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National Study of Child National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Kyrgyz Republic Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Page 1: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

National Study of Child Poverty National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyzand Disparities, Kyrgyz RepublicRepublic

Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

Page 2: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Country Context • Population 5.14 mln, children U18 -1.94 mln.• 65% of population live in rural area• Life expectancy at birth 68 in 2004• The Kyrgyz economy grew by 3.7 % per annum

during 2000-2005• Poverty fell 63% to 43%, extreme poverty - 33 % to

11% in 2000-2005• Gini Coefficient fell 0,30 to 0,28 in 2000 - 2005 • Unemployment 8.1% in 2005• Remittances comprise 20% of GDP

Page 3: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Country Context, Public Expenditures

11% of Kyrgyz population receive State Benefit

Average size of Unified Monthly Benefit (UMB) and Social

Benefit in 2005 was 19% и 76% of poverty line

2.0%

3.5%3.1%

2.0%

2.8%

4.6%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

Health Education Social Protection

2003

2005

Page 4: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Main policy papers

Comprehensive Development Framework 2010

NPRS 2003-2005

Country Development Strategy (CDS) 2007-2010

Page 5: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Concept of the National StudyApproach: Multidimensionality of child poverty and disparities,

material and non-material dimensions

Goal: Understanding of child poverty and Mainstreaming children in main public policies (CDS) and resource allocation

Objectives:

Assessment of child poverty and deprivation, disaggregated child poverty profile is constructed

Gaps in data and policy responses identified

Effectiveness of policies to reduce child poverty analysed

Recommendations provided on how to improve poverty reduction measures; information is shared on what works and why

Contribution to the regional and global analysis

Page 6: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Hypothesis (preliminary)

Despite observed economic growth Despite observed economic growth child child poverty remains high and poverty remains high and not all Kyrgyz not all Kyrgyz children benefit depending on the region, children benefit depending on the region, location and characteristics of the household, location and characteristics of the household, vulnerability statusvulnerability status

Page 7: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Research process Step 1. Mapping Policies for Children Step 2. Statistical Analysis of the Situation for Children & Trend

AnalysisStep 3: Assessment of Additional Factors Affecting Child

Wellbeing Step 4. Country Analysis Step 5: Final Report Preparation, Discussions and Dissemination

Steering Committee – Presidential Administration+ line ministries, Parliament, principal research institution, NGO, IO

Principal Researcher – International Institute for Strategic Researches (IISR)

Technical WGs under coordination of IISR

Page 8: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Statistical Findings

Child Poverty 52 % children live in poverty, 14.8 % – in extreme poverty. CP is rural areas is 59.5%, which is 22.3 % higher than in urban settings (National Statistics Committee, 2005)Stunting prevalence among children fell from nearly 25% (DHS-1997) to 13.7% (MICS 2006)Consumption of iodized salt increased form nearly 40% in the mid of 1990-s to 76.1% in 2006 (MICS 2006)

Early marriage (15-19 years old women) - a substantial drop during last decade (from 12.3%, DHS-97 to 7.7%, MISC 2006).

Infant and Child Mortality Rates - according to DHS-97 and MICS-06 data - decreased significantly (from 64 (IMR) and 78 (U5MR) to 38 and 44, correspondingly)

Page 9: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Statistical FindingsInfant mortality is still high

Quality of education: School age children show decreasing levels of learning achievements over last seven years - 58.8% of 4-th grade pupils passed Math in 2005 vs. 81.4% in 2001. The Grammar and Literacy test - by 44.2% in 2005 (vs. 59.1% in 2001) (MLA 2001, 2005).

Only 20.4% of women aged 15-49 have comprehensive knowledge about HIV prevention. Use of contraception means was about 60% in 1997, MICS3 result is 48%.

Number of children deprived of parental care (registered during a year) was 2156 in 1995 and grew up to 2742 in 2006.

Percentage of children attending pre-school institutions is about 7% (MoES 2006) 6.6% in Batken/rural and 41.9% in Bishkek/capital.

Page 10: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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National Policy Initiatives and programmes analysed

Income: subsidies, state benefits, employment programmes

Nutrition: breast feeding, micronutrients

Health: immunization, primary health care

CP: birth registration, social services for children without parental care

Education: pre-school, basic education, vocational and higher education

Page 11: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Findings from Policy Analysis

Child poverty is recognised at political levelChild well-being concept is acceptedRecognition of social policy, i.e. efforts made in

CDS for conceptual consolidation under ‘Development of Human and Social Capital’ heading with education, health, social protection and insurance, labour market and migration, culture

Shared intention to streamline social programs and expenditures/Ministry of Social Development

Page 12: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Findings from Policy AnalysisChildren are not explicitly featured in the main policy

document/CDS

Many parts of national programmes and plans duplicate each other and has no cost analysis

Long-term (2001-2010) national programmes not effective against background of changes in political situation

Policy initiatives do not tackle/address regional disparities

Outcomes of the policy initiatives are not known or evaluation is missing on whether policies achieve the objectives

Page 13: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Problematic issues• No programme budgeting (except education)• Reliable statistics is missing on programme coverage

(national and by regions)• Information is missing on how well programmes

reach beneficiaries, especially vulnerable children • Monitoring and evaluation is boiled down to financial

audit; no programme review and revision• In case impact evaluation done further work is limited

to declaration of new goals and objectives

Page 14: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

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Research topic (additional/contributing)

• Public Expenditures for children• Decentralization, its impact on children• Migration• Social Assistance/State Benefits

Page 15: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Special about the Study: Child Well-being Index

I. Material Poverty

II. Children’s Health

III. Mortality coefficients

IV. Education and Pre-School Up-bringing

V. Quality of Life

VI. Risks

1 Child Poverty Level, % of children aged 0-17 years.

2 Extreme Child Poverty Level, % of children aged 0-17 years.

3 Child Poverty Gap, %

4 Percentage of underweighted children (Weight for Age, 1-6 years), %

1 Infant mortality rate, per 1000 live births

2 Perinatal mortality rate, per 1000 births

3 Life Expectancy for children of 5 years age, years

4 Under 5 mortality rate, per 1000 births

5 Maternal mortality rate, per 100’000 births

1 Percentage of underweighted newborns (< 2,5kg), %

2 Tb-incidence among children (0-14y.), per 100’000

3 Anemia prevalence among pregnant women, %

4 Percent of children immunized against measles, %

5 Percent of children immunized against Tuberculosis, %

Page 16: National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyz Republic Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent

UNICEF

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Child Well-being IndexTrends in CWI Components

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

•Income Poverty; •Children’s Health ; •Mortalitycoefficients;

•Education and Pre-School Education;

•Living Conditionsand Quality of Life;

•Risks Rate.

2003 2004 2005 2006

Child Well-Being Index, 2004

50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0

Bishkek

Chui

Osh c.

Issyk-kul

Jalal-abad

Kyrgyz Rep.

Osh

Talas

Batken

Naryn

Education and Pre-school Education

30

40

50

60

70

Кырг

ызс

кая

Рес

публ

ика

Бат

кенс

кая

Жал

алаб

атск

ая

Ысы

ккул

ьска

я

Нар

ынс

кая

Ош

ская

Тал

асск

ая

Чуй

ская

г.Б

ишке

к

г.О

ш

2003 2004 2005 2006