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Nail Theory •Nail Structur e •Nail Growth •Nail Diseases , Disorder s, and Conditio

Nail Theory

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Nail Theory. Nail Structure Nail Growth Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions. Onychology. The study of nails. Nail Structure. Free Edge – Extends past the skin. Nail Body – Visible nail area. Nail Wall – Skin on both sides of nail. Lunula – Whitened half-moon - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Nail Theory

Nail Theory•Nail Structure

•Nail Growth

•Nail Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions

Page 2: Nail Theory

OnychologyThe study of nails.

Page 3: Nail Theory

Nail Structure1. Free Edge – Extends past the

skin.2. Nail Body – Visible nail area.3. Nail Wall – Skin on both sides

of nail.4. Lunula – Whitened half-moon5. Eponychium – Lies at the

base of the nail, live skin.6. Mantle – Holds root and

matrix.

Page 4: Nail Theory

Nail Structure7. Nail Matrix – Generates cells that

make the nail.8. Nail Root – Attached to matrix9. Cuticle – Overlapping skin

around the nail10. Nail Bed – Skin that nail sits on11. Nail Grooves – Tracks that nail

slides on12. Perionychium – Skin around nail13. Hyponychium – Underneath the

free edge

Page 5: Nail Theory

Hyponychium

Nail Body

Nail GrooveNail Bed

LunulaEponychium

Nail Root

Matrix

Page 6: Nail Theory

Free Edge

Nail Bed

Eponychium

Matrix

Nail Root

Page 7: Nail Theory

Nail Growth• Keratin – Glue-like protein

that hardens to make the nail.• Rate of Growth

– 4 to 6 month to grow new nail– Approx. 1/8” per month

• Faster in summer

Page 8: Nail Theory

Injuries• Result: shape distortions or discoloration

– Nail lost due to trauma.– Nail lost through disease.

Page 9: Nail Theory

Nippers Nail Clippers

Cuticle Pusher Emery Board

or orangewood stick

Types of Nail Implements

Page 10: Nail Theory

Nail Diseases, Disorders and Conditions

• Onychosis – Any nail disease• Etiology – Cause of nail disease, disorder

or condition.• Hand and Nail Examination – Check for

problems• Six signs of infection – Pain, swelling,

redness, local fever, throbbing and pus

Page 11: Nail Theory

Symptoms• Coldness – Lack of circulation• Heat – Infection• Dry Texture – Lack of moisture• Redness – Infection• Color of Nail Bed – Bruise• Condition of Free Edge – Nail biter• Tenderness/stiffness – Arthritis• Nail Plate Thickness - Filing

Page 12: Nail Theory

Nail Irregularities•Refer to a physician!!–Do not diagnose!!

Page 13: Nail Theory

Onychomycosis• Tinea Unguium /

Ringworm• Cause – fungus• Thick, turns colors,

deformed• See physician• No services may be

performed!!!

Page 14: Nail Theory

Tinea Manus• Hand Ringworm• Fungus• Blisters & flakes• See physician• No services may be

performed!!

Page 15: Nail Theory

Tinea Pedis• Athletes Foot / Foot

Ringworm• Fungus• Itching & red blisters• See Physician• No services may be

performed!!

Page 16: Nail Theory

Paronychia• Inflammation• Bacterial Infection• Shows signs of infection• May grow out irregular• See physician• No service may be

performed!!

Page 17: Nail Theory

Onychoptosis• Shedding of Nails• Disease• Sensitive, nail loss

– Will re-grow• Needs to be protected• No service may be

performed!!

Page 18: Nail Theory

Onychia• Inflammation of Matrix• Bacterial Infection• Signs of infection• Nail may not grow back

– If it does grow, may be deformed

• Needs to be protected• No services may be

performed!!

Page 19: Nail Theory

Onychatrophia• Wasting away of the nail• Injury• Shrinkage, separation• May improve in 3 – 6

months• No services may be

performed!!

Page 20: Nail Theory

Onycholysis• Loosening of Nail• Systemic• Partially loose nail,

becomes detached• See physician• No services may be

performed!!

Page 21: Nail Theory

Blue Nails• Blue nails• Systemic• Blue in color, poor

circulation• Manicure with

caution!

Page 22: Nail Theory

Corrugations• Ridges across nail• Injury/systemic• Ridges

– Buff lightly– Ridges may disappear

while growing out.• Lightly buff, apply base

coat

Page 23: Nail Theory

Kolionychia• Spoon Nails• Systemic• Concave, unusual

shape, unlikely to disappear

• File carefully, polish to protect

Page 24: Nail Theory

Furrows• Vertical Lines• Injury• Buff lightly, may grow

out, may be permanent• Lightly buff and apply

base coat

Page 25: Nail Theory

Onychogryposis• Claw Nails• Systemic• Thick, curved, claw-

like• Physician may

remove– Difficult to clean and

cut.• Clean under free

edge.

Page 26: Nail Theory

Extreme Case of Onychogryposis

Page 27: Nail Theory

Onychocryptosis• Ingrown Nails• Environmental• Signs of infection: No

Service• Refer to physician• If not infected: Soften

skin, trim nail• DO NOT CUT OUT

INGROWN NAIL!!

Page 28: Nail Theory

Onychauxis• Hypotrophy• Injury• Thickness, easily

recognizable• Lightly buff

Page 29: Nail Theory

Agnails• Hang Nail• Dry Cuticle• Skin breaks at corner

of nail, trim• May heal in 2 to 3

days• Trim Hangnail and

Moisturize

Page 30: Nail Theory

Bruised Nails• Purple Nails• Trauma• Discoloration under nail,

normal growth will continue

• No pressure on nail plate.

Page 31: Nail Theory

Leuconychia• White spots • Injury or liver disease• Small separation from

nail bed, grows out with nail.

• Perform nail service as usual.

Page 32: Nail Theory

Pterygium• Overgrown cuticles• Sticky cuticle• Excess cuticle that splits

and eventually tears.• Soften, massage

cuticles and push back– Unless skin is broken,

then no service.

Page 33: Nail Theory

Extreme Case of Pterygium

Page 34: Nail Theory

Onychophagy• Bitten Nails• Habit• Easily recognizable,

will re-grow if biting stops

• Perform nail service weekly

Page 35: Nail Theory

Onychorrhexis• Split Nails• Injury (improper filing

or harsh chemical contact)

• Easily recognizable, file with emery board carefully, may be permanent

• Soften nails, use hot oil manicure

Page 36: Nail Theory