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Extension activities and some achievements in Oromia
PART II
By Mohammed HassenaOromia Agricultural Research Institute
Extension activities and some achievements in Oromia
The high population growth and low agricultural productivity of agriculture
The dominancy of subsistent small scale farmers in the region
The need to introduce technology to the farming households to improve agricultural productivity
Cereals is the dominant crop in the region
Proportion Area of Major Field Crop in Oromia in 2003
Cereal89%
Oil crops8%
Pulse3%
Proportion of Major Field Crops Production in Oromia in 2003
Pulse3%
Cereal93%
Oil crops4%
The package in Oromia
Adapted from SG-2003 and started with five major crops in 1995
High ambition of food self sufficiency by the government Attractive yield in the first few years from demonstration
plots Number of plots and type of technologies increased over
time. Problem of following the program closely
Diversification of Package Plots
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2001 2003
maize ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Sorghum ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Wheat ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Teff ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Barley ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Millet ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Low moisture ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Vegetable ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Livestock ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Post Harvest * ** ** ** ** ** **
Natural Resource ** ** ** ** ** **
Seed Multiplication ** ** ** ** ** **
Pulse ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Oil crop ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Coffee * ** ** ** ** ** **
Cotton * * * * * *
Emmer wheat * * * *
Poor farmer ** ** ** ** **
Number of demonstration plots over years
Year No. Plots
1995 15,741
1996 175,432
1997 237,278
1998 831,461
1999 1,270,823
2000 1,370,086
2001 1,271,952
2002
2003 949,167
Number of demonstration plots by type (major) and year in Oromia
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Num
ber
maize sorghum wheat teff barley natural resource
Number of demonstration plots
About 1.3 mil plot in 2001 One plot for every four rural household Contacting 25% of the rural household Very high concentration of Dem. plots
Input supply for demonstration
fertilizer supply primary input Seed both from seed companies and farmers Chemicals (especially herbicides) Low input supply for livestock technology Credit
Wheat yield (regional and demonstration plots) as related to fertilizer consumption in the region
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Years
Yie
ld (Q
t/ha)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ave
rage
fert
ilize
r ra
te
(kg/
ha)
total demonstration fertilizer
Yield of Teff (regional average and demonstration plot) as related to fertilizer consumption
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Years
Yie
ld (
qt/h
a)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ave
rag
e f
ert
iliz
er
rate
(kg
/ha
)
total demonstration ferilizer
Maize yield (regional and demonstration plot) as related to regional fertilize consumption
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Years
Yie
ld (
qt/h
a)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ave
rage
fer
tiliz
er r
ate
(kg/
ha)
total demonstration fertilizer
Trend in cereal yield in Oromia (1995-2003)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Yie
ld (
Qt/
ha)
Cereal Teff Wheat Barely Sorghum Maize
The achievement
High yield observed on major crops particularly the first two years
Overall yield of cereals is decreasing Fertilizer use has decreased over the period Farmers in Oromia produce partly for market Grain price was not attractive during most part of the
period
Input and output market
Agricultural input supply was monopolized by government institution
Participation of private sector has also increased The regional government’s has given attention to
cooperative Establishment of Oromia cooperative promotion
Bureau Proliferation of cooperatives in Rural areas
Input and output…
In 2002 – 1935 primary cooperatives– 1351 agricultural multipurpose primary
cooperatives– 73 other agricultural cooperatives– 13 cooperative unions
In 200378,034 tones fertilizer (75%)They supply fertilizer for 108 high fertilizer
consuming districts in Oromia 13,640 qt improved seed15523.5 lt. herbicide (100%)122.8 mil birr creditestablishment of cooperative bank in 2003
Cooperatives, participation in input market and credit
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 134 131.4 119.7 119.7 129.88 121.58 111.76 90.97 104.09
cooperative 101.8 83.43 61.03 42.34 30.41 37.95 44.87 78.32 78.03% 75.93 63.49 51.01 35.39 23.41 31.21 40.15 86.09 74.96
Fertilizer
('000 MT)
Share of cooperative in fertilizer market in Oromia
output market
o Output market is still dominated by private sectoro Participation of cooperative is relatively lowo They play role in stabilizing marketo Increase the benefit to their memberso More involvement in cash crop producing areas
(coffee, vegetable, dairy) o For products where there is high output market
link production is better (goat in Borena, Malt barley in Arsi…)
Lesson Learned
Number of demonstration plot is not an end by itself Technology transfer need to be linked to input and output
market Access to market Capacitating cooperatives for effective marketing
