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New Plant Bugs of the Tribe Hallodapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) fromthe Eocene Baltic AmberAuthor(s): Aleksander Herczek, Yurij Aleksandrowicz Popov and Jolanta BrożekSource: Annales Zoologici, 60(4):583-588. 2010.Published By: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of SciencesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/000345410X550445URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3161/000345410X550445

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INTRODUCTION

The present joint article is continuation of a seriesof papers on fossil mirids from Baltic amber (PrussianFormation). Miridae, or plant bugs, are the largest fam-ily of true bugs (Heteroptera) widespread all over theworld, with about 1500 genera and over 10000 species(Schuh 1995, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999). The oldestfinds of Miridae known so far have been described fromthe Early Jurassic of South-West of Kazakhstan (Beck-er-Migdisova 1962, Becker-Migdisova and Popov 1963,Popov 1968 Herczek and Popov 2001) and the EarlyCretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of North-East Si-beria (Popov and Herczek 1998). Most inclusions of thefamily Miridae are frequently discovered in the EoceneBaltic amber where mirids are mainly represented bythe subfamilies Cylapinae, Isometopinae and Mirinaeand also 5 other subfamilies (Popov and Herczek 2008).The Phylinae is also rare among amber inclusions.

There are few data in the extinct representatives ofPhylinae, even though this group is very numerous (fivetribes, comprising more than 300 genera) representa-

tives of which occur in tropical, subtropical, and tem-perate zones (Schuh and Slater 1995) and it is studyingextensively (Schuh 1995). Many members of Phylinaehave a variable myrmecomorphic habitus, e.g. Auricil-locorini, Pilophorini or Hallodapini some part of whichare predatory. Most of recent Hallodapini, with about50 genera, are abundant and widely distributedthroughout southern Palearctic, Africa, the orient andNorth America (Schuh and Slater l.c.).

The first fossil representatives of the tribe Hallo-dapini were described from Baltic amber by Herczek(2000) as Hallodapomimus elektrinus and Hallo-dapomimus succinus which were placed in theextinct genus. The newly described material fromBaltic amber is the second step of our investigation ofthe extinct Hallodapini which seems to be at least inpart predatory as for instance Isometopinae inhabitingthe bark of coniferous trees, where they feed on someinsects and some other invertebrates. Here we estab-lish one new genus Leptomimus gen. nov. with newspecies L. jonasdamzeni sp. nov. and another newspecies Hallodapomimus krzeminskiorum sp. nov.

NEW PLANT BUGS OF THE TRIBE HALLODAPINI(HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: PHYLINAE) FROM

THE EOCENE BALTIC AMBER

A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2010, 60(4): 583-588

ALEKSANDER HERCZEK1, YURIJ ALEKSANDROWICZ POPOV2

and JOLANTA BROŻEK1

1Silesian University, Department of Zoology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland; e-mail: aleksander.herczek@us.edu.pl

2Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str. 123, 117 997 Moscow, Russia; e-mails: elena@dataplus.ru and lab@palaeoentomolog.ru

Abstract.— A new extinct genus and two new fossil species of the tribe Hallodapini(Miridae: Phylinae) are described from the Baltic amber: Leptomimus jonasdamzenigen. et sp. nov. and Hallodapomimus krzeminskiorum sp. nov. The species Hallo-dapomimus elektrinus Herczek is redescribed. New diagnostic characteristics for thegenus Hallodapomimus is given.

�

Key words.— Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae, Hallodapini, new fossil genus and species,Baltic amber.

PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima duxdoi: 10.3161/000345410X550445

SYSTEMATIC

Order Hemiptera Linneus, 1758

Suborder Heteroptera Latreille, 1810

Infraorder Cimicomorpha Leston, Pendergrast et Southwood, 1954

Superfamily Miroidea Hahn, 1833

Family Miridae Hahn, 1833

Subfamily Phylinae Douglas et Scott, 1865

Tribe Hallodapini van Duzee, 1916

Leptomimus Herczek et Popov, gen. nov.(Figs 1–2)

Type species. Leptomimus jonasdamzeni Her-czek et Popov, sp. nov. by present designation.

Etymology. The genus name is derived from lep-tos (Greek) – delicate and mimos (Greek)- actor. Gen-der masculine.

Diagnosis. Body strongly elongated, more than 4times as long as wide. Hemelytra with lateral marginsalmost parallel. Dorsum ruffle-like (rugose) surface,impunctate. Body ground colour dark, almost black;mesoscutum and scutellum fully light (like head andpronotum!); hemelytra with two pale patches, one closeto the corium base, the other one in the most part ofcuneus, clavus completely black (Figs 1–2). Head sub-horizontal, flattened from above, slightly more than 1.5times as broad as long. Eyes globular, strongly pro-truding laterally. Antennae very long, equal length ofbody; first antennal segment cylindrical. second anten-nal segment (especially of male) clearly expanded api-cally. Pronotum taper-like, almost equal length andwidth and collar broad; all surface crumpled; calli doesnot expressed; intercallian pit absent. Mesoscutum ca.4.5 times shorter than scutellum length Cuneus elon-gate triangular, ca. 3.5 times as short as corium length.Hemelytral membrane fully dark, hyaline, slightlycrumpled, with two closed cells: bigger almost rectan-gular, smaller narrow. First tarsal segment slightlythickest and almost the same length as third one, sec-ond tarsal segment shortest; claws weakly curved,parempodia parallel, hair-like.

Comparison. This new genus is very close to thegenus Hallodapomimus Herczek, 2000 and it is clear-ly differed in ruffle-like surface of dorsal surface ofbody, another combination of coloration (head, prono-tum and cuneus light, hemelytra with two pale patches,clavus completely black), longer head (more than 1.5times as broad as long), somewhat longer antennawhich is equal to length of body, clearly expanded

second antennal segment, not visible calli and absenceof intercallian pit of the pronotum.

Leptomimus jonasddamzeni sp. nov.(Figs 1–2)

Etymology. Named after our friend Jonas Damzenwho generously donated this type speciemen to theamber collection of the Museum of the Earth PAS, War-saw.

Type material. Holotype: male, Baltic amber, No.26452; light yellowish mid-sized piece of amber (28 ×18 mm) of irregular shape. The holotype is deposited inthe collection of the Museum of the Earth Polish Acad-emy of Sciences, Warsaw.

Description. Male, macropterous. Body length upto 6.5 mm, strongly elongated, 4.3 times as long aswide; lateral margins of hemelytra distinctly with par-allel side, impuctate, covered with parse, very shortand clinging hairs. Head more or less subhorizontal,somewhat flattened from above, slightly more than 1.5times (1.64) as broad as long; clypeus distinct and pro-truding above frons; genal conus distinct; eyes large,strongly protruding sidewards and distinctly removedfrom anterior margin of pronotum; antennae insertednear above the lower margins of eyes; fovea antennalisalmost touches the inner margin of eye; second anten-nal segment almost cylindrical, somewhat 1.6 timeslonger than 3rd one; 3rd near twice as long as 4th one;rostrum reaching hind coxae, all rostral segmentsmore or less equal in length. Pronotum 1.12 timeswider than long, narrowed strongly at about 1/3 itslength and forms distinct broad and flat collar; mesos-cutum narrowly exposed, some more than 4.5 timesshorter than scutellum length; scutellum large, dis-tinctly convex. Hemelytra slightly convex at their 1/3their length (the widest part a level with cuneal frac-ture); cuneus elongate triangular, ca. 3.5 times as shortas corium length; hemelytral membrane fully dark,hyaline, slightly crumpled; commissura clavale almosttwice longer than scutellum length. All legs very slen-der, tibiae with quite short spines but which are notshorter than diameter of tibiae, two apical distinctshort spines of tibiae; first and third tarsal segmentspractically equal, second one twice shorter than firstone and 1.75 shorter than third one; all tarsal segmentscovered of brush of dense very short hairs along innertheir side.

Measurements (in mm). Male: body length 6.5,width 1.5; length of head 0.85, width 1.4; width of vertex0.5; width of eye 0.45; length of antennal segments I : II : III : IV = 0.75 : 3.0 : 1.85 : 1.0 (6.6 mm); length of rostral segments (?apex of 4th segment broken) I: II: III; IV = 0.55 : 0.6 : 0.5 : ~ 0.6; length of pronotum1.25, anterior width (collar) 0.6, posterior width 1.4;

584 A. HERCZEK, Y. A. POPOV and J. BROŻEK

thickness of collar 0.2; proportion of hemelytron, cori-um and length of cuneus: 4.8 - 3.0 - 1.0; length of mesos-cutum 0.15 (middle line 0.11), width 0.8; length of scu-tellum 0.7, width 0.65; claval commissure 1.35; hind leg:length of femora 2.5, tibia 3.1, tarsus 0.1 (0.4 : 0.2 : 0.35).

Hallodapomimus Herczek, 2000

Hallodapomimus Herczek, 1998: 12, nom. nud.Hallodapomimus Herczek, 2000: 144.Hallodapomimus: Popov et Herczek, 2008: 68.

Type species. Hallodapomimus elektrinus Her-czek, 2000: 145.

Diagnostic characters. Body rather elongated, ca.4 times as long as wide. Hemelytra with lateral marginsalmost parallel. Dorsal surface almost smooth, impuc-tate, covered with parse, very short and clinging setae.Ground colour dark, almost black; hemelytra with pat-tern of contrasting coloration, usually dark back-ground with lighter significant fascia; hemelytral fasciain form of complete bands (Figs 3–4). mesoscutum andscutellum dark (like head and pronotum). Head subver-tical to subhorizontal, flattened from above, almosttwice as broad as long. Eyes globular or semiglobular,distinctly protruding laterally and usually touchinganterior margin of pronotum. Antennae long, someshorter than body length and thin; first antennal seg-ment cylindrical, second one almost slender, notexpanded apically. Rostrum reaching coxae of hindlegs, first rostral segment touching anterior margin ofprosternum. Pronotum moderately transverse, ca.1.2–1.3 times wider of its length, with intercallian pit;anterior pronotal margin collar-like and differentthickness; calli weakly developed and flattened. Mesos-cutum 5 times shorter than scutellum length. Cuneuselongate triangular, 2.5–3 times as short as coriumlength. Hemelytral membrane fully dark, hyaline,slightly crumpled, with two closed cells: bigger almostrectangular, smaller narrow. First tarsal segmentslightly thickest and almost the same length as thirdone, second tarsal segment shortest; claws weaklycurved, parempodia parallel, hair-like.

Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, 2000(Figs 3–4, 7–8)

Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, 1998: 12, nom.nud.Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, 2000: 145.Hallodapomimus elektrinus: Popov et Herczek, 2008: 68.

Type material. Holotype: male, Baltic amber, No.22918; dark yellowish small-sized piece of amber (10 × 7 mm) of irregular shape. No syninclusions. Theholotype is deposited in the collection of the Museum ofthe Earth Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.

Redescription. Male. Macropterous form. Bodylength up to 6.5mm, 3.5 times as long as width. Groundcolour dark brown, almost black; mesoscutum andscutellum fully black (like head and pronotum), heme-lytra with two pale transversal fascia just posterior toscutellum: one close to basal part of hemelytron cover-ing corium, mid part of clavus and reaches commissur-al clavalis, th e other occupies most part of basal partof cuneus (Figs 3–4). Head slightly less than twice (1.88times) as broad as long; clypeus distinct and not pro-truding above frons; genal conus distinct; eyes large,almost globular, distinctly protruding laterally andalmost touching pronotal collar; antennae insertednear above the lower margins of eyes; fovea antennalistouches the inner margin of eye; second antennal seg-ment 1.6 times longer than 3rd one, 3rd almost twice aslong 4th one; rostrum relatively, reaching hind coxae.Pronotum tapers (narrowing) at about 1.7 its length,collar distinct, rather narrow, flat; calli occupying ante-rior almost anterior quarter of pronotal disc. Mesoscu-tum narrowly exposed, scutellum large, distinctly con-vex. Hemelytra slightly convex at their 1/3 of theirlength (the widest part a level with cuneal fracture);cuneus rather short: 4 times shorter than corium andalmost 5 times than hemelytron. All legs rather slenderand almost wholly bare; hind tibiae with very 2 shortspines which are clearly shorter than diameter of tibi-ae; first and third tarsal segments practically equal,second one twice shorter than others.

Measurements (in mm). Male. Body length 6.4 mm,width 1.8; length of head 0.8, width 1.5; width of vertex0.43; width of eye 0.55; length of antennal segments =0.5 : 2.34 : 1.43 : 0.74 (5.01 mm); length of rostral seg-ments I: II: III: IV = 0.53 : 0.65 : 0.65 : 0.65; length ofpronotum 1.24, anterior width (collar) 0.81, posteriorwidth 1.67; thickness of collar 0.16; proportion of heme-lytron, corium and length of cuneus: 4.65 - 2.36 - 0.93;length of mesoscutum 0.15 (middle line 0.15), width 1.0;length of scutellum 0.75, width 0.75; claval commissure1.4; hind leg: length of femora 2.48, tibia 3.1, tarsustotal 1.0 (0.4 : 0.2 : 0.3.5).

Remarks. The measurements and the colour pat-tern of the new specimen of female (26362) in the col-lection of the Museum of the Earth are very similar tosuch as such of the female specimen published in Hallodamomimus elektrinus Hercz. (Herczek 2000,p. 147).

Hallodapomimus krzeminskiorumHerczek et Popov sp. nov.

(Figs 5–6, 9–10)

Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, 2000: 148; (MP1/1/06, male).Hallodapomimus elektrinus: Popov et Herczek, 2008: 68; Pl. I, fig.1

(erroneously designated as fig. 2).

MIRIDAE FROM BALTIC AMBER 585

586 A. HERCZEK, Y. A. POPOV and J. BROŻEK

Figures 1–6. (1–2) Leptomimus jonasdamzeni gen. et sp. nov., holotype, male from Baltic amber; coll. Museum of the Earth PAS, Warsaw, Inv.Nr. 26452; (3–4) Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, holotype, male from Baltic amber; coll. Museum of the Earth PAS, Warsaw, Inv. Nr. 22918;(5–6) Hallodapomimus krzeminskiorum sp. nov., holotype, male from Baltic amber; coll. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS,

Kraków, Poland; Inv. Nr. MP1/1/06.

1 53

2 4 6

1 mm1 mm

8

Etymology. Name in honor of our friends and col-leagues, Polish entomologists Ewa Krzemińska andWiesław Krzemiński (Institute of Systematics and Evo-lution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences,Kraków, Poland).

Type material. Holotype: male, Baltic amber, des-ignated as paratype of the Hallodapomimus elektri-nus Herczek, 2000: 148 (No. MP1/1/06); light yellowishmid-sized piece of amber (27 × 13 mm) of irregularshape. The holotype is deposited in the collection of theInstitute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Pol-ish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.

Description. Male. Macropterous form. Bodylength up to 7.0 mm, 3.8 times as long as wide. Groundcolour dark brown, almost black; mesoscutum fullyblack (like head and pronotum), apex of scutellumpale; hemelytra with two pale transversal fascia justposterior to scutellum (like type species H. elektri-nus), (Figs 5–6). Head slightly less than twice (1.88times) as broad as long; clypeus distinct and protrud-ing above frons; eyes large, almost semiglobular, slight-ly flattened from above, distinctly protruding laterallyand touching pronotal collar; antennae inserted nearabove the lower margins of eyes; fovea antennalistouches the inner margin of eye; second antennal seg-ment 1.25 times longer than 3rd one; 3rd twice as long as4th one; rostrum relatively long, reaching hind coxae.

Pronotum tapers (narrowing) at about 1.7 (1.75) itslength, collar distinct, narrow, flat; calli occupyinganterior quarter of pronotal disc. Mesoscutum narrow-ly exposed, shorter than scutellum length; scutellumlarge, distinctly convex. Hemelytra slightly convex at1/3 op their length (the widest part at level of cunealfracture); cuneus rather short: 3 times shorter thancorium and almost 5 times than hemelytron. All legsrather slender and they are covered with very short,dense, adpressed hairs , hind tibiae with very 2 shortspines which are clearly shorter than diameter of tibi-ae; first and third tarsal segments practically equal,second one twice shorter than others.

Measurements (in mm). Male (paratype, nr. MP1/1/6, Institute of the Systematic and Evolution of Ani-mals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakóww). Bodylength 6.9, width 1.8; length of head 0.8, width 1.5; widthof vertex 0.6; width of eye 0.5; length of antennal seg-ments = 0.55: 2.5: 2.0: 1.0 (6.05); length of rostral seg-ments I : II : III : IV = 0.58 : 0.7 : ? : ? (covered by milkyveil); length of pronotum 1.2, anterior width (collar)0.85, posterior width 1.5; thickness of collar 0.1; propor-tion of hemelytron, corium and length of cuneus: 5.2-3.15- 0.11; length of mesoscutum 0.15 (middle line 0.15),width 1.0; length of scutellum 0.75, width 0.75; clavalcommissure 1.4; hind leg: length of femora 2.65, tibia3.3, tarsus total: 1.0 (0.4 : 0.2 : 0.35).

MIRIDAE FROM BALTIC AMBER 587

Figures 7–10. (7–8) Hallodapomimus elektrinus Herczek, holotype, (7) antenna; (8) hind leg. (9–10). Hallodapomimus krzeminskiorumsp. nov., holotype, (9) antenna; (10) hind leg.

7 9 10

588 A. HERCZEK, Y. A. POPOV and J. BROŻEK

Comparison. Holodapomimus krzeminskio-rum sp. nov. mainly differs from the nominal speciesby the slightly flattened globular eyes, touching prono-tal collar, less narrow collar, more short cuneus which4 times shorter corium, and also by legs which arewholly covered very dense, short adpressed hairs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Mr.Jonas Damzen (Vilnius, Lithuania) for his kind deci-sion to donate the holotype of Leptomimus jonas-damzeni gen. et sp. nov. at the Museum of the Earth,Polish Academy of Sciences. We are greatly indebted toProfessor – Wiesław Krzemiński (Kraków, Poland) forthe loan of material of different amber inclusions fromthe collection of the Institute of Systematics and Evolu-tion of Animals PAS (Kraków) for our study. Authorswish to thank Mrs. Marzena Zmarzły and Mr. ŁukaszJunkiert (Katowice, Poland) for the excellent totaldrawings of fossil bugs.

REFERENCES

Becker-Migdisova, E.E. 1962. Order Heteroptera; True bugs.In: Rohdendorf B.B. (ed.): Fundamentals of Paleontology9. Arthropoda, Tracheata and Chelicerata: 208–224. Acad-emy of Sciences of USSR Press [in Russian; translated in-to English 1991, ed. by Davis D. R., Trans. Publishers Pro-gramms, Smithsonian Institution Library, Washington].

Becker-Migdisova , E. E. and Yu. A. Popov. 1963. Some newrepresentatives of Heteroptera from the Jurassic ofKaratau. Paleontological Journal, 2 : 74–82 [in Russian].

Kerzhner I. M. and M. Josifov. 1999. Cimicomorpha II, Miridae.In: Aukema B. and Ch. Rieger (eds.): Cataloque of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region 3: 73–84. TheNetherlands Entomological Society, c/o Plantage Midden-loan, 64: 1– 577.

Herczek, A. 2000. First Phylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) fromBaltic amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologicznie, 69(2):143–153.

Herczek, A. and Yu. A. Popov. 2001. Redescription of the old-est plant bugs from the Upper Jurassic of southern Kaza-khstan (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha, Miridae). Annals ofthe Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom. Entomology, 10–11 :121–128.

Popov, Yu. A. 1968. True bugs of the Jurassic fauna of Karatau(Heteroptera): 99–113. In: Rohdendorf B. B. (ed.) : Juras-sic Insects of Karatau. Moscow [in Russian].

Popov, Yu. A. and A. Herczek. 1998. Plant bugs from the LateCretaceous of the north-eastern Siberia (Heteroptera:Miridae). Acta Biologica Silesiana, 30: 38–49.

Popov, Yu. A. and A. Herczek. 2008. A short review of fossilplant bugs, with a chek-list of extinct mirids (Heteroptera:Cimicomorpha, Miridae). Prace Muzeum Ziemi, 49: 59–72.

Schuh, R. T. 1995. Plant bugs of the World (Insecta: Het-eroptera: Miridae): Systematic catalog, distributions, hostlist, and bibliography. New York Entomological Society,I–XII, 1–1329.

Schuh, R. T. and J. A. Slater. 1995. True bugs of the World(Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural his-tory. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell UniversityPress, I–XII, 1–336.

Received: August 1, 2010Accepted: November 6, 2010