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New Perspectives on New Perspectives on AndragogyAndragogy

Chapter 9 In The Adult Learner

CAE 213 Intro to Adult Education

Professor Jonathan S Penland, PhD

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Introduction Introduction

Research in a variety of disciplines has produced new perspectives on andragogy.

We will review each of the six core

principles updating our understanding based on new research.

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1. The Learner’s Need to Know1. The Learner’s Need to Know

Learners need to know “why” before they engage in learning

Research has confirmed that collaborative planning is useful. It allows learners to assess their needs, suggest pragmatic learning objectives, and choose whether or not to participate is aspects of training.

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2. Self-Directed Learning 2. Self-Directed Learning

Is self-directed learning a characteristic, a goal of adult learning, or both?

A person can be high in one and low in the other.

The teacher’s job is to match style with student

Trait

TraitGoal

GoalTrait

Goal

TraitGoalGoal

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Learner --------------------- StyleLearner --------------------- Style

1. Dependent Coaching2. Interested Inspiration Speaker3. Involved Facilitated discussion4. Self-directed Individual or study

group

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3. Prior Experiences of the Learner3. Prior Experiences of the Learner

Schema are cognitive data structures that build via learning and experience.

Accretion – adding facts to schemaTuning – incremental change to schemaRestructuring – creation of new schemaMental models – internal images

(background) of how the world works

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Schema TheorySchema Theory

Mental MapSchema

Proto-type

Are we restructuring the mental map, schema, or prototype?

Constructivism

Pages 192-193

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Schema TheorySchema Theory

Changing theMental Map

Trans- formativeLearning

Do home stays in eco-tourism restructure the way eco-tourists view the world?

A tourist’s view of people is challenged by a home stay.

A tourist is more open to seeing nature in a new way.

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4. Readiness to Learn4. Readiness to Learn

Pratt’s Untested Model3

Some prefer a group setting for support but need

little direction

1 Some need lots of

direction and support

4 Some prefer to be self-directed with

little support

2

Some need direction but not

much support

support

dependency

Identify where learners are at when they begin and adjust to changes in their readiness to learn

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5. Orientation to Learning5. Orientation to LearningSteps in the Experiential Learning Cycle

* ConcreteExperience

ObserveReflect

Theories:What others

learned

Testing New Concepts

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6. Motivation6. MotivationCharacteristics of Trainers that motivate:1. Expertise – knows content well &

communicates well2. Empathy – realistic understanding of learner

needs, adapts material to learner, continuously considers learners

3. Enthusiasm – values content, expresses appropriate levels of emotion/energy

4. Clarity – Can be understood and followed by most learners

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SummarySummary

There is evidence for maintaining each of the core principles…which are:

1. Learner’s…2. Self-3. Prior-4. Readiness5. Orientation6. Motivation