Name______________________________

Unit 2 Classification (chapter 18) Test Review Know how to read/interpret a cladogram. Read Miller and Urey’s experiment Read Germ theory and Koch’s postulates Know similarities and differences between viruses and living cells. Be able to give examples of organisms in each of the 6 kingdoms. Must study from notes, handouts, assignments Use Notes and textbook to complete this test review.

1. The science of grouping organisms on the basis of their similarities is called Taxonomy

2. The practice of using two word names for scientific names is known as Binomial Nomenclature.

3. The scientific name consists of what two parts? genus and species

4. Write the name CANIS LUPUS correctly. Canis lupus

5. A dichotomous key gives a list of choices that lead to the name of an organism being identified.

6. Derived characteristics are used to generate a cladogram, a diagram that shows relationships among groups of organisms in terms of evolution.

7. Traditional classification considered only physical characteristics and structural similarities of organisms for classifying them.

8. The modern taxonomists study the following characteristics of organisms to determine relationships among organisms.Structural similarities, DNA, Biochemical similarities, Embryological development, Reproductive potential, Evolutionary history.

9. List the 7 levels of taxonomy, from largest (most inclusive) to smallest. a. Kingdom e.Familyb. Phylum f. Genusc. Class g. Speciesd. Order

10. Complete the chart below.Domain Kingdom

Archaea Archaebacteia

Bacteria Eubacteria

EukaryaFungi, Protista,

Plantae and Animalia.

11. Organisms that do not contain a nucleus are called prokaryoticOrganisms that DO contain a nucleus are called Eukaryotic

12. An organism that can produce its own food is known as a(n) AutotrophAn organism that must obtain food is known as a(n) Heterotroph

13. In what Kingdom do we find most eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or autotrophic? Protista

14. A new organism was discovered. It has no nucleus and lives in a high-temperature pool. To what kingdom does it belong? Archaebacteria

15. Another new organism was found nearby. It is a heterotroph, has a cell wall, and gets nutrients from decomposing matter. To what kingdom does it belong? Fungi, or Eubacteria

16. Another organisms was found that is an autotroph and has no nucleus. To what kingdom does it belong? Eubacteria (it is cyanobacteria – which can photosynthesize)

17. Scientists have found that humans and yeasts have similar genes for the assembly of certain proteins. Similar genes are evidence of common ancestry.

18. Which of the following are sister taxa? D & E B & C A & D C & D

19. Cladograms

In the cladogram above which species are sister taxa?a) Lizard and Chickenb) Chipmunk and Cougar

Which species have an amnion (a membrane around an embryo)?Lizard, Chicken, Chipmunk and Cougar

According to the above cladogram, did the chicken evolve from the lizard? No

20. The kingdom Animalia contains many different organisms. Which organism(s) does (do) not have tissues? Sponge

21. According to the cladogram above, which is (are) correct?

i. salamanders and lizards are sister taxaii. lizard evolved from salamandersiii. lizards, hamsters, and chimpanzees have claws

A. i B. ii C. iii D. i and ii E. i and iii F. ii and iii G. i, ii, and iii

22. If two organisms are similar and can produce fertile offspring, they are probably members of the same species.

23. What phylum are the classes Reptila and Mammalia in? Chordata

24. Organisms, such as humans, that get their body heat from metabolism are called endothermic. Reptiles, amphibians, etc that have to use the outside environment to maintain their temp are ectothermic.

25. Earth’s early atmosphere contained little or no oxygen gas . Cyanobacteria, single-celled prokaryotic produced oxygen, as an end product of photosynthesis.

26. Using the cladogram below, Determine which two organisms are most closely related.Reptiles & Birds

27. According to this cladogram, what is a characteristic that birds and living reptiles have that mammals, amphibians and fish do not?2 holes in skull behind eye

28. What is the one characteristic that all of these organisms share?backbone

HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLYKINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropoda

CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal InsectORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora DipteraFAMILY Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Felidae MuscidaeGENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis MuscaSPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica

29. Look at the table above, Which organism is most closely related to the chimp? human

The lion is most closely related to the House cat

30. The graph shown here looks at how mutations occur at a fairly constant rate. This is called a

Molecular clock

31. Viruses are not considered to be alive according to the current definition of life? What characteristics of life do they not show? Cannot reproduce outside host

32. MatchingE,F, H, I, J,L ArchaebacteriaD,F, H, I , J, L EubacteriaB, G,I,K,L,N, ProtistC, G, H, J, K, L, FungiG, I, K, L, O, Q PlantaeA, G, H, K, M, P Animalia

33. What procedure did Koch use to identify the cause of a disease? Infectious agent must be present in every case of the disease Infectious agent must be extracted from an diseased individual, isolated from all other micro-

organisms, and grown independently in laboratory culture The cultured infectious agent, must create the same disease when introduced into a healthy test

individual of the same species The supposed infectious agent must be extracted from the test individual and shown to be the same

microorganism

34. Using the dichotomous key below, identify the organism Virginia bluebell(Hint: All the plants have blue or purple flowers with five petals that are fused together).

H. heterotrophI. autotrophJ. unicellularK. multicellularL. has cell wallM.no cell wallN. algaeO. dandelionP. squidQ. spinach

A. wormsB. planktonC. mushroomsD. E. coliE. thermophilesF. prokaryoteG. eukaryote

35.

More practice:

What are the 6 kingdoms of life?1. Eubacteria

2. Archaebacteria

3. Protista

4. Fungi

5. Plantae

6. Animalia

Find out kingdom in which the following organisms belong? (Use flipchart available on the website)

1. Mushrooms and yeast - Fungi

2. Most photosynthetic autotrophs - Plantae

3. Homo sapien - Animalia

4. Organism that have wall of chitin - Fungi

5. Invertebrates and vertebrates - Animalia

6. Organisms that live in extreme conditions, at deep ocean vents and hot springs - Archaebacteria

7. Protozoans and brown, yellow, green and red algae - Protista

8. Ferns, shrubs, grasses, trees - Plantae

9. A sea sponge - Animalia

10. Bacteria and blue-green algae - Eubacteria

11. Mammalia & Reptilia - Animalia

12. Mosses - Plantae

13. Mold and mildew - Fungi

14. Paramecium, Amoeba - Protist

15. Single-celled and multi-celled organisms- Fungi & Protista