Multi Utility Heat Pumps - NTPC Limitednetraconfer.ntpc.co.in/pdfs/RnD/Saraswati/Session2a/MUHP.pdf · Presentation on Heat Pumps and Waste Heat Recovery by Prof M V Rane on 9/03/2016

Presentation on Heat Pumps and Waste Heat Recovery by Prof M V Rane on 9/03/2016 in the CEP for the Tata Group Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 1

Saved as F:\CEP\TG+ESE_IITB+2015-2016\20160303+HP&WHR+TG_ESE+M V Rane+20160309.pptx file last updated on 23-03-2016 2.06 PM

MULTI UTILITY HEAT PUMPS

Some Technologies Developed

at

the Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB

Indian Patents Filed 27 (14 Granted + 1 defended/awaiting grant + 12 being examined)

Several Technologies Developed / Transferred / Licensed / Commercialized

Milind V Rane, PhD

Institute Chair Professor and Energy Technology Consultant

Heat Pump Laboratory, HPL_IITB

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076 INDIA



OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Multi Utility Heat Pumps

• Brief Overview of Various Technologies

Electric and Heat Driven Multi-Utility Heat Pumps, Heat Recovery, Renewables

• Need and Scope for Multi Utility Heat Pumps

• Various Multi Utility Heat Pump and their Salient Features

Salient Features of the Novel Patented Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger, TT_HE

Multi stream heat exchanger simplify controls

• Applications of Multi Utility Heat Pumps

• Case Studies along with Economics

60 TR R717 refrigeration system at a Dairy

33 kWh MU_HP Solution Heater at Automotive Factory

1.2 TR Ground Water Coupled AC at an Institute

36 kWh Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater for Buildings

4-in-1 Heat Pump for Residence

6-in-1 Heat Pump for Canteen

• Conclusions



Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 3

Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt file last updated on 18/11/2011 at 15:00 hrs

MULTI_UTILITY HEAT PUMPS & SHR_WHSMU_HP deployed as 3.52 kW Residential to 55 kW Industrial Heating

SHR_WH deployed on 1 TR to 270 TR Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems

Applications: Heating Air / Water / Process Fluid, Cooling Air / Water / Potable Water / Process Streams

Vented Double Wall Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger, TT_HE Reliability Proven: SHR_WH operating over 8 years without service call

Installations at McDonalds, Mahindra & Mahindra , Worli Dairy, Hotel Faryaz, Club Mahindra, ENT Clinic, Homes, Hostel, etc





SORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

Hybrid Air Conditioners Energy Efficient AC using Liquid Desiccant

Shipboard Chilling System Engine Exhaust used to Chill Water

Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump AC + Potable Water + Hot Water

Diabatic Contacting Devices Enable Effective Heat and Mast Transfer with High Surface Density at Low Gas Phase Pressure Drop





RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMSPlastic Wind Mill 0.125 kW @ 6 m/s Plastic Solar Air Heaters Air In/Out 29 / 60 to 90oC

Solar Steam Generator 1 bar @ 100oC Solar Refrigerator Cum Water Heater

Solar Air Heaters Air In/Out 29 / 150 to 300oC

Light Weight - Low Cost - Roof Mountable Systems of All Sectors Residential, Commercial and Industrial Use



RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

Solar Flat Plate Air Heaters Ambient Air Heating form 25 to 75oC

Solar Flat Plate Steam Generators Tap Water to Steam at 100oC

Seasonally Tracked Collector

Once in 15 days

Light Weight

7.5 to 12 kg/m2

Efficiency Air Heaters

50 to 80% based on Global Radiation

Efficiency Steam Generators

40 to 60% based on Global Radiation

Low Cost

INR 4,100 to 6,000/m2for air heaters

INR 6,000 to 7,500/m2for steam generator

Applications

Cooking & Process Heating in

Residences, Commercial

and Industrial Establishments



RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

Solar Steam Generator with Storage Currently Generates Steam @ 1 bar @ 100oC

Solar Rice Cooker Coupled with Solar Steam Generator with Storage

Seasonally Tracked

Once in 15 day if desired

Storage Temperature

Up to 200oC achieved

Efficiency

40 to 60% based on Global

Radiation

Low Cost

INR 7,500 to 10,000/m2

for steam generator with

storage

Applications

Cooking & Process

Heating in

Residences, Commercial

Industrial Establishments





EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY UNITS

Deployed on 50 kW to 7.5 MW Gas Turbines, 135 kW to 6 MW DG Sets

Applications: Heating Air / Water / Thermic Fluid, Generating Steam / NH3/H2O Solution / Liquid Desiccants

Heat Sources: Exhaust of Engines & Gensets Diesel / Gas / FO / Biogas, Turbines Gas / Biogas , Furnaces, Stenters



HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

Need and Scope

• Improve Life Cycle Cost

Minimize need for cooling by judiciously selecting indoor/outdoor conditions, recovering and recycling availability in exhaust streams, proper application engineering

Lower operating cost due to higher overall energy efficiency

Peak demand for domestic water heating can be reduced by over 95%

Co-production of multiple utilities using a single system helps reduce space, initial cost and maintenance

• Scope for Developing & Deploying Appropriate Technologies

Reliable and compact heat and mass exchangers need to be developed to tap the potential savings

Good application engineering for judicious non-intrusive integration of various sub-systems

• Energy Conservation

Co or tri-generation of cold, hot and/or dehumidification utilities

Super heat recovery with chiller COP and/or capacity improvement

Preheating of boiler feed water, which is free if primary useful effect is cooling and vice versa

• Environmental Friendly

Co-production of multiple utilities helps improve cooling capacities/COP and reduce refrigerant charge, reduces material usage and embodied energy

Thermal pollution & CO2 emission reduced by gainfully recovering heat in multi-utility generator

Using renewables with suitable backups helps reduce fuel, heat pumps as backup for water heating



ISSUES RELAVENT TO DESIGN OF MUHPs

Systems Need to be Custom Designed and Optimized

• Design Should be Arrived at After Giving Due Consideration to

Variation in Load Pattern: design load

Specific Process Requirements: mode of heat recovery, in the form of potable hot water, boiler feed water, direct heating of process fluids or sea water for desalination, regeneration of liquid desiccant

Water Quality: passage dimensions

Concept and Culture of Maintenance: reflects on water passage dimension

Choice of Wetted Material: Tube MOC has to be appropriately selected and wall thickness is to be determined based on corrosion characteristics and expected life

Available Space: Coil design could be optimized by selecting most suitable configuration from options like serpentine, compressed serpentine, helical, flat helical, spiral, with optimal straight sections between bends, etc.

• Variables that Play an Important Role in Design Optimization

Pressure Drop on Refrigerant Side: affects size, weight and cost; specially capacity of the chiller/refrigeration unit may reduce if not designed properly

Refrigerant Velocities: oil return and heat transfer coefficients

Water Velocities: fouling, heat transfer coefficients and pumping costs



TUBE-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

Reliable Vented Double Wall Heat Exchanger

Based on Contributions of the HPL_IITB

Indian Patents Filed 1 (Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger)

Patent granted (Application number: 1082/MUM/2002, Grant number: 205362)



HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER

Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH or MUHP

Features of Patented Tube_Tube Heat Exchangers, TT_HE

• Novel Modular Design: Vented tube-tube design, starting with 0.5 TR module with increments of 1 and 5 TR, no upper limit for chiller capacity

• Safe Integration in to the System: Vented design ensures no mixing of refrigerant and water, SHR_WH can be isolated while chiller is on line

• Simple to Retrofit: Only the tube/pipe between compressor and condenser is tapped into to install the SHR_WH

• High Heat Transfer Coefficients: Novel tubular exchangers optimized for high heat transfer coefficients at low pressure drops on water/refrigerant sides

• Material of Construction: Wide choice of MOC, optimized based on the application, SS 316L, SS 316, SS 304L, Mild Steel, Carbon Steel, Copper

• Easy to Maintain: Can be cleaned in place using Chemical Descaling Fluids while keeping the chiller/refrigeration system online



SHR_WH NDRI 60 TR R717 WCCOperational since Jan 2016 by Promethean Energy Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai

Water Heating 800 lph from 30 C to 60oC, 30 kWh Pressure Drop <0.1 bar

Condenser Pressure Reduced

• Refrigeration System Capacity Kirloskar Reciprocating Ammonia Compressor in a Dairy 60 TR (210 kWc )

• Temperature of Refrigerant, In/Out 100/50oC

• Temperature of Water, In/Out 30/60oC

• Hot Water Flow Rate 800 l/h

• Simple Payback ~6 month

• Easy to Integrate / Retrofit in Existing Operating Plant

Installation Possible with Shutdown of Half A Day!



SHR_WH INDIAN RAYON 110 TR R134a WCCOperational since Oct 2015 by Promethean Energy Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai

Free Water Heating 77,000 lpd, from 29 C to 41oC, 46 kWh Chiller Power Saving ~1% Capacity Maintained



CASE STUDYOperated for Eleven Years without a Single Service Call

Super Heat Recovery Water Heater at Hotel Fariyas, Colaba

• Chiller Capacity 60 TR (211.2 kWc )

R22 York Reciprocating Compressor

• Temperature of Refrigerant, In/Out 95/63oC

• Temperature of Water, In/Out 30/60oC

SHRWH is installed in co-current mode

• Hot Water Flow Rate 870 l/h

• Fuel Saving Reported 81 l HSD/day

• Annual Savings INR 10 Lakh/y

• CO2 Emissions Reduction 1100 tonne in 11 year

• Simple Payback < 3 month

Without accounting for electricity saving due to improved COP

Without accounting for 80% depreciationb



VARIOUS TYPES OF HEAT PUMPS

• Vapour Compression: Electric Motor or Direct Engine Coupled

Heating only

Heating in winter and cooling and dehumidification in summer/monsoon

Simultaneous cooling and heating

Multi-utility generator for simultaneously catering to air-conditioning, water heating and potable water

chilling

• Absorption and Adsorption: Waste Heat or Solar Driven or Biogas/Biomass Fired

Co or tri-generation of cold, hot and/or dehumidification utilities

Solar refrigerator cum water heater

Solar dehumidified fresh air, potable water generation, water heating

Solar cold store cum dryer

Biogas fired cold store cum dryer

Solar cold store cum dryer with biogas backup

Shipboard fish chilling system using engine exhaust heat

Tractor cabin air conditioner using hot water from engine



EFFICIENT HEATING FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

M&M KANDIVILI

Heat Duty 33 kW, Power Input 11 kW, Heater Power Saving 60 to 70%, Solution Heated up to 55oC

Bonus Utilities Generated: Cooling of Shop Floor and Potable Chilled Water 300 lph at 18oC



HEAT PUMP

for Washing Machine Coolant Heating on Washing M/C # 1729



AIR & WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP

Energy Efficient Process Fluid Heating and Simultaneous AC and Water Cooling

for Automotive Industries, Small Scale Industries and Agro Processing Units

Heating Duty 36 kWh

Water Heating from 50 to 55oC

Power Input 12 kWe

Heater Power

Saving 60 to 70%

Bonus Utility

Generated

Chilled Water 4.2 kWc

Water Chilled from 12 to 7oC

Air Cooling 19.8 to 24 kWc

Indoor Temperature 27 to 18oC



CASE STUDY

Heat Pump Installation on Washing M/C # 1729 at M&M Kandivli

Utilities Produced ESH HP

Synclean Solution Heating to 55oC 66 kW 33 kW

Potable Water Cooling 4.1 kW

Air Conditioning 6.5 TR

Power Consumed ESH HP

Electric Solution Heater (ESH) @ (2+8) h/day 66 kW2 h preheating @ 100% duty and 8 h @ 50% duty cycle

Heat Pump + Solution Pump @ (4+8) h/day (10 + 1) kW 4 h preheating @ 100% duty and 8 h @ 100% duty cycle

Total Power Consumption 396 kWh/day 132 kWh/day

Reduction in Power Consumption 66%

Total Operating Cost @ 4 INR/kWh 1584 INR/day 528 INR/day

Saving in Operating Cost 1045 INR/day

Total Capital Cost of Heat Pump Installation INR 4.10 Lac

Annual Savings in Operating Cost INR 3.13 Lac

Simple Payback for Other Installation < 1.5 yearOne shift operation without accounting for the initial investment required for the equipment

needed for generating cold utilities and the cost of operating the cold utility generators



3rd BRY-AIR AWARDS FOR EXCELLANCE IN HVAC&R 2007-08

Multi-Utility Heat Pumps Won the Runner-Up Trophy in the Product Category



WATER TO WATER MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP

Energy Efficient Water Heating and Simultaneous Water Chilling for Hotels

Heating Duty 55 kWh

Water Heating from 27 to 60oC

Power Input 15 kWe

Heater Power

Saving 60 to 70%

Bonus Utility

Generated

Chilled Water 43 kWc

Water Chilled from 12 to 7oC



MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMPS: MU_HP

Generating Multiple Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously since June 2003

Novel 4 in 1 Heat Pumps

• Novel Design: 4 in 1 unit with provision for air conditioning using radiant panels, water

heating, potable water cooling and cloth drying

• Integrated System: Includes tap water heater and potable water cooler

• 24 hour Supply of Hot and Cold Water: Storage required

• Simple to Operate: Simply turn on the hot or chilled water tap to draw water

• Chills Potable Water to 18oC: 0.5 L/min or 30 L/h

• Heats Tap Water to 45oC: 3 to 4.5 L/min or 180 to 270 L/h in a 1.5 TR AC

• Low Operating Costs: 60 to 70% reduction in operating costs

• Lower Initial Cost: Compared to the conventional air conditioner + electric water heater + water

cooler

• Compact Design: Same footprint as that of Window or Split Air Conditioner

• Maintenance Free: Operating for over 12 year at Prof Rane’s Residence in IITB



MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMPS: MU_HPOngoing Project at NTPC_NETRA: IITB_NTPC Joint Project

Generation of Multiple Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously

Novel 6 in 1 Heat Pump for Canteen Application

• Integrated System: All season heat pump includes water heating/cooling and refrigerator

• Air Conditioning: 12 TR cooling/dehumidification in summer/monsoon and heating in winter

• Simple to Operate: Simply turn on the hot or chilled water tap to draw water

• Supply of Cold and Hot Water on Demand: Integrated storage with Patented TT_HE

Cooled RO water @ 15oC for drinking 200 L storage Max Demand Served 16 kW

Heated tap water @ 60oC for sanitation 1,500 L storage Max Demand Served 35 kW

Heated RO water @ 80oC for cooking 200 L storage Max Demand Served 50 kW

• Refrigerator for Preserving Fresh Fruits & Vegetables along with Milk Products

Refrigerator @ 10 to 15oC for food 1,000 L storage 24 h Operation

• Low Operating Costs: 2.65 Lac INR/year compared to non-solar option

• Compact Design: Footprint ~3 m L x 1.22 m W x 2.1 m H located outdoor including storage

• Payback: Less than 1 year for non-solar option based on 7 h/day & 300 day/year operation



PANEL HEAT EXCHANGERS

Handles Both Sensible and Latent Loads & Offers Built in Storage


Indian Patents Filed 1 Panel Heat Exchanger

Patent Application #: 1828/MUM/2014



MU_HP: DX Radiant Panel in the HallMU_HP operating for over 11 year, since Jun 2003, at Prof Rane’s Residence in IITB Radiant Panels Integrated in Aug 2014

Handle Both Sensible and Latent Loads: ~1.8 m2/TR Wall Area

• High Performance: DX coil can operate at 12oC in place of 7.2oC

Results in increased cooling capacity and COP of the refrigeration system

• Attractive Initial Cost: Comparable with cassette type indoor units



ENERGY EFFICIENT INSTANT WATER COOLER Radiant Heat Rejection Panel from the Condenser

Features of EE_IWC

• Chilled Drinking Water 50 lph

Delivered at 18oC

Instant cooling effect

• Filtered Warm Water is Coproduced

• Energy Efficient System

Lower power consumption 480 to 500 W

Novel Design, Radiant Cooled Condenser

• Ease of Servicing

Fin tube condenser coil and fan is absent

• Option to Conceal Aqua Guard Water Filter

• Footprint of the System is Very Small

Less than 0.2 m2

915 mm

1390 mm

2438 mm



MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP WITH CONTACTING DEVICE

Energy Efficient Air Conditioning using Novel Evaporative Condensation at McDonalds

Conventional AC Duty 24 TR, Power Input 1.01 kWe/TR, Power Saving 25 to 36%, Water Heated up to 55oC

Bonus Utilities Generated: AC of Kitchen, Water Heated 500 lph at 55oC and Potable Chilled Water 300 lph at 18oC



SOLAR MULTI-UTILITY HEAT PUMP: SMUHP3 TR Fresh Air Dehumidifier + 50 to 80 lpd Potabel Water Generation + Potabel Water Heating upto 800 lpd

Air Conditioning Unit Including Evaporative Cooler & Solar Collector

• Indirect Evaporatively Cooled Fresh Air Dehumidifier

Three stage counter current Heat and Mass Transfer

Built In Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Diabatic Contacting Devices, DCD, used a FAD, EC, LT LDR

• Two Stage Regeneration using EGT based Solar Collectors

Regeneration max 135oC using EGT Heat Pipe Collectors

• Initial Trials have Demonstrated Dehumidification COP > 1.0



SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING3 TR Solar Air Conditioner with Co-generation of Hot Water and Potable Water

System Integrated Preliminary Tests Show Dehumidification COP 1.03

• Liquid Desiccant based Solar Multi-Utility Heat Pump, LD_SMUHP

Air Conditioning room air at DBT 26+2oC & rh 60% 3 TR (10.5 kWc)

Tap Water Heating from 27 to 50oC 500 to 800 lpd

Potable Water Generation 50 to 80 lpd

• Solar Collectors Serve As High Temperature Regenerator, HTR

Serviceable Heat Pipe Integrated EGT SC used as HTR Modules to regenerate ~8.1 kg/h

Four roof mountable HTR modules deployment on HPL_IITB Terrace 13.5 m2

Collectors with Projected EGT Absorber 3 to 3.6 m2 & Gross Area 6 to 7.2 m2 (27 m2 Gross Area)

Collector efficiency @ 750 W/m2 global and regeneration temperature of 135oC > 50%

• Diabatic Contacting Device, DCD Serve as Low Temperature Regenerator, LTR

Slow Rotating Disk Assembly in DCD used to regenerate additional ~6.5 kg/h

Two Troughs /DCD used for 3 TR LD_SMUHP 2 x 1.5 m L

Mass transfer surface area 16.6 m2

Rotor motor power consumption < 10 W

• KFo Solution Concentration Change Achieved in HTR & LTR up to 18%

• High and Low Temperature Solution Heat Exchangers are Three Fluid Stream HEs



CONCLUSIONS

Energy Conservation In HVAC&R: SHR_WH, MUHP

• Increasing Energy Costs and Raising Concern for Environment Heightens the Need to Go for

Heat Recovery Systems: SHR_WH and Multi-Utility Heat Pumps

• Novel Patented Tube-Tube Heat Exchangers (TT_HE) are Very Reliable

Double Wall Vented Design no worries about cross contamination

More Reliable than the conventional condensers and chillers

• Recovered Heat from Chillers / Refrigeration Systems can be Effectively Used for

Generating hot water, process fluids or desalinating sea water

Regenerating liquid desiccant for drying and dehumidification

• Super Heat Recovery Water Heaters, SHR_WH, are Very Lucrative

Water can be heated to over 75oC while simultaneously increasing cooling COP and capacity of the

vapour compression refrigeration / chiller system

• Payback for Novel Patented SHR_WHs Range Between 3 to 6 month

• Multi-Utility Heat Pumps can Reduce Electric Demand by 66 to 95%

• Payback Periods for Multi-Utility Heat Pumps Range Between 3 to 18 month

Open Up New Applications with Economically Attractive Possibilities for Deployment !



THANK YOU ALL!

Principal Investigator

Dr Milind V Rane

Institute Chair Professor and Energy Technology Consultant

Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB

Mechanical Engineering Department

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076 INDIA

Phone Off 2576 7514, Lab 2576 4593, Res 2576 8514

Fax Off (9122) 2572 3480, Res (91 22) 2572 4544

Email [email protected]





VARIOUS HRU DESIGN ISSUES

Systems Need to be Custom Designed and Optimised

• Design Should be Arrived at After Giving Due Consideration to

Variation in load pattern

Design load

Specific process requirements

Mode of heat recovery, in the form of steam, thermic fluid, hot water, regeneration of salt solutions or hot air

Water quality

Passage dimension

Concept and culture of maintenance

Gas side passage dimension

• Variables that Play an Important Role in Design Optimisation

Pressure drop on exhaust side affects

Size, weight, cost

Exhaust gas velocities

Fouling, heat transfer coefficients



Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 35 of 54

MATRIX HEAT RECOVERY UNITCompact Boilers Along Side the Silencers for 2 x 1000 kVA DG Sets

Applications: Heating Air / Water / Thermic Fluid, Generating Steam / NH3/H2O Solution / Liquid Desiccants

Heat Sources: Engines & Gensets Exhaust Diesel / Gas / FO / Biogas, Turbines Exhaust Gas / Biogas



Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 36 of 54

GAS TURBINE EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERYApplication: Heating Thermic Fluid

Compact Thermic Fluid Heater for 7.5 MW Turbomac Gas Turbine

Exhaust Flow Rate 26.23 kg/s

Temperatures In / Out

Exhaust 484 / 424oC

Thermic Fluid 220 / 250oC

Heat Duty 1.72 MW

Pressure Drop

Exhaust < 60 mm H2O

Thermic Fluid < 1 bar

Size (excluding duct work)

Length 1000 mm

Width 2750 mm

Height 1400 mm

Weight 1400 kg



VASVIK AWARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 2005

Matrix Heat Recovery Units and Heat Recovery form RAC Systems



DIABATIC CONTACTING DEVICE

Compact Diabatic or Adiabatic Mass Transfer Device


Indian Patents Filed 1 (Contacting Device)

Patent granted (Application number: 1082/MUM/2002, Grant number: 205362)




Features and Advantages

• Modular, Scalable, Efficient and Economical

• Compact and Sturdy

High surface densities typically in the range of 465 to 600 m2/m3

120 to 185% greater than conventional packing

• Low Pressure Drop

Typically 10 to 60 Pa per stage

• Low Power Consumption for Rotor and Fan/Blower

Probably the lowest energy consuming aeration device with very high interfacial area

• Carryover Free

Stream of gas or air that flows out does not contain any liquid

Air velocities between 1 to 2.4 m/s : Depending on operating conditions

• Cost Effective with Early Payback

Use of Waste Heat and Low Pumping Power




Applications Include Combined Heat and Mass Transfer

• Efficiently Absorb or Separate Gases from Liquids

• Distillation, Rectification, Solvent Recovery

Integration with Heat Pumps or Low Grade Heat Sources like Process Streams

• Absorption Refrigeration Systems

• Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications

Air Washers, Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers

• Liquid Desiccant Systems

Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers

• Hybrid Air Conditioning

using Liquid Desiccants and Vapour Compressor Systems

• Various Other Applications in Chemical Process Industries

Effluent Aeration, Concentration, Evaporation, Solvent Recovery



TASK 3.2 A: DOAS & MCHXPrototype for Fresh Air Dehumidification or Evaporative Cooling using

Diabatic Contacting Device

• Prototype of a Versatile Patented Diabatic

Contacting Device with Rotating Contacting Disks

• Various Uses in Diabatic Contacting Device

Air Humidifier for use as a dessert cooler

Indirect Evaporative Cooler for cooling water

which could be used for structure cooling

Evaporative Condenser/De-superheater/Sub-

cooler for improving performance of air or water

cooled systems

Fresh Air Dehumidifier using Liquid Desiccant

while concurrently cooling using cooling tower

water and regenerating with hot water

Hybrid Air Conditioning System using Liquid

Desiccant for dehumidification with concurrent

cooling using evaporator of a vapour

compression sub-system and regenerating with

condenser heat



COMPARISON OF DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESSES

State Points on Psychrometric Chart

1-2-3-4 Conventional Vapour

Compression System

1-4 Hybrid Cooling System

A Heat Pump delivering Cooling

during Dehumidification along

with Regeneration of Liquid Desiccant

using Condenser Heat

1-5-4 Adiabatic Dehumidification

followed by Sensible Cooling

1-5-6-7-4 Adiabatic Deep

Dehumidification followed by

Sensible Cooling and Direct

Evaporative Cooling

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Temperature,oC

0

10

20

30

Hum

idit

y R

atio

, g/k

g D

ry A

ir

100%

70%

40%30%

10% Relative Humidity

0.77

0.79

0.81

0.83

0.85

0.89

0.91

0.93 Specific V

olume, m

3/kg Dry A

ir0.95

10

30 4

2 1

90

3

76

5



HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM

Schematic Representation of Refrigerant and LD Circuits

LD Pump

LD Pump

Compressor

Regenerator/OutDoor ContactingDevice

Absorber/InDoor ContactingDevice

Contacting Disc

SHE

Throttle Value

Fan

Trough

Square Shaft

Weak LD

Strong LD

Rfrigerant Vapour

Fan

Ambient AirIn Door Air Conditioned Air





HYBRID AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM: HEAT PUMP!

Cooling Using VCS and Dehumidification Using Liquid Desiccant

Novel Contacting Device in ICD and

OCD

Large surface density

465 to 600 m2/m3

No carryover of LD

Low pressure drop

5 to 10 mm H2O

Features and Advantages

Increase in Cooling Capacity

20 to 40% for a given compressor

Energy Saving

30 to 60% compared to conventional

practice

Modular Design

2 to 50 kW cooling capacity

Low Initial Cost

compared to conventional solid or

liquid desiccant based systems

OCD

ICD



SCHEME FOR LD_SACTwo Stage Regeneration of LD, Simultaneous Sensible and Latent Cooling for Hot and Humid Climate of Mumbai, INDIA

Advantages: High COP, Low Parasitic Power, No Carryover or Corrosion



SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING3 TR Solar Air Conditioner with Co-generation of Hot Water and Potable Water

System Integrated Preliminary Tests Show Dehumidification COP 1.03

• Diabatic Contacting Device, DCD, Serve as Fresh Air Dehumidifiers, FAD

Slow Rotating Disk Assembly in DCD used to absorb moisture from fresh air ~14.6 kg/h

Cooling of the FAD is achieved using Indirect Evaporative Coolers, IEC

Six Troughs /DCD used for 3 TR LD_SMUHP 6 x 1.5 m L

Mass transfer surface area ~50 m2

Rotor Motor Power Consumption < 30 W

Double Inlet Blower Power for Fresh Air Circulation ~ 150 W

• Diabatic Contacting Device, DCD, Serve as Indirect Evaporative Coolers, IEC

Slow Rotating Disk Assembly in DCD used to evaporatively cool water ~10.5 kW

Cooling of the FAD is achieved using water cooled in IEC

Six Troughs /DCD used for 3 TR LD_SMUHP 6 x 1.5 m L

Mass transfer surface area ~50 m2

Rotor motor power consumption < 30 W

Axial Fan Power for Ambient Air Circulation through IEC & LTR ~ 100 W

Peristaltic Solution Pump Used for Circulation of KFo Solution 100 W

Water Circulation Pump in IEC 90 W

• Solar Air Conditioning is One Step Closer to Techno-Economic Viability!Expected mass production cost of 3 TR LD_SMUHP is INR 4.1 Lac with payback of 2 to 3 yr



PANEL HEAT EXCHANGER: Cooling/Dehumidification/HeatingInstalled at the Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB

Two Panels, 3.7 m x 0.5 m, in Two Rooms Coupled to a Single 2 TR Split ODU

• Location of Panel Heat Exchanger

Mounted on the beam Located such that cooled dehumidified air

naturally convects down on the users around

the table

• Heat Transfer from Panel Surface

Radiation Component Panel temperature is 7.2 to 15oC

Higher if compressor supports such operation

Natural Convection Depends upon room indoor air velocity (0.2 to

0.5 m/s) using ceiling fan

Or benefiting from dehumidified fresh air

ventilation air

• Role of Existing Ceiling Fan

Forced Convection Air velocity on PHE increased: 0.5 to 2.0 m/s

depending upon location and user comfort

• Location of Room Thermostat

Can not see the panel – radiation effect



SOME TECHNOLOGY LICENSEE

Matrix Heat Recovery

Unidyne, Mumbai for Engine , Gas Turbine and Furnace Exhaust Heat Recovery

for Generation of Hot Water, Pressurised Hot Water, Steam,

Heating Thermic Fluid and Generation of NH3/H2O Solution

Tube –Tube Heat Recovery

Promethean Energy, Navi Mumbai for SHR_WH, Compressed Air Heat Recovery

Aqua Engineers, Mumbai for SHR_WH

Mech World Eco, Nashik for SHR_WH, Evaporator, Condenser, Potable Water Instant Pre Chillers

Contacting Device

Opel HVAC, Mumbai for HACS in Pharma Sector

Mech World Eco, Nashik for Evaporative Condenser

Vector Technologies, Mumbai for Evaporative Condenser, HACS

Adsorption Module

Godrej Lawkim, Pune for Solar Refrigerator cum Water Heater

Plastic Heat Exchanger

Vector Technologies, Mumbai for Air to Air Heat Recovery and Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Documents

Multi Utility Heat Pumps - NTPC Limitednetraconfer.ntpc.co.in/pdfs/RnD/Saraswati/Session2a/MUHP.pdf · Presentation on Heat Pumps and Waste Heat Recovery by Prof M V Rane on 9/03/2016