NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    1/26

    Matsui/Ridenour SHINE, SC Page 1 of 26Abolish Climate Aid - NEG

    ABOLISH CLIMATE AID NEGVAGUENESS............................................................................................................................................3

    A. The Plan is Vague..................................................................................................................3

    'Climate-related aid' is tied in to all foreign aid we provide; there is no brightline..........................3B. That's a Voting issue..............................................................................................................3

    KRITIK NEOLIBERALISM...............................................................................................................4

    Link: At the very heart of canceling foreign aid is the underlying principle of neoliberalism.........4Internal Link: Neoliberalism is globalist..........................................................................................4Internal Link: Neoliberalism is capitalist.........................................................................................4

    Implication #1: Globalization...................................................................................................5

    Uniformity and homogeneity [i.e. globalization] may be a heavy price to pay for the betterthings we now enjoy, as it introduces the risk of neo-communism..................................................5

    Implication #2: Capitalism........................................................................................................5

    Capitalism subordinates human values and produces every conceivable impact.............................5

    SIGNIFICANCE......................................................................................................................................71. Total fund would only amount to $100 billion.............................................................................72. US plans only $10 billion a year for 3 years................................................................................7

    A2: 'Not Enough $$$ Anyway'..................................................................................................7

    1. Though $10 billion seems trivial, the investment pays for itself\.................................................72. Climate aid is small, but has large benefits..................................................................................8

    DA #1 CLIMATE CHANGE................................................................................................................9

    Link: Climate aid is needed......................................................................................................9

    Internal Link: Climate Aid is beneficial..................................................................................9

    1. Climate aid benefits the climate, energy efficiency, forest conservation, biodiversity, and theeconomy............................................................................................................................................9

    2. Developing nations are extremely susceptible to climate change; aid is needed.......................10Impact #1 Public Health.......................................................................................................10

    1. Climate change negatively impacts health (directly and indirectly)..........................................10Impact #2 - Forestry.................................................................................................................11

    1. Climate change will adversely affect agriculture and forestry...................................................11Impact #3 - Biodiversity...........................................................................................................11

    1. Climate change will destroy biodiversity...................................................................................11Impact #4 The Economy ......................................................................................................12

    1. Climate change laundry list on the effects on the economy.......................................................12DA #2 SOFT POWER.........................................................................................................................14

    Link: International Accord.....................................................................................................14

    1. Climate related aid is a mandatory part of the Copenhagen Accord..........................................14Uniqueness: Current policy rejects Aff..................................................................................14

    1. US policy already counter-productive; Aff makes worse...........................................................142. US' hardball policy will highlight Aff's hypocrisy.....................................................................143. US plays a negative role in climate change................................................................................15

    Internal Link: Climate Change K2 Soft Power....................................................................15

    1. Climate change influences soft power more than other domestic issues....................................15Impact: Soft Power is awesome..............................................................................................16

    1. Soft power preserves US power and global stability..................................................................16

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    2/26

    Matsui/Ridenour SHINE, SC Page 2 of 26Abolish Climate Aid - NEG

    DA #3 ANTI-AMERICANISM..........................................................................................................17

    Link: Aff cuts climate aid........................................................................................................17

    Internal Link: Hypocrisy creates anti-Americanism............................................................17

    1. The hypocrisy of foreign policy creates justified dislike for the US..........................................172. Hypocrisy hurts America's foreign standing in the world..........................................................17Uniqueness: Current US policy reversal would highlight American hypocrisy.................17

    1. Current US policy is counterproductive; Aff just makes worse.................................................172. US' hardball policy will highlight Aff's hypocrisy.....................................................................18

    Impact #1: Business and the Economy...................................................................................18

    1. Anti-Americanism results in foreign backlash against US businesses.......................................18Impact #2: Foreign Policy.......................................................................................................18

    1. Anti-Americanism undermines our foreign policy.....................................................................18Impact #3: The War on Terror................................................................................................19

    1. Anti-Americanism hurts our efforts in the war on terror............................................................19Impact #4: American Security................................................................................................19

    1. Anti-Americanism decreases security for Americans around the world....................................19Impact #5: Democracy.............................................................................................................20

    1. Anti-Americanism hurts US efforts to promote democracy.......................................................20Extension...................................................................................................................................20

    1. Actions must match rhetoric; key to promoting democracy and human rights\.........................202. Reducing hypocritical policies can help reduce anti-Americanism...........................................21

    FOREIGN AID PRO {GENERIC SECTION}.................................................................................22

    DA #1 - INDIA...................................................................................................................................22

    Link: Foreign Aid helps our international relations.............................................................22

    1. Humanitarian aid cannot stop.....................................................................................................222. Foreign Aid helps Relations........................................................................................................22

    Internal Link: Indian Relations..............................................................................................22

    1. Hurts India..................................................................................................................................22Impact #1: Indian Partnership...............................................................................................23

    1. Hurting India hurts the US-India partnership.............................................................................23Impact #2:Stability...................................................................................................................23

    1. India contributes significantly to US operations to enhance regional stability..........................23Impacyt #3 The Economy.....................................................................................................23

    1. As Indian relations improves, the economies rise......................................................................23GENERAL.........................................................................................................................................24

    1. Foreign aid strengthen US security and democracy...................................................................242. US foreign aid assistance promoted economic growth, poverty reduction and humanitarianrelief................................................................................................................................................243. Foreign Aid has helped millions out of poverty.........................................................................24

    REVERSE PLAN ADVOCACY...........................................................................................................26

    1. US needs to allocate more aid to countries that are implementing development strategies.......262. PRSPs [Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers]..............................................................................263. Must act quickly to mobilize resources, or adaptation will be lost............................................26

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    3/26

    VAGUENESS

    [Note: Obviously, this can be its own argument. However, I think it would go stronger if you run thisas an alternative impact to vagueness, then run all the generic 'foreign aid pro' cards you can

    find]

    A. The Plan is Vague

    'Climate-related aid' is tied in to all foreign aid we provide; there is no brightline

    United States Agency for International DevelopmentGlobal Climate Change Program February 1, 2010http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/

    Addressing the causes and effects of climate change has been a key focus of USAIDs development

    assistance for over a decade. USAID has funded environmental programs that have reduced growth ingreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while promoting energy efficiency, forest conservation, biodiversity,and other development goals. This multiple benefits approach to climate change helps developing andtransition countries achieve economic development without sacrificing environmental protection.Active in more than 40 developing and transition countries, the program integrates climate change intothe broad range of USAIDs development assistance activities.

    USAID places particular emphasis on partnerships with the private sector and on working with localand national authorities, communities, and nongovernmental organizations to create alliances that buildon the relative strengths of each. Bringing together a diverse range of stakeholders helps avoidunnecessary duplication and lays the foundation for a sustained, integrated approach. Through training,

    tools, and other means of capacity building, USAID helps developing and transition countries addressclimate-related concerns as a part of their development goals.

    Impact: Aid relating to climate change is infinitely broad, and there can be no distinction

    between what relates to climate, and what doesn't.

    B. That's a Voting issue

    1. It destroys negative ground. Neg cant debate the merits of the case or get links off of it if we

    cant know what they do in the plan.

    2. It makes the plan a moving target They can make new 2AC clarifications in order to squirm

    out of our arguments.

    3. Cross-ex is irrelevant. The plan sets the focus of the debate and if they can clarify in the CX it

    makes the plan a moving target. Also, CX is vital for Neg to get DA or Kritik links or establish

    counterplan competition. Neg shouldnt have to waste it on clarifying the mandates of the plan.

    4. It skews our pre-round prep time, which is key to competition and debatability.

    http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    4/26

    KRITIK NEOLIBERALISM

    Link: At the very heart of canceling foreign aid is the underlying principle of neoliberalism

    Anup Shah(Founder, GLOBAL ISSUES) A Primer on Neoliberalism June 1, 2009 GLOBAL ISSUEShttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalism

    Neoliberalism, in theory, is essentially about making trade between nations easier. It is about freermovement of goods, resources and enterprises in a bid to always find cheaper resources, to maximizeprofits and efficiency.

    As summarized fromWhat is Neo-Liberalism? A brief definition for activists by Elizabeth Martinez and Arnoldo Garcia from Corporate Watch, themain points of neoliberalism includes:

    The rule of the market freedom for capital, goods and services, where the market is self-regulating allowing the trickle down notion of

    wealth distribution. It also includes the deunionizing of labor forces and removals of any impediments to capital mobility, such as regulations.The freedom is from the state, or government.

    Reducing public expenditure for social services, such as health and education, by thegovernment

    Deregulation, to allow market forces to act as a self-regulating mechanism

    Privatization of public enterprise (things from water to even the internet)

    Changing perceptions of public and community good to individualism and individual responsibility.

    Internal Link: Neoliberalism is globalist

    Anup Shah(Founder, GLOBAL ISSUES) A Primer on Neoliberalism June 1, 2009 GLOBAL ISSUEShttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalism

    Overlapping the above is also what Richard Robbins, in his book, Global Problems and the Culture ofCapitalism (Allyn and Bacon, 1999), summarizes (p.100) about some of the guiding principles behindthis ideology of neoliberalism:

    Sustained economic growth is the way to human progress Free markets without government interference would be the most efficient and socially

    optimal allocation of resources Economic globalization would be beneficial to everyone Privatization removes inefficiencies of public sector Governments should mainly function to provide the infrastructure to advance the rule of law

    with respect to property rights and contracts.

    Internal Link: Neoliberalism is capitalist

    Anup Shah(Founder, GLOBAL ISSUES) A Primer on Neoliberalism June 1, 2009 GLOBAL ISSUEShttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalism

    The underlying assumption [of neoliberalism] then is that the free markets are a good thing. They maywell be, but unfortunately, reality seems different from theory. For many economists who believe in itstrongly the ideology almost takes on the form of a theology. However, less discussed is the the issue ofpower and how that can seriously affect, influence and manipulate trade for certain interests. One

    http://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=376http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=376http://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=376http://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalismhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/39/a-primer-on-neoliberalism
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    5/26

    would then need to ask if free trade is really possible.

    Implication #1: Globalization

    Uniformity and homogeneity [i.e. globalization] may be a heavy price to pay for the better

    things we now enjoy, as it introduces the risk of neo-communism

    Dr. Miroslav N. Jovanovic [PhD, Economics,Universities of Novi Sad, Belgrade, Amsterdam and Queen's University (Kingston,Ontario). Lecturer, European Institute of the University of Geneva, 2008-??; Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Peace and Development in Belgrade,

    European Branch of UN University of Peace; Visiting Professor of Economics, UN University of Peace) Does Globalisation Make Sense? Published in

    INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, Vol. 31, No.1, pp. 47-80, February 2008, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170782

    To wrap up the issue, Henry Kissinger called globalisation another name for the dominant role of the United States. Uniformity andhomogeneity in the modern world may be a heavy price to pay for the new or better standardisedthings that we consume. This introduces an ever present potential for the neo-communist risk that

    everyone eats and drinks the same, is dressed the same, shops in the same way, uses homogeneous(perfectly substitutable) goods and services and finally may even, or is forced to, perhaps, think thesame. It colonises by annexing not territory but the thinking and behaviour of a multiplicity ofpolicymakers at a variety of scales. So there are no formal imperial institutions, merely a shiftingconstellation of corporations, border-crossing networks, and territorially-defined political unitsrepresenting, or at least ruling over, distinct communities (Lovering, 2006, p. 222). If someone is not in step with theseglobal developments (regardless of their pseudo-democratic or legal appearances and sugar-coating), well, then... he or she may court trouble from thecentral globalisation politburo.

    Implication #2: Capitalism

    Capitalism subordinates human values and produces every conceivable impact.John Sanbonmatsu(PhD, Philosophy, University of California, Sant Cruz; Associate Professor, Philosophy, Department

    of Humanities and Arts, Worcester Polytechnic Institue, Massachusetts) Why Capitalism Shouldn't be

    Saved May/June 2009 TIKKUN ONLINE(We print articles on social theory, religion/spirituality, social change, contemporary American andglobal politics and economics, ecology, culture, psychology, and Israel/Palestine.)http://www.tikkun.org/article.php/may_jun_09_sanbonmatsu

    In 1997, a group of European academics published a book called The Black Book of Communism, in which they documented the brutality and masskillings committed by totalitarian Communist regimes in the course of the twentieth century. Perhaps a group of academics will one day publish a Black

    Book ofCapitalism. They should. For when a mode of life that subordinates all human and spiritual values to the pursuitof private wealth persists for centuries, there is a lengthy accounting to be made. Among the innumerable sins that havefollowed in capitalism's long train, we might mention, for example, the hidden indignities and dailyhumiliations of the working class and the poor; the strangulation of daily life by corporate

    bureaucracies such as the HMOs, the telecom companies, and the computer giants; the corruption of art and culture by money;[Censored] the corruption of higher education by corporatization; the ceaseless pitching of harmfulproducts to our children and infants; the obliteration of the natural landscape by strip malls, highways,and toxic dumps; the abuse of elderly men and women by low-paid workers in squalid for-profitinstitutions; the fact that millions of poor children are sold into sexual slavery, and millions of others are orphaned by AIDS; the fact that tens ofmillions of women turn to prostitution to pay their bills; and the suffering of the 50 million to 100 million vertebrates that die in scientific laboratories each

    year. We might also highlight the dozens of wars and civil conflicts that are directly or indirectly rootedin the gross material disparities of the capitalist system the bloody conflicts that simmer along frommonth to month, year to year, as though as natural and immutable as the waxing and waning of themoon in places like Darfur, Rwanda, Congo, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Iraq , where millions of

    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170782http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170782http://www.tikkun.org/article.php/may_jun_09_sanbonmatsuhttp://www.tikkun.org/article.php/may_jun_09_sanbonmatsuhttp://www.tikkun.org/article.php/may_jun_09_sanbonmatsuhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170782http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170782http://www.tikkun.org/article.php/may_jun_09_sanbonmatsu
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    6/26

    wretchedly poor people die either at the hands of other wretchedly poor people, or from the bombsdropped from the automated battle platforms of the last surviving superpower. Capitalism is responsiblefor all this, and more besides. Yet perhaps its most destructive feature the one that in many ways

    stands as the greatest single impediment to our own efforts to find a practical and creative solution tothe present crisis is capitalism's fundamental antagonism toward democracy.

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    7/26

    SIGNIFICANCE

    1. Total fund would only amount to $100 billion

    Agence-France Press(Basically, the AP of France) Hillary Clinton Offers Climate Aid to Poor Countries With Strings AttachedDecember 17,2009 THE GRIST http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/

    U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton slightly brightened a grim mood at the U.N. climate talks onThursday by announcing that the United States would contribute toward a long-term fund worth $100billion a year by 2020.

    The contribution would be "in the context of a strong accord in which all major economies standbehind meaningful mitigation actions and provide full transparency as to their implementation,"Clinton told a press conference. In such circumstances, "the United States is prepared to work with

    other countries toward a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020 to address the climatechange needs," she said.

    2. US plans only $10 billion a year for 3 years

    Agence-France Press(Basically, the AP of France) Hillary Clinton Offers Climate Aid to Poor Countries With Strings AttachedDecember 17,

    2009 THE GRIST http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/

    The figure of $100 billion is aligned with figures for long-term funding sketched by the EuropeanUnion, which has yet to announce what share it would pay.

    "It's an important development and very welcome to have the United States on the same page as the

    U.K. and the E.U. in terms of long-term climate finance," a British spokesman said.

    As for short-term finance, $10 billion a year for 2010-2012 is envisaged as a de-facto sweetener for anoverall deal at Copenhagen. That too is making headway.

    A2: 'Not Enough $$$ Anyway'

    1. Though $10 billion seems trivial, the investment pays for itself\

    Michael A Levi( David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow, Energy and the Environment, Council on Foreign

    Relations; Director, Energy Security and Climate Change, Council on Foreign Relations; Project Director, Independent Task Force on Global

    Warming) Smart Politics in Copenhagen December 2009 THE NEW YORK TIMEShttp://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/

    Bailouts have gotten us used to thinking of anything under a trillion dollars as trivial. But $10 billion ofclimate assistance over three years is nothing to sneeze at. No one should think that the European offer is asubstitute for robust long-term financial assistance or for deep cuts in global emissions, and it doesntseem like anyone serious does. Thats no reason, though, to ignore its importance.The fast-start financing, which negotiators hope will total $10 billion annually by 2012 once other countries contributions are included, appears to beaimed primarily at helping the poorest in the world adapt to climate change, and at dealing with deforestation.

    Project Catalyst has done asmart outlineshowing how, spent effectively, that money could meet the developing worlds climate needs for the next fewyears. And the target is realistic: if the United States matched the European number, it would boost U.S. development assistance by a perfectly manageable

    http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://www.project-catalyst.info/images/publications/fast_start_funding.pdfhttp://www.project-catalyst.info/images/publications/fast_start_funding.pdfhttp://www.project-catalyst.info/images/publications/fast_start_funding.pdfhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistancehttp://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistancehttp://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/http://www.grist.org/article/2009-12-17-clinton-offers-climate-aid-to-poor-countries-with-strings/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://www.project-catalyst.info/images/publications/fast_start_funding.pdfhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistance
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    8/26

    10 percent.

    Delivering the money as part of a deal would also have a double-benefit: not only would it aid

    developing countries, it would help blunt efforts by China and other relatively wealthy developingcountries to paint the West as an enemy of the worlds poor. It will be harder for the Chinese to block aCopenhagen deal if doing so comes at the expense of the least developed in the world.

    The European number, unlike its promise of 22-50 billion euros of public finance by 2020, is realistic and grounded in concrete commitments by individualcountries. Washington should step up with a commensurate plan. It should be careful, though, not to get out ahead of Congress, which has not yetearmarked that much money. (The Bush administration learned that lesson the hard way when it pledged billions for a World Bank Clean Technology Fundwithout first securing Congressional support.)

    Offering aid should not be seen as a fall-back in case the United States cant pass its own climatelegislation - if lawmakers wont spend money on clean energy at home, they wont give that money toother countries either. And if the world cant get emissions under control, the cost of adapting toclimate change will surely dwarf the $10 billion thats now on the table.

    2. Climate aid is small, but has large benefits

    Michael Oppenheimer(Professor, Geosciences and International Affairs, Princeton University; PhD,Chemical Physics, University of Chicago; Chief Scientists, Environmental Defense Fund; Manager, Climate and Air Program, Environmental Defense

    Fund) Sea Walls and Crop Changes December 2009 THE NEW YORK TIMEShttp://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/

    The offer of $3 billion would be a helpful political lubricant for the global climate change negotiations,but it would not be significant given the total financial support needed.

    Nonetheless, this sort of aid can make a difference. For the poorest nations, it can be used to makesome of the adaptations needed to deal with the effects of climate change. In Bangladesh, for instance,it could help offset the cost of sea defense and subsidize the abandonment of coastal settlements. Insub-Saharan countries, money could be used to help farmers switch to new crop varieties or establishinstitutions to help farmers adapt to less favorable agricultural conditions.

    Many emissions reduction measures, like increasing energy efficiency, can be carried out in suchcountries with modest capital investments.

    http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    9/26

    DA #1 CLIMATE CHANGE

    Link: Climate aid is needed

    1. Aid is affecting climatic development projects

    David Doniger(Climate Center Policy Director, Natural Resources Defense Council; Director, Climate Change

    Policy, Environmental Protection Agency, Clinton Administration; ) Long-Term Aid Remains Uncertain December 2009 THE NEW

    YORK TIMEShttp://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/

    The E.U.s commitment is a welcome gesture as fast-start finance is vital to helping developing nations, especially the most vulnerable, meet adaptation

    needs and transition onto low-carbon sustainable development paths. Climate change is affecting the developing world nowand those at the greatest risk urgently need access to technology, tools for adaptation tools, andfinancial support to reduce their emissions and cope with the impacts of climate change.

    Fast-start finance must be part of a long-term finance strategy that includes predictable funding streams

    from both public and private sources. The sooner developing nations clarify the long-term fundingstrategies for climate mitigation and adaptation, the easier it will be to spur the necessary public andprivate investment to carry out sound emission reduction and adaptation strategies.

    2. Must finance climate aid to avoid climate change

    Christian Schwgerl(Staff Writer) Obama has Failed the World on Climate Change November2009 SPIEGEL ONLINE

    http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661678,00.html

    But few people expected that Barack Obama, of all people, would continue his predecessor's climate

    changeplan. When he took office at the beginning of 2009, it was clear that the success of the UNClimate Change Summit in Copenhagen in December depended almost entirely on the US -- thatAmerica needed to take a clear leadership role on a problem that could shake civilization to its verycore.

    Only if the US manages to reduce its excessive energy consumption, commit itself to mandatory CO2 emission reduction targets and helpfinance poorer countries' move away from oil is there still a chance that countries like China and Indiawill do the same and that a dangerous warming of the Earth can be stopped. On the weekend,Obama announced thatthere would be no agreement on binding rules in Copenhagen. It was the admission of a massive failing -- and the prelude to a truly dramatic phase ofinternational climate policy.

    Internal Link: Climate Aid is beneficial

    1. Climate aid benefits the climate, energy efficiency, forest conservation, biodiversity, and the

    economy

    United States Agency for International Development Global Climate Change Program February 1, 2010http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/

    Addressing the causes and effects of climate change has been a key focus of USAIDs developmentassistance for over a decade. USAID has funded environmental programs that have reduced growth ingreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while promoting energy efficiency, forest conservation, biodiversity,

    http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661678,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,k-6975,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,k-6975,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,k-6975,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661632,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661632,00.htmlhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/how-much-climate-aid-is-enough/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661678,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,k-6975,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,k-6975,00.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,661632,00.htmlhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    10/26

    and other development goals. This multiple benefits approach to climate change helps developing andtransition countries achieve economic development without sacrificing environmental protection.Active in more than 40 developing and transition countries, the program integrates climate change into

    the broad range of USAIDs development assistance activities.

    2. Developing nations are extremely susceptible to climate change; aid is needed

    United Kingdom Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology Adapting to Climate Change in Developing

    Countries October 2006POSTNOTEhttp://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/postpn269.pdf

    The majority of developing countries are in tropical and sub-tropical regions, areas predicted to beseriously affected by the impacts of climate change: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Small IslandStates (for example Mauritius) have all been identified as regions of concern. This is compounded bythe fact that developing countries are often less able to cope with adverse climate impacts:

    Poverty exacerbates, and is exacerbated by, the impacts of environmental change: Between 1990 and1998, 97% of all natural disaster-related deaths occurred in developing countries. 90% of all natural disasters are climate, weather and water related.

    Livelihoods are highly dependent on climate-sensitive resources: agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, of whichup to 90% is rain-fed, accounts for 70% of regional employment and 35% of gross national product.

    Low adaptive capacity: the poorest inhabitants of developing countries, especially those in theLeast Developed Countries (LDCs), already struggle to cope with current extreme weather events andclimate variability. In 2004 severe flooding in Bangladesh, caused by excessive rains of the annual Asian Summer Monsoon, killed over 600

    people and displaced over 20 million. The greater frequency and severity of climate shocks is repeatedly eroding coping capacity.

    Later on in the report, it goes on to say...

    All countries must adapt. However, developing countries may require assistance from developedcountries where there are gaps in economic, material and/or knowledge resources. Adaptation efforts

    may be assisted through: helping build adaptive capacity; assisting the education process; promoting the sharing of adaptation options; providing tools for impact assessment and adaptation; providing funding (see Box 4) and insurance.

    Impact #1 Public Health

    1. Climate change negatively impacts health (directly and indirectly)

    Prepared by Klaus Topfer(Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme; German Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature

    Conservation and Nuclear Safety; Under Secretary General of the United Nations; General Director of the United Nations Office in Nairobi; foundingdirector of the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies)How Will Global Warming Affect My World A Simplified Guide to the IPCC's 'ClimateChange 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and VulnerabilityNovember 2003 UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTPROGRAMMEhttp://www.unep.org/dec/docs/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdf

    New patterns of heat waves and cold snaps, floods and droughts, and local pollution and allergenswould affect health directly. Indirect effects will result from changes to ecological and social systems.Such impacts will include changes in infectious diseases, freshwater supplies, local food production,population movements and economic activities.

    http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/postpn269.pdfhttp://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/postpn269.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/dec/docs/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdfhttp://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/postpn269.pdfhttp://www.unep.org/dec/docs/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdf
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    11/26

    Impact #2 - Forestry

    1. Climate change will adversely affect agriculture and forestry

    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the leading body for the assessment of climate change,established by theUnited Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) to provide the world with a clear

    scientific view on the current state of climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic consequences. The IPCC is a scientific body. It

    reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate

    change. It does not conduct any research nor does it monitor climate related data or parameters. Thousands of scientists from all over the world contribute

    to the work of the IPCC on a voluntary basis. Review is an essential part of the IPCC process, to ensure an objective and complete assessment of currentinformation. Differing viewpoints existing within the scientific community are reflected in the IPCC reports. The IPCC is an intergovernmental body, and it

    is open to all member countries of UN and WMO. Governments are involved in the IPCC work as they can participate in the review process and in the

    IPCC plenary sessions, where main decisions about the IPCC workprogramme are taken and reports are accepted, adopted and approved. The IPCC

    Bureau and Chairperson are also elected in the plenary sessions. Because of its scientific and intergovernmental nature, the IPCC embodies a unique

    opportunity to provide rigorous and balanced scientific information to decision makers. By endorsing the IPCC reports, governments acknowledge theauthority of their scientific content. The work of the organization is therefore policy-relevant and yet policy-neutral, never policy-prescriptive.)

    Fourth Assessment Report 2007 INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE

    http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html

    Temperature increases can shorten growing cycles, e.g., those of cotton and mango on the north coastof Peru during the El Nio (seeChapter 13,Section 13.2.2). More frequent extreme climate events during specificcrop development stages, together with higher rainfall intensity and longer dry spells, may impactnegatively on crop yields (Olesen et al., 2006). Cyclone landfalls causing floods and destruction have negativeimpacts on coastal areas, e.g., on coconuts in India (seeChapter 5,Section 5.4.4), or on sugar cane and bananasin Queensland (Cyclone Larry in March 2006). Rising sea level has negative impacts on coastal agriculture. Detailedmodelling of inundation implies significant changes to the number of rice crops possible in the Mekong delta under 20-40 cm of relative sea-level rise(Wassmann et al., 2004). Rising sea level potentially threatens inundation and soil salinisation of palm oil and coconuts in Benin and Cte dIvoire (seeChapter 9,Section 9.4.6) and mangoes, cashew nuts and coconuts in Kenya (Republic of Kenya, 2002).

    Coastal forestry is little studied, but forests are easily affected by climatic perturbations, and severe storms cancause extensive losses, e.g., Hurricane Katrina. Plantation forests (mainly P. radiata) on the east coast of

    North Island, New Zealand, are likely to experience growth reductions under projected rainfalldecreases (Ministry for the Environment, 2001). Increasing salinity and greater frequency of flooding due to sea-level rise reduces the ability of trees to generate, including mangroves which will also experience otherchanges (Section 6.4.1.4) (IUCN, 2003).

    Impact #3 - Biodiversity

    1. Climate change will destroy biodiversity

    Dr. Shahid Naeem(PhD, Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; Instructor, Invertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 1989;Instructor, Zoo-10 Introductory Zoology, University of

    California, Berkeley, 1989; Postdoctoral Fellow, Marine Biological Laboratory, Hellsingr, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1991; Fellow, Michigan

    Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1989-92; Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Population Biology, Silwood Park, Imperial

    College, Ascot, Berkshire, England, 1992-94; Associate Professor, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA,

    1994-98; Professor, Dept. of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 1998-2003; Professor of Ecology, Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Environmental Biology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, USA ; Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science;

    Member, American Institute of Biological Sciences; Member, American Society for Microbiology; Member, American Society of Naturalists; Member,

    British Ecological Society; Member, Society for Conservation Biology; Member, Society for the Study of Evolution; ) Biodiversity and the

    Climate Change Coup de Grace August 2005 BIOSCIENCE 55(8):702-704. (BioOne Online

    Journals)

    Of all the well-known and dramatic drivers of biodiversity change, including habitat change, exotic species invasions, overexploitation, and pollution, why,one might ask, do we need a stand-alone volume on climate change? The answer, at least according to the preface ofClimate Change and Biodiversity, is

    http://www.unep.org/http://www.unep.org/http://www.unep.org/http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlhttp://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13s13-2-2.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13s13-2-2.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-4-4.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-4-4.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-4-4.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-6.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-6.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch6s6-4-1-4.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch6s6-4-1-4.htmlhttp://www.unep.org/http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch13s13-2-2.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-4-4.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch9s9-4-6.htmlhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch6s6-4-1-4.html
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    12/26

    simple. Climate change is threatening to accelerate the loss of biodiversity already under way due toother human stressors, so much so that it is now clear that climate change is the major new threat thatwill confront biodiversity this century (p. x). Biodiversity, already being driven to staggeringly low

    levels by habitat change, invasions, overexploitation, and pollution, will be dealt its deathblow byclimate change.

    Impact #4 The Economy

    1. Climate change laundry list on the effects on the economy

    The Program of Climate Economics of the Climate Leadership Initiative(The work of the CLI Program on ClimateEconomics is supported by a steering committee of academic and private economists from across the West and nation. Steering committee members

    provide overall guidance for the program, may be contracted to produce or contribute to economic assessments, and, serve as peer reviewers.) An

    Overview of Potentional Economic Costs to Washington of a Business-As-Usual Approach to Climate ChangeFebruary 17, 2009 CLIMATELEADERSHIP INITIATIVEhttp://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/021609_ClimateEconomicsImpactsReport.pdf

    The bottom of Figure 5 illustrates that climate-related economic harm can occurin several ways. This summary illustrates each mechanism in greater detail:

    Reduction in human health and other constituents of quality of life. Hotter temperatures can increase human mortality;reductions in stream flows can reduce boating, fishing, and other recreational opportunities. Reduction in the value of assets or in the level of income. Increased flooding from climate-related storms can reduce thevalue of exposed properties and disrupt employment for workers at commercial and industrialenterprises in low-lying areas. Increase in climate-related expenditures and, hence, decrease in income available for other purposes. Households, businesses, andgovernment are likely to increase spending on health-related issues in response to higher temperatures,leaving less money for discretionary household spending, business investment and profits, and

    government services. Reduction in the value of goods and services derived from the ecosystem. Changes in climate can diminish an ecosystemsability to provide valuable goods and services, such as those illustrated in Figure 5. The reduced supply ofecosystem goods and services can reduce the quality of life in a community and increase costs forfamilies, businesses, and governments. Loss of employment or reduction in employment opportunities. Workers may be harmed when climate-related events, suchas floods or wildland fires, cause them to lose their jobs and incomes. The indirect effects of climatechange also may lead to similar outcomes, as businesses move away from areas affected by drought toareas with greater availability of water. Increase in risk or uncertainty about future economic conditions. All else equal, the economic well-being of most families,businesses, and communities is diminished when they experience higher risk, i.e., a higher probability

    of having bad things happen to them, and greater uncertainty about the probability that such events willoccur. The prospect of climate change increases both. Increase in unprecedented economic conditions. Preparation for and adaptation to new conditions will generate newcosts that were not necessary to address similar concerns in the past. Climatic, environmental, andeconomic variations in the past provide reference for families, businesses and communities toanticipate impacts and adapt their activities. Insofar as climate change generates conditions notexperienced in the past, preparation and adaptation will be more costly in terms of requiring newinformation, institutions, infrastructure, and behaviors. Undesirable shift in the distribution of wealth, income, and other indicators of economic well-being.

    http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/021609_ClimateEconomicsImpactsReport.pdfhttp://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/021609_ClimateEconomicsImpactsReport.pdfhttp://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/docs/021609_ClimateEconomicsImpactsReport.pdf
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    13/26

    Many Americans may experience harm when climate change, or changes in ecosystems and socialsystems that stem from it, generate economic benefits for one group while imposing costs on another,especially if the latter is poor or otherwise disadvantaged. Similar harm may occur if changes in

    climate cause the extinction of species or the loss of notable landscapes and other natural resources sothey will not be available to future generations.

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    14/26

    DA #2 SOFT POWER

    Link: International Accord

    1. Climate related aid is a mandatory part of the Copenhagen Accord

    Megan Rowling(Journalist) Is Climate Finance Little More than Aid 'Business as Usual?' April 12, 2010 THOMSON REUTERSFOUNDATIONhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/20316/2010/03/12-165429-1.htm

    "There's funding that was agreed to as part of the Copenhagen Accord, and as a general matter, the U.S.is going to use its funds to go to countries that have indicated an interest to be part of the Accord," thePost quotes U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern as saying.

    Uniqueness: Current policy rejects Aff

    1. US policy already counter-productive; Aff makes worse

    Suzanne Goldenberg(US environmental correspondent) US Denies Climate Aid to Countries Opposing Copenhagen Accord

    April 9, 2010 THE GUARDIANhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aid

    However, Alden Meyer, the climate change director for the Union of Concerned Scientists, warned thatsuch a policy risked further inflaming the tensions between the industrialised world and developingcountries that have been a major obstacle to getting a deal.

    "They are playing a pretty hard line," he said. "But it has the potential to be a counterproductivestrategy. To cut off adaptation aid to countries suffering the impacts of climate change that are largely

    the result of past emissions from the US and other industrial countries risks making them look like thebad guys in a morality play. It is not a strategy that is going to play well in the developing world."

    It could also expose America to further criticism that it is not doing enough to shoulder its share ofclimate aid. America has contributed slightly more than a billion to the fund, below its share.

    2. US' hardball policy will highlight Aff's hypocrisy

    Suzanne Goldenberg(US environmental correspondent) US Denies Climate Aid to Countries Opposing Copenhagen Accord

    April 9, 2010 THE GUARDIANhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aid

    The US State Department is denying climate change assistance to countries opposing the Copenhagenaccord, it emerged today.

    The new policy, first reported byThe Washington Post, suggests the Obama administration is ready to play hardball,using aid as well as diplomacy, to bring developing countries into conformity with its efforts to reachan international deal to tackle global warming.

    The Post reported today that Bolivia and Ecuador would now be denied aid after both countries opposed theaccord. The accord is the short document that emerged from the chaos of theCopenhagen climate change summitand is now supported by 110 of the192 nations that are members of the UN climate change convention.

    "There's funding that was agreed to as part of the Copenhagen accord, and as a general matter, the USis going to use its funds to go to countries that have indicated an interest to be part of the accord," the

    http://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/20316/2010/03/12-165429-1.htmhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/20316/2010/03/12-165429-1.htmhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/20316/2010/03/12-165429-1.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.ucsusa.org/http://www.ucsusa.org/http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/20316/2010/03/12-165429-1.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.ucsusa.org/http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagen
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    15/26

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    16/26

    markets to poor countries appear hypocritical in the eyes of others. In a democracy, the "dog" ofdomestic politics is often too large to be wagged by the tail of foreign policy, but when we ignore theconnections, our apparent hypocrisy is costly to our soft power.

    Impact: Soft Power is awesome

    1. Soft power preserves US power and global stability

    Joseph S Nye, Jr(Ph.D. In political science from Harvard University. The 2008 TRIP survey of 1700 international relationsscholars ranked him as the sixth most influential scholar of the past twenty years, and the most influential on American foreign policy. Received his bachelor'sdegree summa cum laude from Princeton in 1958, did postgraduate work at Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship and earned his Ph.D. He is the University

    Distinguished Service Professor of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He was Deputy to the Under Secretary of State for

    Security Assistance, Science and Technology and chaired the National Security Council Group on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Nye also served as

    Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs in the Clinton Administration. In recognition of his service, he received the highest Department

    of State commendation, the Distinguished Honor Award. In 1993 and 1994, he was chairman of the National Intelligence Council, which coordinatesintelligence estimates for the President. He was awarded the Intelligence Communitys Distinguished Service Medal. In 1994 and 1995, he served as Assistant

    Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, where he also won the Distinguished Service Medal with an Oak Leaf Cluster. He has been a trustee of

    Wells College and Radcliffe College. A member of the editorial boards of Foreign Policy and International Security magazines, he is the author of numerous

    books and more than a hundred and fifty articles in professional journals. In addition, he has published policy articles in The New York Times, The Washington

    Post, The International Herald Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, and The Financial Times. He has received numerous prestigious prizes and honorary degrees,and was reportedly passed over by President Obama for the post of Ambassador to Japan- against the urging of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton- in favor of a

    campaign fundraiser.] ) Soft Power and American Foreign Policy 2004 POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY vol 119, iss 2

    (Academic OneFile)

    In the global information age, the attractiveness of the United States will be crucial to our ability toachieve the outcomes we want. Rather than having to put together pick-up coalitions of the willing foreach new game, we will benefit if we are able to attract others into institutional alliances and eschewweakening those we have already created. NATO, for example, not only aggregates the capabilities ofadvanced nations, but its interminable committees, procedures, and exercises also allow these nations

    to train together and quickly become interoperable when a crisis occurs. As for alliances, if the UnitedStates is an attractive source of security and reassurance, other countries will set their expectations indirections that are conducive to our interests. Initially, for example, the U.S.-Japan security treaty wasnot very popular in Japan, but polls show that over the decades, it became more attractive to theJapanese public. Once that happened, Japanese politicians began to build it into their approaches toforeign policy. The United States benefits when it is regarded as a constant and trusted source ofattraction so that other countries are not obliged continually to re-examine their options in anatmosphere of uncertain coalitions. In the Japan case, broad acceptance of the United States by theJapanese public "contributed to the maintenance of US hegemony" and "served as political constraintscompelling the ruling elites to continue cooperation with the United States. (18) Popularity cancontribute to stability.

  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    17/26

    DA #3 ANTI-AMERICANISM

    Link: Aff cuts climate aid

    Internal Link: Hypocrisy creates anti-Americanism

    1. The hypocrisy of foreign policy creates justified dislike for the US

    Jacob G. Hornberger(JD, University of Texas; Founder and President, Future of Freedom Founation; Adjunct Professor, Law and

    Economics, University of Dallas) Democracy, Hypocrisy, and US Foreign Policy February 2006

    THE FUTURE OF FREEDOM FOUNDATION(non-profit libertarian education foundation)http://www.fff.org/comment/com0602a.asp

    The problem, which all too many Americans fail to recognize, is that people all over the world,

    especially in Latin America and the Middle East, dont like the U.S. government and its foreign policy.Equally important, what all too many Americans fail or refuse to recognize is that such dislike is well-

    founded and justified.

    Unlike Americans, foreigners have had first-hand experience with the arrogance, obnoxiousness, and

    hypocrisy that characterize U.S. foreign policy.

    2. Hypocrisy hurts America's foreign standing in the world

    US Senator Carl Levin(Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Comission) April 26, 2007On Legal IssuesRegarding Individuals Detained as Unlawful Enemy Combatantshttp://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127

    America's standing in the world has taken a nosedive since the world embraced us after 9/11.According to a recent poll conducted by the Program on International Policy Attitudes, 67% of thepeople surveyed across 25 countries disapprove of the U.S. handling of Guantanamo detainees. TheProgram Director explained: The thing that comes up repeatedly is not just anger about Iraq. Thecommon theme is hypocrisy. The reaction tends to be You were a chamion of a certain set of rules.Now you are breaking your own rules.

    Uniqueness: Current US policy reversal would highlight American hypocrisy

    1. Current US policy is counterproductive; Aff just makes worse

    Suzanne Goldenberg(US environmental correspondent) US Denies Climate Aid to Countries Opposing Copenhagen Accord

    April 9, 2010 THE GUARDIANhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aid

    However, Alden Meyer, the climate change director for the Union of Concerned Scientists, warned thatsuch a policy risked further inflaming the tensions between the industrialised world and developingcountries that have been a major obstacle to getting a deal.

    "They are playing a pretty hard line," he said. "But it has the potential to be a counterproductivestrategy. To cut off adaptation aid to countries suffering the impacts of climate change that are largely

    http://www.fff.org/comment/com0602a.asphttp://www.fff.org/comment/com0602a.asphttp://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.ucsusa.org/http://www.ucsusa.org/http://www.fff.org/comment/com0602a.asphttp://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=273127http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.ucsusa.org/
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    18/26

    the result of past emissions from the US and other industrial countries risks making them look like thebad guys in a morality play. It is not a strategy that is going to play well in the developing world."

    It could also expose America to further criticism that it is not doing enough to shoulder its share of

    climate aid. America has contributed slightly more than a billion to the fund, below its share.

    2. US' hardball policy will highlight Aff's hypocrisy

    Suzanne Goldenberg(US environmental correspondent) US Denies Climate Aid to Countries Opposing Copenhagen Accord

    April 9, 2010 THE GUARDIANhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aid

    The US State Department is denying climate change assistance to countries opposing the Copenhagenaccord, it emerged today.

    The new policy, first reported byThe Washington Post, suggests the Obama administration is ready to play hardball,using aid as well as diplomacy, to bring developing countries into conformity with its efforts to reach

    an international deal to tackle global warming.The Post reported today that Bolivia and Ecuador would now be denied aid after both countries opposed theaccord. The accord is the short document that emerged from the chaos of theCopenhagen climate change summitand is now supported by 110 of the192 nations that are members of the UN climate change convention.

    "There's funding that was agreed to as part of the Copenhagen accord, and as a general matter, the USis going to use its funds to go to countries that have indicated an interest to be part of the accord," thestate department envoy, Todd Stern, told the Washington Post. He said the decision was not "categorical", suggesting thatother countries that opposed the accord could still get aid. Bolivia had originally been in line for $3m (1.95m) in climate assistance and Ecuador for$2.5m under the State Department's original request to Congress for international climate aid, the Post reported.

    Impact #1: Business and the Economy

    1. Anti-Americanism results in foreign backlash against US businesses

    Jess T. Ford(Director, International Affairs and Trade, Government Accountability Office) Strategic

    Planning Efforts Have Improved, but Agencies Face Significant Implementation Challenges April 2007 Testimony before theSubcommittee on International Organizations, Humans Rights, and Oversight, House Committee on

    Foreign Affairs GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICEhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf

    According to Business for Diplomatic Action,2 anti-Americanism can hurt U.S. businesses by causingboycotts of American products, a backlash against American brands, increased security costs for U.S.companies, higher foreign opposition to U.S. trade policies, and a decrease in the U.S.s ability to

    attract the worlds best talent to join the American workforce. Additionally, a report from the Princeton-based Working Group on Anti-Americanism3 generally echoes the possibility that anti-Americanismmay harm U.S. business interests in these same areas.

    Impact #2: Foreign Policy

    1. Anti-Americanism undermines our foreign policy

    Jess T. Ford(Director, International Affairs and Trade, Government Accountability Office) Strategic

    Planning Efforts Have Improved, but Agencies Face Significant Implementation Challenges April 2007 Testimony before the

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/apr/09/us-climate-aidhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/climate-changehttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/19/copenhagen-closes-weak-dealhttp://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/post-carbon/2010/04/bolivia_ecuador_denied_climate_funds.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/copenhagenhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    19/26

    Subcommittee on International Organizations, Humans Rights, and Oversight, House Committee on

    Foreign Affairs GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICEhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf

    According to the Defense Science Board, the Brookings Institution, and others, anti-Americanism

    around the world may reduce the U.S.s ability to pursue its foreign policy goals, including efforts tofoster diplomatic relationships with other foreign leaders and to garner support for the global war onterror. For instance, in October 2003, the Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab andMuslim World reported that hostility toward the U.S. makes achieving our policy goals far moredifficult. Specifically, according to a paper from the Working Group on Anti-Americanism, foreignleaders may seek to leverage anti-American sentiment in pursuit of their own political goals, whichmay then limit their future support for U.S. foreign policy. As these leaders achieve personal politicalsuccesses based on their opposition to the United States, they may then be less likely to support U.S.foreign policy going forward.

    Impact #3: The War on Terror

    1. Anti-Americanism hurts our efforts in the war on terror

    Jess T. Ford(Director, International Affairs and Trade, Government Accountability Office) Strategic

    Planning Efforts Have Improved, but Agencies Face Significant Implementation Challenges April 2007 Testimony before the

    Subcommittee on International Organizations, Humans Rights, and Oversight, House Committee on

    Foreign Affairs GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICEhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf

    Further, the 9/11 Commission, the Council on Foreign Relations, and others have reported on thepossibility that anti-Americanism may also serve as a barrier to success in the global war on terror andrelated U.S. military operations. Specifically, the 9/11 Commission report of July 2004 stated thatperceptions of the United States foreign policies as anti-Arab, anti-Muslim, and pro-Israel havecontributed to the rise in extremist rhetoric against the United States. Further, the Council on ForeignRelations has argued that increasing hostility toward America in Muslim countries facilitatesrecruitment and support for extremism and terror.

    Impact #4: American Security

    1. Anti-Americanism decreases security for Americans around the world

    Jess T. Ford(Director, International Affairs and Trade, Government Accountability Office) Strategic

    Planning Efforts Have Improved, but Agencies Face Significant Implementation Challenges April 2007 Testimony before the

    Subcommittee on International Organizations, Humans Rights, and Oversight, House Committee onForeign Affairs GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICEhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf

    The Council on Foreign Relations also has identified potential consequences of anti-Americanism onthe security of individual Americans, noting that Americans now face an increased risk of direct attackfrom individuals and small groups that wield increasingly more destructive power. According to States Country

    Reports on Terrorism for 2005,4 56 private U.S. citizens were killed as a result of terrorism incidents in 2005. The Working Group on Anti-Americanism suggests that there is some correlation between anti-Americanism and violence againstAmericans in the greater Middle East but notes that the relationship is complex. For example, they note that while increasedanti-Americanism in Europe or Jordan has not led to violence against Americans or U.S. interests in those areas, it does seem to play arole in fueling such violence in Iraq. Other factors, such as the visibility of Americans overseas, particularly in Iraq; the role of the media

    http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdfhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/for042607.pdf
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    20/26

    in supporting anti-Americanism; and the absence of economic security may also contribute to this violence.

    Impact #5: Democracy

    1. Anti-Americanism hurts US efforts to promote democracy

    Joseph S Nye, Jr(Ph.D. In political science from Harvard University. The 2008 TRIP survey of 1700 international relationsscholars ranked him as the sixth most influential scholar of the past twenty years, and the most influential on American foreign policy. Received his bachelor's

    degree summa cum laude from Princeton in 1958, did postgraduate work at Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship and earned his Ph.D. He is the University

    Distinguished Service Professor of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He was Deputy to the Under Secretary of State forSecurity Assistance, Science and Technology and chaired the National Security Council Group on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Nye also served as

    Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs in the Clinton Administration. In recognition of his service, he received the highest Department

    of State commendation, the Distinguished Honor Award. In 1993 and 1994, he was chairman of the National Intelligence Council, which coordinates

    intelligence estimates for the President. He was awarded the Intelligence Communitys Distinguished Service Medal. In 1994 and 1995, he served as Assistant

    Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, where he also won the Distinguished Service Medal with an Oak Leaf Cluster. He has been a trustee ofWells College and Radcliffe College. A member of the editorial boards of Foreign Policy and International Security magazines, he is the author of numerous

    books and more than a hundred and fifty articles in professional journals. In addition, he has published policy articles in The New York Times, The Washington

    Post, The International Herald Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, and The Financial Times. He has received numerous prestigious prizes and honorary degrees,

    and was reportedly passed over by President Obama for the post of Ambassador to Japan- against the urging of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton- in favor of a

    campaign fundraiser.] )June 25, 2006Why Do They Hate US? (Book Review) THE WASHINGTON POSThttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/22/AR2006062200972.html

    Anti-Americanism obviously feels unpleasant, but does it really hamper American power? Sweig argues thatit does. She points out that after favorable attitudes toward the United States dropped from 52 percent in 2000to 12 percent in 2003, Turkey -- a NATO ally -- refused to let U.S. troops cross its territory to fight inIraq. Similarly, anti-Americanism inhibited pro-American leaders such as Vicente Fox of Mexico andRicardo Lagos of Chile from supporting U.S. policies on Iraq at the U.N. Security Council. Moreover,foreign perceptions of U.S. hypocrisy continue to undercut the Bush administration's efforts to promotedemocracy. Being admired, Sweig writes, makes it easier to be effective.

    Extension

    1. Actions must match rhetoric; key to promoting democracy and human rights\

    US Congressman Bill Delahunt(Chairman, Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight) May 2, 2007A Review ofthe State Department's 2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Opening Statement of Chairman Bill Delahunt at a

    Hearing of the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversighthttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/del050207.htm

    But I also know that Americas power ultimately does not come from our military or economic strength. Itemanates from our core values: our commitment to human rights and democracy. And from how wefulfill that commitment, in our actions, not just our rhetoric.

    The unfortunate fact is that the policies have not lived up to those inspiring words of President Bush.This inconsistency between words and deeds makes us vulnerable to the charge of hypocrisy.Hypocrisy erodes our claim to moral leadership and to the sincerity of our commitment to human rightsand dignity, which is what has always been so appealing to the rest of the world about the UnitedStates. And, as the Government Accountability Office has concluded, this growing negative opinion ofthe US can have real and dangerous consequences for the safety and interests of the American people.

    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/22/AR2006062200972.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/22/AR2006062200972.htmlhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/del050207.htmhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/22/AR2006062200972.htmlhttp://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/del050207.htm
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    21/26

    2. Reducing hypocritical policies can help reduce anti-Americanism

    Yannis A Stivachtis(Associate Professor and International Studies Program Director at Virginia Tech)

    2008 Anti-Americanism in World Affairs: Can the United States Do Anything About It?JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND

    CORSS-CULUTRAL STUDIESVol.2 Iss. 1http://scientificjournals.org/journals2008/articles/1328.pdf

    Liberals worldwide share many of the ideas that are characteristic of the American liberalism.However, the U.S. Is often criticized for not living up to with own ideals. In the political field, critics argue that acountry dedicated to democracy and self-determination has continuously support dictatorships around the world during and after the end of the Col War(like in the Middle East). Moreover, the war against terrorism has led the U.S. To being supporting a variety of oppressive regimes, such as that ofPakistan. In the economic field, critics suggest that although the U.S. Claims to favor freedom of trade, it protects with own economy from competition

    stemming both from developing and developed countries. The result is that the US has been charged of being hypocritical(Gaddis 2004: 27). Liberal anti-Americanism is prevalent in the liberal societies of advanced industrialized countries. For a long time it was prominent inthe Middle East, among secular, western-educated elites. As the Influence of the groups has fallen, it has been replaced by more radical forms of anti-

    Americanism. The potential impact of liberal anti-Americanism would be the decline of support for U.S.Policy. The more the U.S. Is seen as a self-interested power hiding behind the banners of democracyand human rights, rather than a true proponent of those values, the less willing other liberals may be to

    defend it with words or actions. Since liberal anti-Americanism feeds on perceptions of hypocrisy, aless hypocritical set of U.S. Policies could presumable reduce it.

    http://scientificjournals.org/journals2008/articles/1328.pdfhttp://scientificjournals.org/journals2008/articles/1328.pdfhttp://scientificjournals.org/journals2008/articles/1328.pdf
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    22/26

    FOREIGN AID PRO {GENERIC SECTION}

    DA #1 - INDIA

    Link: Foreign Aid helps our international relations

    1. Humanitarian aid cannot stop

    Mauro De Lorenzo (Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute with an MA in linguistics from the University of Delaware

    and Rhodes Scholar with a MSC in social anthropology from Oxford) Published by American Enterprise Institute "We Get More Benefit from

    Long-Term Food Aid Programs June 9, 2008 http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.28126/pub_detail.asp

    "One-off humanitarian efforts, no matter how well-marketed, will not lead to durable gains in

    favorability for the United States. The data from the multi-year Pew Global Attitudes Survey paint amuch more ambiguous picture than the Terror Free Tomorrow poll that the L.A. Times editorial on fooddiplomacy cites. In Pakistan, for example, favorable views of the United States rose from 23% in 2005to 27% in 2006, when memory of the US earthquake response was fresh, but then collapsed to 15% in2007. Indonesia recorded a 38% favorability share in 2005 after Navy ships became the symbol ofrescue for the people of Aceh, but fell to 30% in 2006 and 29% in 2007. This is not a failure ofmarketing, though we could certainly do that better. It is psychology. What is salient and remembered iswhat just happened."

    2. Foreign Aid helps Relations

    CARE(a leading humanitarian organization fighting global poverty, founded in 1945 to provide relief to survivors of World War II) Why Foreign

    Aid Counts 2005 http://www.care.org/getinvolved/advocacy/pdfs/foreignaid.pdf

    "U.S. foreign assistance programs are critical to building a stable and secure world. Supporting theseprograms is not only the right thing to doit represents a practical investment in global stability. U.S.-funded programs produce real change in the lives of children and families living in extreme poverty,while they strengthen U.S. economic security, defend against global health threats and create the basisfor respect and good-will toward the United States in countries around the world."

    Internal Link: Indian Relations

    1. Hurts India

    Reuters (The Indian Express Group boasts an extensive newsgathering and marketing infrastructure as well as a state-of-the-art communicationsnetwork that is one of the best in the Indian publishing industry.) "US cut in aid to India 'wrong' March 8, 2007;http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=82540

    "In a letter to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Rep Tom Lantos, chairman of the US House ofRepresentatives Foreign Affairs Committee, said the proposed cut "disregards the critical priorities ofour Indian partners, ironically casting doubt on the administration's commitment to the goal oftransformational diplomacy at the very time when sweeping progress is within our grasp."US aid to India was $131 million in 2007, but the administration's 2008 budget request is for $81

    http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.28126/pub_detail.asphttp://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.28126/pub_detail.asphttp://www.care.org/getinvolved/advocacy/pdfs/foreignaid.pdfhttp://www.care.org/getinvolved/advocacy/pdfs/foreignaid.pdfhttp://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=82540http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=82540http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.28126/pub_detail.asphttp://www.care.org/getinvolved/advocacy/pdfs/foreignaid.pdfhttp://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=82540
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    23/26

    million.

    This would "effectively zero out highly successful USAID (US Agency for International Development)

    programs in clean energy development, water and sanitation, women's rights, and basic education," theCalifornia Democrat said."

    Impact #1: Indian Partnership

    1. Hurting India hurts the US-India partnership

    Ashley J. Tellis(Senior Associate, Carnevie Endowment for International Peace; Former Senior Advisor to the Ambassador at the US Embassy in

    New Delhi, India;PhD, Political Science, University of Chicago) "Prepared Testimony of Ashley J. Tellis

    before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Subject: U.S. - India Atomic Energy Cooperation: Strategic and Nonproliferation

    Implications" April 26, 2006; http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2006/TellisTestimony060426.pdf

    "The United States and India today are confronted by an incredible opportunity to craft a new globalpartnership that promises to advance a range of common interests in a way that was simply impossibleduring the Cold War. These interests encompass a wide variety of issues ranging from the preservationof peace and stability in a resurgent Asia over the long term, through the current exigencies relating tothe global war on terror, to promoting complex collective goods such as arresting the spread ofweapons of mass destruction, managing climate change, and promoting liberal democracy and an opentrading system."

    Impact #2:Stability

    1. India contributes significantly to US operations to enhance regional stability

    William J. Burns (Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs;PhD, International Relations, Oxford University [wherehe studied as a Marshall Scholar]) "Statement of William J. Burns testifying before the senate Foreign RelationsCommittee Hearing, "The U.S. - India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative" September 18, 2008http://www.carnegieendowment.org/static/npp/reports/burnstestimony20080918.pdf.

    "India has been a valuable partner in the fight against terrorism and disease, drugs and proliferation.These global scourges present particular challenges for South Asia and Indias leadership on theseissues has made it a force for stability in a volatile region."

    Impacyt #3 The Economy

    1. As Indian relations improves, the economies rise

    Subhash Vohra for VOA News (VOA - Voice of America, a news source since 1942) "India Is Emerging As A New Major Market for U.S.

    Defense Industries March 25, 2008;http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-03/2008-03-17-voa46.cfm .

    "During the Cold War period, non-aligned India bought most of its armaments from the former SovietUnion. But in recent years, U.S. arms sales to India have increased rapidly. When India needed militarytransport planes and helicopters last January, it placed the order with Maryland-based Lockheed Martin

    http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2006/TellisTestimony060426.pdfhttp://www.carnegieendowment.org/static/npp/reports/burnstestimony20080918.pdfhttp://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-03/2008-03-17-voa46.cfmhttp://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-03/2008-03-17-voa46.cfmhttp://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2006/TellisTestimony060426.pdfhttp://www.carnegieendowment.org/static/npp/reports/burnstestimony20080918.pdfhttp://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2008-03/2008-03-17-voa46.cfm
  • 8/9/2019 NEG - Abolish Climate Aid CON

    24/26

    Corporation. With the completion of this two billion dollar deal, Washington hopes the door is fullyopen on a major new market for U.S defense industries.

    The article goes on to say...

    Commodore Uday Bhaskar, is a retired Indian Navy officer with 37 years of service. He was a memberof Indias Task Force on Global Strategic Developments. He agrees that during the Cold War, Indiarelied mainly on the former Soviet Union for purchases of advanced weaponry. But as U.S. Indiarelations have improved, so has Indias desire for American military equipment."

    GENERAL

    1. Foreign aid strengthen US security and democracy

    Thomas Lum Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionU.S. Foreign Aidto East and South Asia: Selected Recipients CRS report for congress

    Updated October 8, 2008 (ARO)

    In 2007, the Bush Administration restructured U.S. foreign aid programs to better serve the goal oftransformational development, which places greater emphasis on U.S. security and democracy buildingas the principal goals of foreign aid.2 Toward these ends, the new Strategic Framework for U.S. ForeignAssistance divides aid programming among five objectives: peace and security; governing justly anddemocratically; investing in people; economic growth; and humanitarian assistance. The MillenniumChallenge Account (MCA), established in 2004, promotes these objectives by rewarding countries thatdemonstrate good governance, investment in health and education, and sound economic policies.

    2. US foreign aid assistance promoted economic growth, poverty reduction and humanitarian

    relief

    J. Brian Atwood(Dean, Hubert H Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota; Administrator, USAID, 1993-

    99), M. Peter McPherson(President, National Associate of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges; President, Michigan State University,1993-2004; Administrator, USAID 1981-86) and Andrew Natsiois(Professor, Practice of Diplomacy, Georgetown University;

    Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute;Administrator, USAID, 2001-05)November/December 2008FOREIGN AFFAIRShttp://www.foreignaffairs.org/20081001faessay87609-p0/j-brian-atwood-m-peter-mcpherson-andrew-natsios/arrested-development.html

    The U.S. foreign assistance program has traditionally sought to support U.S. national security andpromote economic growth, poverty reduction, and humanitarian relief abroad. Modern foreign aid

    efforts began with the Marshall Plan, which was justified as a national security measure, ahumanitarian contribution, and an effort to build markets for U.S. exports. In the intervening years, thepolicy rationale for aid has not changed much, and it remains as compelling now as it was then.

    3. Foreign Aid has helped millions