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National Study of Child Poverty National Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, Kyrgyzand Disparities, Kyrgyz RepublicRepublic
Regional Workshop Global Child Poverty Study April 2-4, 2008 Tashkent
UNICEF
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Country Context • Population 5.14 mln, children U18 -1.94 mln.• 65% of population live in rural area• Life expectancy at birth 68 in 2004• The Kyrgyz economy grew by 3.7 % per annum
during 2000-2005• Poverty fell 63% to 43%, extreme poverty - 33 % to
11% in 2000-2005• Gini Coefficient fell 0,30 to 0,28 in 2000 - 2005 • Unemployment 8.1% in 2005• Remittances comprise 20% of GDP
UNICEF
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Country Context, Public Expenditures
11% of Kyrgyz population receive State Benefit
Average size of Unified Monthly Benefit (UMB) and Social
Benefit in 2005 was 19% и 76% of poverty line
2.0%
3.5%3.1%
2.0%
2.8%
4.6%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Health Education Social Protection
2003
2005
UNICEF
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Main policy papers
Comprehensive Development Framework 2010
NPRS 2003-2005
Country Development Strategy (CDS) 2007-2010
UNICEF
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Concept of the National StudyApproach: Multidimensionality of child poverty and disparities,
material and non-material dimensions
Goal: Understanding of child poverty and Mainstreaming children in main public policies (CDS) and resource allocation
Objectives:
Assessment of child poverty and deprivation, disaggregated child poverty profile is constructed
Gaps in data and policy responses identified
Effectiveness of policies to reduce child poverty analysed
Recommendations provided on how to improve poverty reduction measures; information is shared on what works and why
Contribution to the regional and global analysis
UNICEF
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Hypothesis (preliminary)
Despite observed economic growth Despite observed economic growth child child poverty remains high and poverty remains high and not all Kyrgyz not all Kyrgyz children benefit depending on the region, children benefit depending on the region, location and characteristics of the household, location and characteristics of the household, vulnerability statusvulnerability status
UNICEF
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Research process Step 1. Mapping Policies for Children Step 2. Statistical Analysis of the Situation for Children & Trend
AnalysisStep 3: Assessment of Additional Factors Affecting Child
Wellbeing Step 4. Country Analysis Step 5: Final Report Preparation, Discussions and Dissemination
Steering Committee – Presidential Administration+ line ministries, Parliament, principal research institution, NGO, IO
Principal Researcher – International Institute for Strategic Researches (IISR)
Technical WGs under coordination of IISR
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Statistical Findings
Child Poverty 52 % children live in poverty, 14.8 % – in extreme poverty. CP is rural areas is 59.5%, which is 22.3 % higher than in urban settings (National Statistics Committee, 2005)Stunting prevalence among children fell from nearly 25% (DHS-1997) to 13.7% (MICS 2006)Consumption of iodized salt increased form nearly 40% in the mid of 1990-s to 76.1% in 2006 (MICS 2006)
Early marriage (15-19 years old women) - a substantial drop during last decade (from 12.3%, DHS-97 to 7.7%, MISC 2006).
Infant and Child Mortality Rates - according to DHS-97 and MICS-06 data - decreased significantly (from 64 (IMR) and 78 (U5MR) to 38 and 44, correspondingly)
UNICEF
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Statistical FindingsInfant mortality is still high
Quality of education: School age children show decreasing levels of learning achievements over last seven years - 58.8% of 4-th grade pupils passed Math in 2005 vs. 81.4% in 2001. The Grammar and Literacy test - by 44.2% in 2005 (vs. 59.1% in 2001) (MLA 2001, 2005).
Only 20.4% of women aged 15-49 have comprehensive knowledge about HIV prevention. Use of contraception means was about 60% in 1997, MICS3 result is 48%.
Number of children deprived of parental care (registered during a year) was 2156 in 1995 and grew up to 2742 in 2006.
Percentage of children attending pre-school institutions is about 7% (MoES 2006) 6.6% in Batken/rural and 41.9% in Bishkek/capital.
UNICEF
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National Policy Initiatives and programmes analysed
Income: subsidies, state benefits, employment programmes
Nutrition: breast feeding, micronutrients
Health: immunization, primary health care
CP: birth registration, social services for children without parental care
Education: pre-school, basic education, vocational and higher education
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Findings from Policy Analysis
Child poverty is recognised at political levelChild well-being concept is acceptedRecognition of social policy, i.e. efforts made in
CDS for conceptual consolidation under ‘Development of Human and Social Capital’ heading with education, health, social protection and insurance, labour market and migration, culture
Shared intention to streamline social programs and expenditures/Ministry of Social Development
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Findings from Policy AnalysisChildren are not explicitly featured in the main policy
document/CDS
Many parts of national programmes and plans duplicate each other and has no cost analysis
Long-term (2001-2010) national programmes not effective against background of changes in political situation
Policy initiatives do not tackle/address regional disparities
Outcomes of the policy initiatives are not known or evaluation is missing on whether policies achieve the objectives
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Problematic issues• No programme budgeting (except education)• Reliable statistics is missing on programme coverage
(national and by regions)• Information is missing on how well programmes
reach beneficiaries, especially vulnerable children • Monitoring and evaluation is boiled down to financial
audit; no programme review and revision• In case impact evaluation done further work is limited
to declaration of new goals and objectives
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Research topic (additional/contributing)
• Public Expenditures for children• Decentralization, its impact on children• Migration• Social Assistance/State Benefits
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Special about the Study: Child Well-being Index
I. Material Poverty
II. Children’s Health
III. Mortality coefficients
IV. Education and Pre-School Up-bringing
V. Quality of Life
VI. Risks
1 Child Poverty Level, % of children aged 0-17 years.
2 Extreme Child Poverty Level, % of children aged 0-17 years.
3 Child Poverty Gap, %
4 Percentage of underweighted children (Weight for Age, 1-6 years), %
1 Infant mortality rate, per 1000 live births
2 Perinatal mortality rate, per 1000 births
3 Life Expectancy for children of 5 years age, years
4 Under 5 mortality rate, per 1000 births
5 Maternal mortality rate, per 100’000 births
1 Percentage of underweighted newborns (< 2,5kg), %
2 Tb-incidence among children (0-14y.), per 100’000
3 Anemia prevalence among pregnant women, %
4 Percent of children immunized against measles, %
5 Percent of children immunized against Tuberculosis, %
UNICEF
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Child Well-being IndexTrends in CWI Components
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
•Income Poverty; •Children’s Health ; •Mortalitycoefficients;
•Education and Pre-School Education;
•Living Conditionsand Quality of Life;
•Risks Rate.
2003 2004 2005 2006
Child Well-Being Index, 2004
50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0
Bishkek
Chui
Osh c.
Issyk-kul
Jalal-abad
Kyrgyz Rep.
Osh
Talas
Batken
Naryn
Education and Pre-school Education
30
40
50
60
70
Кырг
ызс
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Рес
публ
ика
Бат
кенс
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Жал
алаб
атск
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Ысы
ккул
ьска
я
Нар
ынс
кая
Ош
ская
Тал
асск
ая
Чуй
ская
г.Б
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2003 2004 2005 2006