Neuron Session

8/3/2019 Neuron Session

1/25

Neural and Hormonal SystemsWill Explain Why We FEEL

Pain

Strong

Sick

Nervous


2/25

It all Starts with the Neuron


3/25

Neuron Structure

Neurons do NOT touch each other- the

space in between is call the synapse.


4/25

How a Neuron Fires

It is an electrochemical process

Electrical inside the neuron

Chemical outside the neuron (inthe synapse in the form of a

neurotransmitter). The firing is called Action Potential.


5/25

The All-or None Response

The idea thateither theneuron fires orit does not- nopart way firing.

Like a gun


6/25

Steps of Action Potential Dendrites receive neurotransmitter from another

neuron across the synapse.

Reached its threshold- then fires based on theall-or-none response.

Opens up a portal in axon, and lets in positive ions(Sodium) which mix with negative ions (Potassium)

that is already inside the axon (thus Neurons atrest have a slightly negative charge). The mixing of + and ions causes an electrical

charge that opens up the next portal (letting inmore K) while closing the original portal.

Process continues down axon to the axonterminal.

Terminal buttons turns electrical charge intochemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message

to next neuron across the synapse.


7/25

Action Potential


8/25

How Neurons Communicate


9/25

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers released by

terminal buttons through the

synapse.

We should know at least 4 types

and what they do.


10/25

Acetylcholine Its function is motor movement and

maybe memory.

Too much and you will.

Not enough and you will.

Lack of ACH has been linked to

Alzheimers disease.


11/25

Dopamine Its function is motor movement and

alertness.

Lack of dopamine is

associated with

Parkinsons disease.

Overabundance is

associated with

schizophrenia.


12/25

Serotonin

Function deals with mood control.

Lack of serotonin has

been linked to

depression.


13/25

Endorphins

Function deals with paincontrol.

We become addictedto endorphin causing

feelings.


14/25

Agonists and Antagonists


15/25

Types of Neurons

Sensory NeuronsMotor Neurons

Inter Neurons


16/25

Sensory Neurons

(Afferent Neurons) Take information from the senses

to the brain.


17/25

Inter Neurons

Take messages

from Sensory

Neurons to other

parts of the brain

or to Motor

Neurons.


18/25

Motor Neurons

(Efferent Neurons) Take information from brain to the

rest of the body.


19/25

Divisions of the Nervous System


20/25

Sympathetic Nervous System

Flight or Fight Response


21/25


22/25

A Simple Reflex


23/25

A Simplified Neural Network

Neurons that learn to worktogether as a team.


24/25

The Endocrine System

A system of glands that secretehormones.Similar to nervous system,

except hormones work a lotslower than neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters

Hormones


25/25

The Major Endocrine Glands

Documents

Neuron Session