Nervous SystemNervous SystemDr. BrasingtonDr. Brasington

NeuronNeuron

NeurogliaNeuroglia

Neuroglial cells Neuroglial cells fill spaces, support fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce produce myelinmyelin, and carry on , and carry on phagocytosisphagocytosis. .

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Types of neuroglial cellsTypes of neuroglial cells Microglial cellsMicroglial cells are small cells that are small cells that

phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris.phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris. OligodendrocytesOligodendrocytes form myelin in the brain and form myelin in the brain and

spinal cord.spinal cord. Schwann cells Schwann cells are the myelin-producing are the myelin-producing

neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system.neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system. AstrocytesAstrocytes are near blood vessels and support are near blood vessels and support

structures, aid in metabolism, and respond to structures, aid in metabolism, and respond to brain injury by filling in spaces.brain injury by filling in spaces.

Ependymal cellsEpendymal cells cover the inside of ventricles cover the inside of ventricles and form choroid plexuses within the ventricles.and form choroid plexuses within the ventricles.

Satellite Cells Satellite Cells Surrounds neurons in PNS Surrounds neurons in PNS ganglia ganglia nourishes neurons and regulates nourishes neurons and regulates chemical environmentchemical environment

Fig09.03

Fluid-filled cavityof the brain orspinal cord

Ependymalcell

Microglial cell

Myelinsheath (cut)

Axon

Node

Oligodendrocyte

Capillary

Neuron

Astrocyte

6

Astrocytes

Microglial cell

MeningesMeninges

10

Fig09.21

TransverseFissure

Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerves OOlfactory, lfactory, OOptic, ptic, OOculomotor, culomotor, TTrochlear, rochlear, TTrigeminal, rigeminal, AAbducens, bducens, FFacial, acial, VVestibulocochlear, estibulocochlear, GGlossopharyngeal, lossopharyngeal, VVagus, agus, AAccessory, ccessory, HHypoglossalypoglossal

OOn n ooccasion, ccasion, oour ur ttrusty rusty ttruck ruck aacts cts ffunny—unny—vvery ery ggood ood vvehicle ehicle aanynyhhowow

Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerves OOlfactory, lfactory, OOptic, ptic, OOculomotor, culomotor, TTrochlear, rochlear, TTrigeminal, rigeminal, AAbducens, bducens, FFacial, acial, VVestibulocochlear, estibulocochlear, GGlossopharyngeal, lossopharyngeal, VVagus, agus, AAccessory, ccessory, HHypoglossalypoglossal

OOh h OOh h OOh h TTo o TTouch ouch AAnd nd FFeel eel VVirgin irgin GGirl’s irl’s VVagina, agina, AHAH

OOh h OOh h OOh h TTo o TTouch ouch AAnd nd FFeel eel VVirgin irgin GGuy’s uy’s VValls, alls, AHAH

Figure 13.6b Location and function of cranial nerves.

Cranial nervesI – VI

Sensoryfunction

Motorfunction

PS*fibers

Cranial nervesVII – XII

Sensoryfunction

Motorfunction

PS*fibers

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Yes (smell)

Yes (vision)

No

No

Yes (general

sensation)

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Hypoglossal

Yes (taste)

Yes (hearing

and balance)

Yes (taste)

Yes (taste)

No

No

Yes

Some

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

*PS = parasympathetic

Memory Tool

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LR6 SO4 AO3- chemical equation for eye muscle innervation

Choroid

OssiclesOssicles

OtolithsOtoliths

Plantar Reflex L5, S1,2 Corticospinal

Toes point down

Weber TestWeber Test

Reflex ArcReflex Arc

(Motor Neuron)

(Sensory Neuron)

Plantar reflex (Babinski Plantar reflex (Babinski sign) sign)

Snellen Eye ChartSnellen Eye Chart

Higher Denominator, Worse vision

Ishihara Color Blindness Ishihara Color Blindness PlatesPlates

Astigmatism TestAstigmatism Test