details of the case that the general overviews
would miss, such as the personal opinions before, during, and after the case of multiple Supreme
Court Justices, as well as the opinions of several experts in the field of law regarding the
decision of the Roe v. Wade case.
"Various." Cartoon. The Cagle Post. Ed. Various. Cagle Cartoons, n.d. Web. 10 May 2014..
We used various cartoons republished by The Cagle Post regarding points of views regarding
the right to abortion America by such cartoonists as Gary McCoy, ASAY (originally printed in
the Gazette) and AUTH (whose cartoon was originally published in The Philadelphia Inquirer in
2011). All four cartoons regarding abortion can be found on the Long Term Reception page at
the bottom prior to Statistics, and show the polarized American point of view regarding Roe v.
Wade’s effect on America.
CBN News. “March for life pushes the ‘Adoption Option’. Youtube. youtube.com, 6 February
2013. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnMnw95NyeA>.
We used this video in our pages to show the prolife movement against Roe v. Wade that has
continued to grow 40 years after the decision of the case was made. The shouts and chants of
the people are common arguments that are made during marches that support the prolife
movement and hope to repeal the decision made in 1973. It can be found in our longterm
reception page.
Center for Reproductive Rights. “Roe v. Wade Then and Now.” Center for Reproductive Rights.
Ed. Center for Reproductive Rights. reproductiverights.org, 1 July 2007. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://reproductiverights.org/en/document/roevwadethenandnow>.
We used this to research the problems that Roe v. Wade faces in today’s world, especially
regarding changes that have taken place in legislation for abortion and availability of abortion
clinics in the United States. This website provides in depth information on not only the decision
of the case, but also the apparent dismantling of Roe’s policies, the four pillars of Roe, and Roe
in the 21st century. We have used these ideas to structure our webpages, especially regarding
pages for during the case and after the case.
Chicago Tribune Company, LLC. “Timeline of Abortion Laws and Events.” Chicago Tribune. Ed.
Chicago Tribune Company, LLC. Chicago Tribune Company, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.chicagotribune.com/snsabortiontimeline,0,7911413.story>.
We used this to create timelines of the before and after effects of Roe v. Wade, as it provides
detailed historical information on public reception and legislative efforts by the US House of
Representatives and Senate. It also outlines some major social events that took place which
influenced the Roe decision. This information can be found in the before Roe and after Roe
pages.
Chung, Jamie. “40 years after Roe v. Wade: Inside North Dakota’s only abortion clinic.” Time U.S.
Time, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
<http://nation.time.com/2013/01/22/40yearsafterroeinsidenorthdakotasonlyabortionclin
ic/photo/01120924_time_clinic_day10239bcrop/>.
We used these photos to take a look at the conditions that exist inside North Dakota’s abortion
clinics in the present day, as it is an example of one of the few states which only have one
abortion clinic in the entire area. The conditions although clean and acceptable, are undermined
by the name of the abortion clinic itself “Red River”, and we used this idea to bring up the
prolife movement’s push to shame women into avoiding abortions.
"Connecticut and the Comstock Law." Connecticut History. Connecticut Humanities, n.d. Web. 4
Mar. 2014. <http://connecticuthistory.org/connecticutandthecomstocklaw/>.
This website gave an overview of the Comstock laws, particularly the Comstock law passed in
Connecticut. This law was the strictest antiabortion law during its time period. This website
also provided a satirical cartoon of Comstock, which we used in our website to describe
America's views on abortion during the 19th century, and a photograph of Comstock, which we
also used in our website.
CulpRessler, Tara. "How Some States Are Rolling Back The Clock To A Time Before Roe v. Wade."
ThinkProgress 22 Jan. 2013: n. pag. ThinkProgress. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/01/22/1480281/lifebeforeroe/>.
This article focused on the socioeconomic demographic of women who received abortions,
and also spoke about how states have been recently repealing abortion rights, bringing us back
to a state similar to that before the Roe v. Wade decision. We used this in our discussion of
America's stance on abortion before and after Roe v. Wade.
Cushman, Robert F., ed. Leading Constitutional Decisions. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Print.
We used this book as a reference for the court case documents of Roe v. Wade. It gave us
specific details from the court case’s decision, including quotes from both lawyers, questions
from the Supreme Court justices, and a brief synopsis of the majority/dissenting opinions of the
72 decision. The information can be found in the pages for during the case.
Dallas News. Signed Majority Opinion of Roe v. Wade. 9 Nov. 2013. Photograph. Library of
Congress, Washington, DC.
We used this reprint of the signed Majority Opinion on the Decision page to show what the
“Majority Opinion” released by the Supreme Court in January of 1973 would have look like
with the signatures of the Justices who had listened to the case. It added to the visual aspect of
the site.
"Dissent from Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton and their Progeny." EndRoe. NCHLA,
n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. <http://endroe.org/dissentswhite.aspx>.
We used this page to provide information on the dissents of the Supreme Court justices and
also for the pictures of the Justices who dissented.
Faux, Marian. Roe v. Wade: The Untold Story of the Landmark Supreme Court Decision That
Made Abortion Legal. N.p.: Cooper Square, 2000. Print.
Faux’s book on the story behind Roe v. Wade gave us a comprehensive review of the story
behind Norma McCorvey (“Jane Roe”) as well as her interactions with lawyers Sarah
Weddington and Linda Coffee. She gives insight about the abortion issue prior to the case, and
also provides extensive information regarding the debate and decision of the case, which we
incorporated into our website. We used quotes of Faux’s analysis to highlight the main
arguments of the two sides of the case.
Feminism101.com. “Timeline: Abortion Rights.” Feminism 101. Ed. Feminism101.com.
Feminism101.com, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.feminism101.com/timelineabortion.html>.
We were able to use this website to display the course of events that have taken place from the
beginnings of abortion’s existence in history to the current day events. This site uses a distinct
“feminist tone” so we were careful to consider this when using the site. Still, we used some
information in our pages (especially the timeline pages) for before the case and after the case.
Fragile Promise of Choice: Abortion in the US Today. Dir. Dorothy Fadiman. Choice At Risk.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://choiceatrisk.org/videos.shtml>. We used these video clips to show
the effects in the aftermath of the case, particularly regarding further court cases and effect on
women’s lives.
Gold, Rachel Benson. "Lessons from Before Roe: Will Past be Prologue?" Guttmacher Institute. Alan
Guttmacher Institute, Mar. 2003. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/06/1/gr060108.html>.
This website (from the Guttmacher Institute, which is focused on advancing women's rights
regarding sexual and reproductive health) provides a brief overview of abortion prior to Roe v.
Wade. It gave me insight about the illegal abortions that were prevalent prior to the landmark
decision. The author illustrates her support of the Roe v. Wade decision with graphs illustrating
abortion trends and abortion laws over the past few decades.
Gold, Rachel Benson. Abortion and Women's Health: A Turning Point for America?, The Alan
Guttmacher Institute, New York, 1990.
This book contained a relevant image that showed which states had legalized abortion by 1972,
right before the Roe v. Wade decision. This image proved to be extremely useful in illustrating
the effect of the Model Penal Code, which reformed abortion laws in the years leading up to
Roe v. Wade.
Greenhouse, Linda, and Reva Siegel. Before Roe v. Wade. 2nd ed. N.p.: n.p., 2012. Print.
We found this source to be extremely helpful in researching the historical background of Roe v.
Wade, particularly during the years directly before the court decision. It gave a thorough of the
perspective women had toward abortion before it was legalized, as well as viewpoints from
both proabortion and antiabortion figures. We used quotes from this book on various pages
of the website, including “Immediate Reception” as well as “Debate: Support”. We also
contacted Linda Greenhouse and corresponded with her personally through email (see primary
sources).
"History of Abortion." National Abortion Federation. National Abortion Federation, n.d. Web. 4
Mar. 2014. <http://www.prochoice.org/>.
This website was extremely helpful in giving an overview of abortion both before and after Roe
v. Wade. Along with the timeline of the history of abortion, the website also provided some
statistics. However, much of the information presented is under proabortion stance, so I was
mindful in evaluating the website's content and attempted to lessen the bias as much as possible.
Huffington Post Politics. “I’ll Not Yield” Wendy Davis Takes A Stand In Texas. Youtube.
youtube.com, 1 July 2011. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je3lRGs_AA>.
We used this site for the video of Wendy Davis’s filibuster in the summer of 2013, in the
LongTerm reception page of our website. It was important, as it showed the distinct pressure
that has been put on prochoice activists to maintain their ground against legislation that has
been distinctly antiabortion in recent years.
Joffe, Carol. “Roe v. Wade and Beyond: Forty Years of Legal Abortion in the United States.” Dissent.
Ed. Dissent Magazine. Dissent Magazine, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/roevwadeandbeyondfortyyearsoflegalabortion
intheunitedstates>.
We used this website as a reference for the “effects” that Roe v. Wade had on America,
economically, socially, and politically. It was especially important in our AfterEffects page of
the website, and we based a lot of our organization of that page (including effects on income,
education, and the feminist movement) specifically off of the article itself.
Kliff, Sarah. "Thirteen charts that explain how Roe v. Wade changed abortion rights." Washington Post
22 Jan. 2014: n. pag. Washington Post. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/01/22/thirteenchartsthatexplain
howroevwadechangedabortionrights/>.
This article provided a multitude of graphs that illustrated abortion statistics, along with a brief
analysis of each graph. These graphs proved especially relevant as we documented the effect of
Roe v. Wade on both the mindsets of the American public (regarding the ethicality of abortion)
and on the legal position that the nation and states have taken on abortion.
Knappman, Edward W., et al. Great American Trials. Detroit: Visible Ink, 1994. Print.
We used this book as a reference for general information regarding Roe v. Wade. We were
also able to find dissenting opinions and the longterm reception of the American public and the
American political system towards this case in this book.
Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. Print.
We used this book to display the interesting opinion that Roe v. Wade may have enabled the
crime rate in America to go down. We used a quote from this book to demonstrate the effect of
the case on crime in the AfterEffects page of the after Roe section of the website.
Levy, Ariel. “Lift and Separate.” New Yorker. N.p., 16 Nov. 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2009/11/16/091116crbo_books_levy?currentP
age=all>.
We used a photo from this article to display the feminist movement while Roe v. Wade was
taking place. It can be seen in the “Effect on the Feminist Movement” section of the
AfterEffects webpage.
Lewis, J., and O. Shimabukuro. "Abortion Law Development: A Brief Overview." Almanac of Policy
Issues. N.p., 8 Jan. 2001. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.policyalmanac.org/culture/archive/crs_abortion_overview.shtml>.
This website gave a detailed overview of abortion legislation throughout the years, which was
extremely relevant in our research of the historical background behind Roe v. Wade. The
authors utilize a professional and relatively neutral tone throughout, and much of the website's
content lies on concrete description of legislation and court cases instead of opinionated
commentary. The page also includes various citations toward court decisions, indicating
indepth research and supported evidence
NRLC. “Abortion History Timeline.” National Right to Live. Ed. NRLC and PicoSearch. NRLC, n.d.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/history/>.
This source was used in a similar way to the Feminist101 and Chicago Tribune source, to
display the changing opinions and laws regarding abortion that have taken place since Roe v.
Wade.
NWLC. “Roe v. Wade and the Right to Abortion.” National Women’s Law Center. Ed. National
Women’s Law Center. National Women’s Law Center, 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.nwlc.org/resource/roevwadeandrightabortion>.
We used this website for general knowledge on the case, as well as for pictures for the Silent
No More campaign. The Silent No More campaign was used to show the negative
psychological effects that abortions may have on women. It can be found on the After Effects
page.
Oz8drive, and WarThemedRevolution. Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe from Roe v. Wade) Becomes
Prolife. Youtube. Youtube.com, 4 May 2011. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc_TgP3QLE4>.
We used this to show Jane Roe aka Norma McCorvey’s switch to become prolife, showing
the effect that the prolife movement has created in the modern day. The video can be found on
the LongTerm Reception page of the after Roe section.
"People & Events: Anthony Comstock's 'Chastity' Laws." American Experience: The Pill. PBS, n.d.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_comstock.html>.
This website described the Comstock laws, which were antiobscenity laws that severely limited
a woman's access to materials regarding contraceptives or abortion. This website gave us an
idea of the limited nature of abortions in the 19th and early 20th century.
Pichler, Susanne. “Roe v. Wade: Its History and Impact.” Ed. Deborah Golub, MPH. Planned
Parenthood. Ed. Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. Katharine Dexter
McCormick Library, 29 Dec. 2006. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.plannedparenthood.org/resources/researchpapers/roevwade6578.htm>.
We used this to research the history and impact of Roe v. Wade particularly in the viewpoint of
reproductive care clinics such as Planned Parenthood, and also called into the Planned
Parenthood executive office (see primary sources) for more information about the official
standpoint that Planned Parenthood takes on the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, since it
has such a large impact on their business..
Pickert, Kate. “What Choice?” Time Magazine. Time, 14 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
<http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2132761,00.html>.
We used this article to show the antichoice, antiabortion sentiment that has grown in the past
40 years since the original court case was decided. Not only has the social backlash grown, but
the Supreme Court has also rescinded some of the rights that they permitted in the original case
in further court cases, as the Justices change.
Reisman, Judith, Dr. "HOW JUNK SCIENCE ABOLISHED LEGAL PROTECTIONS FOR
WOMEN, CHILDREN & THE FAMILY The Kinsey Reports: Crimes & Consequences
1948Today." The Council for National Policy. Boston, Massacheusetts. 13 Oct. 2001. Dr.
Judith Reisman. Ed. Judith Reisman, Dr. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2014.
<http://www.drjudithreisman.com/how.html>.
We used an image provided in the transcribed speech on the Timeline: Abortion in America
before 1973 to show a visual depiction of the Model Penal code. The Model Penal code was
one of the first modern codes to consider permitting abortion in the case that the pregnancy
endangered the mother’s life.
Rovner, Julie. “‘Roe v. Wade’ Turns 40, But Abortion Debate Is Even Older.” NPR. Ed. NPR. NPR,
22 Jan. 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/01/22/169637288/roevwadeturns40butabortion
debateisevenolder>.
We used this for information on the extent and history of the abortion debate, and as a source
for photos.
“Roe v. Wade and the Right to Abortion.” National Women’s Law Center. National Women’s Law
Center, 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.nwlc.org/resource/roevwadeandrightabortion#factsheet>.
We used this website for factual information on Roe v. Wade and the statistics for abortions that
have taken place in the United States since Roe was decided.
“Roe v. Wade Case Brief Summary.” Lawnix. Lawnix, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.lawnix.com/cases/roewade.html>.
We used this website for general information on Roe v. Wade. Much of it was used to structure
the site into before during, and after the case.
“Roe v. Wade.” Cornell Law. Cornell University, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113>.
We used this source for general information on Roe v. Wade and for specific insight into the
case (using the papers from the case and the transcribed arguments).
"Roe v. Wade: Its History and Impact." Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood Federation of
America, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.plannedparenthood.org/resources/researchpapers/roevwade6578.htm>.
This website helped us develop our understanding of the history behind Roe v. Wade. It
includes some cases that lead to the development of the Roe v. Wade decision, as well as the
legality of abortion prior to the decision. The website also gives statistics that describe abortion
conditions prior to legalization and afterward, which helped give us an idea of the effect of the
legalization of abortion.
RSF Review. “The Rise of Women: Seven Charts Showing Women’s Rapid Gains in Educational
Achievement.” Russel Sage Foundation. Ed. RSF. Russel Sage Foundation, 21 Feb. 2013.
Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.russellsage.org/blog/risewomensevenchartsshowingwomensrapidgainseduc
ationalachievement>.
We used this to show the gains in achievement that women have made since Roe v. Wade was
decided in the aftermath portion.
Scheidell, Dora. "Pioneers of women's rights movement reflect on Roe v. Wade anniversary." CNY
Central 22 Jan. 2013: n. pag. CNY Central. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.cnycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=851055#.UxZdVfldWSo>.
The reporter of this article interviewed women who had experienced the effect of abortion
legalization speaking about the importance of a woman having the right to abortion. We used a
clip of this video in our website to illustrate the proabortion viewpoint prior to the Roe v. Wade
decision. We felt as though these video clips gave a more emotional argument to the
proabortion vi
“Silent No More Campaign.” SPUC. SPUC, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<https://www.spuc.org.uk/about/snm/>.
We used this website for photos on the Silent No More campaign, which displays the
psychological toll that abortion takes on women.
"Slide Show: Roe v. Wade and the Struggle for Legalized Abortion." New Yorker [New York]: n. pag.
New Yorker. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2013/01/slideshowroevwadeandthe
struggleforlegalizedabortion.html>.
This article provided ten photographs, along with captions and sources, that illustrated the
proabortion versus antiabortion debate, from as far as 70 years ago to the present. We used
these photographs throughout our website, such as in our homepage.
“Supreme Court Cases.” Oyez. ChicagoKent College of Law, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/19701979/1971/1971_70_18>.
We used this website for information on the Supreme Court cases for quotes and images for our
pages for During and After the case. It provided not only secondary sources, but primary
sources, including audios (see primary sources).
Thomson Reuters. “STENBERG, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEBRASKA, et al. v. CARHART.”
FindLaw. Ed. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=530&invol=914>.
We used this for information on a later Supreme Court case that was affected by Roe, Stenberg
v. Carhart.
TIME. “40 Years After Roe: Inside North Dakota’s Only Abortion Clinic.” Time U.S. Ed. TIME.
TIME, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://nation.time.com/2013/01/22/40yearsafterroeinsidenorthdakotasonlyabortionclin
ic/photo/01120924_time_clinic_day10239bcrop/>.
We used this for information on the limitations that exist on Roe v. Wade 40 years after the case
took place.
Ushistory.org. “Roe v. Wade and Its Impact.” U.S. History Online Textbook. Ed. Ushistory.org.
Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.ushistory.org/us/57d.asp>.
We used this for general information on the impact of Roe v. Wade in the United States in the
aftermath of the decision. Its information can be seen in the AfterEffects page and to structure
some of the other after Roe pages.
“Whose Choice: How the Hyde Amendment Harms Poor Women.” Center for Reproductive Rights.
Ed. Center for Reproductive Rights. reproductiverights.org, 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 4 Mar.
2014.
<http://reproductiverights.org/en/feature/whosechoicehowthehydeamendmentharms
poorwomen>.
This site provided us with a video on how the Hyde Amendment, which took place after Roe v.
Wade, hurt lowincome women. Unable to get abortions, lowincome women seeking abortions
were hurt financially.
Youth Rally & Mass for Life Company. “2014 Event Recap.” Youth Rally & Mass for Life. Ed. Youth
Rally & Mass for Life Company. Archdiocese of Washington, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2014.
We used this for information on the prolife movement and the arguments that they make
regarding restrictions on abortion from a religious standpoint. We also talked to several students
about these restrictions.
