New Species of Dohrniphora Related to D. longirostrata (Diptera: Phoridae)

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New Species of Dohrniphora Related to D longirostrata(Diptera Phoridae)Author(s) Giar-Ann Kung and Brian V BrownSource Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98(1)55-62 2005Published By Entomological Society of AmericaDOI httpdxdoiorg1016030013-8746(2005)098[0055NSODRT]20CO2URL httpwwwbiooneorgdoifull1016030013-8746282005290985B00553ANSODRT5D20CO3B2

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SYSTEMATICS

New Species of Dohrniphora Related to D longirostrata(Diptera Phoridae)

GIAR-ANN KUNG AND BRIAN V BROWN

Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007

Ann Entomol Soc Am 98(1) 55ETH62 (2005)

ABSTRACT Five new species of NeotropicalDohrniphora related toD longirostrata are describedD apharea D bicostula D conlanorum D oricilla and D perpendicularis Most species differencesare found in the area of the ventrobasal concavity of the posterior face of the male hind femur TheD longirostrata-group is diagnosed each species illustrated with scanning electron micrographs anda key to males of all species is presented

KEY WORDS Phoridae Dohrniphora Neotropical taxonomy

THE GENUSDohrniphoraDahl is a group of phorids thatis found worldwide whose larvae include scavengersfungivores kleptoparasites facultative predators andparasitoids With 160 described species it is the thirdlargest genus in the family after Megaselia Rondaniand Apocephalus Coquillett Adults of this genus arerelatively large and are often encountered by generalcollectors One species D cornuta (Bigot) is oftensynanthropic and has apparently been widely distrib-uted by human activities

The taxonomic and natural history literature ofDohrniphora was reviewed by Disney (1994) Themajority of species are found in warm parts of theworld and the faunasof theAustralasianOriental andAfrotropical regions have been recently reviewed byDisney (1990 2003) The most diverse fauna how-ever both in terms of structure and number of speciesis that of the Neotropical Region which has not re-ceived a comprehensive treatment since the papers ofBorgmeier (1960 1961)

A distinctive Neotropical species is D longirostrata(Enderlein) whose females have a greatly elongateproboscis and a broad thickening of the costal vein ofthe wing (Enderlein 1912a Fig 1) Because the fe-males were somewhat different from those of otherDohrniphora species Enderlein erected a separate ge-nus Crepidopachys for them (soon rejected by Mal-loch 1913) The male of this species was later de-scribedbyBorgmeier and itshind femur structurewasillustrated (Borgmeier 1960 Fig 10)

In sorting specimens of Neotropical Dohrniphorawe observed that our tentatively identiTHORNed D lon-girostrata included a number of slightly differentforms that we here recognize as separate species Wetherefore take this opportunity to diagnose the Dlongirostrata group of species clarify the identity ofthe type species and describe THORNve new species

Materials and Methods

Most specimens were collected into alcohol by us-ing Malaise traps They were dried using hexameth-yldisilazane (Brown 1993) and glued to the side ofinsect pins In addition to the usual insect label eachspecimen is barcode labeled (barcode facing down-ward underneath the locality label) and has its datastored in a computer database at the Natural HistoryMuseum of Los Angeles County (LACM)

The taxonomy of Dohrniphora is based on malespecimens and only these have been discussed indetail Presumed female specimens of some speciesare known but they show few taxonomically signiTHORN-cant differences and are not considered here Most ofthe species characters are found in the male hindfemur and even for routine identiTHORNcation it is likelythat a separate preparation of this structure is neces-sary We used either slide mounting or a scanningelectron microscope (SEM) Slide mounts were pre-pared by clearing legs in phenol and then mounting inCanada balsam diluted with some phenol (Wirth andMarston 1968) Scanning electron micrographs wereproduced with a Hitachi model S-3000N SEM andstandard coating procedures

Male genitalia which are useful for recognizingspecies differences in many groups of szligies are ex-tremely uniform in the species ofDohrniphora studiedhere We examined genitalia of all species but foundno useful differences

Terms used are those of the Manual of NearcticDiptera (McAlpine 1981) but it was necessary toderive some new terms for the structures of the hindfemur (Fig 1) Most species of Dohrniphora have adistinctive posterior (inner) face of the hind femurwhere especially ventrobasally there are often shortthick setae (sensorial pins of Borgmeier spinulecomplex of Disney) found in diagnostic patterns as

0013-8746050055ETH0062$04000 2005 Entomological Society of America

well as various concavities and tubercles These struc-tures probably act as specialized nongenitalic struc-tures (sensu Eberhard 1985) used by males duringcopulation to induce females to use their sperm Thedetailed observations by Barnes (1990) on the matingbehavior of D cornuta support this supposition

The frontal ratio was calculated for each species bydividing frontal width at midheight by frontal height

Costal sector ratios are the distance between thehumeral crossvein and R1 (sector 1) distance be-tween R1 and R2 3 (sector 2) distance betweenR2 3 and R4 5 (sector 3) All costal sector mea-surements are divided by the value of sector 3

Range maps and color images of each species areposted on BVBOtildes Web site at wwwphoridnetphoridaedohrniphorahtm

The following collection abbreviations were usedCNCI Canadian National Collection of Insects Ag-riculture Canada Ottawa EAPC Agroecological In-ventory Collection Escuela Agrotildecola PanamericanaHonduras INBC Instituto Nacional de BiodiversidadCosta Rica LACM Natural History Museum of LosAngeles County USA MACN Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales Argentina MCZC Museum ofComparative Zoology Harvard University USAMIUP Museo de Invertebrados Universidad de Pan-ama MUCR Museo de Insectos Universidad de Costa

Rica NHRS ETHNaturhistoriska Riksmuseet SwedenQCAZ Quito Catholic Zoology Museum EcuadorUNCB Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Na-cional de Colombia and USNM National Museum ofNatural History Washington DC

Genus Dohrniphora Dahl

Dohrniphora Dahl 1898 188 Type species D dorhniDahl by monotypyDiploneura subgenusDohrniphora Schmitz 1929 107Crepidopachys Enderlein 1912a 16 Type species Clongirostrata Enderlein by original designationSynonymized by Malloch 1913 24Pronomiorpha Enderlein 1912b 46 Type species Prostrata Enderlein by original designation Synon-ymized by Malloch 1913 24

Diagnosis Frons with one pair reclinate supra-an-tennal setae Anterior thoracic spiracle lateral in po-sition Anepisternum undivided dorsally setose Wingpresent extremely long wing setae absent with veinR2 3 present Foretibia with three to eight anterodor-sal setae without dorsal longitudinal setal palisadeMidtibia with basal pair of setae (one anterodorsalone posterodorsal) single subapical anterodorsal setaand incomplete dorsal longitudinal setal palisade that

Fig 1 D longirostrata Enderlein hind femur posterobasal

56 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol 98 no 1

extends from base to apical three-quarters Hind tibiawith or without isolated setae with one dorsal lon-gitudinal setal palisade Male terminalia with dorsallyincomplete epandrial ring between epandrium andcercus (Brown 1992 Fig 28E) Male cercus erectFemale abdominal segment 7 with lateral sclerite

D longirostrata group

DiagnosisFemale proboscis greatly elongate 055body length (see Web site for photograph of a femalespecimen) Female costa greatly thickened (Ender-lein 1912a Fig 1) male costa not thickened Pleuronand scutum usually dark brown like midcoxa exceptinD longirostratawhere they are yellow Three thickdorsal setae and posterodorsal row of thinner shortersetae present on foretibia Hind tibia with single an-terodorsal setae on basal one-half Male hind femurwith ventrobasal concavity and relatively long prox-imal setae short thick setae (sensorial pins) foundin most other Dohrniphora species lacking Venter ofmale abdomen usually yellow to white (except in Dapharea new species)

Females are easily distinguished from all otherDohrniphora by the long proboscis and the thickenedcosta Males belonging to this group can be recognizedby the single anterodorsal seta on the hind tibia andthe setae of the posterior face of the hind femur whichare unusually long and extremely proximal in place-mentNatural HistoryNothing is published about the life

history of these szligies but we have found females as-sociated with injured ponerine ants on three occasions(Table 1) All szligies were attracted to crushed antsplaced on white index cards (for better visibility) Onall occasions the female szligies hooked their large pro-boscis onto the ant and walked backwards apparentlyattempting to drag it off the card At Bilsa threefemales were attracted to the ants and they engagedin possible aggressive interactions violently shakingand seeming to try to expel competitors No otherobservations were made

D apharea n sp(Fig 2)

Recognition This species is most easily recognizedby the distinctive THORNn-shaped ventral tooth of the ven-trobasal concavity of the hind femurDescriptionMaleBody length205ETH265mmFron-

tal ratio 091ETH114 Frons brown Flagellomere 1 andpalpus light brown Scutum and scutellum brown An-terior pair of scutellar setae approximately one-third

the length and thickness of posterior pair Pleuronbrown shiny Wing length 220ETH265 mm Costallength 051ETH057 wing length Mean costal sector ratio1230302100 range 833ETH1280178ETH333100 Halteryellow Forecoxa yellow Midcoxa brown shiny sim-ilar to pleuron Hind coxa yellow shiny Posterior faceof hind femur with three long relatively straight thickproximal setaeProximal apexofventrobasal concavitywith sinuous margin and short basal carina Dorsalcarina extending from distal margin of ventral toothabsent Ventral margin relatively evenly curved Hindcoxal lobes (Disney 1990) extremely small yellowTergites dark brown covered in short THORNne setae Ven-ter of abdomen dark brown Cercus 034ETH039 mmGeographical Distribution Middle elevation sites

in Bolivia and EcuadorDerivationofSpecificEpithetThename is fromthe

Greek wordaphareusmeaning ventral THORNn referring tothe THORNn-like ventral tooth projecting from the ventro-basal concavity of the hind femurHolotype ECUADOR Esmeraldas Bilsa Biolog-

ical Station 034 N 7971 W 7ETH19-VII-1996 P HibbsFlight intercept trap 500 m (LACM) [barcodeLACM ENT 136061]Paratypes BOLIVIA La Paz 40 km N Caranavi

Cumbre Alto Beni 1583 S 6756 W 1 (thorax usedfor molecular study) 12ETH19-IV-2003 B Brown S Mar-cotte E Zumbado Malaise trap 1600 m (LACM)ECUADOR Esmeraldas Bilsa Biological Station 034N 7971 W 1 7ETH19-VII-1996 P Hibbs Flight in-tercept trap 500 m (LACM) Napo 5 km N El Chaco037 S 7781 W 6 15-II-1983 M Sharkey Malaisetrap (LACM QCAZ) 4 15ETH23-II-1983 L MasnerM Sharkey Malaise trap 2000 m (CNCI LACM)Zamora Chinchipe Rio Bombuscaro 412 S 7898 W1 26-VIETH4-VII-1996 P Hibbs Malaise trap 1000 m1 26-VIETH4-VII-1996 P Hibbs Malaise trap 1100 m1 26-VIETH4-VII-1996 P Hibbs Malaise trap 1250 m(LACM)

D bicostula n sp(Fig 3)

Recognition This species is distinguished from theothers by the presence of a second prominent carinaon the ventrobasal concavity of the hind femur inaddition to the dorsal carina of the ventral tooth Thisadditional carina extends distally from the proximalapex to near-middle of the concavityDescriptionMaleBody length185ETH208mmFron-

tal ratio 087ETH108 Frons dark brown Flagellomere 1and palpus orange Scutum and scutellum brownScutellar setae with anterior pair slightly greater than

Table 1 Ant association records for D longirostrata-group species

Possible szligy species Ant species Locality

D apharea n sp Odontomachus mormo Brown Bilsa Biological St EcuadorD longirostrata (Enderlein) Odontomachus haematodus (L) Desengano State Park BrazilD oricilla n sp Pachycondyla obscuricornis Emery PNN Utria Colombia

As female szligies cannot be identiTHORNed to species their identiTHORNcation is tentative and based on males collected at the same site

January 2005 KUNG AND BROWN NEW SPECIES OF Dohrniphora 57

one-quarter the length and thickness of posterior pairPleuron brown Wing length 162ETH202 mm Costalratio 052ETH057 wing length Mean costal sector ratio1016213100 range 817ETH1160150ETH260100 Halterpale yellow Forecoxa yellow Midcoxa brown Hindcoxa pale yellow shiny Posterior face of hind femurwith two relatively straight thick long proximalsetae Ventrobasal concavity with rounded proximalapex continuous with short carina extended distally

one-third length of concavity Dorsal carina shortapproximately one-quarter the length of concavityVentral margin curved reszligexed on basal one-thirdHind coxal lobes extremely small yellow Tergitesdark brown almost black laterally orange antero-medially Orange coloration may extend distally totergite 5 or may only be faintly present on a fewtergites Venter of abdomen pale yellow Cercus026ETH031 mm

Figs 2ndash7 Hind femora posterobasal 2D apharea new species 3D bicostula new species 4D conlanorum new speciesspecimen with proximal setae anterior to proximal apex 5D conlanorumnew species specimen with proximal setae posteriorto proximal apex 6 D oricilla new species 7 D perpendicularis new species


Geographical Distribution Amazonian ColombiaDerivation of Specific Epithet The name is Latin

for two small ridges referring to the presence of twocarinae on the ventrobasal area of the hind femurHolotype COLOMBIA Amazonas PNN Ama-

cayacu Matamata 382 S 7026 W 4ETH11-XII-2000CAP-1117 A Parente Malaise trap 150 m (UNCB)[barcode LACM ENT 153737]ParatypesCOLOMBIA Amazonas Lorena 304 S

6999 W 1 27-VIIIETH1-IX-2001 M Sharkey D Cam-pos Malaise trap 210 m PNN Amacayacu Matamata382 S 7026 W 1 26-VIETH7-VII-2000 CAP-685 1 17-XII-2000ETH2-I-2001 CAP-1123 A Parente Malaisetrap Mocagua 382 S 7026 W 1 12ETH19-III-2000CAP-97 A Parente Malaise trap 150 m San Martotilden382 S 7026 W 22ETH30-IV-2000 CAP-90 B AmadoMalaise trap 150 m (LACM UNCB)

D conlanorum n sp(Figs 4 and 5)

RecognitionThe shorter thinner and often curvedproximal setae on the hind femur easily differentiatethis species from the othersDescriptionMaleBody length195ETH245mmFron-

tal ratio 088ETH100 Frons dark brown Flagellomere 1and palpus orange Scutum and scutellum dark brownAnterior pair of scutellar setae one-third the lengthand thickness of posterior pair Pleuron brown to darkbrown Wing length 193ETH240 mm Costal length 051ETH056 wing length Mean costal sector ratio 1118278100 range 933ETH1167233ETH450100 Halter whiteForecoxa yellow Midcoxa brown to dark brown sim-ilar to pleuron Hind coxa white to yellow Posteriorface of hind femur with two shorter thinner oftencurved proximal setae originating either behind (Fig4) or on top of (Fig 5) ventral margin of ventrobasalconcavity Proximal apex of hind femur with smalldorsal curve and small basal point Dorsal carina shortapproximately one-THORNfth length of ventrobasal concav-ity Ventral margin of ventrobasal concavity sinuousconvex at midpoint Hind coxal lobes extremely smallyellow Tergite 1 mostly orange sometimes with straydark lateral markings Medial half of tergites 2ETH5 or-ange laterally dark brown to blackish Tergite 6 darkbrown slightly shiny Venter of abdomen white toyellow Cercus 031ETH038 mmGeographical Distribution Costa RicaDerivation of Specific Epithet This species is ded-

icated to Chris and Mila Conlan supporters of theEntomologySectionof theNaturalHistoryMuseumofLos Angeles CountyHolotype COSTA RICA Heredia La Selva Bi-

ological Station 1043 N 8402 W 27-III-1995 BBrown J Cantley Malaise trap CCC 850 (LACM)[barcode LACM ENT 005899]ParatypesCOSTA RICA Heredia La Selva Biolog-

ical Station 1043 N 8402 W 5 16ETH23-V-1988 BVBrown Malaise trap primary forest SSO 50 40 m 3 23ETH26-V-1988 BV Brown Malaise trap primary for-est CES 200 40 m 2 23ETH26-V-1988 BV BrownMalaise trap primary forest CES 600 40 m 3

21-IVETH1-V 1989 BV Brown D Feener Malaisetrap primary forest SSO 1500 40 m 1 1ETH8-V-1989BV Brown D Feener Malaise trap SSO 1500 3 8ETH15-V-1989 BV Brown D Feener Malaise trapSSO 1500 3 15ETH21-V-1989 BV Brown D FeenerMalaise trap primary forest CCL 300 1 15ETH21-V-1989 BV Brown D Feener Malaise trapSHOSOR 1 1-IX-1992 M09199 ALAS Malaisetrap 3 15-IV-1993 M0265 ALAS Malaise trap 6 16-IV-1993 M1477 ALAS Malaise trap 1 2-V-1993 M0180 ALAS Malaise trap 6 5-VI-1993 M14120 ALAS Malaise trap 1 22ETH26vi1993 B Brown D Feener Malaise trap 2 2 22ETH26-VI-1993 B Brown D Feener Malaise trap 44 VI-1993 ALAS Malaise trap 1 1ETH6-VII-1993B Brown D Feener Malaise trap 1 3 6ETH11-VII-1993 B Brown D Feener Malaise trap 4 1 14-VIII-1993 M02181 ALAS Malaise trap 3 15-X-1993 M02293 ALAS Malaise trap 3 1-XI-1993M14260 ALAS Malaise trap 2 1-XII-1993 M14288 ALAS Malaise trap 8 1-XII-1993 M15289ALAS Malaise trap 1 15-XII-1993 M05296ALAS Malaise trap 4 15-I-1994 M01320 ALASMalaise trap Limon 4 km NE Bribri 963 N 8282 W11 XII-1989ETHIII-1990 P Hanson Malaise trap 7 kmSW Bribri 958 N 8288 W 6 IXETHX-1989 P Han-son Malaise trap (EMUS INBC LACM MCZCMUCR NHRS USNM)

D longirostrata Enderlein 1912(Fig 1)

Crepidopachys longirostrata Enderlein 1912a 17 (Santa Catarina Brazil)Dohrniphora longirostrata Malloch 1913 23Diploneura (Dohrniphora) longirostrata Schmitz

192978 107 108Dohrniphora ronchii Borgmeier 1923 52 ( Petropo-

lis Rio de Janeiro Brazil) Synonymized by Borg-meier 1960 267Crepidopachys ronchii Enderlein 1924 p 49Diploneura (Dohrniphora) ronchii Schmitz 192931

108

Syntypes 2 BRAZIL Santa Catarina State Lud-erwaldt (not examined Polish Academy of SciencesWarszawa Poland) Borgmeier (1960) lists the typelocality as Hamonia (now called Ibirama 271 S 495W)RecognitionBesides the distinctive structure of the

hind femur this species is easily distinguished by itsyellow pleuron and scutum (the other species are darkbrown)

It is unfortunate that the types of both C longiros-trata andD ronchiiwere females We now know thatwithin this genus the male is generally the sex with themost structural differences upon which to base spe-cies Fortunately we have newly collected materialfrom southeastern Brazil that makes the species iden-tity more certain

The illustration of Borgmeier (1960) (Fig 10) of thehind femur of this species shows three straight setae


and one curved across them Based on our SEM image(Fig 1) of this species however the curved setaBorgmeier illustrated probably represents the dorsallycurved proximal apexDescription Male Body length 170ETH255 mm

Frontal ratio 088ETH112 Frons dark brown to black-brown Flagellomere 1 and palpus orange Scutummostly yellow with brown to dark brown posterome-dial area Scutellum brown to black-brown Anteriorpair of scutellar setae approximately one-third thelength of posterior pair Pleuron yellow Wing length205ETH275 mm Costal length 051ETH054 wing lengthMean costal sector ratio 1008218100 range 834ETH1260171ETH242100 Halter yellow Fore- and hindcoxae whitish yellow similar to ventral half of pleuronMidcoxa brown Posterior face of hind femur withthree long thick relatively straight proximal setaeProximal apex pointed projecting posteriorly and dor-sally Dorsal carina of ventrobasal concavity extendsonlyone-half the lengthofconcavity extendedbasallyfrom ventral tooth Ventrobasal concavity with sinu-ous ventral margin Hind coxal lobes extremely smallyellow Tergite 1 yellow to orange Tergites 2ETH5 yellowto orange medially dark brown to black-brown later-ally Tergite 6 dark brown Venter of abdomen whiteto yellow Cercus 026ETH034 mmGeographical Distribution Northern Argentina

and Southeastern BrazilMaterial Examined ARGENTINA Misiones

Loreto 2732 S 5553 W 1 I-2001 P FidalgoMalaise trap Reserva de Vida Silvestre Uruguaotilde 2597S 5411 W 8 7ETH9-XII-2003 Malaise trap 5 4 cedil10ETH12-XII-2003 Malaise trap 2 8 (one specimenon slide hind legs only body used for molecularstudy) 10ETH12-XII-2003 Malaise trap 4 B Brown GKung 400 m (LACM MACN) BRAZIL Distrito Fed-eral Planaltina 1562 S 4767 W 1 6ETH25-X-1985SE Miller Malaise trap 1000 m (USNM) MinasGerais Belo Horizonte UFMG 1992 S 4397 WIV-1997 D Yanega Yellow pan traps (LACM)

D oricilla n sp(Fig 6)

Recognition The rounded complete dorsal carinaof the ventrobasal concavity of the hind femur readilydistinguishes this species from the restDescriptionMaleBody length165ETH250mmFron-

tal ratio 088ETH110 Frons dark brown to black-brownFlagellomere 1 and palpus orange Scutum and scute-llum dark brown to black-brown Anterior pair ofscutellar setae approximately two-THORNfths the length andone-third the thickness of posterior pair Pleuronbrown to dark brown Wing length 200ETH265 mmCostal length 050ETH053 wing length Mean costal sec-tor ratio 1086243100 range 900ETH1525217ETH467100 Halter yellow Forecoxa yellow to orangeMidcoxa brown to dark brown similar in color topleuron Hind coxa yellow Posterior face of hindfemur with two to three relatively straight thick longproximal setae Ventrobasal concavity with basallypointed proximal apex with rounded complete dark-

ened dorsal carina extending onto distal margin ofventral tooth A smaller smoother rounded carinaextends basally from ventral tooth Ventral margin ofventrobasal concavity curved dorsally at midpoint Inone specimen from Catacamas [LACM ENT 032364]basal anteroventral seta in addition to anterodorsalseta present on both hind tibiae Hind coxal lobesextremely small yellow Coloration of tergites variousoften with tergite 1 orange with or without dark lat-eral markings tergites 2ETH5 orange medially darkbrown to black-brown laterally tergite 6 brown manyspecimens with only dark brown to black-brown ter-gites lacking any orange coloration Venter of abdo-men white to yellow Cercus 025ETH039 mmGeographical Distribution Honduras Costa Rica

Panama and ColombiaDerivation of Specific Epithet The name is Latin

for ear referring the shape of the ventrobasal regionof the hind femurHolotype HONDURAS Olancho Catacamas

1583 N 8585 W 9-VI-1995 R Cordero Malaise trap600 m (LACM) [barcode LACM ENT 031880]Paratypes COLOMBIA Amazonas PNN Amacay-

acu Matamata 382 S 7026 W 1 15ETH23-X-2000CAP-849 1 11ETH17-XII-2000 CAP-1118 A ParenteMalaise trap 150 m San Martotilden 338 S 7010 W 1 2ETH15-I-2001 CAP-1319 B Amado Malaise trap 150 mBolivar SFF Los Colorados Diana 990 N 7512 W5 1ETH15-IX-2000 CAP-621 E Deulufeut Malaisetrap 150 m La Suiris 990 N 7512 W 32 1ETH15-IX-2000 CAP-617 3 2ETH16-XII-2000 CAP-945 1 16ETH31-XII-2000 CAP-948 E Deulufeut Malaise trap126 m Venado 990 N 7512 W 16 15ETH30-IX-2000CAP-620 28 16ETH30-XII-2000 CAP-922 E Deulu-feut Malaise trap 320 m Choco PNN UtrotildeaBoroboro 603 N 7732 W 4 5ETH19-VII-2000 CAP-335 J Perez Malaise trap 50 m Cocalito [SenderoCocalito] 602 N 7735 W 4 16-VIIIETH7-IX-2000CAP-819 4 18ETH28-IX-2000 CAP-824 1 28-IXETH15-X-2000 CAP-817 J Perez Malaise trap Mag-dalena PNN Tayrona 1127 N 7422 W 2 13ETH30-V-2000 CAP-134 R Henriquez Malaise trap 1 30 mCanaveral 1133 N 7403 W 1 26-IVETH12-V-2000CAP-131 1 14ETH29-VI-2000 CAP-238 1 28-VIIETH14-VIII-2000 CAP-565 1 30-VIIIETH19-IX-2000 CAP-627 2 15-XII-2000ETH2-I-2001 CAP-963 R Hen-riquez Malaise trap 30 m Pueblito 1133 N 7403 W5 29-VIETH14-VII-2000 CAP-277 6 29-VIIETH14-VII-2000 CAP-569 1 15-VIIIETH1-IX-2000 CAP-566 RHenriquez Malaise trap 225 m Valle de Cauca PNNFarallones de Cali Anchicaya 343 N 7680 W 38 27-IIIETH24-IV-2001 CAP-1895 S Sarria Malaise trap730 m (EMUS LACM UNCB) COSTA RICA Ala-juela 5 km W San Ramon 1006 N 845 W 2 IV-1997 11 VII-1997 O Castro Malaise trap 1200m Atenas Plancillo 998 N 8438 W 3 V-1999 MAlpizar Malaise trap 800 m Guanacaste La CruzEstacion Maritza 1095 N 8550 W 6 XI-1996 CZuniga Malaise trap L_N_326900_373000 47554Heredia La Selva Biological Station 1043 N 8402W 1 15-X-1993 ALAS Malaise trap M02293 SanJose San Antonio de Escazu 99 N 8415 W 2


VETHVI 1998 W Eberhard Malaise trap 1500 m (INBCLACM MUCR) HONDURAS Olancho Catacamas1583 N 8585 W 8 23-V-1995 20 9-VI-1995 RCordero Malaise trap 600 m (EAPC LACM MCZCUSNM) PANAMA Canal Zone Barro Colorado Is-land 917 N 7983 W 1 12ETH19-VIII-1992 685 7 18ETH25-XI-1992 727 1 23ETH30-XII-1992 701 3 6ETH13-I-1993 702 2 13ETH20-I-1993 703 2 20ETH27-I-1993 704 3 17ETH24-III-1993 958 2 1ETH7-IV-1993 936 1 12ETH19-V-1993 942 1 26-VETH2-VI-1993 968 2 28-VIIETH4-VIII-1993 991 1 11ETH18-VIII-1993 1580 1 25-VIIETH1-IX-19931676 1 1ETH8-IX-1993 1642 2 8ETH15-IX-19931632 4 8ETH15-IX-1993 1672 1 13ETH20-X-19931722 2 20ETH27-X-1993 1650 1 17ETH24-XI-19931583 1 15ETH22-XII-1993 2360 1 22ETH29-XII-1993 2361 1 22ETH29-XII-1993 2404 1 29-XIIETH6-I-1994 2405 2 6ETH12-I-1994 2362 1 12ETH19-I-1994 2407 4 26-IETH2-II-1994 2365 1 2ETH9-II-1994 2366 1 23-IIETH2-III-1994 2369 1 20ETH27-IV-1994 2421 2 27-IVETH4-V-1994 2422 1 11ETH18-V-1994 2424 1 15ETH22-VI-1994 2384 1 6ETH13-VII-1994 2387 3 17ETH24-VIII-1994 2438 3 17ETH24-I-1996 6578 1 22ETH29-V-1996 6614 3 5ETH12-VI-1996 6012 1 7ETH14-VII-1993 974 2 17ETH24-VII-1996 6704 1 17ETH24-VII-1996 6711 3 24ETH31-VII-1996 6717 4 24ETH31-VII-19966730 10 31-VIIETH7-VIII-1996 325 2 7ETH14-VIII-1996 6756 4 7ETH14-VIII-1996 6757 4 14ETH21-VIII-1996 6782 4 28-VIIIETH4-IX-1996 6817 1 28-VIIIETH4-IX-1996 6829 1 18ETH25-IX-1996 68954 25-IXETH2-X-1996 6917 2 2ETH9-X-1996 69421 9ETH16-X-1996 6966 4 16ETH23-X-1996 2 30-XETH6-XI-1996 7026 1 6ETH13-XI-1996 70461 6ETH13-XI-1996 7047 1 13ETH20-XI-1996 70665 20ETH27-XI-1996 7085 3 27-XIETH4-XII-19967105 J Pickering Malaise trap 1 27ETH31-VII-2000S Chatzimanolis Flight intercept trap Darien Crucede Mono 792 N 7762 W 2 6-IIETH4-III-1993 yel-low pans R Cambra J Coronado 1 6-IIETH4-III-1993R Cambra J Coronado Malaise trap (LACM MIUPNHRS)

D perpendicularis n sp(Fig 7)

Recognition The near-vertical orientation of thedorsal carina of the distal tooth and strongly convexventral margin of the ventrobasal concavity distin-guish this species from the othersDescriptionMaleBody length185ETH210mmFron-

tal ratio 097ETH104 Frons dark brown almost blackFlagellomere 1 and palpus orange Scutum and scute-llum brown Anterior pair of setae on scutellumslightly less than one-third the length and thickness ofposterior pair Pleuron brown Wing length 185ETH208Costal length 052ETH053 wing length Mean costal sec-tor ratio 925208100 range 725ETH1325175ETH275100Halter yellow Fore- and hind coxae yellow Midcoxabrown same as pleuron Posterior face of hind femurwith three relatively straight thick long proximal se-tae Proximal apex of ventrobasal concavity slightly

narrowed rounded directed basally Dorsal carina ofdistal tooth extremely short Ventrobasal concavitywith ventral margin strongly convex at midpoint Hindcoxal lobes small yellow to orange Tergite 1 orangealthough faint dark lateral markings may be presentTergites 2ETH5 dark brown with or without medial or-ange markings Tergite 6 dark brown Venter of ab-domen yellow Cercus 030ETH034 mmGeographical Distribution TrinidadDerivation of Specific Epithet The name is in ref-

erence to the perpendicular (vertical) orientation ofthe distal margin of the ventral tooth to the ventralmargin of the hind femurHolotype TRINIDAD Mount Saint Benedict

1067 N 6140 W 25ETH30-XI-1999 R Snelling Malaisetrap rain forest 500 m (LACM) [barcode LACMENT 148725]Paratype 1 same data as holotype (LACM)

Key to D longirostrata-group males

Characters in the following key pertain to the areaof the ventrobasal concavity of the hind femur1 Proximal apex a narrowed process directed dor-

sally (Fig 1) D longirostrata (Enderlein)Proximal apex not dorsally directed narrow or

broad 22 Ventrobasal concavity with round dark dorsal

carina extended continuously from distalmargin of ventral tooth to proximal apex (Fig6) D oricilla n sp

Ventrobasal concavity without dark carina or ifpresent it does not extend from ventral toothto proximal apex 3

3 Distal margin of ventral tooth without darkdorsally directed carina ventral margin ofventrobasal concavity evenly curved (Fig 2) D apharea n sp

Distal margin of ventral tooth continuous withdark dorsally directed carina ventral marginof ventrobasal concavity sinuous 4

4 Proximal apex broadly rounded with dorsal ca-rina extended distally to near middle of con-cavity (Fig 3) D bicostula n sp

Proximal apex narrower without carina 55 Proximal apex elongate ventral margin strongly

dorsally angled proximal setae straight rela-tively thick (Fig 7) D perpendicularis n sp

Proximal apex short ventral margin more grad-ually curved proximal setae slightly curvedrelatively thin (Figs 4ETH5) D conlanorum n sp

Acknowledgments

We thank Roy Snelling for identifying our ant specimensV Berezovskiy for technical assistance and J Murphy forhelp with the SEM This research was supported in part bythe following National Science Foundation (NSF) grantsDEB-9407190 and DEB-0090031 to BB donations by Chrisand Mila Conlan and Miriam Schulman to the Entomology


Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County(LACM) NSF grants DEB-9972024 and DEB-0205982 to MSharkey and BVB for work in Colombia NSF grants BSR-9025024 DEB-9401069 DEB-9706976 and DEB-0072702 tosupport the Arthropods of La Selva Costa Rica project NSFgrants DEB-9522581 and DEB-96421221 and the SmithsonianEnvironmental Sciences Program for support of John Pick-eringOtildes work in Panama NSF grant DBI-0216506 for purchaseof an SEM at the LACM

References Cited

Barnes J K 1990 Life history of Dohrniphora cornuta(Bigot) (Diptera Phoridae) a THORNlth-inhabiting hump-backed szligy J NY Entomol Soc 98 474ETH483

Brown B V 1992 Generic revision of Phoridae of theNearctric Region and phylogenetic classiTHORNcation of Pho-ridae Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae (Diptera Pho-ridea) Mem Entomol Soc Can No 164

BrownBV 1993 A further chemical alternative to critical-point-drying for preparing small (or large) szligies FlyTimes 11 10

Borgmeier T 1923 Novos Phorideos brasileiros Bol MusNac 1 51ETH59

Borgmeier T 1960 Geszligugelte und ungeszligugelte Phoridenaus der neotropischen Region nebst Beschreibung vonsieben neuen Gattungen (Diptera Phoridae) Studia En-tomol 3 257ETH374

Borgmeier T 1961 Weitere Beitraege zur Kenntnis derneotropischen Phoriden nebst Beschreibung einigerDohrniphora-Arten aus der indo-australischen Region(Diptera Phoridae) Studia Entomol 4 1ETH112

Dahl F 1898 Uber den Floh und seine Stellung im Systempp 185ETH199 S B Ges Nat Fr Berlin Germany

DisneyRHL 1990 KeytoDohrniphoramales(DipteraPho-ridae)of theAustralasianandOriental regionswithdescrip-tions of new species Zool J Linn Soc 99 339ETH387

Disney RHL 1994 Scuttle szligies - the Phoridae Chapmanamp Hall London United Kingdom

Disney RHL 2003 Revision of the Afrotropical species ofDohrniphora Dahl (Diptera Phoridae) Zootaxa 1961ETH24

Eberhard W G 1985 Sexual selection and animal genita-lia Harvard University Press Cambridge MA

Enderlein G 1912a Die Phoridenfauna Sud-BrasiliensStett Entomol Zeit 73 16ETH45

Enderlein G 1912b Neue Gattungen und Artenauereuropaischer Phoriden Stett Entomol Zeigt 7346ETH52

Enderlein G 1924 Zur KlassiTHORNkation der Phoriden unduber vernichtende Kritik Entomol Mitt 13 270ETH281

Malloch J R 1913 A new genus and three new species ofPhoridae from North America with notes on two recentlyerected genera (Crepidopachys and PronomiophoraEnderlein) Psyche 20 23ETH26

McAlpine J F 1981 Morphology and terminology ETHadultspp 9ETH63 In J F McAlpine B V Peterson G E ShewellH J Teskey J R Vockeroth and D M Wood [eds]Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol 1 Agriculture CanadaMonograph No 27 Ottawa Canada

Schmitz H 1929 Revision der Phoriden F Dummler Ber-lin amp Bonn Germany

Wirth W W and N Marston 1968 A method for mount-ing small insects on microscope slides in Canada balsamAnn Entomol Soc Am 61 783ETH784

Received 23 July 2004 accepted 1 October 2004


SYSTEMATICS

New Species of Dohrniphora Related to D longirostrata(Diptera Phoridae)

GIAR-ANN KUNG AND BRIAN V BROWN

Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007

Ann Entomol Soc Am 98(1) 55ETH62 (2005)

ABSTRACT Five new species of NeotropicalDohrniphora related toD longirostrata are describedD apharea D bicostula D conlanorum D oricilla and D perpendicularis Most species differencesare found in the area of the ventrobasal concavity of the posterior face of the male hind femur TheD longirostrata-group is diagnosed each species illustrated with scanning electron micrographs anda key to males of all species is presented

KEY WORDS Phoridae Dohrniphora Neotropical taxonomy

THE GENUSDohrniphoraDahl is a group of phorids thatis found worldwide whose larvae include scavengersfungivores kleptoparasites facultative predators andparasitoids With 160 described species it is the thirdlargest genus in the family after Megaselia Rondaniand Apocephalus Coquillett Adults of this genus arerelatively large and are often encountered by generalcollectors One species D cornuta (Bigot) is oftensynanthropic and has apparently been widely distrib-uted by human activities

The taxonomic and natural history literature ofDohrniphora was reviewed by Disney (1994) Themajority of species are found in warm parts of theworld and the faunasof theAustralasianOriental andAfrotropical regions have been recently reviewed byDisney (1990 2003) The most diverse fauna how-ever both in terms of structure and number of speciesis that of the Neotropical Region which has not re-ceived a comprehensive treatment since the papers ofBorgmeier (1960 1961)

A distinctive Neotropical species is D longirostrata(Enderlein) whose females have a greatly elongateproboscis and a broad thickening of the costal vein ofthe wing (Enderlein 1912a Fig 1) Because the fe-males were somewhat different from those of otherDohrniphora species Enderlein erected a separate ge-nus Crepidopachys for them (soon rejected by Mal-loch 1913) The male of this species was later de-scribedbyBorgmeier and itshind femur structurewasillustrated (Borgmeier 1960 Fig 10)

In sorting specimens of Neotropical Dohrniphorawe observed that our tentatively identiTHORNed D lon-girostrata included a number of slightly differentforms that we here recognize as separate species Wetherefore take this opportunity to diagnose the Dlongirostrata group of species clarify the identity ofthe type species and describe THORNve new species

Materials and Methods

Most specimens were collected into alcohol by us-ing Malaise traps They were dried using hexameth-yldisilazane (Brown 1993) and glued to the side ofinsect pins In addition to the usual insect label eachspecimen is barcode labeled (barcode facing down-ward underneath the locality label) and has its datastored in a computer database at the Natural HistoryMuseum of Los Angeles County (LACM)

The taxonomy of Dohrniphora is based on malespecimens and only these have been discussed indetail Presumed female specimens of some speciesare known but they show few taxonomically signiTHORN-cant differences and are not considered here Most ofthe species characters are found in the male hindfemur and even for routine identiTHORNcation it is likelythat a separate preparation of this structure is neces-sary We used either slide mounting or a scanningelectron microscope (SEM) Slide mounts were pre-pared by clearing legs in phenol and then mounting inCanada balsam diluted with some phenol (Wirth andMarston 1968) Scanning electron micrographs wereproduced with a Hitachi model S-3000N SEM andstandard coating procedures

Male genitalia which are useful for recognizingspecies differences in many groups of szligies are ex-tremely uniform in the species ofDohrniphora studiedhere We examined genitalia of all species but foundno useful differences

Terms used are those of the Manual of NearcticDiptera (McAlpine 1981) but it was necessary toderive some new terms for the structures of the hindfemur (Fig 1) Most species of Dohrniphora have adistinctive posterior (inner) face of the hind femurwhere especially ventrobasally there are often shortthick setae (sensorial pins of Borgmeier spinulecomplex of Disney) found in diagnostic patterns as

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New Species of Dohrniphora Related to D. longirostrata (Diptera: Phoridae)