Music of MindanaoMusic of Islamic FilipinoIslamic Cultural GroupsBadjao- SuluIlanun – Sulu, Tawi TawiJama Mapun- SuluMaguindanao- Maguindanao, Cotabato, SKMaranao –Lanao, BukidnonSamal- SuluTausug-SuluYakan- Basilan

Characteristics of Islamic MusicMelisma singingSong PhrasesNarrow singingFluid singingTremoloStrained VoiceNasal Enunciation

Vocal MusicLife CycleLangan Bata Bata- Lullabye of Tausug.Tarasul- Tausug song of advice to wedded couple.Dekir- death song of Maranao.Dekil- Maguindanao dirge in vigil.

Religious ChantsSalathul Juma- Friday prayer chantTarawe- chant during the Ramadan

Folk EpicRajah Indarapatra- MaguindanaoDarangen- Maranao

Music of Non-Islam FilipinoNon-Islam Cultural GroupsBagobo- Davao Gulf and Davao RegionBilaan – Davao GulfKalagan – Davao GulfMandaya – Davao RegionMansaka – Davao RegionManobo – Bukidnon, Agusan Del Sur, CotabatoMatigsalug- BukidnonSubanon- Zamboanga peninsulaTiruray- SOCCSARGEN Region, T’boli – South Cotabato

Vocal MusicLife CycleBua - Lullabye of Subanon.Uyug- Uyug – Lullabye of Mansaka.Yadadang- Lullabye of BilaanManambay- Chant on circumscision ritual of SubanonKambong- love incantation of Manobo

Life CycleSinda-ay- Weddingchant sung before inviting the groom’s party to enter the bride’s house.Balow– song for a dead husband of Matigsalug.Iring Iring- Manobo song sung on wakesUlag Ing- lament song of Manobo

Occupational SongGago Napu- song for either hunting or fishing of SubanonBalatuking– Manobo harvest songRitual SongDiwata- for curing ceremony of SubanonPamasag- for victory celebration of ManoboPangan Do- for thanksgiving of Manobo

1-6 Islamic Cultural GroupsB___I___J___ M___M_____M____S____T_____Y_____

7-14 Non-Islam Cultural GroupsB___B____K____M____M____M____M____S___T___T___

Rearranged the scrambled letters to find the answer15. nganla taba taba- Lullabye of Tausug.16. rasulta- Tausug song of advice to wedded couple.17.kired- death song of Maranao.18.kdeil- Maguindanao dirge in vigil.

19. lasathul muja- Friday prayer chant20.ratawe- chant during the Ramadan21.jahra daintrapa- Maguindanao22.randagen- Maranao

23.abu- Lullabye of Subanon.24.yugu- yugu – Lullabye of Mansaka.25.dadayang- Lullabye of Bilaan26.nambamay- Chant on circumscision ritual of Subanon

27. nidsa-ya- Wedding chant sung before inviting the groom’s party to enter the bride’s house.28.lobaw– song for a dead husband of Matigsalug.

29.aggo puna- song for either hunting or fishing of Subanon30..watadi- ritual song of Subanon for curing ceremony.

The Musical Instruments of Mindanao

CHORDOPHONES (STRINGED INSTRUMENTS)

A chordophone is any musical instrument which makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points

02/16/15TWO STRINGED-LUTEMansaka-BinarigBilaan-FaglongT'boli-Hagelong or hegalong

Mansaka -Kudlong Manobo - Kudlong, kdlung, kutyapi

Maranao-Kutyapi

Bukidnon – “katyapi”Subanen – “kutapi”Tiruray -“fegerong” Ata – “kudlung”Bagobo – “kodlong”Maguindanao-Kudyapi

Kudyapi - is a guitar with two strings. It is about 1 1/2 m long and made of wood. It has a stick to support in its lower end and is played in the same position as cello.

02/16/15

KUDLUNG

side view

Kudlung, top view

Kudlung, the head with the handle for fine tuning

Ethnic group: B'laan

Location: SE Mindanao

(christian / animist part)

Classification

Chordophone, two stringed

boat lute

Saluroy- is a bamboo polychordal tube zither of Bagobo .It is called as kolitong in Cordillera region.

Aduwag-ay -one -stringed fiddle instrument of Bilaans also called Kugot (Agusan-Manobo) and Duwagey (T'boli)

AEROPHONES (WIND INSTRUMENTS)

is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a

body of air to vibratewithout the use of strings or membranesand without the

vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.

Sahunay - is a bamboo flute, leaving six holes for the fingers and trumpet made of coconut leaf. It is about 50 cm long and 3 cm in diameter. This is a bamboo flute of the Tausugs in Sulu.

Palendag- A lip-valley flute, it is considered the toughest of the three bamboo flutes (the others being the tumpong and the suling) to use because of the way one must shape one's lips against its tip to make a sound.The construction of the mouthpiece is such that the lower end is cut diagonally to accommodate the lower lip and the second diagonal cut is make for the blowing edge.

is a type of Philippine bamboo flute, the largest one used by the Maguindanaon, a smaller type of this instrument is called the Hulakteb (Bukidnon).

Other names:

Bunabon- MandayaHlandag- T’boliPalundag- BilaanTanggab and Tulali- SubanonPulalu – Manobo and MansakaPalandag- BagoboPulala- Bukidnon

Suling- ring flute of Bilaan and Tiruray, Maguindanao, Samal, Tausug and Yakan

-is the smallest bamboo flute of the Maguindanaon and the only one classified as a ring-flute (the other two bamboo flutes of the Maguindanaon, the tumpong and the palendag are both lip-valley flutes).

Other names for the suling include:Lantey (Ata), Kinsi (Bukidnon), Dagoyong (Higanon)Babarak (Palawan)

IDIOPHONES (PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS)An idiophone is any musical instrument

which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument's vibrating, without the use of strings or membranes

Most percussion instruments which are not drums are idiophones.

Kulintang is a term with various meanings, all related to the melody-playing gong row. Technically, the term kulintang is the Maguindanao word for eight gong kettles which are laid horizontally upon a rack creating an entire kulintang set called apasangan. This idiophone functions as a lead/central melodic instrument for the entire ensemble.Other names:

Kulintang - Bilaan, Subanon, Maguindanao, Maranao, Samal, and Jama

Klintang- T’boli

Kwintangan- Yakan

Kulintang - is a set of eight knobbed gongs in

graduated sizes from largest to smallest mounted in a wooden frame, about a meter long. Muslim carvings decorated the frame. The kulintang is played by striking the gongs with two pieces of wood, about 12 inches long while the player squats on the floor. The instruments is popular in Sulu.

Gabbang - is similar to a xylophone. It is made of wooden box with one end wider than the other, and with an open top. Across top, wooden bars of different lengths are placed to fit the shape of the box, about 1 cm from each other. It is played by striking the wooden bars with a wooden hammer. This instruments is popular in Sulu.

Front view

Top view

The two beaters

GabbangDescriptionXylophone with 17 keys made of bamboo, separated by metal nails. The resonating case is dcorated with floral motives. At the sides are two mirrors.The beaters are made of wood with a piece of tube rubberDimensions: length: 102 cm., width: 51 cm. height: 37 cm.

The Gabbang can be played as a solo instrument. Sometimes a duo is formed with a 'biula', a local violin.

A Taosug woman plays the gabbang.

The resonating case, decorated with floral motives

Gandingan a Kayo (translated means, “wooden gandingan,” or “gandingan made of wood”) is a Philippine xylophone and considered the wooden version of the real gandingan. This instrument is a relatively new instrument coming of age due to the increasing popularity of the “wooden kulintang ensemble,”

Kulintang a KayoThis is a wooden xylophone of the Maguindanao people.

Kulintang a Kayo (literally, “wooden kulintang”) is a Philippine xylophone of the Maguindanaon people with eight tuned slabs arranged horizontally atop a wooden antangan (rack). Made of soft wood such as bayug, the kulintang a kayo is a common found among Maguindanaon households with a musical background. Traditionally, it was used for self-entertainment purpose inside the house, so beginners could practice kulintang pieces before performing them on the real kulintang and only recently have they been performed as part of a “wooden kulintang ensemble.”

Agung – is a set a two wide rimmed bossed-gongs hangs from horizontal pole or wooden frame. It is used by the Maguindanao, Maranao, Samal-Bajau and Tausug people of the Philippines

The larger, lower pitched gong of the two is called

the pangandungan by the Maguindanao and

the p'nanggisa-an by the Maranao. Played on the musician's right, it provides the main part, which it predominantly played on the accents of the rhythmic structure.The smaller, higher pitched gong, the thicker of the two, is called the

panentekan by the Maguindanao and

the p'malsan or pumalsan by the Maranao.

The agung is usually performed while standing beside the instrument, holding the upper edge of its flange between the thumb and other fingers with the left hand while striking the knob with the right hand. The mallets,

called balu, are made from short sticks about half a foot in length and padded with soft but tough material such asrubber at one end.

Gandingan - is a set of four small narrow- rimmed and suspended gongs. They hang in pairs with the knobs of the lower pitched gongs facing each other. The same with the two higher pitched gongs. The pair of lower pitched gongs is positioned on the player's left side while the pair of the higher pitched gongs is on the right. The player usually a woman who stands between the two pair of gongs. Her body touches slightly the gong in the middle to prevent from swinging. She uses two padded mallets

Gandingan When integrated into the ensemble, it functions as a secondary melodic instrument after the main melodic instrument, the kulintang. When played solo, the gandingan allows fellow Maguindanao to communicate with each other, allowing them to send messages or warnings via long distances. This abilityto imitate tones of the Maguindanaolanguage using this instrument has given the gandingan

connotation: the “talking gongs.

Babandil- is a single, narrow-rimmed Philippine gong used primarily as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao kulintang ensemble.

Also called: Babendir- (Maguindanao) Babandir - (Maranao), Babandir - (Tagbanwa, Batak,

Palaw’an),Banendir and Tungtung,-

(Tausug), Salimbal - (Samal)Mapindil - (YakanBubundi- Mansaka

BabandilIt is struck with thin bamboo sticks to produce a metallic sound.There are three ways to play the babendil.1. by striking the rim of the suspended gong with a pair of sticks on the left hand.2. by striking the gong's rim with the right hand using one stick while the left hand grasps the rim.3. by laying the instruments upside and striking the gong's rim with the two sticks.

Kagul is a type of Philippine bamboo scraper gong/slit drum of the Maguindanaon and Visayans with a jagged edge on one side, played with two beaters, one scarping the jagged edge and the other one making a beat. The Maguindanaon and the Banuwaen use it in the rice paddies to guard against voracious birds, using the sound it produces to scare them away.The Maguindanaon and theBukidnon also use it for simple dance rhythms during social occasions. It is also called:

Garakot ( Maranao)

Tagutok (Yakan)

Bantula or Tagungtung –(Bukidnon)

Tagutok/ Kagul

Kulintang a Tiniok is a type of Philippine metallophone with eight tuned knobbed metal plates strung together via string atop a wooden antangan (rack). Kulintang a tiniok is a Maguindanaon term meaning “kulintang with string” but they also could call them kulintang a putao, meaning “kulintang of metal.” The Maranao refer to this instrument as a sarunay (or salunay, salonay, saronay, saronai, sarunai), terminology which has become popular for this instrument in America.

Kubing –it is a bamboo jaw harp of Tiruray. These have become one of the most popular jaw harps internationally due to their highly responsive sound and ornate designs. In the hands of a good player the kubing is capable of a vast number of sounds and timbres. This kubing was collected in Manila in 1987.Other names:Kumbing –Bagobo

Lideng- Bilaan

Kobing- Maranao and Samal

Kulaing – Tausug and Yakan

KubingEthnic group: AttaLocation: SE MindanaoClassification: Idiophone, jaw harp

DescriptionMade of bamboo; Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well.Dimensions: length: 20,8 cm., width: 1 cm.

Quintik Ofong plays the kubing (T'boli)

MEMBRANOPHONES (DRUM INSTRUMENTS)

Dabakan - is a goblet -shaped drum of Maguindanao and Maranao, which has a single head covered with goat, lizard or snakeskin. It is struck withtwo thin bamboo sticks about 18 inches in length.

Dadabuan

Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: West central Mindanao (muslim south)

ClassificationMembranophone, hour glass shaped drum

DescriptionHour glass shaped drum made of wood; the membrane is made of carabao skin. Decorated with carvings and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble.Dimensions: height: 59 cm. diameter (membrane): 19 cm.

Gandang - is a two-headed cylindrical drum of Tausug, Samal, Badjao, Maranao and Maguindanao. Called as Kendang in other South East Asian countries. It is one of the primary instruments used in the Gamelan ensembles ofJava, Bali and Terengganu.

Gandang

Ensemble – small groups of instrument played simultaneously.

Pala Buni Bunyan- Maguindanao ensemble consisted of five instruments the kulintang, agung, gandingan, dabakan and babendil/ babandir

The complete ensemble

Kulintang ensemble

Tagunggo – Yakan ensemble is made up of brass kwintangan, gabbang, set of 3 agung and bamboo slit drum called Tagutok.

I. Identify the instrument.Rearrange the scrambled letters to find the answer:

1. anggand - is a two-headed cylindrical drum of Tausug, Samal, Badjao, Maranao and Maguindanao.

2. atutgok - is a type

of Philippine bamboo scraper or bamboo slit drum

3.dabanbil- is a single, narrow-

rimmed Philippine gong used primarily as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao kulintang ensemble.

4. nadgingan - is a set of four small narrow- rimmed and suspended gongs usually played by a woman.

5.ganug – is a set a two wide

rimmed bossed-gongs hangs from horizontal pole or wooden frame.

6. lintakngu a yoka (literally, “wooden kulintang”) is a Philippine xylophone of the Maguindanaon people with eight tuned slabs arranged horizontally atop a wooden rack

7. ndinagdan a yoka (translated means, “wooden gandingan,” or “gandingan made of wood”) is a Philippine xylophone and considered the wooden version of the real gandingan.

8.bagbang – is a wooden xylophone

9.lintakngu - is a set of eight

knobbed gongs in graduated sizes from largest to smallest mounted in a wooden frame.

10.lisngu- ring flute of Bilaan and Tiruray, Maguindanao, Samal, Tausug and Yakan

11.alpandagu- A lip-valley flute, of Bilaan.

12.ugkot -one -stringed fiddle instrument of Agusan-Manobo

13.duyakpi - is a guitar with two

strings shaped like a boat.

14.luroyas- is a bamboo polychordal tube zither of Bagobo .It is called as kolitong in Cordillera region.

15.binguk –it is a bamboo jaw harp of Tiruray.

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